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Pozo-Pérez L, Tornero-Esteban P, López-Bran E. Clinical and preclinical approach in AGA treatment: a review of current and new therapies in the regenerative field. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:260. [PMID: 39148125 PMCID: PMC11328498 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03801-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prevalent type of hair loss. Its morbility is mainly psychological although an increased incidence in melanoma has also been observed in affected subjects. Current drug based therapies and physical treatments are either unsuccessful in the long term or have relevant side effects that limit their application. Therefore, a new therapeutic approach is needed to promote regenerative enhancement alternatives. These treatment options, focused on the cellular niche restoration, could be the solution to the impact of dihydrotestosterone in the hair follicle microenvironment. In this context emerging regenerative therapies such as Platelet-rich plasma or Platelet-rich fibrine as well as hair follicle stem cells and mesenchymal stem cell based therapies and their derivatives (conditioned medium CM or exoxomes) are highlighting in the evolving landscape of hair restoration. Nanotechnology is also leading the way in AGA treatment through the design of bioinks and nanobiomaterials whose structures are being configuring in a huge range of cases by means of 3D bioprinting. Due to the increasing number and the rapid creation of new advanced therapies alternatives in the AGA field, an extended review of the current state of art is needed. In addition this review provides a general insight in current and emerging AGA therapies which is intented to be a guidance for researchers highlighting the cutting edge treatments which are recently gaining ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pozo-Pérez
- Dermatology Department, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Health Research of Clinico San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Tornero-Esteban
- Cellular GMP Manufacturing Facility, Institute for Health Research of Clinico San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Ghorbani R, Hosseinzadeh S, Azari A, Taghipour N, Soleimani M, Rahimpour A, Abbaszadeh HA. The Current Status and Future Direction of Extracellular Nano-vesicles in the Alleviation of Skin Disorders. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:351-366. [PMID: 37073662 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230418121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endocytic membranes. The transfer of biomolecules and biological compounds such as enzymes, proteins, RNA, lipids, and cellular waste disposal through exosomes plays an essential function in cell-cell communication and regulation of pathological and physiological processes in skin disease. The skin is one of the vital organs that makes up about 8% of the total body mass. This organ consists of three layers, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis that cover the outer surface of the body. Heterogeneity and endogeneity of exosomes is an advantage that distinguishes them from nanoparticles and liposomes and leads to their widespread usage in the remedy of dermal diseases. The biocompatible nature of these extracellular vesicles has attracted the attention of many health researchers. In this review article, we will first discuss the biogenesis of exosomes, their contents, separation methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of exosomes. Then we will highlight recent developments related to the therapeutic applications of exosomes in the treatment of common skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, alopecia, epidermolysis bullosa, keloid, melanoma, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Ghorbani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Ortega-Cuartiella A. Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Secretome in Reversible Alopecias: A Systematic Review. Int J Trichology 2023; 15:173-182. [PMID: 39170092 PMCID: PMC11335044 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA) are two highly prevalent conditions, affecting both men and women of a wide range of ages, which strongly impact their quality of life and self-esteem. Both pathologies are deemed to be reversible, although conventional therapies have shown limited scope and efficacy. New therapeutic approaches, focusing on the degenerative changes that take place in the hair follicle, are needed to achieve better outcomes. For instance, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC), abundant and easy to obtain, hold great potential in follicular regeneration. ADSCs can be isolated as stromal vascular fraction (SVF) by the enzymatic digestion of the lipoaspirate or as nanofat by the mechanical breakdown of adipocytes. In addition, commercial preparations of the conditioned medium of the ADSCs secretome (ADSC-conditionate medium [CM]) have entered the market as an appealing alternative because of their comparatively lower cost and accessibility. A search was conducted, crossing relevant terms, on PubMed Central and Google Scholar. Criteria for inclusion were studies in the past 10 years on humans with AGA or AA, where either SVF, nanofat, or ADSC-CM was tested as the main treatment. Eleven publications qualified: two studied nanofat, three, ADSC-CM, and six, SVF, either individually or in combination with other therapies. Only one randomized controlled trial (RCT) was found and classified as evidence 2b according to the Sackett scale. The rest were case-control studies or case series with small samples and no control, graded as evidence 3b and 4. A meta-analysis could not be conducted due to the heterogenicity of the study designs. Given the evidence obtained, Level D NICE recommendation was established. However, we consider that the positive findings are sufficiently consistent to support the elaboration of further RCTs that share criteria and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ortega-Cuartiella
- Ad Astra Clinic® Medical Director and Founder, Cl. Doctor Roux 67, Bajo. Barcelona, Spain, International Society for Stem Cell Applications: Platinum Member, Real Instituto Alfonso XIII: Academician
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Ku YC, Omer Sulaiman H, Anderson SR, Abtahi AR. The Potential Role of Exosomes in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: A Review of Current Literature. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2023; 11:e5051. [PMID: 37313480 PMCID: PMC10259637 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite an increasing surge of exosome use throughout the aesthetic arena, a paucity of published exosome-based literature exists. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles derived from various cell types, exerting effects via intercellular communication and regulation of several signaling pathways. The purpose of this review was to summarize published articles elucidating mechanisms and potential applications, report available products and clinical techniques, and prompt further investigation of this emerging treatment within the plastic surgery community. Methods A literature review was performed using PubMed with keywords exosomes, secretomes, extracellular vesicles, plastic surgery, skin rejuvenation, scar revision, hair growth, body contouring, and breast augmentation. Publications from 2010 to 2021 were analyzed for relevance and level of evidence. A Google search identified exosome distributors, where manufacturing/procurement details, price, efficacy, and clinical indications for use were obtained by direct contact and summarized in table format. Results Exosomes are currently derived from bone marrow, placental, adipose, and umbilical cord tissue. Laboratory-based exosome studies demonstrate enhanced outcomes in skin rejuvenation, scar revision, hair restoration, and fat graft survival on the macro and micro levels. Clinical studies are limited to anecdotal results. Prices vary considerably from $60 to nearly $5000 based on company, source tissue, and exosome concentration. No exosome-based products are currently Food and Drug Administration-approved. Conclusions Administered alone or as an adjunct, current reports show promise in several areas of aesthetic plastic surgery. However, ongoing investigation is warranted to further delineate concentration, application, safety profile, and overall outcome efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying C. Ku
- From the Department of Surgery, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC
| | - Hafsa Omer Sulaiman
- Department of Surgery, Hull University Hospitals, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Spencer R. Anderson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH
| | - Ali R. Abtahi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
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Krefft-Trzciniecka K, Piętowska Z, Nowicka D, Szepietowski JC. Human Stem Cell Use in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060951. [PMID: 36980291 PMCID: PMC10047891 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia is a condition that results in hair loss in both men and women. This can have a significant impact on a person's psychological well-being, which can lead to a decreased quality of life. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of using stem cells in androgenic alopecia. The search was conducted in MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The review was performed on data pertaining to the efficacy of using different types of stem cells in androgenic alopecia: quantitative results of stem cell usage were compared to the control treatment or, different types of treatment for female and male androgenetic alopecia. Of the outcomes, the density of hair was analyzed. Fourteen articles were selected for this review. During and after treatment with stem cells, no major side effects were reported by patients with alopecia. The use of stem cells in androgenic alopecia seems to be a promising alternative to the standard treatment or it could play the role of complementary therapy to improve the effect of primary treatment. However, these results should be interpreted with caution until they can be reproduced in larger and more representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuzanna Piętowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Danuta Nowicka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wrocław Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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Castro AR, Portinha C, Logarinho E. The Emergent Power of Human Cellular vs Mouse Models in Translational Hair Research. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1021-1028. [PMID: 35962707 PMCID: PMC9585950 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different animal models have been used for hair research and regeneration studies based on the similarities between animal and human skins. Primary knowledge on hair follicle (HF) biology has arisen from research using mouse models baring spontaneous or genetically engineered mutations. These studies have been crucial for the discovery of genes underlying human hair cycle control and hair loss disorders. Yet, researchers have become increasingly aware that there are distinct architectural and cellular features between the mouse and human HFs, which might limit the translation of findings in the mouse models. Thus, it is enticing to reason that the spotlight on mouse models and the unwillingness to adapt to the human archetype have been hampering the emergence of the long-awaited human hair loss cure. Here, we provide an overview of the major limitations of the mainstream mouse models for human hair loss research, and we underpin a future course of action using human cell bioengineered models and the emergent artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Castro
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Saúde Viável-Insparya Hair Center, Porto, Portugal.,Doctoral Program in Biomedical Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Elsa Logarinho
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Saúde Viável-Insparya Hair Center, Porto, Portugal
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Promotion of Hair Regrowth by Transdermal Dissolvable Microneedles Loaded with Rapamycin and Epigallocatechin Gallate Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071404. [PMID: 35890299 PMCID: PMC9318735 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in transdermal delivery methods for stimulating hair regrowth has been increasing recently. The microneedle approach can break the barrier of the stratum corneum through puncture ability and improve drug delivery efficiency. Herein, we report a dissolvable microneedle device for the co-delivery of rapamycin and epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles that can significantly promote hair regeneration. Compared with the mice without any treatment, our strategy can facilitate hair growth within 7 days. Higher hair shaft growth rate and hair follicle density with inconspicuous inflammation were exhibited in C57BL/6 mice, elucidating its potential for clinical application.
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8
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Amjadian S, Moradi S, Mohammadi P. The emerging therapeutic targets for scar management: genetic and epigenetic landscapes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 35:247-265. [PMID: 35696989 PMCID: PMC9533440 DOI: 10.1159/000524990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Wound healing is a complex process including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling during which an orchestrated array of biological and molecular events occurs to promote skin regeneration. Abnormalities in each step of the wound healing process lead to reparative rather than regenerative responses, thereby driving the formation of cutaneous scar. Patients suffering from scars represent serious health problems such as contractures, functional and esthetic concerns as well as painful, thick, and itchy complications, which generally decrease the quality of life and impose high medical costs. Therefore, therapies reducing cutaneous scarring are necessary to improve patients' rehabilitation. Summary Current approaches to remove scars, including surgical and nonsurgical methods, are not efficient enough, which is in principle due to our limited knowledge about underlying mechanisms of pathological as well as the physiological wound healing process. Thus, therapeutic interventions focused on basic science including genetic and epigenetic knowledge are recently taken into consideration as promising approaches for scar management since they have the potential to provide targeted therapies and improve the conventional treatments as well as present opportunities for combination therapy. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in skin regenerative medicine through genetic and epigenetic approaches to achieve novel insights for the development of safe, efficient, and reproducible therapies and discuss promising approaches for scar management. Key Message Genetic and epigenetic regulatory switches are promising targets for scar management, provided the associated challenges are to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Amjadian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadi
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- *Parvaneh Mohammadi,
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Mysore V, Alexander S, Nepal S, Venkataram A. Regenerative Medicine Treatments for Androgenetic Alopecia. Indian J Plast Surg 2022; 54:514-520. [PMID: 34984094 PMCID: PMC8719950 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and the role of stem cells are being studied for applications in nearly every field of medicine. The pluripotent nature of stem cells underlies their vast potential for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Several advances in recent years have heightened interest in this field, chief among them are the evolution of simpler techniques to isolate regenerative elements and stems cells. These techniques are easy, outpatient procedures with immediate injection, often single session with harvest, and minimal manipulation (usually physical). This paper seeks to critically review the existing data and determine the current evidence and their role in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataram Mysore
- The Venkat Center for Skin ENT and Plastic Surgery, Bangalore, India
| | - Sajin Alexander
- Department of Dermatology, Sony Memorial Hospital, Erumely, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Lu Q, Gao Y, Fan Z, Xiao X, Chen Y, Si Y, Kong D, Wang S, Liao M, Chen X, Wang X, Chu W. Amphiregulin promotes hair regeneration of skin-derived precursors via the PI3K and MAPK pathways. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13106. [PMID: 34382262 PMCID: PMC8450126 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There are significant clinical challenges associated with alopecia treatment, including poor efficiency of related drugs and insufficient hair follicles (HFs) for transplantation. Skin‐derived precursors (SKPs) exhibit great potential as stem cell‐based therapies for hair regeneration; however, the proliferation and hair‐inducing capacity of SKPs gradually decrease during culturing. Materials and Methods We describe a 3D co‐culture system accompanied by kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes and gene ontology enrichment analyses to determine the key factors and pathways that enhance SKP stemness and verified using alkaline phosphatase assays, Ki‐67 staining, HF reconstitution, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The upregulated genes were confirmed utilizing corresponding recombinant protein or small‐interfering RNA silencing in vitro, as well as the evaluation of telogen‐to‐anagen transition and HF reconstitution in vivo. Results The 3D co‐culture system revealed that epidermal stem cells and adipose‐derived stem cells enhanced SKP proliferation and HF regeneration capacity by amphiregulin (AREG), with the promoted stemness allowing SKPs to gain an earlier telogen‐to‐anagen transition and high‐efficiency HF reconstitution. By contrast, inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways downstream of AREG signalling resulted in diametrically opposite activities. Conclusions By exploiting a 3D co‐culture model, we determined that AREG promoted SKP stemness by enhancing both proliferation and hair‐inducing capacity through the PI3K and MAPK pathways. These findings suggest AREG therapy as a potentially promising approach for treating alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Zhimeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Xiao
- Center of Scientific Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deqiang Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Yonghe Medical Beauty Clinic Limited Company, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijian Liao
- School of basic medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Exploring the Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Alopecia. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-021-00204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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The Effect of Conditioned Media From Human Adipocyte-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Androgenetic Alopecia After Nonablative Fractional Laser Treatment. Dermatol Surg 2021; 46:1698-1704. [PMID: 32769526 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conditioned media from adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned media (ADSC-CM) contains cytokines and growth factors that stimulate hair regeneration. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy and safety of human ADSC-CM treatment on patients who underwent nonablative fractional laser for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty patients who underwent nonablative fractional laser treatment were topically administered either ADSC-CM or placebo solution. As a primary outcome, phototrichograms were taken to measure changes in hair density at each visit. In addition, global improvement scores (GISs) were compared by clinical digital photographs, which were taken at the initial and final visits, and assessed by 2 independent dermatologists. Finally, the investigator's improvement score was measured by questionnaire response during the final visit. RESULTS Hair density comparisons during the treatment period revealed that the ADSC-CM group had significantly higher final densities compared with the placebo group. The GIS of the ADSC-CM group was also significantly higher than the placebo group. Finally, no adverse effects associated with the application of ADSC-CM were noted during the study. CONCLUSION The application of ADSC-CM after nonablative fractional laser treatment accelerated increases in hair density and volume in AGA patients.
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13
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Defining microRNA signatures of hair follicular stem and progenitor cells in healthy and androgenic alopecia patients. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 101:49-57. [PMID: 33183906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact pathogenic mechanism causes hair miniaturization during androgenic alopecia (AGA) has not been delineated. Recent evidence has shown a role for non-coding regulatory RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), in skin and hair disease. There is no reported information about the role of miRNAs in hair epithelial cells of AGA. OBJECTIVES To investigate the roles of miRNAs affecting AGA in normal and patient's epithelial hair cells. METHODS Normal follicular stem and progenitor cells, as well as follicular patient's stem cells, were sorted from hair follicles, and a miRNA q-PCR profiling to compare the expression of 748 miRNA (miRs) in sorted cells were performed. Further, we examined the putative functional implication of the most differentially regulated miRNA (miR-324-3p) in differentiation, proliferation and migration of cultured keratinocytes by qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and scratch assay. To explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-324-3p, we used specific chemical inhibitors targeting pathways influenced by miR-324-3p. RESULT We provide a comprehensive assessment of the "miRNome" of normal and AGA follicular stem and progenitor cells. Differentially regulated miRNA signatures highlight several miRNA candidates including miRNA-324-3p as mis regulated in patient's stem cells. We find that miR-324-3p promotes differentiation and migration of cultured keratinocytes likely through the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of the TGF-β signaling pathway using Alk5i promotes hair shaft elongation in an organ-culture system. CONCLUSION Together, we offer a platform for understanding miRNA dynamic regulation in follicular stem and progenitor cells in baldness and highlight miR-324-3p as a promising target for its treatment.
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14
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Taghiabadi E, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Aghdami N. Maintaining Hair Inductivity in Human Dermal Papilla Cells: A Review of Effective Methods. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 33:280-292. [PMID: 33053562 DOI: 10.1159/000510152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The dermal papilla comprises mesenchymal cells in hair follicles, which play the main role in regulating hair growth. Maintaining the potential hair inductivity of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and dermal sheath cells during cell culture is the main factor in in vitro morphogenesis and regeneration of hair follicles. Using common methods for the cultivation of human dermal papilla reduces the maintenance requirements of the inductive capacity of the dermal papilla and the expression of specific dermal papilla biomarkers. Optimizing culture conditions is therefore crucial for DPCs. Moreover, exosomes appear to play a key role in regulating the hair follicle growth through a paracrine mechanism and provide a functional method for treating hair loss. The present review investigated the biology of DPCs, the molecular and cell signaling mechanisms contributing to hair follicle growth in humans, the properties of the dermal papilla, and the effective techniques in maintaining hair inductivity in DPC cultures in humans as well as hair follicle bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Taghiabadi
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Lim YS, Harland DP, Dawson TL. Wanted, dead and alive: Why a multidisciplinary approach is needed to unlock hair treatment potential. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:517-527. [PMID: 30706973 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human recorded history is littered with attempts to improve the perceived appearance of scalp hair. Throughout history, treatments have included both biological and chemical interventions. Hair "quality" or "perceived appearance" is regulated by multiple biological intervention opportunities: adding more hairs by flipping follicles from telogen to anagen, or delaying anagen follicles transiting into catagen; altering hair "apparent amount" by modulating shaft diameter or shape; or, in principle, altering shaft physical properties changing its synthesis. By far the most common biological intervention strategy today is to increase the number of hairs, but to date this has proven difficult and has yielded minimal benefits. Chemical intervention primarily consists of active material surface deposition to improve shaft shine, fibre-fibre interactions and strength. Real, perceptible benefits will best be achieved by combining opportunity areas across the three primary sciences: biology, chemistry and physics. Shaft biogenesis begins with biology: proliferation in the germinative matrix, then crossing "Auber's Critical Line" and ceasing proliferation to synthesize shaft components. Biogenesis then shifts to oxidative chemistry, where previously synthesized components are organized and cross-linked into a shaft. We herein term the crossing point from biology to chemistry as "The Orwin Threshold." Historically, hair biology and chemistry have been conducted in different fields, with biological manipulation residing in biomedical communities and hair shaft chemistry and physics within the consumer care industry, with minimal cross-fertilization. Detailed understanding of hair shaft biogenesis should enable identification of factors necessary for optimum hair shaft production and new intervention opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shan Lim
- Skin Research Institute Singapore, Singapore
| | - Duane P Harland
- Food and Bio-based Products Group, AgResearch, Crown Research Institute, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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16
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Yuan AR, Bian Q, Gao JQ. Current advances in stem cell-based therapies for hair regeneration. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Sameri S, Samadi P, Dehghan R, Salem E, Fayazi N, Amini R. Stem Cell Aging in Lifespan and Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:362-378. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200213105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is considered as inevitable changes at different levels of genome, cell, and organism.
From the accumulation of DNA damages to imperfect protein homeostasis, altered cellular communication
and exhaustion of stem cells, aging is a major risk factor for many prevalent diseases, such as
cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, diabetes, and neurological disorders. The cells are
dynamic systems, which, through a cycle of processes such as replication, growth, and death, could
replenish the bodies’ organs and tissues, keeping an entire organism in optimal working order. In many
different tissues, adult stem cells are behind these processes, replenishing dying cells to maintain normal
tissue function and regenerating injured tissues. Therefore, adult stem cells play a vital role in preventing
the aging of organs and tissues, and can delay aging. However, during aging, these cells also
undergo some detrimental changes such as alterations in the microenvironment, a decline in the regenerative
capacity, and loss of function. This review aimed to discuss age-related changes of stem cells in
different tissues and cells, including skin, muscles, brain, heart, hair follicles, liver, and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sameri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouria Samadi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Dehghan
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Elham Salem
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nashmin Fayazi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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18
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Ahmadi-Ashtiani HR, Bishe P, Baldisserotto A, Buso P, Manfredini S, Vertuani S. Stem Cells as a Target for the Delivery of Active Molecules to Skin by Topical Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062251. [PMID: 32213974 PMCID: PMC7139485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous stem cells, gained great attention in the field of regenerative medicine as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of skin and hair disorders and various types of skin cancers. Cutaneous stem cells play a key role in several processes like the renovation of skin structures in the condition of homeostasis and after injuries, the hair follicle growth and the reconstruction and production of melanocytes. Thus, gaining effective access to skin stem cells for therapeutic interventions that often involve active molecules with non-favorable characteristics for skin absorption is a valuable achievement. The topical route with high patient compliance and several other benefits is gaining increasing importance in basic and applied research. However, the major obstacle for topical drug delivery is the effective barrier provided by skin against penetration of the vast majority of exogenous molecules. The research in this field is focusing more and more on new strategies to circumvent and pass this barrier effectively. In this article the existing approaches are discussed considering physical and chemical methods along with utilization of novel drug delivery systems to enhance penetration of drugs to the skin. In particular, attention has been paid to studies finalized to the delivery of molecules to cutaneous stem cells with the aim of transferring signals, modulating their metabolic program, inducing physiological modifications and stem cell gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Ahmadi-Ashtiani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 194193311, Iran;
- Cosmetic, Hygienic and Detergent Sciences and Technology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 19419311, Iran
- Correspondence: (H.-R.A.-A.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-21-226400515 (H.-R.A.-A.); +39-0532-455258 (A.B.)
| | - Parisa Bishe
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 194193311, Iran;
- Cosmetic, Hygienic and Detergent Sciences and Technology Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 19419311, Iran
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, Master Course in Cosmetic Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.B.); (S.M.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: (H.-R.A.-A.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-21-226400515 (H.-R.A.-A.); +39-0532-455258 (A.B.)
| | - Piergiacomo Buso
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, Master Course in Cosmetic Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.B.); (S.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, Master Course in Cosmetic Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.B.); (S.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, Master Course in Cosmetic Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.B.); (S.M.); (S.V.)
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19
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Gentile P, Garcovich S. Advances in Regenerative Stem Cell Therapy in Androgenic Alopecia and Hair Loss: Wnt pathway, Growth-Factor, and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Signaling Impact Analysis on Cell Growth and Hair Follicle Development. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050466. [PMID: 31100937 PMCID: PMC6562814 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells has been reported to improve hair regrowth in several therapeutic strategies, including reversing the pathological mechanisms, that contribute to hair loss, regeneration of hair follicles, or creating hair using the tissue-engineering approach. Although various promising stem cell approaches are progressing via pre-clinical models to clinical trials, intraoperative stem cell treatments with a one-step procedure offer a quicker result by incorporating an autologous cell source without manipulation, which may be injected by surgeons through a well-established clinical practice. Many authors have concentrated on adipose-derived stromal vascular cells due to their ability to separate into numerous cell genealogies, platelet-rich plasma for its ability to enhance cell multiplication and neo-angiogenesis, as well as human follicle mesenchymal stem cells. In this paper, the significant improvements in intraoperative stem cell approaches, from in vivo models to clinical investigations, are reviewed. The potential regenerative instruments and functions of various cell populaces in the hair regrowth process are discussed. The addition of Wnt signaling in dermal papilla cells is considered a key factor in stimulating hair growth. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived signaling and growth factors obtained by platelets influence hair growth through cellular proliferation to prolong the anagen phase (FGF-7), induce cell growth (ERK activation), stimulate hair follicle development (β-catenin), and suppress apoptotic cues (Bcl-2 release and Akt activation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gentile
- Surgical Science Department, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Garcovich
- Institute of Dermatology, F. Policlinico Gemelli IRCSS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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20
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Xiao S, Wang J, Chen Q, Miao Y, Hu Z. The mechanism of activated platelet‐rich plasma supernatant promotion of hair growth by cultured dermal papilla cells. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1711-1716. [PMID: 30884113 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shune Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
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21
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Nilforoushzadeh MA, Zare M, Zarrintaj P, Alizadeh E, Taghiabadi E, Heidari-Kharaji M, Amirkhani MA, Saeb MR, Mozafari M. Engineering the niche for hair regeneration - A critical review. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 15:70-85. [PMID: 30201489 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in hair follicle regeneration and alopecia treatment necessitates revisiting the concepts and approaches. In this sense, there is a need for shedding light on the clinical and surgical therapies benefitting from nanobiomedicine. From this perspective, this review attempts to recognize requirements upon which new hair therapies are grounded; to underline shortcomings and opportunities associated with recent advanced strategies for hair regeneration; and most critically to look over hair regeneration from nanomaterials and pluripotent stem cell standpoint. It is noteworthy that nanotechnology is able to illuminate a novel path for reprogramming cells and controlled differentiation to achieve the desired performance. Undoubtedly, this strategy needs further advancement and a lot of critical questions have yet to be answered. Herein, we introduce the salient features, the hurdles that must be overcome, the hopes, and practical constraints to engineer stem cell niches for hair follicle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrak Zare
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Taghiabadi
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Kruszewska A, Banasiak Ł, Placek W, Maksymowicz W, Wojtkiewicz J. Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Follicle Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1049641. [PMID: 30154860 PMCID: PMC6098866 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1049641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia is caused by a variety of factors which affect the hair cycle and decrease stem cell activity and hair follicle regeneration capability. This process causes lower self-acceptance, which may result in depression and anxiety. However, an early onset of androgenic alopecia is associated with an increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome and an increased risk of the cardiac ischaemic disease. The ubiquity of alopecia provides an encouragement to seek new, more effective therapies aimed at hair follicle regeneration and neoregeneration. We know that stem cells can be used to regenerate hair in several therapeutic strategies: reversing the pathological mechanisms which contribute to hair loss, regeneration of complete hair follicles from their parts, and neogenesis of hair follicles from a stem cell culture with isolated cells or tissue engineering. Hair transplant has become a conventional treatment technique in androgenic alopecia (micrografts). Although an autologous transplant is regarded as the gold standard, its usability is limited, because of both a limited amount of material and a reduced viability of cells obtained in this way. The new therapeutic options are adipose-derived stem cells and stem cells from Wharton's jelly. They seem an ideal cell population for use in regenerative medicine because of the absence of immunogenic properties and their ease of obtainment, multipotential character, ease of differentiating into various cell lines, and considerable potential for angiogenesis. In this article, we presented advantages and limitations of using these types of cells in alopecia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Anna Kruszewska
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Łukasz Banasiak
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Toruń, Poland
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Maksymowicz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Foundation for Nerve Cell Regeneration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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