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Lin PH, Kuo LT, Luh HT. The Roles of Neurotrophins in Traumatic Brain Injury. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:life12010026. [PMID: 35054419 PMCID: PMC8780368 DOI: 10.3390/life12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a collection of structurally and functionally related proteins. They play important roles in many aspects of neural development, survival, and plasticity. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to different levels of central nervous tissue destruction and cellular repair through various compensatory mechanisms promoted by the injured brain. Many studies have shown that neurotrophins are key modulators of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, blood–brain barrier permeability, memory capacity, and neurite regeneration. The expression of neurotrophins following TBI is affected by the severity of injury, genetic polymorphism, and different post-traumatic time points. Emerging research is focused on the potential therapeutic applications of neurotrophins in managing TBI. We conducted a comprehensive review by organizing the studies that demonstrate the role of neurotrophins in the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hung Lin
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Ting Kuo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Tzung Luh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-956279587
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Barretto TA, Park E, Telliyan T, Liu E, Gallagher D, Librach C, Baker A. Vascular Dysfunction after Modeled Traumatic Brain Injury Is Preserved with Administration of Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Is Associated with Modulation of the Angiogenic Response. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:2747-2762. [PMID: 33899499 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction arising from blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can adversely affect neuronal health and behavioral outcome. Pericytes and endothelial cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU) function collectively to maintain strict regulation of the BBB through tight junctions. Secondary injury mechanisms, such as pro-angiogenic signals that contribute to pericyte loss, can prolong and exacerbate primary vascular injury. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) are a source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) that have been shown to reduce vascular dysfunction after neurotrauma. We hypothesized that the perivascular properties of HUCPVCs can reduce vascular dysfunction after modeled TBI by preserving the pericyte-endothelial interactions. Rats were subjected to a moderate fluid percussion injury (FPI) and intravenously infused with 1,500,000 HUCPVCs post-injury. At acute time points (24 h and 48 h) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that the gene expression of angiopoietin-2 was increased with FPI and reduced with HUCPVCs. Immunofluorescent assessment of RECA-1 (endothelial cells) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFR-β) (pericytes) revealed that capillary and pericyte densities as well as the co-localization of the two cells were decreased with FPI and preserved with HUCPVC administration. These acute HUCPVC-mediated protective effects were associated with less permeability to Evan's blue dye and increased expression of the tight junction occludin, suggesting less vascular leakage. Further, at 4 weeks post-injury, HUCPVC administration was associated with reduced anxiety and decreased β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) accumulation. In summary, HUCPVCs promoted pericyte-endothelial barrier function that was associated with improved long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya A Barretto
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michaels's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eugene Park
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michaels's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamar Telliyan
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michaels's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Liu
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michaels's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Clifford Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Baker
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michaels's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Critical Care, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zohni K, Lopez L, Mander P, Szaraz P, Filice M, Wyse BA, Garcia M, Gat I, Glass K, Gauthier-Fisher A, Librach CL. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells maintain regenerative traits following exposure to cyclophosphamide. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:133-146. [PMID: 33387641 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapies can cause germ cell depletion and gonadal failure. When injected post-chemotherapy, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from various sources have been shown to have regenerative effects in rodent models of chemotherapy-induced gonadal injury. Here, we evaluated two properties of a novel source of MSC, first trimester (FTM) human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) (with increased regenerative potential compared to older sources), that may render them a promising candidate for chemotherapeutic gonadal injury prevention. Firstly, their ability to resist the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide (CTX) in vitro, as compared to term HUCPVCs and bone marrow cells (BMSCs); and secondly, whether they prevent gonadal dysfunction if delivered prior to gonadotoxic therapy in vivo. BMSC, FTM HUCPVC, term HUCPVC, and control NTERA2 cells were treated with moderate (150 μmol/L) and high (300 μmol/L) doses of CTX in vitro. Viability, proliferative capacity, mesenchymal cell lineage markers and differentiation capacity, immunogenicity, and paracrine gene expression were assessed. CTX was administered to Wistar rats 2 days following an intra-ovarian injection of FTM HUCPVC. HUCPVC survival and ovarian follicle numbers were assessed using histological methods. We conclude that FTM HUCPVC maintain key regenerative properties following chemotherapy exposure and that pre-treatment with these cells may prevent CTX-induced ovarian damage in vivo. Therefore, HUCPVCs are promising candidates for fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Zohni
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Heartland Fertility and Gynecology Clinic, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lianet Lopez
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Peter Szaraz
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Itai Gat
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Affiliated to Sackler Medical School, University of Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Karen Glass
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Gynecology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Liu XYE, Park E, Barretto T, Liu E, Ferrier GA, Tavakkoli J, J Baker A. Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular Cell-Conditioned Media in an Adult Zebrafish Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Zebrafish 2020; 17:177-186. [PMID: 32434437 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological events of secondary brain injury contribute to poor outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The neuroprotective effects of mesenchymal cells have been extensively studied and evidence suggests that their effects are mostly mediated through paracrine effects. Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) are mesenchymal stem cells with potential therapeutic value in TBI. In this study, we assessed the effect of HUCPVC-conditioned media (CM) in an established adult zebrafish model of TBI induced by pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU). This model demonstrates similarities to mammalian outcome after TBI. Administration of HUCPVC-CM 1 h postinjury (hpi) resulted in improved outcome after pHIFU-induced TBI. Western blot and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the HUCPVC-CM reduced (p < 0.05) reactive astrogliosis at 24 hpi. Moreover, at 24 hpi, the HUCPVC-CM treatment resulted in reduced apoptosis in HUCPVC-CM-treated zebrafish. Behavioral analysis demonstrated improvement in locomotor activity (p < 0.05) and anxiety (p < 0.05) at 6 and 24 hpi following HUCPVC-CM treatment. Overall, HUCPVC-CM treatment improved acute outcome measures in pHIFU-injured zebrafish. Collectively, the data demonstrate a cell-free treatment approach for traumatic brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugene Park
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tanya Barretto
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elaine Liu
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jahan Tavakkoli
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew J Baker
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Critical Care and Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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