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Wauquier F, Boutin-Wittrant L, Krisa S, Valls J, Langhi C, Otero YF, Sirvent P, Peltier S, Bargetto M, Cazaubiel M, Sapone V, Bouchard-Mercier A, Roux V, Macian N, Pickering G, Wittrant Y. Circulating Human Metabolites Resulting from TOTUM-070 Absorption (a Plant-Based, Polyphenol-Rich Ingredient) Improve Lipid Metabolism in Human Hepatocytes: Lessons from an Original Ex Vivo Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081903. [PMID: 37111121 PMCID: PMC10145174 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TOTUM-070 is a patented polyphenol-rich blend of five different plant extracts showing separately a latent effect on lipid metabolism and potential synergistic properties. In this study, we investigated the health benefit of such a formula. Using a preclinical model of high fat diet, TOTUM-070 (3 g/kg of body weight) limited the HFD-induced hyperlipemia with a reduction in triglyceride (-32% after 6 weeks; -20.3% after 12 weeks) and non-HDL cholesterol levels (-21% after 6 weeks; -38.4% after 12 weeks). To further investigate such a benefit and its underlying mechanisms in humans, we designed an ex vivo clinical approach to collect the circulating bioactives resulting from TOTUM-070 ingestion and to determine their biological activities on human hepatocytes. Human serum was obtained from healthy subjects before and after intake of TOTUM-070 (4995 mg). The presence of circulating metabolites was assessed by UPLC-MS/MS. Serum containing metabolites was further incubated with hepatocytes cultured in a lipotoxic environment (palmitate, 250 µM). RNA sequencing analyses show that lipid metabolism was one of the most impacted processes. Using histologic, proteomic, and enzymatic assays, the effects of human TOTUM-070 bioactives on hepatocyte metabolism were characterized by (1) the inhibition of lipid storage, including both (2) triglycerides (-41%, p < 0.001) and (3) cholesterol (-50%, p < 0.001) intracellular content, (4) a reduced de novo cholesterol synthesis (HMG-CoA reductase activity -44%, p < 0.001), and (5) a lowered fatty acid synthase protein level (p < 0.001). Altogether, these data support the beneficial impact of TOTUM-070 on lipid metabolism and provide new biochemical insights in human mechanisms occurring in liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Wauquier
- Clinic'n'Cell SAS, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Line Boutin-Wittrant
- Clinic'n'Cell SAS, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphanie Krisa
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, University of Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Josep Valls
- Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, OENO, UMR 1366, University of Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome, MetaboHUB, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Véronique Roux
- CIC INSERM 1405, Plateforme d'Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Macian
- CIC INSERM 1405, Plateforme d'Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- CIC INSERM 1405, Plateforme d'Investigation Clinique CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- INRAE, UMR 1019, UNH, 63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clermont Auvergne University, UMR1019 of Human Nutrition, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Parsamanesh N, Kooshkaki O, Siami H, Santos RD, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Gene and cell therapy approaches for familial hypercholesterolemia: An update. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103470. [PMID: 36572377 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal codominant hereditary illness marked by the heightened risk of early atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and high blood levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). FH patients can have homozygous or heterozygous variants. This condition has been linked to variations in the genes for the LDL receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B, proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9), and LDLR adaptor protein 1. Drugs such as statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors are currently widely available, allowing for the theoretical normalization of plasma LDL-C levels mostly in patients with heterozygous FH. However, homozygous FH patients usually have a poor response to traditional lipid-lowering therapy and may have a poor prognosis at a young age. LDL apheresis and novel pharmacological therapies such as microsomal transfer protein inhibitors or anti-angiopoietin-like protein 3 monoclonal antibodies are extremely expensive and unavailable in most regions of the world. Therefore, the unmet need persists for these patients. In this review, we discuss the numerous gene delivery, gene editing, and stem cell manipulation techniques used in this study to correct FH-causing LDLR gene variations in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. Finally, we looked at a variety of studies that corrected genetic defects that caused FH using the ground-breaking clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Parsamanesh
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Omid Kooshkaki
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Haleh Siami
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Inui J, Ueyama-Toba Y, Mitani S, Mizuguchi H. Development of a method of passaging and freezing human iPS cell-derived hepatocytes to improve their functions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285783. [PMID: 37200286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are expected to replace primary human hepatocytes as a new source of functional hepatocytes in various medical applications. However, the hepatic functions of HLCs are still low and it takes a long time to differentiate them from human iPS cells. Furthermore, HLCs have very low proliferative capacity and are difficult to be passaged due to loss of hepatic functions after reseeding. To overcome these problems, we attempted to develop a technology to dissociate, cryopreserve, and reseed HLCs in this study. By adding epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitors and optimizing the cell dissociation time, we have developed a method for passaging HLCs without loss of their functions. After passage, HLCs showed a hepatocyte-like polygonal cell morphology and expressed major hepatocyte marker proteins such as albumin and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). In addition, the HLCs had low-density lipoprotein uptake and glycogen storage capacity. The HLCs also showed higher CYP3A4 activity and increased gene expression levels of major hepatocyte markers after passage compared to before passage. Finally, they maintained their functions even after their cryopreservation and re-culture. By applying this technology, it will be possible to provide ready-to-use availability of cryopreserved HLCs for drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Inui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukiko Ueyama-Toba
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Organoid for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Mitani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Organoid for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Blaszkiewicz J, Duncan SA. Advancements in Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery Using iPSC-Derived Hepatocyte-like Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:573. [PMID: 35456379 PMCID: PMC9030659 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serving as the metabolic hub of the human body, the liver is a vital organ that performs a variety of important physiological functions. Although known for its regenerative potential, it remains vulnerable to a variety of diseases. Despite decades of research, liver disease remains a leading cause of mortality in the United States with a multibillion-dollar-per-year economic burden. Prior research with model systems, such as primary hepatocytes and murine models, has provided many important discoveries. However, progress has been impaired by numerous obstacles associated with these models. In recent years, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based systems have emerged as advantageous platforms for studying liver disease. Benefits, including preserved differentiation and physiological function, amenability to genetic manipulation via tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, and availability for high-throughput screening, make these systems increasingly attractive for both mechanistic studies of disease and the identification of novel therapeutics. Although limitations exist, recent studies have made progress in ameliorating these issues. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in iPSC-based models of liver disease, including improvements in model system construction as well as the use of high-throughput screens for genetic studies and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen A. Duncan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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Tricot T, Verfaillie CM, Kumar M. Current Status and Challenges of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Liver Models in Drug Discovery. Cells 2022; 11:442. [PMID: 35159250 PMCID: PMC8834601 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry is in high need of efficient and relevant in vitro liver models, which can be incorporated in their drug discovery pipelines to identify potential drugs and their toxicity profiles. Current liver models often rely on cancer cell lines or primary cells, which both have major limitations. However, the development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has created a new opportunity for liver disease modeling, drug discovery and liver toxicity research. hiPSCs can be differentiated to any cell of interest, which makes them good candidates for disease modeling and drug discovery. Moreover, hiPSCs, unlike primary cells, can be easily genome-edited, allowing the creation of reporter lines or isogenic controls for patient-derived hiPSCs. Unfortunately, even though liver progeny from hiPSCs has characteristics similar to their in vivo counterparts, the differentiation of iPSCs to fully mature progeny remains highly challenging and is a major obstacle for the full exploitation of these models by pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we discuss current liver-cell differentiation protocols and in vitro iPSC-based liver models that could be used for disease modeling and drug discovery. Furthermore, we will discuss the challenges that still need to be overcome to allow for the successful implementation of these models into pharmaceutical drug discovery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.T.); (C.M.V.)
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Xie Y, Yao J, Jin W, Ren L, Li X. Induction and Maturation of Hepatocyte-Like Cells In Vitro: Focus on Technological Advances and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765980. [PMID: 34901010 PMCID: PMC8662991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited by the poor proliferation and restricted sources of adult hepatocytes, there is an urgent need to find substitutes for proliferation and cultivation of mature hepatocytes in vitro for use in disease treatment, drug approval, and toxicity testing. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), which originate from undifferentiated stem cells or modified adult cells, are considered good candidates because of their advantages in terms of cell source and in vitro expansion ability. However, the majority of induced HLCs are in an immature state, and their degree of differentiation is heterogeneous, diminishing their usability in basic research and limiting their clinical application. Therefore, various methods have been developed to promote the maturation of HLCs, including chemical approaches, alteration of cell culture systems, and genetic manipulation, to meet the needs of in vivo transplantation and in vitro model establishment. This review proposes different cell types for the induction of HLCs, and provide a comprehensive overview of various techniques to promote the generation and maturation of HLCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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7
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Nikasa P, Rabbani B, Hejazi MS, Firouzi A, Baharvand H, Totonchi M, Mahdieh N. A case of autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia with a novel mutation in the LDLRAP1 gene. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2021; 30:201-204. [PMID: 34629743 PMCID: PMC8481080 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.30.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Nikasa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Rabbani
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Hejazi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Firouzi
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nejat Mahdieh
- Growth and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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