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Davoodi L, Soleymani E, Oladi Z, Azar SS, Parandin F, Mizani A, Mirbadie SR, Hajizadeh F, Fakhar M. Vulvovaginitis due to Enterobius vermicularis in a girl and epidemic enterobiasis in her family. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e8902. [PMID: 38725928 PMCID: PMC11079541 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Here we present a case of a 4-year-old girl who suffered from vulvovaginitis caused by Enterobius vermicularis. All members of her family were also infected by this helminth. Treatment with mebendazole was administered to all family members and it was found that the entire family had been cured. Abstract Vulvovaginitis, an inflammation of the vulvovaginal mucous membranes, is a common reason for pediatric gynecology consultations. One of the causes of this condition is a parasitic worm known as Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis). In girls, adult worms can infiltrate the vagina and release eggs, leading to the development of vulvovaginitis. Furthermore, these worms have the ability to invade the endometrial cavity too. Here we present a case of a 4-year-old girl who suffered from vulvovaginitis caused by E. vermicularis. All members of her family were also infected by this parasitic helminth. In the vaginal sample, apart from the eggs, the female adult worm was observed under the microscope. Treatment with mebendazole was administered to all family members, and their progress was followed for a period of 3 weeks, during which it was found that the entire family had been cured. This patient experienced significant improvement in symptoms related to severe anxiety, nervousness, vaginal inflammation, itching, and vulvovaginitis caused by E. vermicularis. To prevent infection by E. vermicularis, it is crucial to disinfect underwear and bed sheets. In kindergartens, the spread of this parasite should not be underestimated, and asymptomatic individuals who have been exposed to infected persons should receive treatment to prevent an epidemic. Maintaining cleanliness and hygiene, especially after using the toilet, is of the most importance, particularly for girls who are more susceptible to E. vermicularis infection. Additionally, it is essential for all family members to be aware of the transmission routes of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfollah Davoodi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of MedicineAntimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Eissa Soleymani
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research CenterCommunicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Ziaeddin Oladi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Shadi Shayesteh Azar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of MedicineAntimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Fatemeh Parandin
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Azadeh Mizani
- Department of ParasitologyPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | | | - Fatemeh Hajizadeh
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research CenterCommunicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Iranian National Registry Centre for Lophomoniasis and ToxoplasmosisImam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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Takač I, Kavalar R, Lovrec MR, Lovrec VG. Concomitant ectopic Enterobius vermicularis infection in uterine cervical cancer. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:265. [PMID: 38678281 PMCID: PMC11055370 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis), also referred to as pinworm, is a widespread human intestinal parasite which predominantly occurs in young children, making their caretakers a population at risk for the transmission of this helminth. It can occasionally affect extraintestinal organs and tissues, including the female genital tract. Infestation can be asymptomatic or manifest as different kinds of gynaecological disorders, such as pelvic inflammation mimicking tumours, abnormal uterine bleeding, or vaginitis. Diagnosis is made by identifying ova in the sample collected from the perineal skin using a transparent adhesive tape or microscopic examination of resected tissue. Mebendazole is the first-line medication and should also be administered to all household members. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a patient who had undergone surgery for invasive cervical cancer with an accidental finding of E. vermicularis eggs in the cervix. CONCLUSIONS Although not very common, infestation with E. vermicularis should be considered in differential diagnoses of various gynaecological disorders accompanied by histological findings of granulomatous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iztok Takač
- Division for Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ul. 5, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Rajko Kavalar
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Matija Rudolf Lovrec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia
| | - Vida Gavrić Lovrec
- Division for Gynecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ul. 5, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, 2000, Slovenia.
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Kaseki H, Ichikawa M, Toyoshima M, Matsuda S, Nakao K, Watanabe K, Ono S, Takeshita T, Akira S, Suzuki S. Risk factors for abscess development in patients with endometrioma who present with an acute abdomen. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2023; 12:26-31. [PMID: 37025436 PMCID: PMC10071873 DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_36_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the potential risk factors for abscess development in patients with endometrioma who present with an acute abdomen. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 51 patients who underwent emergency surgery for acute abdomen involving an endometrioma at our hospital between April 2011 and August 2021. The patients were divided into an infected group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 29). We analyzed patient characteristics; imaging findings; clinical data, including bacterial cultures; and perioperative outcomes to assess for differences between groups. Results Patients in the infected group were significantly older than those in the control group (P = 0.03). They were more likely to have a history of endometriosis surgery (P = 0.04) and more likely to have undergone transvaginal manipulation within 3 months of presentation (P = 0.01). Body temperature on the day of admission was significantly higher in the infected group (P = 0.007), as were C-reactive protein levels on the day of admission and before surgery (P < 0.001; P = 0.018) and the white blood cell count on the day of admission (P = 0.016). Preoperative imaging showed significant thickening of the tumor wall (P < 0.001) and an enhanced contrast effect (P < 0.001) in the infected group. Conclusion We identified several factors that suggest abscess in patients with an acute abdomen who have a complication of pathologically confirmed endometriosis. A recent vaginal procedure is a particular risk factor for abscess development in patients with endometriomas.
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Marcinkowski KA, Mehta V, Mercier R, Berghella V. Pelvic inflammatory disease in pregnancy: a systematic review focusing on perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022; 4:100643. [PMID: 35405372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pelvic inflammatory disease during pregnancy is a rare and an understudied occurrence with potential negative outcomes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of pregnant women with pelvic inflammatory disease with or without pelvic abscesses. DATA SOURCES We performed a systematic review of the literature using Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and PubMed (including Cochrane) with no time limitations. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Relevant studies on pelvic inflammatory disease during pregnancy were identified and considered eligible if they described at least 1 case of pelvic inflammatory disease after conception, defined as infection in one or more of the following: uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries; based on clinical findings, physical examination, and imaging with or without pelvic abscesses present. Only studies on pelvic inflammatory disease with or without tubo-ovarian abscesses during pregnancy that evaluated perinatal outcomes were included. Data on the risk factors, delivery methods, and maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes were collected. METHODS Reviewers screened all relevant titles using the inclusion/exclusion criteria and selected relevant articles for appraisal. A total of 49 cases with reported pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic abscesses, or both were included. RESULTS After exclusion of articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 34 manuscripts describing the occurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease in 49 pregnancies were analyzed, focusing primarily on cases reported after 1971. The mean age of patients was 25±6.3 years, the mean gestational age at diagnosis was 19.0±10.3 weeks, and 67.6% of patients were multiparous. Of all included patients, 27 (62.8%) underwent exploratory laparotomies, 14 (32.6%) underwent unilateral salpingo-oophorectomies, and 11 (25.6%) underwent appendectomies. Of all the deliveries, 13 (50%) pregnancies were full term, 14 (53.8%) were cesarean deliveries, 10 (38.5%) were spontaneous vaginal deliveries, and 2 (7.7%) were cesarean hysterectomies. There were 26 (60.5%) cases of viable births (mean gestational age at delivery, 33.8±5.1 weeks) and 17 (39.5%) cases of nonviable births. Sepsis was a complication in 3 (7.0%) cases and caused 3 neonatal deaths. CONCLUSION Although rare, pelvic inflammatory disease can have severe health consequences. Risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease development include maternal pelvic structural anomalies, a history of sexually transmitted infections, recent pelvic surgery, and in vitro fertilization or oocyte retrieval. Pelvic inflammatory disease can coincide with pregnancy and can occur in the second trimester. Making a prompt diagnosis can help to improve the outcomes; therefore, if a high enough suspicion exists, treatment should not be delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina A Marcinkowski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Marcinkowski and R Mercier)
| | - Vaishali Mehta
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Ms Mehta)
| | - Rebecca Mercier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Drs Marcinkowski and R Mercier)
| | - Vincenzo Berghella
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Dr Berghella).
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Rivero MR, De Angelo C, Feliziani C, Liang S, Tiranti K, Salas MM, Salomon OD. Enterobiasis and its risk factors in urban, rural and indigenous children of subtropical Argentina. Parasitology 2022; 149:396-406. [PMID: 35264264 PMCID: PMC11010470 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection and its associated factors among the child population of infant, preschool and school age in the urban, rural and indigenous population of Iguazú city, in subtropical Argentina was presented. Additionally, the status of enterobiasis at country level was reviewed and analysed. Enterobius vermicularis presence was assessed employing an oviscopic serial sampling technique. Statistical analysis of socio-demographic determinants was performed by generalized linear mixed models at individual, household and community levels. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used to gather national information about E. vermicularis prevalence spanning the decade 2010–2020. A total of 916 children from 470 families participated. Overall prevalence was 29.8%, with 25.3, 30.7 and 34.2% detected for children inhabiting urban, rural and indigenous villages, respectively. The multi-level analysis showed that the presence of E. vermicularis was mostly determined by individual (e.g. age, playing habits, previous pinworm infection) and household-level factors (e.g. family size, overcrowding conditions). Interestingly, WASH variables, such as waste disposal, analysed at community level were also important. Data were analysed to provide eco-epidemiological features of enterobiasis in a heterogeneous subtropical child population in the same territory but with different socio-sanitary realities. The importance of promoting multi-level actions against the determinants identified, to control this public health problem integratively was evidenced. The scoping review of national data updated the state of knowledge of this parasitosis, identifying risk determinants and gaps in knowledge at country level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Romina Rivero
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, INMeT, Neuquén y Jujuy s/n., Puerto Iguazú, Misiones3370, Argentina
- Instituto de Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS-CONCIET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba5800, Argentina
| | - Carlos De Angelo
- Assoc. Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA), Bertoni 85, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones3370, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente (ICBIA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba5800, Argentina
| | - Constanza Feliziani
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONCIET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Friuli 2434, Córdoba5000, Argentina
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
| | - Karina Tiranti
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba5800, Argentina
| | - Martin Miguel Salas
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, INMeT, Neuquén y Jujuy s/n., Puerto Iguazú, Misiones3370, Argentina
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomon
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, INMeT, Neuquén y Jujuy s/n., Puerto Iguazú, Misiones3370, Argentina
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Infections Are a Very Dangerous Affair: Enterobiasis and Death. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121641. [PMID: 34946367 PMCID: PMC8701381 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterobiasis or oxyuriasis from Enterobius vermicularis is an infection usually localized in the large bowel and cecum. Generally, the symptoms are characterized by anal itching, and intestinal or nervous disorders. Rarely, it is responsible for death. METHODS A forensic autopsy of a 52-year-old white male inmate who died 5 days after hospitalization was performed. Histological and toxicological analyses were also performed. RESULTS The death occurred by localization of Enterobius vermicularis in the duodenum and in the proximal ileum, with intestinal haemorrhage, inflammation, and peritonitis documented by histological examination. CONCLUSION This is a common infectious disease, and can rarely occur with a fatal outcome, even in advanced populations. The lack of knowledge related to the rarity of death from enterobiasis disease can determine a dangerous concern.
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Croonen B, Oei A, Mol S, Schneeberger P. Peritoneal lesions caused by Enterobius vermicularis suspected to be metastases of ovarian malignancy. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/7/e238618. [PMID: 34244195 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobius vermicularis, also known as pinworm, is a helminth that commonly causes intestinal parasitic infestation. E. vermicularis can also cause extraintestinal infestations. We report a case of lower abdominal pain and intermittent vaginal bleeding in a 45-year-old woman who was referred to our gynaecology department. On investigation, a transvaginal ultrasound showed a multilocular cyst in the left ovary, along with elevated levels of cancer antigen 125. Consequently, a laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. A biopsy of atypical peritoneal lesions revealed remains of E. vermicularis Peritoneal lesions are a rare complication of enterobiasis, and the diagnosis of this complication is usually delayed by limitations in diagnostic options. Although extraintestinal enterobiasis does not require treatment because it is the last stage of the parasitic cycle, primary intestinal infestation requires treatment with mebendazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Croonen
- Gynecology and obstetrics, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, The Netherlands
| | - Angèle Oei
- Gynecology and obstetrics, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Mol
- Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Kim YA, Chun KC, Koh JW, Song HS, Kim HS. How to approach the rupture of tubo-ovarian abscess during pregnancy: A case report and literature review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 47:1199-1203. [PMID: 33522055 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a 26-year-old multiparous woman who experienced rupture of a tubo-ovarian abscess during the second trimester of pregnancy. She presented with epigastric and right lower quadrant pain at 12 + 0 weeks' gestation. There were no other specific findings on the magnetic resonance imaging images. We recommended hospitalization to observe the changes in pain, but she refused confinement. About 3 weeks later, she revisited our emergency room at 15 + 4 weeks' gestation. She complained of worsening abdominal pain with fever. She underwent right salpingo-oophorectomy and appendectomy due to uncontrollable, severe abdominal pain without any obstetric abnormal condition. There was a rupture site in the right adnexa, which was covered with pus. The rupture of tubo-ovarian abscess during pregnancy is very rare. Therefore, obstetricians should carefully monitor the adnexal masses observed during pregnancy, which should be treated with caution, whether or not the patient is symptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ah Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chul Chun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jae Whoan Koh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyoun Suk Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
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Handa S, Moharana B, Jha V, Sharma S, Singh M, Gupta P. Enterobious vermicularis induced infectious keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 67:1738-1740. [PMID: 31546547 PMCID: PMC6786233 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_336_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A 28-year-old man with a prior history of penetrating keratoplasty in the left eye for total corneal melt presented with a 3-day history of a red, painful left eye. On examination, he was found to have graft infiltrates. Microscopic examination of wet mount preparation of corneal scrapings revealed the presence of embryonated eggs of E. vermicularis. Cellophane (scotch) tape preparation from perianal region also revealed embryonated eggs of E. vermicularis as well as live adult worms. Ocular and adnexal involvement by E. vermicularis is extremely rare. Here, we report the first case of infection of a corneal graft with E. vermicularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabia Handa
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bruttendu Moharana
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Jha
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suryaprakash Sharma
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Dezsényi B, Sárközi L, Kaiser L, Tárkányi K, Nikolova R, Belics Z. Gynecological and obstetrical aspects of Enterobius vermicularis infection. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2018; 65:459-465. [PMID: 29552897 DOI: 10.1556/030.65.2018.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enterobiasis is an easily recognizable and treatable disease with higher incidence among children. Based on these facts, its clinical importance is usually underestimated. This infection also occurs during adulthood and without treatment, it can cause severe complications in some rare cases. Unnoticed subclinical infection in women can lead to infertility and even to life-threatening conditions. It is also emphasized in this paper that the treatment of identified enterobiasis during pregnancy needs caution. After reviewing the current scientific literature, two gynecological cases are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Dezsényi
- 1 Department of Infectology, Joint Hospital of Saint Stephen and Saint Ladislau, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Sárközi
- 2 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jahn Ferenc South Pest Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kaiser
- 3 Department of Pathology, Jahn Ferenc South Pest Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klára Tárkányi
- 4 Laboratory of Microbiology, Joint Hospital of Saint Stephen and Saint Ladislau, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Radka Nikolova
- 4 Laboratory of Microbiology, Joint Hospital of Saint Stephen and Saint Ladislau, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zorán Belics
- 2 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jahn Ferenc South Pest Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
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Tsai CY, Junod R, Jacot-Guillarmod M, Beniere C, Ziadi S, Bongiovanni M. VaginalEnterobius vermicularisdiagnosed on liquid-based cytology during Papanicolaou test cervical cancer screening: A report of two cases and a review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 46:179-186. [DOI: 10.1002/dc.23812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Tsai
- Service of Clinical Pathology; Lausanne University Hospital, Institute of Pathology; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rachel Junod
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Lausanne University Hospital; Switzerland
| | | | - Charles Beniere
- Service of Clinical Pathology; Lausanne University Hospital, Institute of Pathology; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sonia Ziadi
- Service of Clinical Pathology; Lausanne University Hospital, Institute of Pathology; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Massimo Bongiovanni
- Service of Clinical Pathology; Lausanne University Hospital, Institute of Pathology; Lausanne Switzerland
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Han C, Wang C, Liu XJ, Geng N, Wang YM, Fan AP, Yuan BB, Xue FX. In vitro fertilization complicated by rupture of tubo-ovarian abscess during pregnancy. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 54:612-6. [PMID: 26522121 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pelvic abscess during pregnancy is an uncommon complication, but can lead to adverse perinatal outcomes during pregnancy. CASE REPORT We present a patient who developed rupture of a tubo-ovarian abscess during pregnancy following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Thirty-eight reported cases are reviewed, and transvaginal oocyte retrieval, genital tract infections, endometrioma, and previous pelvic surgery are considered as risk factors for pelvic abscess during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Prolonging gestational duration when an infection situation is allowed is the principle of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cha Han
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nv Geng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-Mei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ai-Ping Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bi-Bo Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng-Xia Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Raju K, Verappa S, Venkataramappa SM. Enterobius vermicularis infestation masquerading as cervical carcinoma: A cytological diagnosis. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6:476-9. [PMID: 26283859 PMCID: PMC4518439 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.160047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis (EV) infestation in Intestines ranges from 35% to 70%, its prevalence in female genital tract is not known despite several incidental findings. Acute inflammatory cells in the background of cervical Pap smear indicate infestation and should not be neglected as contamination. A 40-year-woman presented with white vaginal discharge persistent for past 1 year. Local examination showed hypertrophied cervix with eversion of both lips and hard consistency of the anterior lip of cervix. A clinical diagnosis of cervical carcinoma was made. However, cervical Pap smear indicated EV eggs in an inflammatory background, treatment to which resulted in completely recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Raju
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Verappa
- Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Enterobius vermicularis salpingitis seen in the setting of ectopic pregnancy in a Malaysian patient. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3468-70. [PMID: 24989613 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01191-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare and unusual case of invasive Enterobius vermicularis infection in a fallopian tube. The patient was a 23-year-old Malaysian woman who presented with suprapubic pain and vaginal bleeding. A clinical diagnosis of ruptured right ovarian ectopic pregnancy was made. She underwent a laparotomy with a right salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathological examination of the right fallopian tube showed eggs and adult remnants of E. vermicularis, and the results were confirmed using PCR and DNA sequencing.
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Powell G, Sarmah P, Sethi B, Ganesan R. Enterobius vermicularis infection of the ovary. BMJ Case Rep 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-201146. [PMID: 24177459 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-201146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobius vermicularis is an intestinal parasite, which may occasionally involve extraintestinal sites including the female genital tract. We report a rare case of ovarian involvement, which presented with chronic right iliac fossa pain in a 31-year-old woman. A transvaginal ultrasound scan was suggestive of a right adnexal dermoid cyst; however, histological examination of the subsequent salpingo-oophorectomy specimen showed an abscess containing viable E. vermicularis ova. E. vermicularis is the most prevalent human nematode worldwide. Its ova are ingested, larvae hatch and mature female worms journey to the perianal region where they lay eggs. Female worms may also migrate from the anus along the female genital tract. Although of low pathogenicity, complications such as infertility or peritonitis may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Powell
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury, UK
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Shetty JB, Kulkarni DV, Prabhu V. Eggs containing larvae of Enterobius vermicularis in vaginal smear. J Cytol 2013; 29:94-6. [PMID: 22438633 PMCID: PMC3307469 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.93238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobius vermicularis also known commonly as pinworm is the most common intestinal parasite. It is a nematode that inhabits the human terminal ileum, colon and appendix. The fertilized female migrates to the perianal area where eggs are deposited but occasionally introduces itself into adjacent orifices, most commonly the female genitourinary tract. Thus the eggs can be seen in the vaginal smear as a result of contamination. We report a case wherein the patient presented with signs and symptoms of vulvovaginitis. In her vaginal smear there were eggs of Enterobius vermicularis which showed a coiled larva within it. In the background there were plenty of acute inflammatory cells. This patient responded favorably to antihelminthics. We report this case to highlight the morphology of the parasite and also to emphasize that such findings should not be neglected. Timely reporting and appropriate treatment of such cases will prevent further complications of this parasite including endometritis, salphingitis and peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi B Shetty
- Department of Pathology, K. B. Bhabha Hospital and Seth G. S. Medical College, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
We report an unusual case of extraintestinal infection with adult Enterobius vermicularis worms in the nares and ocular orbit of a 14-year-old girl in Illinois. Only one other similar case has been reported in the English-language literature.
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Serpytis M, Seinin D. Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 46:70-2. [PMID: 21879805 DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2011.609834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Enterobius vermicularis is one of the most common intestinal parasites found in humans. They commonly infest the terminal ileum and large intestine, and are usually considered an innocuous parasite that can be easily eradicated with proper treatment. However, extraintestinal migration of worms, although very rare, may lead to severe health disorders or even death. This article, reports the first fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis known to the authors, which developed in an adult patient with E. vermicularis infection, causing perforation of the large intestine and generalized bacterial peritonitis. Despite emergency laparotomy, the patient died from septic shock on the day after surgery. During pathological examination, worms were found not only in the large intestine, but also in the renal parenchyma; worm eggs were found deposited in the lungs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Serpytis
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Otu-Bassey IB, Useh MF, Alaribe AA. The post-treatment effects of enterobiasis on the occurrence of enuresis among children in Calabar, Nigeria. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:315-9. [PMID: 21771477 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60093-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between enterobiasis and enuresis before and after albendazole therapy among 632 children, aged, 5-14 years, in Calabar, Nigeria. METHODS The scotch tape (cellotape) technique was used for the detection of eggs of Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis) while questionnaire-based interviews were used for screening for anal itching and/or enuresis among study participants. All subjects found positive for Enterobius infection as confirmed by the presence of eggs and those with persistent anal itching (both enuretic and non-enuretic) were treated with 400 mg of albendazole given as a single dose. The treated subjects were re-assessed post-treatment to ascertain whether they were cured and also to determine their enuretic status (for the enuretics). RESULTS The overall prevalences of Enterobius infection, anal itching, and enuresis prior to albendazole therapy were 6.8%, 42.9%, and 35.6% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of these parameters by the socio-economic class of subjects (P = 0.462, P = 0.647, and P = 0.610, respectively). The pre-treatment prevalences of enuresis among Enterobius and anal itching-positive subjects were 53.5% and 49.8%, respectively versus 34.3% and 24.9%, respectively among their negative counterpart (P = 0.012 and P < 0.001, respectively). Four (20%) out of the 20 enuretic children found Enterobius egg-negative after albendazole therapy were equally cured while 8(40%) had reduction of their enuresis, thus giving a total resolution rate of 60%. Similarly, 64.2% resolution (25% cure and 32.8% reduction) of enuresis was observed amongst 120 anal itching-cured/enuretic children. Enuretic status of the Enterobius-/anal itching-uncured subjects, on the other hand, remained unchanged post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS This study is suggestive of the involvement of E. vermicularis in the aetiology of enuresis in Calabar. Children presenting with, especially, uncomplicated enuresis should be screened for enterobiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iquo B Otu-Bassey
- Medical Microbiology/Parasitology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Enterobius vermicularis and development of an 18S ribosomal DNA-targeted diagnostic PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:1602-4. [PMID: 21248085 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02454-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We genetically characterized pinworms obtained from 37 children from different regions of Germany and established new species-specific molecular diagnostic tools. No ribosomal DNA diversity was found; the phylogenetic position of Enterobius vermicularis within the Oxyurida order and its close relationship to the Ascaridida and Spirurida orders was confirmed.
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Infection à Enterobius vermicularis : une cause exceptionnelle d’endométrite. Presse Med 2010; 39:986-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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