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Zhang W, Kohn J, Yelick PC. TyroFill-Titanium Implant Constructs for the Coordinated Repair of Rabbit Mandible and Tooth Defects. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1277. [PMID: 38002402 PMCID: PMC10668976 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently used methods to repair craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone and tooth defects require a multi-staged surgical approach for bone repair followed by dental implant placement. Our previously published results demonstrated significant bioengineered bone formation using human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC)-seeded tyrosine-derived polycarbonate scaffolds (E1001(1K)-bTCP). Here, we improved upon this approach using a modified TyroFill (E1001(1K)/dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD)) scaffold-supported titanium dental implant model for simultaneous bone-dental implant repair. TyroFill scaffolds containing an embedded titanium implant, with (n = 3 each time point) or without (n = 2 each time point) seeded hDPCs and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), were cultured in vitro. Each implant was then implanted into a 10 mm full-thickness critical-sized defect prepared on a rabbit mandibulee. After 1 and 3 months, replicate constructs were harvested and analyzed using Micro-CT histological and IHC analyses. Our results showed significant new bone formation surrounding the titanium implants in cell-seeded TyroFill constructs. This study indicates the potential utility of hDPSC/HUVEC-seeded TyroFill scaffolds for coordinated CMF bone-dental implant repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Pamela C. Yelick
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Wu Y, Li B, Yu D, Zhou Z, Shen M, Jiang F. CBX7 Rejuvenates Late Passage Dental Pulp Stem Cells by Maintaining Stemness and Pro-angiogenic Ability. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:473-488. [PMID: 36920677 PMCID: PMC10219923 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ever-growing tissue regeneration causes pressing need for large population of stem cells. However, extensive cell expansion eventually leads to impaired regenerative potentials. In this study, chromobox protein homolog 7 (CBX7) was overexpressed to rejuvenate late passage dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs-P9). METHODS The recruitment of copper ions (Cu2+)-activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) to the CBX7 gene promoter was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Functions subsequent to Cu2+-induced or recombinant overexpression of CBX7 on proliferation, multipotency, odontoblastic differentiation and angiogenesis were investigated in vitro, while murine subcutaneous transplantation model was used to further detect the effects of Cu2+-induced CBX7 overexpression in vivo. RESULTS Our data displayed that CBX7 overexpression maintain proliferation and multipotency of DPSCs-P9 almost as strong as those of DPSCs-P3. Both gene level of odontoblast-lineage markers and calcium precipitation were nearly the same between CBX7 overexpressed DPSCs-P9 and normal DPSCs-P3. Moreover, we also found upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in DPSCs-P9 with CBX7 overexpression, which increased the number of capillary-like structures and migrating co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells as well. These findings indicate CBX7 as an effective factor to rejuvenate late passage stem cells insusceptible to cell expansion. Cu2+ has been proved to achieve CBX7 overexpression in DPSCs through the initiation of HIF-1α-CBX7 cascade. Under Cu2+ stimulation since P3, DPSCs-P9 exhibited ameliorated regenerative potential both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Long-term stimulation of Cu2+ to overexpress CBX7 could be a new strategy to manufacture large population of self-renewing stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 1, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 1, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhixuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 1, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ming Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 1, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Fei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, No. 140, Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
- Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, No. 1, Shanghai Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Abuarqoub D, Theeb LS, Omari MB, Hamadneh YI, Alrawabdeh JA, Aslam N, Jafar H, Awidi A. The Osteogenic Role of Biomaterials Combined with Human-Derived Dental Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:251-270. [PMID: 36808303 PMCID: PMC10070593 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of stem cells in regenerative medicine had great potential for clinical applications. However, cell delivery strategies have critical importance in stimulating the differentiation of stem cells and enhancing their potential to regenerate damaged tissues. Different strategies have been used to investigate the osteogenic potential of dental stem cells in conjunction with biomaterials through in vitro and in vivo studies. Osteogenesis has a broad implication in regenerative medicine, particularly for maxillofacial defects. This review summarizes some of the most recent developments in the field of tissue engineering using dental stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Abuarqoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Laith S Theeb
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad B Omari
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Yazan I Hamadneh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Nazneen Aslam
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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Fujii Y, Hatori A, Chikazu D, Ogasawara T. Application of Dental Pulp Stem Cells for Bone and Neural Tissue Regeneration in Oral and Maxillofacial Region. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2026572. [PMID: 37035445 PMCID: PMC10076122 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2026572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the oral and maxillofacial region, the treatment of severe bone defects, caused by fractures, cancers, congenital abnormalities, etc., remains a great challenge. In addition, neurological disorders are frequently accompanied by these bone defects or the treatments for them. Therefore, novel bone regenerative techniques and methods to repair nerve injury are eagerly sought. Among them, strategies using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising options. Human DPSCs can be collected easily from extracted teeth and are now considered a type of mesenchymal stem cell with higher clonogenic and proliferative potential. DPSCs have been getting attention as a cell source for bone and nerve regeneration. In this article, we reviewed the latest studies on osteogenic or neural differentiation of DPSCs as well as bone or neural regeneration methods using DPSCs and discussed the potential of DPSCs for bone and nerve tissue regeneration.
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Nikkhah A, Roudsari PP, Aghayan H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Nasli-Esfahani E, Mafi AR, Nikandish M, Shouroki FF, Arjmand B, Larijani B. Application of Biocompatible Scaffolds in Stem-Cell-Based Dental Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:83-110. [PMID: 35999347 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering as an important field in regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic approach to replace or regenerate injured tissues. It consists of three vital steps including the selection of suitable cells, formation of 3d scaffolds, and adding growth factors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are mentioned as two main sources for this approach that have been used for the treatment of various types of disorders. However, the main focus of literature in the field of dental tissue engineering is on utilizing MSCs. On the other hand, biocompatible scaffolds play a notable role in this regenerative process which is mentioned to be harmless with acceptable osteoinductivity. Their ability in inhibiting inflammatory responses also makes them powerful tools. Indeed, stem cell functions should be supported by biomaterials acting as scaffolds incorporated with biological signals. Naturally derived polymeric scaffolds and synthetically engineered polymeric/ceramic scaffolds are two main types of scaffolds regarding their materials that are defined further in this review. Various strategies of tissue bioengineering can affect the regeneration of dentin-pulp complex, periodontium regeneration, and whole teeth bioengineering. In this regard, in vivo/ex vivo experimental models have been developed recently in order to perform preclinical studies of dental tissue engineering which make it more transferable to be used for clinic uses. This review summarizes dental tissue engineering through its different components. Also, strategies of tissue bioengineering and experimental models are introduced in order to provide a perspective of the potential roles of dental tissue engineering to be used for clinical aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Nikkhah
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA- CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fazeli Shouroki
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moeenzade N, Naseri M, Osmani F, Emadian Razavi F. Dental pulp stem cells for reconstructing bone defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2022; 16:204-220. [PMID: 37560493 PMCID: PMC10407871 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2022.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone reconstruction with appropriate quality and quantity for dental implant replacement in the alveolar ridge is a challenge in dentistry. As dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) could be a new perspective in bone regeneration in the future, this study investigated the bone regeneration process by DPSCs. METHODS Electronic searches for articles in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were completed until 21 April 2022. The most important inclusion criteria for selecting in vivo studies reporting quantitative data based on new bone volume and new bone area. The quality assessment was performed based on Cochrane's checklist. RESULTS After the title, abstract, and full-text screening of 762 studies, 23 studies were included. A meta-analysis of 70 studies that reported bone regeneration based on new bone area showed a statistically significant favorable influence on bone tissue regeneration compared to the control groups (P<0.00001, standardized mean difference [SMD]=2.40, 95% CI: 1.55‒3.26; I2=83%). Also, the meta-analysis of 14 studies that reported new bone regeneration based on bone volume showed a statistically significant favorable influence on bone tissue regeneration compared to the control groups (P=0.0003, SMD=1.85, 95% CI: 0.85‒2.85; I2=84%). CONCLUSION This systematic review indicated that DPSCs in tissue regeneration therapy significantly affected bone tissue complex regeneration. However, more and less diverse preclinical studies will enable more powerful meta-analyses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Moeenzade
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Osmani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fariba Emadian Razavi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Yuan Y, Zhang X, Zhan Y, Tang S, Deng P, Wang Z, Li J. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells are verified to be potential seed candidates for bio-root regeneration in three-dimensional culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:234. [PMID: 35659736 PMCID: PMC9166419 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bio-root regeneration is a promising treatment for tooth loss. It has been reported that dental-derived stem cells are effective seed cells for bio-root construction, but further applications are limited by their few sources. Human adipose tissues have a wide range of sources and numerous studies have confirmed the ability of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine. In the current study, the odontogenic capacities of ASCs were compared with dental-derived stem cells including dental follicle cells (DFCs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). METHODS The biological characteristics of ASCs, DFCs, and SHEDs were explored in vitro. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures were compared in vitro. Odontogenic characteristics of porcine-treated dentin matrix (pTDM) induced cells under a 3D microenvironment in vitro were compared. The complexes (cell/pTDM) were transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice to verify regenerative potential. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore molecular mechanisms of different seed cells in bio-root regeneration. RESULTS 3D culture was more efficient in constructing bio-root complexes. ASCs exhibited good biological characteristics similar to dental-derived stem cells in vitro. Besides, pTDM induced ASCs presented odontogenic ability similar to dental-derived stem cells. Furthermore, 3D cultured ASCs/pTDM complex promoted regeneration of dentin-like, pulp-like, and periodontal fiber-like tissues in vivo. Analysis indicated that PI3K-Akt, VEGF signaling pathways may play key roles in the process of inducing ASCs odontogenic differentiation by pTDM. CONCLUSIONS ASCs are potential seed cells for pTDM-induced bio-root regeneration, providing a basis for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Zhan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingmeng Deng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Choi EJ, Kim CH, Yoon JY, Kim JY, Kim HS, Yoon JU, Cho AR, Kim EJ. Propofol attenuates odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1604-1611. [PMID: 36299329 PMCID: PMC9588817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Various studies have used stem cells in the field of bone tissue engineering to repair bone defects. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have multipotent properties and can be acquired in a noninvasive manner; therefore, they are frequently used in experiments in regenerative medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of human DPSCs (hDPSCs) using propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent. Materials and methods Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was used to investigate the effects of various concentrations of propofol (5, 20, 50 and 100 μM) on the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Real-time qPCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the effect of propofol on the expression of odontogenic/osteogenic genes, such as DMP1, RUNX2, OCN, and BMP2. Odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs was estimated at days 7 and 14. Results ALP staining of hDPSCs was significantly decreased by propofol treatment. The mRNA expression of DMP1, RUNX2, OCN, and BMP2 decreased after propofol treatment for 14 days. The protein expression of DMP1 and BMP2 was decreased by propofol at days 7 and 14, and that of RUNX2 was decreased by propofol at day 14 only. Conclusion Propofol attenuated odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro. This result suggests that propofol, which is widely used for dental sedation, may inhibit the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.
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Li J, Zhai Y, Rao N, Yuan X, Yang J, Li J, Yu S, Zhao Y, Ge L. TGF-β2 and TGF-β1 differentially regulate the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 135:105357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Biocompatibility of a HA/β-TCP/C Scaffold as a Pulp-Capping Agent for Vital Pulp Treatment: An In Vivo Study in Rat Molars. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083936. [PMID: 33918101 PMCID: PMC8068992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioceramic materials possess desirable biological properties, highlighting their non-reactivity and osteoconductivity. Their use has been extended in vital pulp treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), and collagen (C) scaffold with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the vital pulp of rat molars. Thirty-two molars of Sprague–Dawley rats underwent direct pulp capping with β-TCP/HA/C (n = 16) and MTA (n = 16). After 30 days, the following parameters were evaluated in the tested samples: the degree of pulp inflammation and pulp vitality, the presence of reparative dentin, the homogeneity of the odontoblastic layer, and the presence of pulp fibrosis. No statistically significant differences were observed between HA/β-TCP/C and MTA in terms of the degree of inflammation (p = 0.124). Significant differences were found in reparative dentin formation between the treatment groups (p = 0.0005). Dentin bridge formation was observed in the MTA-treated group. The local action of HA/β-TCP/C is similar to that of MTA when used as an agent for pulp vital treatment in terms of absence of inflammation and maintenance of pulp vitality, although there are significant differences between both materials regarding the formation of dentin bridges.
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Ercal P, Pekozer GG. A Current Overview of Scaffold-Based Bone Regeneration Strategies with Dental Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1288:61-85. [PMID: 32185698 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects due to trauma or diseases still pose a clinical challenge to be resolved in the current tissue engineering approaches. As an alternative to traditional methods to restore bone defects, such as autografts, bone tissue engineering aims to achieve new bone formation via novel biomaterials used in combination with multipotent stem cells and bioactive molecules. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be successfully isolated from various dental tissues at different stages of development including dental pulp, apical papilla, dental follicle, tooth germ, deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament and gingiva. A wide range of biomaterials including polymers, ceramics and composites have been investigated for their potential as an ideal bone scaffold material. This article reviews the properties and the manufacturing methods of biomaterials used in bone tissue engineering, and provides an overview of bone tissue regeneration approaches of scaffold and dental stem cell combinations as well as their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Ercal
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Surgery, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gorke Gurel Pekozer
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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The Histone Demethylase KDM3B Promotes Osteo-/Odontogenic Differentiation, Cell Proliferation, and Migration Potential of Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8881021. [PMID: 33082788 PMCID: PMC7563049 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8881021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulation mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can assist in tissue regeneration. The histone demethylase (KDM) family has a crucial role in differentiation and cell proliferation of MSCs, while the function of KDM3B in MSCs is not well understood. In this study, we used the stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) to test whether KDM3B could regulate the function of MSCs. By an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin red staining, real-time RT-PCR, and western blot analysis, we found that KDM3B enhanced the ALP activity and mineralization of SCAPs and promoted the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix (OSX), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and osteocalcin (OCN). Additionally, the CFSE, CCK-8, and flow cytometry assays revealed that KDM3B improved cell proliferation by accelerating cell cycle transition from the G1 to S phase. Scratch and transwell migration assays displayed that KDM3B promoted the migration potential of SCAPs. Mechanically, microarray results displayed that 98 genes were upregulated, including STAT1, CCND1, and FGF5, and 48 genes were downregulated after KDM3B overexpression. Besides, we found that the Toll-like receptor and JAK-STAT signaling pathway may be involved in the regulating function of KDM3B in SCAPs. In brief, we discovered that KDM3B promoted the osteo-/odontogenic differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration potential of SCAPs and provided a novel target and theoretical basis for regenerative medicine.
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Granz CL, Gorji A. Dental stem cells: The role of biomaterials and scaffolds in developing novel therapeutic strategies. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:897-921. [PMID: 33033554 PMCID: PMC7524692 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental stem cells (DSCs) are self-renewable cells that can be obtained easily from dental tissues, and are a desirable source of autologous stem cells. The use of DSCs for stem cell transplantation therapeutic approaches is attractive due to their simple isolation, high plasticity, immunomodulatory properties, and multipotential abilities. Using appropriate scaffolds loaded with favorable biomolecules, such as growth factors, and cytokines, can improve the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and functional capacity of DSCs and can optimize the cellular morphology to build tissue constructs for specific purposes. An enormous variety of scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering with DSCs. Of these, the scaffolds that particularly mimic tissue-specific micromilieu and loaded with biomolecules favorably regulate angiogenesis, cell-matrix interactions, degradation of extracellular matrix, organized matrix formation, and the mineralization abilities of DSCs in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. DSCs represent a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for tooth, bone, and neural tissue restoration. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the current developments in the major scaffolding approaches as crucial guidelines for tissue engineering using DSCs and compare their effects in tissue and organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Larissa Granz
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
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Zhang W, Saxena S, Fakhrzadeh A, Rudolph S, Young S, Kohn J, Yelick PC. Use of Human Dental Pulp and Endothelial Cell Seeded Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate Scaffolds for Robust in vivo Alveolar Jaw Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:796. [PMID: 32766225 PMCID: PMC7380083 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to effectively repair craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone defects in a fully functional and aesthetically pleasing manner is essential to maintain physical and psychological health. Current challenges for CMF repair therapies include the facts that craniofacial bones exhibit highly distinct properties as compared to axial and appendicular bones, including their unique sizes, shapes and contours, and mechanical properties that enable the ability to support teeth and withstand the strong forces of mastication. The study described here examined the ability for tyrosine-derived polycarbonate, E1001(1K)/β-TCP scaffolds seeded with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to repair critical sized alveolar bone defects in an in vivo rabbit mandible defect model. Human dental pulp stem cells are uniquely suited for use in CMF repair in that they are derived from the neural crest, which naturally contributes to CMF development. E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds provide tunable mechanical and biodegradation properties, and are highly porous, consisting of interconnected macro- and micropores, to promote cell infiltration and attachment throughout the construct. Human dental pulp stem cells/HUVECs seeded and acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP constructs were implanted for one and three months, harvested and analyzed by micro-computed tomography, then demineralized, processed and sectioned for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Our results showed that hDPSC seeded E1001(1k)/β-TCP constructs to support the formation of osteodentin-like mineralized jawbone tissue closely resembling that of natural rabbit jaw bone. Although unseeded scaffolds supported limited alveolar bone regeneration, more robust and homogeneous bone formation was observed in hDPSC/HUVEC-seeded constructs, suggesting that hDPSCs/HUVECs contributed to enhanced bone formation. Importantly, bioengineered jaw bone recapitulated the characteristic morphology of natural rabbit jaw bone, was highly vascularized, and exhibited active remodeling by the presence of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on newly formed bone surfaces. In conclusion, these results demonstrate, for the first time, that E1001(1K)/ β-TCP scaffolds pre-seeded with human hDPSCs and HUVECs contributed to enhanced bone formation in an in vivo rabbit mandible defect repair model as compared to acellular E1001(1K)/β-TCP constructs. These studies demonstrate the utility of hDPSC/HUVEC-seeded E1001(1K)/β-TCP scaffolds as a potentially superior clinically relevant therapy to repair craniomaxillofacial bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shruti Saxena
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Amir Fakhrzadeh
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Sara Rudolph
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Pamela C. Yelick
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Ma D, Wang X, Ren X, Bu J, Zheng D, Zhang J. Asperosaponin VI Injection Enhances Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922372. [PMID: 32323648 PMCID: PMC7193222 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was performed to investigate the effect of local injection of asperosaponin VI (ASA VI) on the orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Material/Methods A total of 64 healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided into 2 groups randomly: the ASA VI group and the control group. For the ASA VI group, 10 mg/kg ASA VI solution was injected into buccal submucoperiosteal of bilaterally first maxillary molars, and the same volume of normal saline was given to the control group. The orthodontic force was applied to the maxillary first molars. All rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7, or 14. Tooth movement effects on the periodontium were analyzed through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and immunohistochemistry analysis. Tooth movement measurements and alveolar bone volumetric changes were analyzed using a micro-computed tomography (CT) scan. Molecular changes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Results The ASA VI group presented with a significant increase of tooth movement, osteoclast number, and the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) compared with the control group. ASA VI also induced a significant decrease in bone volume and density and an increase in trabecular spacing and RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand) expression at the compression side. Furthermore, ASA VI stimulated bone formation on the tension side by enhancing OCN (osteocalcin) expression and RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) expression, increasing bone volume and density and decreasing in trabecular spacing. Conclusions Injection of ASA VI may accelerate tooth movement via increasing the activity of osteoclasts, stimulating bone resorption at the compression side. Furthermore, ASA VI has a positive effect on bone formation at the tension side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xuxia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xusheng Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Bu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dehua Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Liu J, Wang W, Wang X, Yu D, Wang Z, Wang W. PL/Vancomycin/Nano-hydroxyapatite Sustained-release Material to Treat Infectious Bone Defect. Open Life Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of platelet lysate (PL)/vancomycin/nano-hydroxyapatite sustained-release material on treating staphylococcus aureus-induced infectious bone defects.Methods40 New Zealand white rabbits were inoculated with staphylococcus aureus to construct the chronic tibial infectious bone defect model. After incision, debridement and washing, control group 1 was not given any filling, control group 2 was filled with PL/nano-hydroxyapatite sustained release material, control group 3 was filled with vancomycin/ nano-hydroxyapatite sustained release material, and the treatment group was filled with PL/vancomycin/nano-hydroxyapatite sustained-release material. Afterwards, the drug release profiles were determined in vitro and in vivo. Then, X-rays and bone specimens were used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatments.ResultsTGF-β and PDGF were effectively released for 28 days in vitro. In addition, results of the inhibition zone experiment of the composite material proved that vancomycin had favorable antibacterial activity, which effectively suppressed bacteria for as long as 43 days, thus achieving the sustained-release antibacterial effect. The drug release profiles in vitro also demonstrated that the vancomycin concentration within the lesion region was the highest in composite material, and the infection in experimental rabbits was markedly alleviated. The original backbone deformity regained the normal shape, the normal bone marrow structure began to recover 6 weeks later, and the nano-hydroxyapatite transformed into the trabecula structure. By contrast, the inflammation in the control group still existed, with no obvious new bone formation.ConclusionThe PL/vancomycin/nano-hydroxyapatite sustained-release material effectively treats chronic infectious bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics,First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin Heilongjiang,China
- Department of orthopedics, the 962st Hospital of PLA,Harbin Heilongjiang,China
| | - Wantao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics,First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin Heilongjiang,China
| | - Xinpeng Wang
- Department of orthopedics, the 962st Hospital of PLA,Harbin Heilongjiang,China
| | - Damiao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics,First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin Heilongjiang,China
| | - Zhenglei Wang
- Department of orthopedics, the 962st Hospital of PLA,Harbin Heilongjiang,China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics,First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin Heilongjiang,China
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Tawfik Tadros MS, El-Baz MAES, Khairy MAEK. Dental stem cells in tooth repair: A systematic review. F1000Res 2019; 8:1955. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21058.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental stem cells (DSCs) are self-renewable teeth cells, which help maintain or develop oral tissues. These cells can differentiate into odontoblasts, adipocytes, cementoblast-like cells, osteoblasts, or chondroblasts and form dentin/pulp. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of these cells in dental pulp regeneration. Methods: We searched the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science using relevant keywords. Case reports and non-English studies were excluded. We included all studies using dental stem cells in tooth repair whether in vivo or in vitro studies. Results: Dental pulp stem cell (DPSCs) is the most common type of cell. Most stem cells are incorporated and implanted into the root canals in different scaffold forms. Some experiments combine growth factors such as TDM, BMP, and G-CSF with stem cells to improve the results. The transplant of DPSCs and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) was found to be associated with pulp-like recovery, efficient revascularization, enhanced chondrogenesis, and direct vascular supply of regenerated tissue. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that DPSCs, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and SCAPs are capable of providing sufficient pulp regeneration and vascularization. For the development of the dental repair field, it is important to screen for more effective stem cells, dentine releasing therapies, good biomimicry scaffolds, and good histological markers.
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18
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Lee YC, Chan YH, Hsieh SC, Lew WZ, Feng SW. Comparing the Osteogenic Potentials and Bone Regeneration Capacities of Bone Marrow and Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Rabbit Calvarial Bone Defect Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205015. [PMID: 31658685 PMCID: PMC6834129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone regeneration efficiency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs) combined with xenografts in the craniofacial region remains unclear. Accordingly, this study commenced by comparing the cell morphology, cell proliferation, trilineage differentiation, mineral synthesis, and osteogenic gene expression of BMSCs and DPSCs in vitro. Four experimental groups (empty control, Bio-Oss only, Bio-Oss+BMSCs, and Bio-Oss+DPSCs) were then designed and implanted in rabbit calvarial defects. The BMSCs and DPSCs showed a similar morphology, proliferative ability, surface marker profile, and trilineage-differentiation potential in vitro. However, the BMSCs exhibited a higher mineral deposition and expression levels of osteogenic marker genes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin (OCN). In the in vivo studies, the bone volume density in both MSC groups was significantly greater than that in the empty control or Bio-Oss only group. Moreover, the new bone formation and Collagen I / osteoprotegerin protein expressions of the scaffold+MSC groups were higher than those of the Bio-Oss only group. Finally, the Bio-Oss+BMSC and Bio-Oss+DPSC groups had a similar bone mineral density, new bone formation, and osteogenesis-related protein expression. Overall, the DPSCs seeded on Bio-Oss matched the bone regeneration efficacy of BMSCs in vivo and hence appear to be a promising strategy for craniofacial defect repair in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Hui Chan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Chih Hsieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Zhen Lew
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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19
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Charbonnier B, Baradaran A, Sato D, Alghamdi O, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gbureck U, Gilardino M, Harvey E, Makhoul N, Barralet J. Material-Induced Venosome-Supported Bone Tubes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900844. [PMID: 31508287 PMCID: PMC6724474 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of alternatives to vascular bone grafts, the current clinical standard for the surgical repair of large segmental bone defects still today represents an unmet medical need. The subcutaneous formation of transplantable bone has been successfully achieved in scaffolds axially perfused by an arteriovenous loop (AVL) and seeded with bone marrow stromal cells or loaded with inductive proteins. Although demonstrating clinical potential, AVL-based approaches involve complex microsurgical techniques and thus are not in widespread use. In this study, 3D-printed microporous bioceramics, loaded with autologous total bone marrow obtained by needle aspiration, are placed around and next to an unoperated femoral vein for 8 weeks to assess the effect of a central flow-through vein on bone formation from marrow in a subcutaneous site. A greater volume of new bone tissue is observed in scaffolds perfused by a central vein compared with the nonperfused negative control. These analyses are confirmed and supplemented by calcified and decalcified histology. This is highly significant as it indicates that transplantable vascularized bone can be grown using dispensable vein and marrow tissue only. This is the first report illustrating the capacity of an intrinsic vascularization by a single vein to support ectopic bone formation from untreated marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Charbonnier
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMcGill University817 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealH3A 0C3QuebecCanada
| | - Aslan Baradaran
- Experimental Surgery DivisionDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Implant DentistryShowa University Dental Hospital2 Chome‐1‐1 KitasenzokuOta CityTokyo145‐8515Japan
| | - Osama Alghamdi
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Zishuai Zhang
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University3640, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, University StreetMontrealH3A 0C7QuebecCanada
| | - Yu‐Ling Zhang
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University3640, Strathcona Anatomy and Dentistry Building, University StreetMontrealH3A 0C7QuebecCanada
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and DentistryUniversity of WürzburgPleicherwall 2D‐97070WürzburgGermany
| | - Mirko Gilardino
- Experimental Surgery DivisionDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Edward Harvey
- Experimental Surgery DivisionDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Nicholas Makhoul
- Division of Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
| | - Jake Barralet
- Experimental Surgery DivisionDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMontreal General Hospital1650 Cedar AvenueMontrealH3G 1A4QuebecCanada
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WU T, XU C, DU R, WEN Y, CHANG J, HUAN Z, ZHU Y. Effects of silicate-based composite material on the proliferation and mineralization behaviors of human dental pulp cells: An in vitro assessment. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:889-896. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian WU
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
| | - Chen XU
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Rong DU
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
| | - Yang WEN
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
| | - Jiang CHANG
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhiguang HUAN
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yaqin ZHU
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology
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21
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Houshmand B, Tabibzadeh Z, Motamedian SR, Kouhestani F. Effect of metformin on dental pulp stem cells attachment, proliferation and differentiation cultured on biphasic bone substitutes. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 95:44-50. [PMID: 30048855 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate to the effect of metformin on attachment of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and their proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on biphasic hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate granules of macro-porous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS This in vitro study included four groups: A:hDPSCs + MBCP + Metfromin, B:hDPSCs + MBCP, C:hDPSCs + Metformin and D:hDPSCs (control). Attachment of hDPSCs to bone granules in groups A and B was observed by scanning electron microscopy on days 1 and 7 of cultivation. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay on days 1, 3, and 7 after cell seeding. Differentiation of the hDPSCs was assessed by measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 after cell culturing in standard and osteogenic media. The data was analyzed by two-way ANOVA at a significance level of p = 0.05. RESULTS The hDPSCs had firmly attached to the surface of MBCP granules, especially in group A. The MTT values increased in all groups from day 1 to day 7 (p < 0.001). The highest MTT values were observed in group C followed by the control group and groups A and B (p < 0.001). Alkaline phosphatase activity also increased in all groups between days 3 to 21 (p < 0.001) except between days 7 and 14 in standard media (p = 0.094). In standard media, groups with MBCP granules (A and B) showed higher activity (p < 0.05). In osteogenic media, the groups with metformin (A and C) showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This in vitro study showed that 100 Mol/L metformin increased attachment and proliferation of hDPSCs on biphasic granules. Osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs also increased in the presence of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Houshmand
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Tabibzadeh
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Kouhestani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kouhestani F, Dehabadi F, Hasan Shahriari M, Motamedian SR. Allogenic vs. synthetic granules for bone tissue engineering: an in vitro study. Prog Biomater 2018; 7:133-141. [PMID: 30019188 PMCID: PMC6068052 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare human dental pulp stem cells' (DPSCs) attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on allogenic and synthetic biphasic bone granules. In this in vitro study, two types of bone granules were used: allograft [freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA)] and biphasic granules [hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP)]. By isolation of DPSCs, their attachment to bone granules was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) at day 1 and 7 of cultivation. Vital cells were measured by MTT assay at 1, 3, and 7 days of cell culture. Comparison of vital cells at different time points was considered as cell proliferation. Finally, differentiation of DPSCs was evaluated by measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after cell seeding in standard and osteogenic media. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with a significant level of 0.05. Attachment of DPSCs on FDBA granules seemed relatively stronger. The number of cells (based on MTT values) and ALP activity of the cells cultured on both study groups increased between time points (p ≤ 0.001). FDBA granules had more cells compared to HA/β-TCP granules (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between ALP activity of two study groups cultured in the standard medium (p = 0.347) and they were both higher than the control group (p < 0.05). In the osteogenic medium, FDBA group had significantly higher ALP activity compared to HA/β-TCP (p = 0.035) and control (p = 0.001) groups while there was no significant difference between ALP activity of HA/β-TCP and control groups (p = 0.645). In conclusion, current in vitro study revealed that FDBA granules have more potential in supporting DPSCs attachment and proliferation and inducing their ALP activity compared to HA/β-TCP granules. Therefore, FDBA could serve as a proper bone substitute material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Kouhestani
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Dehabadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Hasan Shahriari
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mortada I, Mortada R. Dental pulp stem cells and osteogenesis: an update. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1479-1486. [PMID: 29938380 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells constitute an attractive source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells owing to their high proliferation rate and multilineage differentiation potential. Osteogenesis is initiated by osteoblasts, which originate from mesenchymal stem cells. These cells express specific surface antigens that disappear gradually during osteodifferentiation. In parallel, the appearance of characteristic markers, including alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, osteocalcin and osteopontin characterize the osteoblastic phenotype of dental pulp stem cells. This review will shed the light on the osteogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells and explore the culture medium components, and markers associated with osteodifferentiation of these cells.
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Hegab MH, Abd-Allah SH, Badawey MS, Saleh AA, Metwally AS, Fathy GM, Nada SM, Abdel-Rahman SA, Saleh AA, Fawzy A, El-Magd MA. Therapeutic potential effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chronic liver disease in murine Schistosomiasis Mansoni. J Parasit Dis 2018; 42:277-286. [PMID: 29844633 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-0997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some reports have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy could ameliorate chemically-induced hepatic fibrosis. This research assesses the therapeutic action of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on chronic diseased liver in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. All infected female mice divided into three groups, one group (15 mice) treated with oral praziquantel (PZQ), second group (15 mice) received intravenous injection of BM-MSCs and third group (15 mice) treated with both MSCs + PZQ. Two control groups (15 mice each) subdivided into one infected and second healthy one. BM-MSCs were obtained from bones of both femur and tibia of male mice (30 mice), then cultured and characterized morphologically by detection of CD105 by flow cytometer. Liver tissues for all groups were examined histopathologically. Measuring of the collagen 1 gene expression was done by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical study to detect stem cells differentiation for detection of MSCs engraftments in liver tissue. MSCs treatment caused marked improvement and regression of fibrosis, and prevents deposition of collagen and reduced the expression of collagen 1 gene in infected mice on their liver tissues, especially when used with PZQ in mice treatment. It can be concluded that, MSCs is a good therapeutic method for liver fibrosis caused by S. mansoni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Hegab
- 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Somia H Abd-Allah
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Maha S Badawey
- 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Saleh
- 3Department of Animal Wealth Development, Genetics & Genetic Engineering, of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S Metwally
- 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Fathy
- 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Soad M Nada
- 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sara A Abdel-Rahman
- 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira A Saleh
- 1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Fawzy
- 2Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abu El-Magd
- 4Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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Leyendecker Junior A, Gomes Pinheiro CC, Lazzaretti Fernandes T, Franco Bueno D. The use of human dental pulp stem cells for in vivo bone tissue engineering: A systematic review. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731417752766. [PMID: 29375756 PMCID: PMC5777558 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417752766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp represents a promising and easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. Many studies have investigated the use of human dental pulp stem cells and stem cells isolated from the dental pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth for bone tissue engineering in vivo. However, the type of scaffold used to support the proliferation and differentiation of dental stem cells, the animal model, the type of bone defect created, and the methods for evaluation of results were extremely heterogeneous among these studies conducted. With this issue in mind, the main objective of this study is to present and summarize, through a systematic review of the literature, in vivo studies in which the efficacy of human dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) for bone regeneration was evaluated. The article search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Original research articles assessing potential of human dental pulp stem cells and SHED for in vivo bone tissue engineering, published from 1984 to November 2017, were selected and evaluated in this review according to the following eligibility criteria: published in English, assessing dental stem cells of human origin and evaluating in vivo bone tissue formation in animal models or in humans. From the initial 1576 potentially relevant articles identified, 128 were excluded due to the fact that they were duplicates and 1392 were considered ineligible as they did not meet the inclusion criteria. As a result, 56 articles remained and were fully analyzed in this systematic review. The results obtained in this systematic review open new avenues to perform bone tissue engineering for patients with bone defects and emphasize the importance of using human dental pulp stem cells and SHED to repair actual bone defects in an appropriate animal model.
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Abstract
The craniofacial complex is composed of fundamental components such as blood vessels and nerves, and also a variety of specialized tissues such as craniofacial bones, cartilages, muscles, ligaments, and the highly specialized and unique organs, the teeth. Together, these structures provide many functions including speech, mastication, and aesthetics of the craniofacial complex. Craniofacial defects not only influence the structure and function of the jaws and face, but may also result in deleterious psychosocial issues, emphasizing the need for rapid and effective, precise, and aesthetic reconstruction of craniofacial tissues. In a broad sense, craniofacial tissue reconstructions share many of the same issues as noncraniofacial tissue reconstructions. Therefore, many concepts and therapies for general tissue engineering can and have been used for craniofacial tissue regeneration. Still, repair of craniofacial defects presents unique challenges, mainly because of their complex and unique 3D geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
| | - Pamela Crotty Yelick
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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27
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Ercal P, Pekozer GG, Kose GT. Dental Stem Cells in Bone Tissue Engineering: Current Overview and Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1107:113-127. [PMID: 29498025 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of bone that is impaired due to disease, trauma or tumor resection creates a challenge for both clinicians and researchers. Critical size bone defects are conventionally treated with autografts which are associated with risks such as donor site morbidity and limitations like donor shortage. Bone tissue engineering has become a promising area for the management of critical size bone defects by the employment of biocompatible materials and the discovery of novel stem cell sources. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated with ease from various dental tissues including dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from apical papilla, dental follicle stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament stem cells, gingival stem cells and tooth germ derived stem cells. Outcomes of dental MSC mediated bone tissue engineering is explored in various in vivo and in vitro preclinical studies. However, there are still obscurities regarding the mechanisms underlying in MSC mediated bone regeneration and challenges in applications of dental stem cells. In this review, we summarized dental stem cell sources and their characterizations, along with currently used biomaterials for cell delivery and future perspectives for dental MSCs in the field of bone tissue engineering. Further efforts are necessary before moving to clinical trials for future applications.
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28
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Zhang W, Zhang Z, Chen S, Macri L, Kohn J, Yelick PC. Mandibular Jaw Bone Regeneration Using Human Dental Cell-Seeded Tyrosine-Derived Polycarbonate Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 22:985-93. [PMID: 27369635 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a new model for alveolar jaw bone regeneration, which uses human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) combined with tyrosine-derived polycarbonate polymer scaffolds [E1001(1k)] containing beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) [E1001(1k)/β-TCP]. E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds (5 mm diameter × 1 mm thickness) were fabricated to fit a 5 mm rat mandibular ramus critical bone defect. Five experimental groups were examined in this study: (1) E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds seeded with a high density of hDPCs, 5.0 × 10(5) hDPCs/scaffold (CH); (2) E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds seeded with a lower density of hDPCs, 2.5 × 10(5) hDPCs/scaffold (CL); (3) acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds (SA); (4) acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds supplemented with 4 μg recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP); and (5) empty defects (EDs). Replicate hDPC-seeded and acellular E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds were cultured in vitro in osteogenic media for 1 week before implantation for 3 and 6 weeks. Live microcomputed tomography (μCT) imaging at 3 and 6 weeks postimplantation revealed robust bone regeneration in the BMP implant group. CH and CL groups exhibited similar uniformly distributed mineralized tissue coverage throughout the defects, but less than the BMP implants. In contrast, SA-treated defects exhibited sparse areas of mineralized tissue regeneration. The ED group exhibited slightly reduced defect size. Histological analyses revealed no indication of an immune response. In addition, robust expression of dentin and bone differentiation marker expression was observed in hDPC-seeded scaffolds, whereas, in contrast, BMP and SA implants exhibited only bone and not dentin differentiation marker expression. hDPCs were detected in 3-week but not in 6-week hDPC-seeded scaffold groups, indicating their survival for at least 3 weeks. Together, these results show that hDPC-seeded E1001(1k)/β-TCP scaffolds support the rapid regeneration of osteo-dentin-like mineralized jaw tissue, suggesting a promising new therapy for alveolar jaw bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zheng Zhang
- 2 New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shuang Chen
- 2 New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lauren Macri
- 2 New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Joachim Kohn
- 2 New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Pamela C Yelick
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Zhang M, Jiang F, Zhang X, Wang S, Jin Y, Zhang W, Jiang X. The Effects of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Mediated Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:2126-2134. [PMID: 29064632 PMCID: PMC5702518 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin‐pulp complex regeneration is a promising alternative treatment for the irreversible pulpitis caused by tooth trauma or dental caries. This process mainly relies on the recruitment of endogenous or the transplanted dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to guide dentin‐pulp tissue formation. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), a well‐known potent mitogenic, angiogenic, and chemoattractive agent, has been widely used in tissue regeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of PDGF on dentin‐pulp complex regeneration are still unclear. In this study, we tested the effect of PDGF‐BB on dentin‐pulp tissue regeneration by establishing PDGF‐BB gene‐modified human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) using a lentivirus. Our results showed that PDGF‐BB can significantly enhance hDPSC proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation. Furthermore, PDGF‐BB and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by hDPSCs enhanced angiogenesis. The chemoattractive effect of PDGF‐BB on hDPSCs was also confirmed using a Transwell chemotactic migration model. We further determined that PDGF‐BB facilitates hDPSCs migration via the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. In vivo, CM‐DiI‐labeled hDPSCs were injected subcutaneously into mice, and our results showed that more labeled cells were recruited to the sites implanted with calcium phosphate cement scaffolds containing PDGF‐BB gene‐modified hDPSCs. Finally, the tissue‐engineered complexes were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 12 weeks, the Lenti‐PDGF group generated more dentin‐like mineralized tissue which showed positive staining for the DSPP protein, similar to tooth dentin tissue, and was surrounded by highly vascularized dental pulp‐like connective tissue. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the PDGF‐BB possesses a powerful function in prompting stem cell‐based dentin‐pulp tissue regeneration. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:2126–2134
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Polyclinic, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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30
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The Angiogenic Potential of DPSCs and SCAPs in an In Vivo Model of Dental Pulp Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2582080. [PMID: 29018483 PMCID: PMC5605798 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2582080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate vascularization, a restricting factor for the survival of engineered tissues, is often promoted by the addition of stem cells or the appropriate angiogenic growth factors. In this study, human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) were applied in an in vivo model of dental pulp regeneration in order to compare their regenerative potential and confirm their previously demonstrated paracrine angiogenic properties. 3D-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds containing DPSCs and/or SCAPs were subcutaneously transplanted into immunocompromised mice. After twelve weeks, histological and ultrastructural analysis demonstrated the regeneration of vascularized pulp-like tissue as well as mineralized tissue formation in all stem cell constructs. Despite the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro, the stem cell constructs did not display a higher vascularization rate in comparison to control conditions. Similar results were found after eight weeks, which suggests both osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of the transplanted stem cells and the promotion of angiogenesis in this particular setting. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate the successful formation of vascularized pulp-like tissue in 3D-printed scaffolds containing dental stem cells, emphasizing the promising role of this approach in dental tissue engineering.
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31
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Kim SM, Lee BN, Koh JT, Chang HS, Hwang IN, Oh WM, Min KS, Hwang YC. The effect of chlormadinone acetate on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells: in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 28549486 PMCID: PMC5446736 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chlormadinone acetate (CMA) is a derivative of progesterone and is used as an oral contraceptive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CMA on odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and related signaling pathways. Methods Cell viability was determined by the water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay. Odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction using odontogenic marker genes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1). Mineralization of hDPCs was evaluated by ALP staining and alizarin red staining. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway was examined by Western blot analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in cell viability between the control and CMA-treated groups. Our analysis of odontogenic marker genes indicated that CMA enhanced the expression of those genes. CMA-treated hDPCs showed increased ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules, compared with control-treated cells. In addition, CMA stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of ERK and resulted in inhibition of downstream molecules by the ERK inhibitor U0126. Conclusions These findings suggest that CMA improves odontogenic differentiation and mineralization of hDPCs through the ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Hoon-Sang Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, 54896, Korea. .,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, 54907, Korea.
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea. .,Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
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32
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combine with Treated dentin matrix to build biological root. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44635. [PMID: 28401887 PMCID: PMC5388852 DOI: 10.1038/srep44635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treated dentin matrix (TDM) as a kind of scaffolding material has been proved odontogenic induction ability on dental-derived stem cells. Given the limited resources of dental stem cells, it is necessary to seek new seed cell which easily obtained. Jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (JBMMSC) as non-dental-derived stem cell relates to the development of teeth and jaws which suggest us JBMMSCs could act as a new seed cell for tooth tissue engineering. To assess the odontogenic and osteogenic potential of JBMMSCs, cells were induced by TDM extraction in vitro and combined with TDM in vivo. Results were analyzed by PCR, Western Blotting and histology. PCR and Western Blotting showed odontogenic and osteogenic makers were significantly enhanced in varying degrees after induced by TDM extraction in vitro. In vivo, JBMMSCs expressed both odontogenic and osteogenic-related protein, and the latter showed stronger positive expression. Furthermore, histological examination of the harvested grafts was observed the formation of bone-like tissue. Therefore, osteogenic differentiation ability of JBMMSCs were enhanced significantly after being inducted by TDM which illustrates that non-odontogenic derived stem cells are still promising seed cells in tooth root tissue engineering.
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33
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Yang J, Zhang YS, Lei P, Hu X, Wang M, Liu H, Shen X, Li K, Huang Z, Huang J, Ju J, Hu Y, Khademhosseini A. "Steel-Concrete" Inspired Biofunctional Layered Hybrid Cage for Spine Fusion and Segmental Bone Reconstruction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:637-647. [PMID: 33429631 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report a "steel-concrete" inspired layered hybrid spine cage combining a titanium mesh and a bioceramic scaffold, which were welded together through a bioglass bonding layer using a novel multistep manufacturing methodology including three-dimensional slip deposition, gel casting, freeze-drying, and cosintering. The interfacial welding strength achieved 27 ± 0.7 MPa, indicating an excellent structural integrity of the hybrid cage construct. The biocramic scaffold layer consisting of wollastonite and hydroxyapatite had an interconnected, highly porous structure with a pore size of 100-500 μm and a porosity of >85%, well fufilling the structural requirements of bone regeneration. Simulated body fluid immersion assay showed that the hybrid cage exhibited excellent biodegradability to facilitate rapid bone-like apatite formation. In vitro studies demonstrated that the bioceramic scaffold on the hybrid cage supported attachment, spreading, growth, and migration of bone/vessel-forming cells and triggered osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo studies further suggested that the bioceramic scaffold on the hybrid cage could actively promote fast generation of new bone tissues within 12 weeks of implantation in a rabbit femoral condyle model. This study has provided a new design and fabrication methodology of hybrid cages by integrating strong mechanical properties with excellent biological activities including osteoinductivity and bone regeneration ability, for spine fusion and segmental bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Yang
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Orthopedics Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xiaozhi Hu
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Mian Wang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Liu
- School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulin Shen
- School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100086, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Orthopedics Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- School of Materials Sciences and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100086, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntong Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe Nan Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330063, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ju
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yihe Hu
- Orthopedics Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Sulayman Street, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Regenerative Endodontic Procedures: A Perspective from Stem Cell Niche Biology. J Endod 2017; 43:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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35
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Fernandes G, Yang S. Application of platelet-rich plasma with stem cells in bone and periodontal tissue engineering. Bone Res 2016; 4:16036. [PMID: 28018706 PMCID: PMC5153571 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, there is a high paucity of bone grafts in the United States and worldwide. Regenerating bone is of prime concern due to the current demand of bone grafts and the increasing number of diseases causing bone loss. Autogenous bone is the present gold standard of bone regeneration. However, disadvantages like donor site morbidity and its decreased availability limit its use. Even allografts and synthetic grafting materials have their own limitations. As certain specific stem cells can be directed to differentiate into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of growth factors (GFs), it makes stem cells the ideal agents for bone regeneration. Furthermore, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, is often used for bone regeneration, wound healing and bone defect repair. When stem cells are combined with PRP in the presence of GFs, they are able to promote osteogenesis. This review provides in-depth knowledge regarding the use of stem cells and PRP in vitro, in vivo and their application in clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Fernandes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Developmental Genomics Group, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Atalayin C, Tezel H, Dagci T, Karabay Yavasoglu NU, Oktem G, Kose T. In vivo performance of different scaffolds for dental pulp stem cells induced for odontogenic differentiation. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e120. [PMID: 27901202 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the in vivo performance of three different materials as scaffolds for dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) undergoing induced odontogenic differentiation. An odontogenic medium modified by the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 was used in the experimental groups to induce differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cell medium was used in the control groups. DPSC were transplanted onto the backs of mice via three scaffolds: copolymer of L-lactide and DL-lactide (PLDL), copolymer of DL-lactide (PDL) and hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (HA/TCP). The expression levels of dentin sialo-phosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), enamelysin/matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) and phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on X chromosome (PHEX) were analysed using RT-PCR. The expressions in the experimental groups were compared to those in the control groups. The transcript expressions at 6 and 12 weeks were significantly different for all scaffolds (p < 0.05), except for the expression of DSPP in the PLDL group with regard to the time variable. Although there was a decrease in the expression of enamelysin/MMP20 in PLDL and HA/TCP at 12 weeks, all other expressions increased and reached their highest level at 12 weeks. The highest DSPP expression was in the PDL group (p < 0.05). The highest expression of DMP1 was detected in the HA/TCP group (p < 0.05). The highest expression of PHEX was in the PLDL group (p < 0.05). Consequently, PLDL and PDL seemed to be promising scaffold candidates for odontogenic regeneration at least as HA-TCP, when they were applied with the DPSC induced for odontogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Atalayin
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Tezel
- Ege University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taner Dagci
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Gulperi Oktem
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Kose
- Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Izmir, Turkey
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The use of platelet-rich fibrin combined with periodontal ligament and jaw bone mesenchymal stem cell sheets for periodontal tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28126. [PMID: 27324079 PMCID: PMC4914939 DOI: 10.1038/srep28126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal regeneration involves the restoration of at least three unique tissues: cementum, periodontal ligament tissue (PDL) and alveolar bone tissue. Here, we first isolated human PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) and jaw bone mesenchymal stem cells (JBMSCs). These cells were then induced to form cell sheets using an ascorbic acid-rich approach, and the cell sheet properties, including morphology, thickness and gene expression profile, were compared. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) derived from human venous blood was then fabricated into bioabsorbable fibrin scaffolds containing various growth factors. Finally, the in vivo potential of a cell-material construct based on PDLSC sheets, PRF scaffolds and JBMSC sheets to form periodontal tissue was assessed in a nude mouse model. In this model, PDLSC sheet/PRF/JBMSC sheet composites were placed in a simulated periodontal space comprising human treated dentin matrix (TDM) and hydroxyapatite (HA)/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) frameworks. Eight weeks after implantation, the PDLSC sheets tended to develop into PDL-like tissues, while the JBMSC sheets tended to produce predominantly bone-like tissues. In addition, the PDLSC sheet/PRF/JBMSC sheet composites generated periodontal tissue-like structures containing PDL- and bone-like tissues. Further improvements in this cell transplantation design may have the potential to provide an effective approach for future periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Asghari F, Salehi R, Agazadeh M, Alizadeh E, Adibkia K, Samiei M, Akbarzadeh A, Aval NA, Davaran S. The odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on hydroxyapatite-coated biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1163564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Asghari
- School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Agazadeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- School of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negar Abbasi Aval
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Davaran
- School of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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AbdulQader ST, Rahman IA, Thirumulu KP, Ismail H, Mahmood Z. Effect of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold porosities on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. J Biomater Appl 2016; 30:1300-11. [PMID: 26740503 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215625759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphates (CaP) of different porosities have been widely and successfully used as scaffolds with osteoblast cells for bone tissue regeneration. However, the effects of scaffold porosities on cell viability and differentiation of human dental pulp cells for dentin tissue regeneration are not well known. In this study, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds of 20/80 hydroxyapatite to beta tricalcium phosphate ratio with a mean pore size of 300 μm were prepared into BCP1, BCP2, BCP3, and BCP4 of 25%, 50%, 65%, and 75% of total porosities, respectively. The extracts of these scaffolds were assessed with regard to cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. The high alkalinity, and more calcium and phosphate ions release that were exhibited by BCP3 and BCP4 decreased the viability and proliferation of human dental pulp cells as compared to BCP1 and BCP2. BCP2 significantly increased both cell viability and cell proliferation. However, the cells cultured with BCP3 extract revealed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and high expression of odontoblast related genes, collagen type I alpha 1, dentin matrix protein-1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein as compared to that cultured with BCP1, BCP2, and BCP4 extracts. The results highlight the effect of different scaffold porosities on the cell microenvironment and demonstrate that BCP3 scaffold of 65% porosity can support human dental pulp cells differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T AbdulQader
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ismail A Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kannan P Thirumulu
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ismail
- School of Materials and Minerals Resource Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zuliani Mahmood
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Rathinam E, Rajasekharan S, Chitturi RT, Martens L, De Coster P. Gene Expression Profiling and Molecular Signaling of Dental Pulp Cells in Response to Tricalcium Silicate Cements: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2015; 41:1805-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Aurrekoetxea M, Garcia-Gallastegui P, Irastorza I, Luzuriaga J, Uribe-Etxebarria V, Unda F, Ibarretxe G. Dental pulp stem cells as a multifaceted tool for bioengineering and the regeneration of craniomaxillofacial tissues. Front Physiol 2015; 6:289. [PMID: 26528190 PMCID: PMC4607862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells, or DPSC, are neural crest-derived cells with an outstanding capacity to differentiate along multiple cell lineages of interest for cell therapy. In particular, highly efficient osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of DPSC can be achieved using simple in vitro protocols, making these cells a very attractive and promising tool for the future treatment of dental and periodontal diseases. Among craniomaxillofacial organs, the tooth and salivary gland are two such cases in which complete regeneration by tissue engineering using DPSC appears to be possible, as research over the last decade has made substantial progress in experimental models of partial or total regeneration of both organs, by cell recombination technology. Moreover, DPSC seem to be a particularly good choice for the regeneration of nerve tissues, including injured or transected cranial nerves. In this context, the oral cavity appears to be an excellent testing ground for new regenerative therapies using DPSC. However, many issues and challenges need yet to be addressed before these cells can be employed in clinical therapy. In this review, we point out some important aspects on the biology of DPSC with regard to their use for the reconstruction of different craniomaxillofacial tissues and organs, with special emphasis on cranial bones, nerves, teeth, and salivary glands. We suggest new ideas and strategies to fully exploit the capacities of DPSC for bioengineering of the aforementioned tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Aurrekoetxea
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia Garcia-Gallastegui
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Igor Irastorza
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Jon Luzuriaga
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Verónica Uribe-Etxebarria
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Unda
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
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Cha Y, Jeon M, Lee HS, Kim S, Kim SO, Lee JH, Song JS. Effects of In Vitro Osteogenic Induction on In Vivo Tissue Regeneration by Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:1462-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Conde MCM, Chisini LA, Demarco FF, Nör JE, Casagrande L, Tarquinio SBC. Stem cell-based pulp tissue engineering: variables enrolled in translation from the bench to the bedside, a systematic review of literature. Int Endod J 2015; 49:543-50. [PMID: 26101143 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy (SC-BT) is emerging as an alternative for endodontic therapies. The interaction between stem cells and scaffolds plays a crucial role in the generation of a 'friendly cell' microenvironment. The aim of this systematic review was to explore techniques applied to regenerate the pulp-dentine complex tissue using SC-BT. An electronic search into the SciVerse Scopus (SS), ISI Web Science (IWS) and Entrez PubMed (EP) using specific keywords was performed. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were predetermined. The search yielded papers, out of which full-text papers were included in the final analyses. Data extraction pooled the results in four main topics: (a) influence of the chemical properties of the scaffolds over cell behaviour; (b) influence of the physical characteristics of scaffolds over cell behaviour; (c) strategies applied to improve the stem cell/scaffold interface; and (d) influence of cue microenvironment on stem cell differentiation towards odontoblast-like cells and pulp-like tissue formation. The relationship between the scaffolds, the environment and the growth factors released from dentine are critical for de novo pulp tissue regeneration. The preconditioning of dentine walls with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was imperative for successful pulp-dentine complex regeneration. An analyses of the grouped results revealed that pulp regeneration was an attainable goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C M Conde
- Post Graduation Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - L A Chisini
- Post Graduation Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F F Demarco
- Post Graduation Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Post graduation program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L Casagrande
- Department of Oral Surgery and Orthopedics, Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - S B C Tarquinio
- Department of Semiology and Clinics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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44
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Gamie Z, MacFarlane RJ, Tomkinson A, Moniakis A, Tran GT, Gamie Y, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 14:1611-39. [PMID: 25303322 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.945414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a wide variety of tissues for bone tissue engineering such as bone marrow, adipose, birth-associated, peripheral blood, periosteum, dental and muscle. MSCs from human fetal bone marrow and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are also promising cell sources. AREAS COVERED In vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence was collected using MEDLINE® (1950 to January 2014), EMBASE (1980 to January 2014) and Google Scholar (1980 to January 2014) databases. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced results have been found when combining bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) with recently developed scaffolds such as glass ceramics and starch-based polymeric scaffolds. Preclinical studies investigating adipose tissue-derived stem cells and umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells suggest that they are likely to become promising alternatives. Stem cells derived from periosteum and dental tissues such as the periodontal ligament have an osteogenic potential similar to BMMSCs. Stem cells from human fetal bone marrow have demonstrated superior proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than perinatal and postnatal tissues. Despite ethical concerns and potential for teratoma formation, developments have also been made for the use of ESCs in terms of culture and ideal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakareya Gamie
- Aristotle University Medical School, 'PapaGeorgiou' Hospital, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki , Greece
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45
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Bhatnagar D, Bherwani AK, Simon M, Rafailovich MH. Biomineralization on enzymatically cross-linked gelatin hydrogels in the absence of dexamethasone. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5210-5219. [PMID: 32262596 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A mechanical stimulus and chemical induction by dexamethasone have been important factors in dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) differentiation and biomineralization. We have demonstrated that the enzymatically crosslinked gelatin hydrogels are extremely effective substrates for DPSC differentiation towards odontoblasts. DPSCs were seeded on the crosslinked hard (∼8 kPa) and soft (∼0.15 kPa) gelatin hydrogels for 35 days with and without dexamethasone. Odontogenic differentiation markers such as OCN, ALP and DSPP were upregulated after 35 days of culture on crosslinked hydrogels with and without dexamethasone. SEM and Alizarin red staining of the crosslinked hydrogels showed a biomineralized sheet of hydroxyapatite deposits laid by the DPSCs on the top surface and inside the hydrogel. We found that the DPSC differentiation and biomineralization were independent of the hydrogel stiffness and dexamethasone. We hypothesize that this biomineralization was indeed triggered by the surface chemistry of the crosslinked gelatin hydrogels since we did not observe any biomineralization on the uncrosslinked gelatin or mTG. We also showed that the DPSCs, when removed from hard hydrogel surfaces and re-seeded on a TCPS, retained their odontogenic lineage and showed a permanent mineralization effect. Our results show the potential of enzymatically crosslinked gelatin hydrogels as scaffolds for dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhatnagar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA.
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46
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Osteogenic Potential of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies: A Systematic Review Using Modified ARRIVE and CONSORT Guidelines. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:378368. [PMID: 26106427 PMCID: PMC4464683 DOI: 10.1155/2015/378368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. Dental stem cell-based tissue engineered constructs are emerging as a promising alternative to autologous bone transfer for treating bone defects. The purpose of this review is to systematically assess the preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies which have evaluated the efficacy of dental stem cells on bone regeneration. Methods. A literature search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to October 2014. Implantation of dental stem cells in animal models for evaluating bone regeneration and/or in vitro studies demonstrating osteogenic potential of dental stem cells were included. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to ensure the quality of the search. Modified ARRIVE (Animal research: reporting in invivo experiments) and CONSORT (Consolidated reporting of trials) were used to critically analyze the selected studies. Results. From 1914 citations, 207 full-text articles were screened and 137 studies were included in this review. Because of the heterogeneity observed in the studies selected, meta-analysis was not possible. Conclusion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate the potential use of dental stem cells in bone regeneration. However well-designed randomized animal trials are needed before moving into clinical trials.
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47
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Asatrian G, Pham D, Hardy WR, James AW, Peault B. Stem cell technology for bone regeneration: current status and potential applications. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2015; 8:39-48. [PMID: 25709479 PMCID: PMC4334288 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s48423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Continued improvements in the understanding and application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have revolutionized tissue engineering. This is particularly true within the field of skeletal regenerative medicine. However, much remains unknown regarding the native origins of MSC, the relative advantages of different MSC populations for bone regeneration, and even the biologic safety of such unpurified, grossly characterized cells. This review will first summarize the initial discovery of MSC, as well as the current and future applications of MSC in bone tissue engineering. Next, the relative advantages and disadvantages of MSC isolated from distinct tissue origins are debated, including the MSC from adipose, bone marrow, and dental pulp, among others. The perivascular origin of MSC is next discussed. Finally, we briefly comment on pluripotent stem cell populations and their possible application in bone tissue engineering. While continually expanding, the field of MSC-based bone tissue engineering and regeneration shows potential to become a clinical reality in the not-so-distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Asatrian
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dalton Pham
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Winters R Hardy
- UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Peault
- UCLA/Orthopaedic Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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48
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Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase production by human dental pulp stromal cells is enhanced by high density cell culture. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:529-40. [PMID: 25636587 PMCID: PMC4529449 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface hydrolase tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) (also known as MSCA-1) is used to identify a sub-population of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with high mineralising potential and is found on subsets of cells within the dental pulp. We aim to determine whether TNAP is co-expressed by human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) alongside a range of BMSC markers, whether this is an active form of the enzyme and the effects of culture duration and cell density on its expression. Cells from primary dental pulp and culture expanded hDPSCs expressed TNAP. Subsequent analyses revealed persistent TNAP expression and co-expression with BMSC markers such as CD73 and CD90. Flow cytometry and biochemical assays showed that increased culture durations and cell densities enhanced TNAP expression by hDPSCs. Arresting the hDPSC cell cycle also increased TNAP expression. These data confirm that TNAP is co-expressed by hDPSCs together with other BMSC markers and show that cell density affects TNAP expression levels. We conclude that TNAP is a potentially useful marker for hDPSC selection especially for uses in mineralised tissue regenerative therapies.
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49
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AbdulQader ST, Kannan TP, Rahman IA, Ismail H, Mahmood Z. Effect of different calcium phosphate scaffold ratios on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 49:225-233. [PMID: 25686943 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) scaffolds have been widely and successfully used with osteoblast cells for bone tissue regeneration. However, it is necessary to investigate the effects of these scaffolds on odontoblast cells' proliferation and differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration. In this study, three different hydroxyapatite (HA) to beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds, BCP20, BCP50, and BCP80, with a mean pore size of 300μm and 65% porosity were prepared from phosphoric acid (H2PO4) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sintered at 1000°C for 2h. The extracts of these scaffolds were assessed with regard to cell viability and differentiation of odontoblasts. The high alkalinity, more calcium, and phosphate ions released that were exhibited by BCP20 decreased the viability of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) as compared to BCP50 and BCP80. However, the cells cultured with BCP20 extract expressed high alkaline phosphatase activity and high expression level of bone sialoprotein (BSP), dental matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes as compared to that cultured with BCP50 and BCP80 extracts. The results highlighted the effect of different scaffold ratios on the cell microenvironment and demonstrated that BCP20 scaffold can support HDPC differentiation for dentin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Talib AbdulQader
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Department of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ismail
- School of Materials and Minerals Resource Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zuliani Mahmood
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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50
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Jensen J, Kraft DCE, Lysdahl H, Foldager CB, Chen M, Kristiansen AA, Rölfing JHD, Bünger CE. Functionalization of polycaprolactone scaffolds with hyaluronic acid and β-TCP facilitates migration and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:729-39. [PMID: 25252795 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sought to assess the osteogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on three different polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. The backbone structure of the scaffolds was manufactured by fused deposition modeling (PCL scaffold). The composition and morphology was functionalized in two of the scaffolds. The first underwent thermal induced phase separation of PCL infused into the pores of the PCL scaffold. This procedure resulted in a highly variable micro- and nanostructured porous (NSP), interconnected, and isotropic tubular morphology (NSP-PCL scaffold). The second scaffold type was functionalized by dip-coating the PCL scaffold with a mixture of hyaluronic acid and β-TCP (HT-PCL scaffold). The scaffolds were cylindrical and measured 5 mm in height and 10 mm in diameter. They were seeded with 1×10(6) human DPSCs, a cell type known to express bone-related markers, differentiate into osteoblasts-like cells, and to produce a mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix. DPSCs were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry for CD90(+), CD73(+), CD105(+), and CD14(-). DNA, ALP, and Ca(2+) assays and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for genes involved in osteogenic differentiation were analyzed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21. Cell viability and distribution were assessed on day 1, 7, 14, and 21 by fluorescent-, scanning electron-, and confocal microscopy. The results revealed that the DPSCs expressed relevant gene expression consistent with osteogenic differentiation. The NSP-PCL and HT-PCL scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation and Ca(2+) deposition after 21 days of cultivation. Different gene expressions associated with mature osteoblasts were upregulated in these two scaffold types, suggesting that the methods in which the scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation, depends on functionalization approaches. However, only the HT-PCL scaffold was also able to support cell proliferation and cell migration resulting in even cell dispersion throughout the scaffold. In conclusion, DPSCs could be a possible alternate cell source for bone tissue engineering. The HT-PCL scaffold showed promising results in terms of promoting cell migration and osteogenic differentiation, which warrants future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Jensen
- 1 Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus, Denmark
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