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Mannocci F, Bitter K, Sauro S, Ferrari P, Austin R, Bhuva B. Present status and future directions: The restoration of root filled teeth. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 4:1059-1084. [PMID: 35808836 PMCID: PMC9796050 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review will focus on a number of contemporary considerations relating to the restoration of root filled teeth and future directions for research. Clinicians are now more than ever, aware of the interdependence of the endodontic and restorative aspects of managing root filled teeth, and how these aspects of treatment are fundamental to obtaining the best long-term survival. To obtain the optimal outcomes for patients, clinicians carrying out endodontic treatment should have a vested interest in the restorative phase of the treatment process, as well as an appreciation for the structural and biomechanical effects of endodontic-restorative procedures on restoration and tooth longevity. Furthermore, the currently available research, largely lacks appreciation of occlusal factors in the longevity of root filled teeth, despite surrogate outcomes demonstrating the considerable influence this variable has. Controversies regarding the clinical relevance of minimally invasive endodontic and restorative concepts are largely unanswered with respect to clinical data, and it is therefore, all too easy to dismiss these ideas due to the lack of scientific evidence. However, conceptually, minimally invasive endodontic-restorative philosophies appear to be valid, and therefore, in the pursuit of improved clinical outcomes, it is important that the efficacies of these treatment protocols are determined. Alongside an increased awareness of the preservation of tooth structure, developments in adhesive bonding, ceramic materials and the inevitable integration of digital dentistry, there is also a need to evaluate the efficacy of new treatment philosophies and techniques with well-designed prospective clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mannocci
- Department of EndodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kerstin Bitter
- Department of Operative and Preventive DentistryCharité ‐ University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad CEU‐Cardenal Herrera ValenciaAlfara del PatriarcaSpain
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Department of Operative DentistryUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Rupert Austin
- Department of ProsthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Bhavin Bhuva
- Department of EndodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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2
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Bikmulina P, Kosheleva N, Shpichka A, Yusupov V, Gogvadze V, Rochev Y, Timashev P. Photobiomodulation in 3D tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:090901. [PMID: 36104833 PMCID: PMC9473299 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.9.090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The method of photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used in medicine for a long time to promote anti-inflammation and pain-resolving processes in different organs and tissues. PBM triggers numerous cellular pathways including stimulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, alteration of the cytoskeleton, cell death prevention, increasing proliferative activity, and directing cell differentiation. The most effective wavelengths for PBM are found within the optical window (750 to 1100 nm), in which light can permeate tissues and other water-containing structures to depths of up to a few cm. PBM already finds its applications in the developing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the diversity of three-dimensional (3D) systems, irradiation sources, and protocols intricate the PBM applications. AIM We aim to discuss the PBM and 3D tissue engineered constructs to define the fields of interest for PBM applications in tissue engineering. APPROACH First, we provide a brief overview of PBM and the timeline of its development. Then, we discuss the optical properties of 3D cultivation systems and important points of light dosimetry. Finally, we analyze the cellular pathways induced by PBM and outcomes observed in various 3D tissue-engineered constructs: hydrogels, scaffolds, spheroids, cell sheets, bioprinted structures, and organoids. RESULTS Our summarized results demonstrate the great potential of PBM in the stimulation of the cell survival and viability in 3D conditions. The strategies to achieve different cell physiology states with particular PBM parameters are outlined. CONCLUSIONS PBM has already proved itself as a convenient and effective tool to prevent drastic cellular events in the stress conditions. Because of the poor viability of cells in scaffolds and the convenience of PBM devices, 3D tissue engineering is a perspective field for PBM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Bikmulina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yusupov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Troitsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yury Rochev
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Timashev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
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Rodrigues EM, Calvert ND, Crawford JC, Liu N, Shuhendler AJ, Hemmer E. Phytoglycogen Encapsulation of Lanthanide-Based Nanoparticles as an Optical Imaging Platform with Therapeutic Potential. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107130. [PMID: 35560500 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-based upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are largely sought-after for biomedical applications ranging from bioimaging to therapy. A straightforward strategy is proposed here using the naturally sourced polymer phytoglycogen to coencapsulate UCNPs with hydrophobic photosensitizers as an optical imaging platform and light-induced therapeutic agents. The resulting multifunctional sub-micrometer-sized luminescent beads are shown to be cytocompatible as carrier materials, which encourages the assessment of their potential in biomedical applications. The loading of UCNPs of various elemental compositions enables multicolor hyperspectral imaging of the UCNP-loaded beads, endowing these materials with the potential to serve as luminescent tags for multiplexed imaging or simultaneous detection of different moieties under near-infrared (NIR) excitation. Coencapsulation of UCNPs and Rose Bengal opens the door for potential application of these microcarriers for collagen crosslinking. Alternatively, coloading UCNPs with Chlorin e6 enables NIR-light triggered generation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, the developed encapsulation methodology offers a straightforward and noncytotoxic strategy yielding water-dispersible UCNPs while preserving their bright and color-tunable upconversion emission that would allow them to fulfill their potential as multifunctional platforms for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emille M Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nicholas D Calvert
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Justin C Crawford
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR), University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6X1, Canada
| | - Eva Hemmer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials Research (CAMaR), University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6X1, Canada
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Liberato MS, Cavalcante NGS, Sindu PA, Rodrigues-Jesus MJ, Zelenovskii P, Carreira ACO, Baptista MS, Sogayar MC, Ferreira LCS, Catalani LH. Histidine-based hydrogels via singlet-oxygen photooxidation. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10926-10934. [PMID: 34811564 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01023a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The formation of hydrogels by photosensitized oxidation and crosslinking of histidine-derived polymers is demonstrated for the first time. The photooxidation of pendant His mediated by singlet oxygen was used to promote covalent coupling by its dimerization. As a proof-of-concept, two systems were studied: (i) chondroitin sulfate (CS) functionalized with His, and (ii) an elastin-like peptide (ELP) containing His produced by recombinant techniques. Both materials were crosslinked by irradiation at 425 nm in the presence of Zn-porphyrin derivatives yielding His-based hydrogels. The molecular structure and physicochemical properties of ELP-His and other 5 ELPs with photooxidizable amino acids were studied in silica by computer simulation. A correlation between the protein conformation and its elastic properties is discussed. CS-His hydrogels demonstrate larger storage moduli than ELPs with other amino acids. The obtained results show the potential use of photooxidation to create a new type of His-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Liberato
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nayara G S Cavalcante
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - P Abinaya Sindu
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mônica J Rodrigues-Jesus
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pavel Zelenovskii
- Department of Chemistry & CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana C O Carreira
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), Medical School, University of São Paulo, 05508-220, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL), Medical School, University of São Paulo, 05508-220, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís C S Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Catalani
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Braun J, Eckes S, Kilb MF, Fischer D, Eßbach C, Rommens PM, Drees P, Schmitz K, Nickel D, Ritz U. Mechanical characterization of rose bengal and green light crosslinked collagen scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab059. [PMID: 34858633 PMCID: PMC8633790 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is one of the most important biomaterials for tissue engineering approaches. Despite its excellent biocompatibility, it shows the non-negligible disadvantage of poor mechanical stability. Photochemical crosslinking with rose bengal and green light (RGX) is an appropriate method to improve this property. The development of collagen laminates is helpful for further adjustment of the mechanical properties as well as the controlled release of incorporated substances. In this study, we investigate the impact of crosslinking and layering of two different collagen scaffolds on the swelling behavior and mechanical behavior in micro tensile tests to obtain information on its wearing comfort (stiffness, strength and ductility). The mechanical stability of the collagen material after degradation due to cell contact is examined using thickness measurements. There is no linear increase or decrease due to layering homologous laminates. Unexpectedly, a decrease in elongation at break, Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength are measured when the untreated monolayer is compared to the crosslinked one. Furthermore, we can detect a connection between stability and cell proliferation. The results show that with variation in number and type of layers, collagen scaffolds with tailored mechanical properties can be produced. Such a multi-layered structure enables the release of biomolecules into inner or outer layers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Braun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, BiomaTiCS, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Stefanie Eckes
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Michelle Fiona Kilb
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Berufsakademie Sachsen-Staatliche Studienakademie Glauchau, University of Cooperative Education, Kopernikusstraße 51, Glauchau 08371, Germany
| | - Claudia Eßbach
- Berufsakademie Sachsen-Staatliche Studienakademie Glauchau, University of Cooperative Education, Kopernikusstraße 51, Glauchau 08371, Germany
| | - Pol Maria Rommens
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, BiomaTiCS, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Philipp Drees
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, BiomaTiCS, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Daniela Nickel
- Berufsakademie Sachsen-Staatliche Studienakademie Glauchau, University of Cooperative Education, Kopernikusstraße 51, Glauchau 08371, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, BiomaTiCS, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
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6
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Ahn W, Lee JH, Kim SR, Lee J, Lee EJ. Designed protein- and peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical sciences. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1919-1940. [PMID: 33475659 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are fundamentally the most important macromolecules for biochemical, mechanical, and structural functions in living organisms. Therefore, they provide us with diverse structural building blocks for constructing various types of biomaterials, including an important class of such materials, hydrogels. Since natural peptides and proteins are biocompatible and biodegradable, they have features advantageous for their use as the building blocks of hydrogels for biomedical applications. They display constitutional and mechanical similarities with the native extracellular matrix (ECM), and can be easily bio-functionalized via genetic and chemical engineering with features such as bio-recognition, specific stimulus-reactivity, and controlled degradation. This review aims to give an overview of hydrogels made up of recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides as the structural elements building the polymer network. A wide variety of hydrogels composed of protein or peptide building blocks with different origins and compositions - including β-hairpin peptides, α-helical coiled coil peptides, elastin-like peptides, silk fibroin, and resilin - have been designed to date. In this review, the structures and characteristics of these natural proteins and peptides, with each of their gelation mechanisms, and the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties as well as biocompatibility of the resulting hydrogels are described. In addition, this review discusses the potential of using protein- or peptide-based hydrogels in the field of biomedical sciences, especially tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonkyung Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea. and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hwan Lee
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Rin Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeewon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zhang R, Teramura Y, Fukazawa K, Ishihara K. Phospholipid Polymer Hydrogel Matrices with Dually Immobilized Cytokines for Accelerating Secretion of the Extracellular Matrix by Encapsulated Cells. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000114. [PMID: 32567166 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Construction of 3D tissues by various types of cells with specific characteristics is an important and fundamental technology in tissue reconstruction medicine and animal-free diagnosis system. To do so, an excellent extracellular matrix (ECM) is needed for encapsulation of cells and maintaining cell activity. Spontaneously forming hydrogel matrix is used by complexation between two water-soluble polymers, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer bearing phenylboronic acid groups and poly(vinyl alcohol). Two cytokines for cell proliferation are immobilized in the hydrogel matrix to control the activities of the encapsulated cells. The cytokine-immobilized hydrogel matrix can encapsulate both L929 fibroblasts and normal human dermal fibroblasts under mild condition. The physical properties of the hydrogel matrix can follow the proliferation process of the encapsulated cells. The encapsulated cells secrete ECM in the polymer hydrogel networks upon 3D culturing for 7 days. Consequently, the tissue-mimicking ECM hybrid hydrogels are fabricated successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
| | - Kyoko Fukazawa
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ishihara
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan
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8
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Microtissue Engineering Root Dentin with Photodynamically Cross-linked Nanoparticles Improves Fatigue Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth. J Endod 2020; 46:668-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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S. N, Easwaramoorthi S, Rao JR, Thanikaivelan P. Probing visible light induced photochemical stabilization of collagen in green solvent medium. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:779-786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Gao Y, Du H, Xie Z, Li M, Zhu J, Xu J, Zhang L, Tao J, Zhu J. Self-adhesive photothermal hydrogel films for solar-light assisted wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00481e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-adhesive photothermal hydrogel films can adhere to skin wound and convert solar light into heat, warming up the wound locally and promoting wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Gao
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Hongyao Du
- Department of Dermatology
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- HUST
- Wuhan 430022
| | - Zhanjun Xie
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department of Dermatology
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- HUST
- Wuhan 430022
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology
- Union Hospital
- Tongji Medical College
- HUST
- Wuhan 430022
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Lab of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
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Taylor DA, Sampaio LC, Ferdous Z, Gobin AS, Taite LJ. Decellularized matrices in regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:74-89. [PMID: 29702289 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Of all biologic matrices, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has emerged as a promising tool used either alone or when combined with other biologics in the fields of tissue engineering or regenerative medicine - both preclinically and clinically. dECM provides a native cellular environment that combines its unique composition and architecture. It can be widely obtained from native organs of different species after being decellularized and is entitled to provide necessary cues to cells homing. In this review, the superiority of the macro- and micro-architecture of dECM is described as are methods by which these unique characteristics are being harnessed to aid in the repair and regeneration of organs and tissues. Finally, an overview of the state of research regarding the clinical use of different matrices and the common challenges faced in using dECM are provided, with possible solutions to help translate naturally derived dECM matrices into more robust clinical use. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Ideal scaffolds mimic nature and provide an environment recognized by cells as proper. Biologically derived matrices can provide biological cues, such as sites for cell adhesion, in addition to the mechanical support provided by synthetic matrices. Decellularized extracellular matrix is the closest scaffold to nature, combining unique micro- and macro-architectural characteristics with an equally unique complex composition. The decellularization process preserves structural integrity, ensuring an intact vasculature. As this multifunctional structure can also induce cell differentiation and maturation, it could become the gold standard for scaffolds.
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12
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Sivasubramanian S, Mohana S, Maheswari P, Victoria V, Thangam R, Mahalingam J, Chandrasekar-Janebjer G, Savariar V, Madhan B, Gunasekaran P, Kitambi SS. Leprosy-associated Chronic Wound Management Using Biomaterials. J Glob Infect Dis 2018; 10:99-107. [PMID: 29910571 PMCID: PMC5987379 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_79_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deformities and neuropathic chronic ulcers are the common features associated with leprosy-cured individuals that impact their quality of life and impair rehabilitation efforts. The challenging aspects for treatment of chronic wounds are the factors that inhibit healing. We reasoned that limited success of various therapeutic interventions could be due to the fact that leprosy-cured individual's physiology gets acclimatized to having a chronic wound that any therapeutic intervention is counterbalanced to maintain status quo at the wound site. Therefore, an alternative strategy would be to use biomaterials that gradually alter the wound site allowing the individual's physiology to participate in the healing process. Aims: Developing the human amnion (Amn)-derived biomaterial scaffolds and evaluating its use to heal chronic wounds in leprosy-cured but deformed persons (LCDPs). Materials and Methods: Using an enzymatic protocol, we have developed a rapid method to generate biomaterial scaffolds from discarded human Amn. A clinical trial on 26 LCDPs was performed with the biomaterial, and its wound-healing potential was then compared with LCDPs undergoing standard treatment procedure. Results: Biomaterial-based treatment of chronic wounds on LCDP displayed a higher efficiency in healing when compared to standard treatment. Conclusions: This study exemplifies that biomaterial-based treatment of leprosy-wounds offers an excellent affordable alternative for wound management. This study underlines the importance of involving both local wound environment and systemic effects for healing. In addition, we highlight wound healing as a necessity for successful rehabilitation and reintegration of leprosy-cured person into the society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sambasivam Mohana
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paulraj Maheswari
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Victor Victoria
- Center for Environmental Research and Development, LIFE, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayashri Mahalingam
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Institute for Healthcare Education and Translational Sciences (IHETS), Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | | | - Vincent Savariar
- Center for Environmental Research and Development, LIFE, Loyola College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaraman Madhan
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Palani Gunasekaran
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satish S Kitambi
- Institute for Healthcare Education and Translational Sciences (IHETS), Hyderabad, Telengana, India.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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van Uden S, Silva-Correia J, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Current strategies for treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration: substitution and regeneration possibilities. Biomater Res 2017; 21:22. [PMID: 29085662 PMCID: PMC5651638 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-017-0106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration has an annual worldwide socioeconomic impact masked as low back pain of over 70 billion euros. This disease has a high prevalence over the working age class, which raises the socioeconomic impact over the years. Acute physical trauma or prolonged intervertebral disc mistreatment triggers a biochemical negative tendency of catabolic-anabolic balance that progress to a chronic degeneration disease. Current biomedical treatments are not only ineffective in the long-run, but can also cause degeneration to spread to adjacent intervertebral discs. Regenerative strategies are desperately needed in the clinics, such as: minimal invasive nucleus pulposus or annulus fibrosus treatments, total disc replacement, and cartilaginous endplates decalcification. Main body Herein, it is reviewed the state-of-the-art of intervertebral disc regeneration strategies from the perspective of cells, scaffolds, or constructs, including both popular and unique tissue engineering approaches. The premises for cell type and origin selection or even absence of cells is being explored. Choice of several raw materials and scaffold fabrication methods are evaluated. Extensive studies have been developed for fully regeneration of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, together or separately, with a long set of different rationales already reported. Recent works show promising biomaterials and processing methods applied to intervertebral disc substitutive or regenerative strategies. Facing the abundance of studies presented in the literature aiming intervertebral disc regeneration it is interesting to observe how cartilaginous endplates have been extensively neglected, being this a major source of nutrients and water supply for the whole disc. Conclusion Several innovative avenues for tackling intervertebral disc degeneration are being reported – from acellular to cellular approaches, but the cartilaginous endplates regeneration strategies remain unaddressed. Interestingly, patient-specific approaches show great promise in respecting patient anatomy and thus allow quicker translation to the clinics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião van Uden
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR Gandra, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga Portugal.,Present Address: Bioengineering Laboratories Srl, Viale Brianza 8, Meda, Italy.,Present Address: Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 Milan, Italy
| | - Joana Silva-Correia
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR Gandra, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga Portugal
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR Gandra, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Luís Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco GMR Gandra, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco Guimarães, Portugal
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Li Y, Wan W. Exploring Polymer Nanofiber Mechanics: A review of the methods for determining their properties. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2017.2708819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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15
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Sivasubramanian S, Chandrasekar G, Svensson Akusjärvi S, Thangam R, Sathuvan M, Kumar RBS, Hussein H, Vincent S, Madhan B, Gunasekaran P, Kitambi SS. Phenotypic Screening Identifies Synergistically Acting Natural Product Enhancing the Performance of Biomaterial Based Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:433. [PMID: 28769790 PMCID: PMC5513901 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of multifunctional wound heal biomaterial relies on the optimal content of therapeutic constituents as well as the desirable physical, chemical, and biological properties to accelerate the healing process. Formulating biomaterials such as amnion or collagen based scaffolds with natural products offer an affordable strategy to develop dressing material with high efficiency in healing wounds. Using image based phenotyping and quantification, we screened natural product derived bioactive compounds for modulators of types I and III collagen production from human foreskin derived fibroblast cells. The identified hit was then formulated with amnion to develop a biomaterial, and its biophysical properties, in vitro and in vivo effects were characterized. In addition, we performed functional profiling analyses by PCR array to understand the effect of individual components of these materials on various genes such as inflammatory mediators including chemokines and cytokines, growth factors, fibroblast stimulating markers for collagen secretion, matrix metalloproteinases, etc., associated with wound healing. FACS based cell cycle analyses were carried out to evaluate the potential of biomaterials for induction of proliferation of fibroblasts. Western blot analyses was done to examine the effect of biomaterial on collagen synthesis by cells and compared to cells grown in the presence of growth factors. This work demonstrated an uncomplicated way of identifying components that synergistically promote healing. Besides, we demonstrated that modulating local wound environment using biomaterials with bioactive compounds could enhance healing. This study finds that the developed biomaterials offer immense scope for healing wounds by means of their skin regenerative features such as anti-inflammatory, fibroblast stimulation for collagen secretion as well as inhibition of enzymes and markers impeding the healing, hydrodynamic properties complemented with other features including non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gayathri Chandrasekar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska InstitutetSolna, Sweden
| | | | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and ResearchChennai, India
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Leather Research InstituteChennai, India
| | - Malairaj Sathuvan
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and ResearchChennai, India
| | - R. B. S. Kumar
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and ResearchChennai, India
| | - Hawraa Hussein
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska InstitutetSolna, Sweden
| | - Savariar Vincent
- Center for Environmental Research and Development, Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Loyola CollegeChennai, India
| | - Balaraman Madhan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Central Leather Research InstituteChennai, India
| | - Palani Gunasekaran
- Department of Virology, King Institute of Preventive Medicine and ResearchChennai, India
| | - Satish S. Kitambi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska InstitutetSolna, Sweden
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Chaudhari AA, Vig K, Baganizi DR, Sahu R, Dixit S, Dennis V, Singh SR, Pillai SR. Future Prospects for Scaffolding Methods and Biomaterials in Skin Tissue Engineering: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1974. [PMID: 27898014 PMCID: PMC5187774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Over centuries, the field of regenerative skin tissue engineering has had several advancements to facilitate faster wound healing and thereby restoration of skin. Skin tissue regeneration is mainly based on the use of suitable scaffold matrices. There are several scaffold types, such as porous, fibrous, microsphere, hydrogel, composite and acellular, etc., with discrete advantages and disadvantages. These scaffolds are either made up of highly biocompatible natural biomaterials, such as collagen, chitosan, etc., or synthetic materials, such as polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly-ethylene-glycol (PEG), etc. Composite scaffolds, which are a combination of natural or synthetic biomaterials, are highly biocompatible with improved tensile strength for effective skin tissue regeneration. Appropriate knowledge of the properties, advantages and disadvantages of various biomaterials and scaffolds will accelerate the production of suitable scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration applications. At the same time, emphasis on some of the leading challenges in the field of skin tissue engineering, such as cell interaction with scaffolds, faster cellular proliferation/differentiation, and vascularization of engineered tissues, is inevitable. In this review, we discuss various types of scaffolding approaches and biomaterials used in the field of skin tissue engineering and more importantly their future prospects in skin tissue regeneration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul A Chaudhari
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Komal Vig
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | | | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Vida Dennis
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| | - Shreekumar R Pillai
- Center for Nanobiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
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Controlled release of a heterogeneous human placental matrix from PLGA microparticles to modulate angiogenesis. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:174-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Light-Activated Sealing of Nerve Graft Coaptation Sites Improves Outcome following Large Gap Peripheral Nerve Injury. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 136:739-750. [PMID: 26397251 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nerve repair using photochemically bonded human amnion nerve wraps can result in superior outcomes in comparison with standard suture. When applied to nerve grafts, efficacy has been limited by proteolytic degradation of bonded amnion during extended periods of recovery. Chemical cross-linking of amnion before bonding may improve wrap durability and efficacy. METHODS Three nerve wraps (amnion, cross-linked amnion, and cross-linked swine intestinal submucosa) and three fixation methods (suture, fibrin glue, and photochemical bonding) were investigated. One hundred ten Lewis rats had 15-mm left sciatic nerve gaps repaired with isografts. Nine groups (n = 10) had isografts secured by one of the aforementioned wrap/fixation combinations. Positive and negative control groups (n = 10) were repaired with graft and suture and no repair, respectively. Outcomes were assessed using sciatic function index, muscle mass retention, and histomorphometry. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and the post hoc Bonferroni test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Cross-linking improved amnion durability. Photochemically bonded cross-linked amnion recovered the greatest sciatic function index, although this was not significant in comparison with graft and suture. Photochemically bonded cross-linked amnion recovered significantly greater muscle mass (67.3 ± 4.4 percent versus 60.0 ± 5.2 percent; p = 0.02), fiber diameter, axon diameter, and myelin thickness (6.87 ± 2.23 μm versus 5.47 ± 1.70 μm; 4.51 ± 1.83 μm versus 3.50 ± 1.44 μm; and 2.35 ± 0.64 μm versus 1.96 ± 0.47 μm, respectively) in comparison with graft and suture. CONCLUSION Light-activated sealing of cross-linked human amnion results in superior outcomes when compared with conventional suture.
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Zhang YN, Avery RK, Vallmajo-Martin Q, Assmann A, Vegh A, Memic A, Olsen BD, Annabi N, Khademhosseini A. A Highly Elastic and Rapidly Crosslinkable Elastin-Like Polypeptide-Based Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2015; 25:4814-4826. [PMID: 26523134 PMCID: PMC4623594 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201501489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are promising for biomedical applications due to their unique thermoresponsive and elastic properties. ELP-based hydrogels have been produced through chemical and enzymatic crosslinking or photocrosslinking of modified ELPs. Herein, a photocrosslinked ELP gel using only canonical amino acids is presented. The inclusion of thiols from a pair of cysteine residues in the ELP sequence allows disulfide bond formation upon exposure to UV light, leading to the formation of a highly elastic hydrogel. The physical properties of the resulting hydrogel such as mechanical properties and swelling behavior can be easily tuned by controlling ELP concentrations. The biocompatibility of the engineered ELP hydrogels is shown in vitro as well as corroborated in vivo with subcutaneous implantation of hydrogels in rats. ELP constructs demonstrate long-term structural stability in vivo, and early and progressive host integration with no immune response, suggesting their potential for supporting wound repair. Ultimately, functionalized ELPs demonstrate the ability to function as an in vivo hemostatic material over bleeding wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Reginald K. Avery
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Queralt Vallmajo-Martin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Assmann
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Vegh
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S1A4, Canada
| | - Adnan Memic
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
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Choy ATH, Chan BP. A Structurally and Functionally Biomimetic Biphasic Scaffold for Intervertebral Disc Tissue Engineering. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131827. [PMID: 26115332 PMCID: PMC4482706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering offers high hopes for the treatment of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Whereas scaffolds of the disc nucleus and annulus have been extensively studied, a truly biomimetic and mechanically functional biphasic scaffold using naturally occurring extracellular matrix is yet to be developed. Here, a biphasic scaffold was fabricated with collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), two of the most abundant extracellular matrix components in the IVD. Following fabrication, the scaffold was characterized and benchmarked against native disc. The biphasic scaffold was composed of a collagen-GAG co-precipitate making up the nucleus pulposus-like core, and this was encapsulated in multiple lamellae of photochemically crosslinked collagen membranes comprising the annulus fibrosus-like lamellae. On mechanical testing, the height of our engineered disc recovered by ~82-89% in an annulus-independent manner, when compared with the 99% recovery exhibited by native disc. The annulus-independent nature of disc height recovery suggests that the fluid replacement function of the engineered nucleus pulposus core might mimic this hitherto unique feature of native disc. Biphasic scaffolds comprised of 10 annulus fibrosus-like lamellae had the best overall mechanical performance among the various designs owing to their similarity to native disc in most aspects, including elastic compliance during creep and recovery, and viscous compliance during recovery. However, the dynamic mechanical performance (including dynamic stiffness and damping factor) of all the biphasic scaffolds was similar to that of the native discs. This study contributes to the rationalized design and development of a biomimetic and mechanically viable biphasic scaffold for IVD tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tsz Hang Choy
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail:
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Kwak EA, Ahn S, Jaworski J. Microfabrication of Custom Collagen Structures Capable of Guiding Cell Morphology and Alignment. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1761-70. [PMID: 25955148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of biological components into structural analogues of native tissues to simulate an environment for directing cell growth is one important strategy in biomaterials fabrication. It is widely accepted that chemical, mechanical, and topological cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) provide important signals for guiding cells to exhibit characteristic polarity, orientation, and morphology. To fully understand the delicate relationship between cell behavior and ECM features, biomaterials fabrication requires improved techniques for tailoring nano/microstructured patterns from relevant biological building blocks rather than using nonbiological materials. Here we reveal a unique approach for the nano/microfabrication of custom patterned biomaterials using collagen as the sole building material. With this new fabrication technique, we further revealed that custom collagen patterns could direct the orientation and morphology of fibroblast growth as a function of vertex density and pattern spacing. Our findings suggest that this technique may be readily adopted for the free form fabrication of custom cell scaffolds purely from natural biological molecules including collagen, among other relevant ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-A Kwak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Suji Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Justyn Jaworski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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22
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Wang T, Peng Y, Shen N, Yu Y, Yao M, Zhu J. Photochemical activation increases the porcine corneal stiffness and resistance to collagenase digestion. Exp Eye Res 2014; 123:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mesenchymal stem cell-collagen microspheres for articular cartilage repair: cell density and differentiation status. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1919-29. [PMID: 24418436 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) hold promise for cartilage repair. A microencapsulation technique was previously established to entrap MSC in collagen microspheres, and the collagen fibrous meshwork was found to be an excellent scaffold for supporting MSC survival, growth and differentiation. This study investigates the importance of cell density and differentiation status of MSC-collagen microspheres in cartilage repair. MSC were isolated from rabbit bone marrow and encapsulated in collagen microspheres. The effects of pre-differentiating the encapsulated MSC into chondrogenic lineages and different cell densities on cartilage repair were investigated in rabbits. Implantation of undifferentiated collagen-MSC microspheres formed hyaline-like cartilage rich in type II collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) at 1month post-implantation. By 6months, hyaline cartilage rich in type II collagen and GAG, but negative for type I collagen, and partial zonal organization were found in both undifferentiated and chondrogenically differentiated groups in the high cell density group. The undifferentiated group and high cell density group significantly improved the O'Driscoll histological score. Moreover, the undifferentiated group significantly increased the GAG content. The mechanically differentiated group showed stiffer but thinner cartilage, while the undifferentiated group showed thicker but softer cartilage compared with their respective contra-lateral controls. This work suggests that a higher local cell density favors cartilage regeneration, regardless of the differentiation status of MSC, while the differentiation status of MSC does significantly affect regeneration outcomes.
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Rich H, Odlyha M, Cheema U, Mudera V, Bozec L. Effects of photochemical riboflavin-mediated crosslinks on the physical properties of collagen constructs and fibrils. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:11-21. [PMID: 24006048 PMCID: PMC3890585 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of collagen scaffold in tissue engineering is on the rise, as modifications to mechanical properties are becoming more effective in strengthening constructs whilst preserving the natural biocompatibility. The combined technique of plastic compression and cross-linking is known to increase the mechanical strength of the collagen construct. Here, a modified protocol for engineering these collagen constructs is used to bring together a plastic compression method, combined with controlled photochemical crosslinking using riboflavin as a photoinitiator. In order to ascertain the effects of the photochemical crosslinking approach and the impact of the crosslinks created upon the properties of the engineered collagen constructs, the constructs were characterized both at the macroscale and at the fibrillar level. The resulting constructs were found to have a 2.5 fold increase in their Young's modulus, reaching a value of 650 ± 73 kPa when compared to non-crosslinked control collagen constructs. This value is not yet comparable to that of native tendon, but it proves that combining a crosslinking methodology to collagen tissue engineering may offer a new approach to create stronger, biomimetic constructs. A notable outcome of crosslinking collagen with riboflavin is the collagen's greater affinity for water; it was demonstrated that riboflavin crosslinked collagen retains water for a longer period of time compared to non-cross-linked control samples. The affinity of the cross-linked collagen to water also resulted in an increase of individual collagen fibrils' cross-sectional area as function of the crosslinking. These changes in water affinity and fibril morphology induced by the process of crosslinking could indicate that the crosslinked chains created during the photochemical crosslinking process may act as intermolecular hydrophilic nanosprings. These intermolecular nanosprings would be responsible for a change in the fibril morphology to accommodate variable volume of water within the fibril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Rich
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marianne Odlyha
- Department of Biological Sciences Birkbeck, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of London, London, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vivek Mudera
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
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Chik TK, Ma XY, Choy TH, Li YY, Diao HJ, Teng WK, Han SJ, Cheung KMC, Chan BP. Photochemically crosslinked collagen annulus plug: a potential solution solving the leakage problem of cell-based therapies for disc degeneration. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8128-39. [PMID: 23751592 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intra-disc injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat disc degeneration may lead to unfavorable complications, particularly osteophyte formation. Development of an effective method to block the injection portal, prevent the leakage of injected cells and materials and, hence, prevent osteophyte formation is of the utmost importance before MSC-based therapies can be applied in a clinical setting. Here we seek to alleviate the cell leakage problem and the associated complication osteophyte formation by developing an injectable annulus plug to block the injection portal during intra-disc delivery. Specifically, we fabricated a needle-shaped collagen plug by photochemical crosslinking and successfully delivered it intra-discally, in association with MSCs in collagen microsphere carriers, using a custom-made delivery device. The mechanical performance of the plug and its effectiveness in reducing cell leakage were evaluated ex vivo under compression and in torsion push-out tests. The results demonstrate that the plug survived physiologically relevant loadings and significantly reduced leakage and enhanced retention of the injected materials. Finally, a pilot in vivo study in rabbits was conducted to evaluate the performance of the plug. Microcomputed tomography imaging and histology revealed that the plug significantly reduced osteophyte formation. This work suggests the potential of the annulus plug as an adjunct or annulus closure device for intra-disc delivery of cells and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Chik
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Groen N, van de Peppel J, Yuan H, van Leeuwen JP, van Blitterswijk CA, de Boer J. Bioinformatics-based selection of a model cell type for in vitro biomaterial testing. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5552-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wang J, Wan Y, Huang Y. Immobilisation of heparin on bacterial cellulose-chitosan nano-fibres surfaces via the cross-linking technique. IET Nanobiotechnol 2012; 6:52-7. [PMID: 22559707 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2011.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, bacterial cellulose (BC) has been fabricated in tubular shape as scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. However, in order to improve the blood compatibility and regenerative ability of BC, BC nano-fibres should be cross-linked with some materials which can prevent the formation of blood clot. In this work, a novel BC-chitosan (CS)/heparin (Hep) composite was prepared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyse the obtained samples. It is observed by SEM and TEM that the obtained composites remain the three-dimensional (3D) network and porous structure. The results of XRD reveal that the curve of BC-CS/Hep composite assumes the characteristic absorption peaks of BC, CS and Hep. The FTIR results also confirm the presence of CS and Hep on the surface of BC nano-fibres. In conclusion, BC-CS/Hep composites were obtained by the co-synthesis technique and the cross-linking method, respectively. Furthermore, the MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded on the obtained samples to test the cell compatibility. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide results indicated that the BC-CS/Hep composites were suitable for cell proliferation and ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Tianjin University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Effects of a pseudophysiological environment on the elastic and viscoelastic properties of collagen gels. Int J Biomater 2012; 2012:319290. [PMID: 22844285 PMCID: PMC3403400 DOI: 10.1155/2012/319290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular tissue engineering focuses on the replacement of diseased small-diameter blood vessels with a diameter less than 6 mm for which adequate substitutes still do not exist. One approach to vascular tissue engineering is to culture vascular cells on a scaffold in a bioreactor. The bioreactor establishes pseudophysiological conditions for culture (medium culture, 37°C, mechanical stimulation). Collagen gels are widely used as scaffolds for tissue regeneration due to their biological properties; however, they exhibit low mechanical properties. Mechanical characterization of these scaffolds requires establishing the conditions of testing in regard to the conditions set in the bioreactor. The effects of different parameters used during mechanical testing on the collagen gels were evaluated in terms of mechanical and viscoelastic properties. Thus, a factorial experiment was adopted, and three relevant factors were considered: temperature (23°C or 37°C), hydration (aqueous saline solution or air), and mechanical preconditioning (with or without). Statistical analyses showed significant effects of these factors on the mechanical properties which were assessed by tensile tests as well as stress relaxation tests. The last tests provide a more consistent understanding of the gels' viscoelastic properties. Therefore, performing mechanical analyses on hydrogels requires setting an adequate environment in terms of temperature and aqueous saline solution as well as choosing the adequate test.
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Abstract
A lingering concern with restored root-filled teeth is the loss of structural integrity of the dentin and dentin-sealer interface over time. We hypothesized that crosslinking of dentin collagen with simultaneous incorporation of a biopolymer into collagen matrix would improve its structural stability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combining chemical/photodynamic crosslinking of dentin collagen with the incorporation of carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMCS) on the resistance to enzymatic degradation and mechanical properties of dentin collagen. Ninety-six demineralized dentin collagen specimens (human, n = 72; and bovine, n = 24) were prepared and crosslinked chemically/ photodynamically, with/without CMCS. Glutaraldehyde and carbodiimides were used for chemical crosslinking, while rose Bengal activated with a non-coherent light (540 nm) at 20 J/cm2 was applied for photodynamic crosslinking. The crosslinked human dentin collagen was subjected to chemical characterization, 7 days enzymatic degradation, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the bovine dentin collagen was used for tensile-testing. Crosslinked collagen showed significantly higher resistance to enzymatic degradation ( p < 0.01), stable ultrastructure, and increased tensile strength ( p < 0.05). Crosslinking CMCS with collagen matrix as observed in the TEM further improved the mechanical properties of dentin collagen ( p < 0.01). This study highlighted the possibility of improving the resistance and toughness of dentin collagen by chemically/photodynamically crosslinking collagen matrix with CMCS.
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Liu T, Teng WK, Chan BP, Chew SY. Photochemical crosslinked electrospun collagen nanofibers: synthesis, characterization and neural stem cell interactions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:276-82. [PMID: 20607867 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Currently available crosslinking methods for electrospun collagen nanofibers do not preserve the fibrous architecture over prolonged periods of time. In addition, electrospinning of collagen often involves solvents that lead to extensive protein denaturation. In this study, we demonstrate the advantage of acetic acid over 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoroisopropanol (HFP) in preventing collagen denaturation. A novel photochemical crosslinking method using rose bengal as the photoinitiator is also introduced. Using circular dichorism analyses, we demonstrate the fraction of collagen helical structure to be significantly greater in acetic acid-spun fibers than HFP-spun fibers (28.9 +/- 5.9% vs. 12.5 +/- 2.0%, p < 0.05). By introducing 0.1% (w/v) rose bengal into collagen fibers and subjecting these scaffolds to laser irradiation at a wavelength of 514 nm for 100 sec, biodegradable crosslinked scaffolds were obtained. Scaffold degradation as evaluated by soaking crosslinked collagen scaffolds in PBS at 37 degrees C, indicated a mass loss of 47.7 +/- 7.4% and 68.9 +/- 24.7% at day 7 and day 15, respectively. However, these scaffolds retained fibrous architecture for at least 21 days under physiological conditions. Neural stem cell line, C17.2, cultured on crosslinked collagen scaffolds proliferated after 7 days by forming a confluent layer of cells with extensive cellular projections that were indicative of neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these findings support the potential of acetic acid-electrospun photochemical crosslinked collagen nanofibers for neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459
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32
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Chan BP. Biomedical Applications of Photochemistry. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:509-22. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pui Chan
- Medical Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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33
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Wan Y, Gao C, Han M, Liang H, Ren K, Wang Y, Luo H. Preparation and characterization of bacterial cellulose/heparin hybrid nanofiber for potential vascular tissue engineering scaffolds. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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You Q, Wang F, Duan L, Du X, Xiao M, Shen Z. Construction of Small-Caliber, Polydiaxanone Cyclohexanone Vascular Stents. Cell Biochem Biophys 2010; 57:35-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-010-9081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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35
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Abstract
Bridging nerve gaps with suitable grafts is a major clinical problem. The autologous nerve graft is considered to be the gold standard, providing the best functional results; however, donor site morbidity is still a major disadvantage. Various attempts have been made to overcome the problems of autologous nerve grafts with artificial nerve tubes, which are “ready-to-use” in almost every situation. A wide range of materials have been used in animal models but only few have been applied to date clinically, where biocompatibility is an inevitable prerequisite. This review gives an idea about artificial nerve tubes with special focus on their biocompatibility in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stang
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, University of Luebeck, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +49-451-5002061; Fax: +49-451-5002190
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Hisham Fansa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Klinikum Bielefeld-Mitte, 33604 Bielefeld, Germany; E-Mail:
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36
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Preparation and Integration of Human Amnion Nerve Conduits Using a Light-Activated Technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124:428-437. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181af010c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
This article provides an up-to-date review on the applications of natural polymers, i.e., proteins, as materials for tissue engineering. Proteins are one of the important candidates for tissue engineering materials based on their superior biocompatibility, biodegradation, bioresorbability, and so on. However, their inferior mechanical properties limit their broad application. Currently-available proteins for application in tissue engineering or drug delivery systems, such as fibrin, collagen, zein, silk fibroin, keratin, casein and albumin, and the biodegradation of tissue-engineered substitutes based on proteins are presented. Techniques of scaffold fabrication are also mentioned. Problems and future possibilities for development of protein-based tissue-engineered substitutes are also introduced in this review.
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Chan BP, Leong KW. Scaffolding in tissue engineering: general approaches and tissue-specific considerations. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2008; 17 Suppl 4:467-79. [PMID: 19005702 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-008-0745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 821] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Scaffolds represent important components for tissue engineering. However, researchers often encounter an enormous variety of choices when selecting scaffolds for tissue engineering. This paper aims to review the functions of scaffolds and the major scaffolding approaches as important guidelines for selecting scaffolds and discuss the tissue-specific considerations for scaffolding, using intervertebral disc as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Chan
- Medical Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Room 711, Haking Wong Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chan OCM, So KF, Chan BP. Fabrication of nano-fibrous collagen microspheres for protein delivery and effects of photochemical crosslinking on release kinetics. J Control Release 2008; 129:135-43. [PMID: 18514352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein compatibility is important for protein drug delivery using microsphere-based devices. Collagen has excellent protein compatibility but has poor mechanical stability for microsphere fabrication and open meshwork for controlled release. In this study, a protein-compatible fabrication method for injectable collagen microspheres has been developed. The surface morphology, interior microstructure and protein release characteristics of collagen microspheres were investigated. Moreover, effects of photochemical crosslinking on these characteristics were also studied. Finally, the mechanisms governing the protein release and the retention of protein bioactivity were studied. Stable and injectable collagen microspheres consisting of nano-fibrous meshwork were successfully fabricated under ambient conditions in an organic solvent and crosslinking reagent-free manner. These microspheres have open meshwork and showed large initial burst and rapid release of proteins. Photochemical crosslinking significantly reduced the initial burst effect and controlled the protein release in a photosensitizer dose-dependent manner without significantly altering the mesh size. We further demonstrated that there was significantly higher protein retention within the photochemically crosslinked collagen microspheres as compared with the uncrosslinked, suggesting a secondary retention mechanism. Lastly, both surfactant treatment and photochemical crosslinking did not compromise the bioactivity of the encapsulated proteins. In summary, this study reports a novel collagen microsphere-based protein delivery system and demonstrates the possibility to use photochemical crosslinking as the secondary retention mechanism for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- O C M Chan
- Medical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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40
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Padalkar S, Zhao J, Stuart K, Panitch A, Rickus J, Stanciu L. Preparation of biomolecule gel matrices for electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2008; 108:309-13. [PMID: 17544217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a new sample preparation method that allows the direct transmission electron microscopy evaluation of the architectural characteristics of biomolecules entrapped in gel matrices. We demonstrate that this sample preparation technique can be used for the identification and ultrastructural characterization of liposomes, collagen I and collagen III embedded in gel matrices, and has the potential to be useful for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization of other biomolecule-gel matrix systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Padalkar
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2044, USA
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Stegemann JP, Kaszuba SN, Rowe SL. Review: advances in vascular tissue engineering using protein-based biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 13:2601-13. [PMID: 17961004 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2007.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The clinical need for improved blood vessel substitutes, especially in small-diameter applications, drives the field of vascular tissue engineering. The blood vessel has a well-characterized structure and function, but it is a complex tissue, and it has proven difficult to create engineered tissues that are suitable for widespread clinical use. This review is focused on approaches to vascular tissue engineering that use proteins as the primary matrix or "scaffold" material for creating fully biological blood vessel replacements. In particular, this review covers four main approaches to vascular tissue engineering: 1) cell-populated protein hydrogels, 2) cross-linked protein scaffolds, 3) decellularized native tissues, and 4) self-assembled scaffolds. Recent advances in each of these areas are discussed, along with advantages of and drawbacks to these approaches. The first fully biological engineered blood vessels have entered clinical trials, but important challenges remain before engineered vascular tissues will have a wide clinical effect. Cell sourcing and recapitulating the biological and mechanical function of the native blood vessel continue to be important outstanding hurdles. In addition, the path to commercialization for such tissues must be better defined. Continued progress in several complementary approaches to vascular tissue engineering is necessary before blood vessel substitutes can achieve their full potential in improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, NY 12180, USA.
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Tse THZ, Chan BP, Chan CM, Lam J. Mathematical modeling of guided neurite extension in an engineered conduit with multiple concentration gradients of nerve growth factor (NGF). Ann Biomed Eng 2007; 35:1561-72. [PMID: 17520368 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-007-9328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) provide essential cues to navigate growing axon toward their targets. Concentration and concentration gradient of NGF are key parameters affecting the growth rate and direction of neurites and axons. However, the maximum distance for guided nerve growth under stimulation of a single concentration gradient is limited and is thus unfavorable in nerve regeneration. Since the sensitivity of PC12 cells to NGF signals is restorable even after brief removal of the factors, exposure to multiple concentration gradients of the factor can achieve longer distances and greater rates of guided growth. In this study, a mathematical model simulating nerve growth in a virtually constructed nerve conduit incorporating multiple NGF concentration gradients is established. Using a genetic algorithm, optimized initial profiles of NGF able to achieve 4.5 cm of guided growth with a significantly improved growth rate has been obtained. The model also predicts an inverse relationship between the diffusion coefficient of the factor and the neurite growth rate. This model provides a useful tool for evaluating various conduit designs before fabrication and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Z Tse
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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