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Li S, Wang R, Huang L, Jiang Y, Xing F, Duan W, Cen Y, Zhang Z, Xie H. Promotion of diced cartilage survival and regeneration with grafting of small intestinal submucosa loaded with urine-derived stem cells. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13542. [PMID: 37723928 PMCID: PMC10849789 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage absorption and calcification are prone to occur after the implantation of diced cartilage wrapped with autologous materials, as well as prolong the operation time, aggravate surgical trauma and postoperative pain during the acquisition process. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has suitable toughness and excellent degradability, which has been widely used in the clinic. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs), as a new type of stem cells, have multi-directional differentiation potential. In this study, we attempt to create the tissue engineering membrane material, termed USCs-SIS (U-SIS), and wrap the diced cartilage with it, assuming that they can promote the survival and regeneration of cartilage. In this study, after co-culture with the SIS and U-SIS, the proliferation, migration and chondrogenesis ability of the auricular-derived chondrocyte cells (ACs) were significantly improved. Further, the expression levels of chondrocyte phenotype-related genes were up-regulated, whilst that of dedifferentiated genes was down-regulated. The signal pathway proteins (Wnt3a and Wnt5a) were also participated in regulation of chondrogenesis. In vivo, compared with perichondrium, the diced cartilage wrapped with the SIS and U-SIS attained higher survival rate, less calcification and absorption in both short and long terms. Particularly, USCs promoted chondrogenesis and modulated local immune responses via paracrine pathways. In conclusion, SIS have the potential to be a new choice of membrane material for diced cartilage graft. U-SIS can enhance survival and regeneration of diced cartilage as a bioactive membrane material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Medical Cosmetic Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yanlin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Weiqiang Duan
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Frontier Medical CenterTianfu Jincheng LaboratoryChengduSichuanChina
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2
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Jin P, Liu L, Chen X, Cheng L, Zhang W, Zhong G. Applications and prospects of different functional hydrogels in meniscus repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1082499. [PMID: 36568293 PMCID: PMC9773848 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1082499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The meniscus is a kind of fibrous cartilage structure that serves as a cushion in the knee joint to alleviate the mechanical load. It is commonly injured, but it cannot heal spontaneously. Traditional meniscectomy is not currently recommended as this treatment tends to cause osteoarthritis. Due to their good biocompatibility and versatile regulation, hydrogels are emerging biomaterials in tissue engineering. Hydrogels are excellent candidates in meniscus rehabilitation and regeneration because they are fine-tunable, easily modified, and capable of delivering exogenous drugs, cells, proteins, and cytokines. Various hydrogels have been reported to work well in meniscus-damaged animals, but few hydrogels are effective in the clinic, indicating that hydrogels possess many overlooked problems. In this review, we summarize the applications and problems of hydrogels in extrinsic substance delivery, meniscus rehabilitation, and meniscus regeneration. This study will provide theoretical guidance for new therapeutic strategies for meniscus repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jin
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Pan Jin, ; Gang Zhong,
| | - Lei Liu
- Articular Surgery, The Second Nanning People’s Hospital (Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, China
| | - Xichi Chen
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Weining Zhang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Gang Zhong
- Center for Materials Synthetic Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Pan Jin, ; Gang Zhong,
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3
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Ding G, Du J, Hu X, Ao Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Different Sources in Meniscus Repair and Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:796367. [PMID: 35573249 PMCID: PMC9091333 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.796367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscus damage is a common trauma that often arises from sports injuries or menisci tissue degeneration. Current treatment methods focus on the repair, replacement, and regeneration of the meniscus to restore its original function. The advance of tissue engineering provides a novel approach to restore the unique structure of the meniscus. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells found in tissues including bone marrow, peripheral blood, fat, and articular cavity synovium have shown specific advantages in meniscus repair. Although various studies explore the use of stem cells in repairing meniscal injuries from different sources and demonstrate their potential for chondrogenic differentiation, their meniscal cartilage-forming properties are yet to be systematically compared. Therefore, this review aims to summarize and compare different sources of mesenchymal stem cells for meniscal repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Ding
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Zhou YF, Zhang D, Yan WT, Lian K, Zhang ZZ. Meniscus Regeneration With Multipotent Stromal Cell Therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:796408. [PMID: 35237572 PMCID: PMC8883323 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.796408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniscus is a semilunar wedge-shaped structure with fibrocartilaginous tissue, which plays an essential role in preventing the deterioration and degeneration of articular cartilage. Lesions or degenerations of it can lead to the change of biomechanical properties in the joints, which ultimately accelerate the degeneration of articular cartilage. Even with the manual intervention, lesions in the avascular region are difficult to be healed. Recent development in regenerative medicine of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) has been investigated for the significant therapeutic potential in the repair of meniscal injuries. In this review, we provide a summary of the sources of MSCs involved in repairing and regenerative techniques, as well as the discussion of the avenues to utilizing these cells in MSC therapies. Finally, current progress on biomaterial implants was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wan-Ting Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng-Zheng Zhang, ; Kai Lian,
| | - Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng-Zheng Zhang, ; Kai Lian,
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5
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Zhao P, Li X, Fang Q, Wang F, Ao Q, Wang X, Tian X, Tong H, Bai S, Fan J. Surface modification of small intestine submucosa in tissue engineering. Regen Biomater 2020; 7:339-348. [PMID: 32793379 PMCID: PMC7414999 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of tissue engineering, the required biomaterials need to have the ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Especially, surface modification of the scaffold material has a great influence on biocompatibility and functionality of materials. The small intestine submucosa (SIS) is an extracellular matrix isolated from the submucosal layer of porcine jejunum, which has good tissue mechanical properties and regenerative activity, and is suitable for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. In recent years, SIS is widely used in different areas of tissue reconstruction, such as blood vessels, bone, cartilage, bladder and ureter, etc. This paper discusses the main methods for surface modification of SIS to improve and optimize the performance of SIS bioscaffolds, including functional group bonding, protein adsorption, mineral coating, topography and formatting modification and drug combination. In addition, the reasonable combination of these methods also offers great improvement on SIS surface modification. This article makes a shallow review of the surface modification of SIS and its application in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Cardiac Surgery, Liaoning First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Fanglin Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaohong Tian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hao Tong
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shuling Bai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Avenue, Shenbei New District, Shenyang 110122, China
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Mahmoud EE, Adachi N, Mawas AS, Gaarour OS, Ochi M. Coculturing of mesenchymal stem cells of different sources improved regenerative capability of osteochondral defect in the mature rabbit: An in vivo study. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2020; 27:2309499019839850. [PMID: 30955439 DOI: 10.1177/2309499019839850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Choosing a therapeutic cell source for osteochondral repair remains a challenge. The present study investigated coculturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources to provide an improved therapeutic cell option for osteochondral repair. METHODS Dutch and Japanese white rabbits were used in this study, the first for isolating MSCs and the second for creating an osteochondral model in the medial femoral condyle. The 26 rabbit knees were divided randomly into four groups: control ( n = 6), bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) ( n = 7), synovial tissue MSCs (SMSCs) ( n = 7), and cocultured MSCs ( n = 6). Tissue repair was assessed using the Fortier scale, and colony-forming assay was performed. RESULTS At different cell densities, cocultured and SMSCs formed larger colonies than BMSCs, indicating their high proliferative potential. After 2 months, complete filling of the defect with smooth surface regularity was detected in the cocultured MSC group, although there was no significant difference among the therapeutic groups macroscopically. Also, tissue repair was histologically better in the cocultured MSC group than in the control and SMSC groups, due to repair of the subchondral bone and coverage with hyaline cartilage. Additionally, toluidine blue and collagen-II staining intensity in the repaired tissue was better in the cocultured MSC group than in the remaining groups. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that cocultured MSCs are a suitable option for the regeneration capability of osteochondral defects due to their enhanced osteochondrogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Amany Sayed Mawas
- 3 Department of Pathology & Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Osama Samir Gaarour
- 4 Department of orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mitsuo Ochi
- 2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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7
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Liao J, Xu B, Zhang R, Fan Y, Xie H, Li X. Applications of decellularized materials in tissue engineering: advantages, drawbacks and current improvements, and future perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10023-10049. [PMID: 33053004 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01534b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized materials (DMs) are attracting more and more attention in tissue engineering because of their many unique advantages, and they could be further improved in some aspects through various means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Research and Teaching
- the Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City
- Baoding 072350
- China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
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8
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Feng Z, Fan Y, Guo J, Fu W. [Research progress of scaffold materials for tissue engineered meniscus]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2019; 33:1019-1028. [PMID: 31407563 PMCID: PMC8337896 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201810046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize and analyze the research progress of scaffold materials used in tissue engineered meniscus. METHODS The classification and bionics design of scaffold materials were summarized by consulting domestic and foreign literature related to the research of tissue engineered meniscus in recent years. RESULTS Tissue engineered meniscus scaffolds can be roughly classified into synthetic polymers, hydrogels, extracellular matrix components, and tissue derived materials. These different materials have different characteristics, so the use of a single material has its unique disadvantages, and the use of a variety of materials composite scaffolds can learn from each other, which is a hot research area at present. In addition to material selection, material processing methods are also the focus of research. At the same time, according to the morphological structure and mechanical characteristics of the meniscus, the bionic design of tissue engineered meniscus scaffolds has great potential. CONCLUSION At present, there are many kinds of scaffold materials for tissue engineered meniscus. However, there is no material that can completely simulate the natural meniscus, and further research of scaffold materials is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Feng
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yifei Fan
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Jiusi Guo
- West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Weili Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041,
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9
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Qu D, Zhu JP, Childs HR, Lu HH. Nanofiber-based transforming growth factor-β3 release induces fibrochondrogenic differentiation of stem cells. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:111-122. [PMID: 30862549 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocartilage is typically found in regions subject to complex, multi-axial loads and plays a critical role in musculoskeletal function. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated fibrocartilage regeneration may be guided by administration of appropriate chemical and/or physical cues, such as by culturing cells on polymer nanofibers in the presence of the chondrogenic growth factor TGF-β3. However, targeted delivery and maintenance of effective local factor concentrations remain challenges for implementation of growth factor-based regeneration strategies in clinical settings. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and optimize the bioactivity of a biomimetic nanofiber scaffold system that enables localized delivery of TGF-β3. To this end, we fabricated TGF-β3-releasing nanofiber meshes that provide sustained growth factor delivery and demonstrated their potential for guiding synovium-derived stem cell (SDSC)-mediated fibrocartilage regeneration. TGF-β3 delivery enhanced cell proliferation and synthesis of relevant fibrocartilaginous matrix in a dose-dependent manner. By designing a scaffold that eliminates the need for exogenous or systemic growth factor administration and demonstrating that fibrochondrogenesis requires a lower growth factor dose compared to previously reported, this study represents a critical step towards developing a clinical solution for regeneration of fibrocartilaginous tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Fibrocartilage is a tissue that plays a critical role throughout the musculoskeletal system. However, due to its limited self-healing capacity, there is a significant unmet clinical need for more effective approaches for fibrocartilage regeneration. We have developed a nanofiber-based scaffold that provides both the biomimetic physical cues, as well as localized delivery of the chemical factors needed to guide stem cell-mediated fibrocartilage formation. Specifically, methods for fabricating TGF-β3-releasing nanofibers were optimized, and scaffold-mediated TGF-β3 delivery enhanced cell proliferation and synthesis of fibrocartilaginous matrix, demonstrating for the first time, the potential for nanofiber-based TGF-β3 delivery to guide stem cell-mediated fibrocartilage regeneration. This nanoscale delivery platform represents an exciting new strategy for fibrocartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dovina Qu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace Building, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Jennifer P Zhu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace Building, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Hannah R Childs
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace Building, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Helen H Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 351 Engineering Terrace Building, MC 8904, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, United States.
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10
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Cao G, Huang Y, Li K, Fan Y, Xie H, Li X. Small intestinal submucosa: superiority, limitations and solutions, and its potential to address bottlenecks in tissue repair. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:5038-5055. [PMID: 31432871 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00530g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has attracted much attention in tissue repair because it can provide plentiful bioactive factors and a biomimetic three-dimensional microenvironment to induce desired cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxiu Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Huiqi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
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11
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Stuckensen K, Schwab A, Knauer M, Muiños-López E, Ehlicke F, Reboredo J, Granero-Moltó F, Gbureck U, Prósper F, Walles H, Groll J. Tissue Mimicry in Morphology and Composition Promotes Hierarchical Matrix Remodeling of Invading Stem Cells in Osteochondral and Meniscus Scaffolds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706754. [PMID: 29847704 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An integral approach toward in situ tissue engineering through scaffolds that mimic tissue with regard to both tissue architecture and biochemical composition is presented. Monolithic osteochondral and meniscus scaffolds are prepared with tissue analog layered biochemical composition and perpendicularly oriented continuous micropores by a newly developed cryostructuring technology. These scaffolds enable rapid cell ingrowth and induce zonal-specific matrix synthesis of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells solely through their design without the need for supplementation of soluble factors such as growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Stuckensen
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schwab
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Knauer
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emma Muiños-López
- Experimental Orthopaedics Laboratory and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Franziska Ehlicke
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jenny Reboredo
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Froilán Granero-Moltó
- Experimental Orthopaedics Laboratory and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Experimental Orthopaedics Laboratory and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Heike Walles
- Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, ISC, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Xie X, Zhu J, Hu X, Dai L, Fu X, Zhang J, Duan X, Ao Y. A co-culture system of rat synovial stem cells and meniscus cells promotes cell proliferation and differentiation as compared to mono-culture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7693. [PMID: 29769537 PMCID: PMC5955983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A meniscus tear often happens during active sports. It needs to be repaired or replaced surgically to avoid further damage to the articular cartilage. To address the shortage of autologous meniscal cells, we designed a co-culture system of synovial stem cells (SMSCs) and meniscal cells (MCs) to produce a large cell number and to maintain characteristics of MCs. Different ratios of SMSCs and MCs at 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 were tested. Mono-culture of SMSCs or MCs served as control groups. Proliferation and differentiation abilities were compared. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes in MCs was assessed using an ECM array to reveal the mechanism at the gene level. The co-culture system of SMSCs/MCs at the ratio of 1:3 showed better results than the control groups or those at other ratios. This co-culture system may be a promising strategy for meniscus repair with tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xie
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxian Zhu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linghui Dai
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Duan
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injury, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Native tissue-based strategies for meniscus repair and regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:337-350. [PMID: 29397425 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Meniscus injuries appear to be becoming increasingly common and pose a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. However, there is no curative approach for dealing with defects in the inner meniscus region due to its avascular nature. Numerous strategies have been applied to regenerate and repair meniscus defects and native tissue-based strategies have received much attention. Native tissue usually has good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties and a suitable microenvironment for cellular growth, adhesion, redifferentiation, extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling. Classically, native tissue-based strategies for meniscus repair and regeneration are divided into autogenous and heterogeneous tissue transplantation. Autogenous tissue transplantation is performed more widely than heterogeneous tissue transplantation because there is no immunological rejection and the success rates are higher. This review first discusses the native meniscus structure and function and then focuses on the use of the autogenous tissue for meniscus repair and regeneration. Finally, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of heterogeneous tissue transplantation. We hope that this review provides some suggestions for the future design of meniscus repair and regeneration strategies.
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14
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Tissue Engineering to Repair Diaphragmatic Defect in a Rat Model. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1764523. [PMID: 28928772 PMCID: PMC5592000 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1764523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emerging strategy for repairing damaged tissues or organs. The current study explored using decellularized rat diaphragm scaffolds combined with human amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stromal cells (hAFMSC) to provide a scaffold, stem cell construct that would allow structural barrier function during tissue ingrowth/regeneration. We created an innovative cell infusion system that allowed hAFMSC to embed into scaffolds and then implanted the composite tissues into rats with surgically created left-sided diaphragmatic defects. Control rats received decellularized diaphragm scaffolds alone. We found that the composite tissues that combined hAFMSCs demonstrated improved physiological function as well as the muscular-tendon structure, compared with the native contralateral hemidiaphragm of the same rat. Our results indicate that the decellularized diaphragm scaffolds are a potential support material for diaphragmatic hernia repair and the composite grafts with hAFMSC are able to accelerate the functional recovery of diaphragmatic hernia.
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Kremer A, Ribitsch I, Reboredo J, Dürr J, Egerbacher M, Jenner F, Walles H. Three-Dimensional Coculture of Meniscal Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Collagen Type I Hydrogel on a Small Intestinal Matrix—A Pilot Study Toward Equine Meniscus Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:390-402. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Kremer
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Translational Center Wuerzburg ‘Regenerative therapies,’ Wuerzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer IGB, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Iris Ribitsch
- Vienna Equine Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jenny Reboredo
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Translational Center Wuerzburg ‘Regenerative therapies,’ Wuerzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer IGB, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Dürr
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Histology & Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Histology & Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- Vienna Equine Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heike Walles
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Translational Center Wuerzburg ‘Regenerative therapies,’ Wuerzburg Branch of the Fraunhofer IGB, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Isolation, Characterization, and Multipotent Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Meniscal Debris. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:5093725. [PMID: 28044083 PMCID: PMC5164906 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5093725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to culture and characterize mesenchymal stem cells derived from meniscal debris. Cells in meniscal debris from patients with meniscal injury were isolated by enzymatic digestion, cultured in vitro to the third passage, and analyzed by light microscopy to observe morphology and growth. Third-passage cultures were also analyzed for immunophenotype and ability to differentiate into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. After 4-5 days in culture, cells showed a long fusiform shape and adhered to the plastic walls. After 10-12 days, cell clusters and colonies were observed. Third-passage cells showed uniform morphology and good proliferation. They expressed CD44, CD90, and CD105 but were negative for CD34 and CD45. Cultures induced to differentiate via osteogenesis became positive for Alizarin Red staining as well as alkaline phosphatase activity. Cultures induced to undergo adipogenesis were positive for Oil Red O staining. Cultures induced to undergo chondrogenesis were positive for staining with Toluidine Blue, Alcian Blue, and type II collagen immunohistochemistry, indicating cartilage-specific matrix. These results indicate that the cells we cultured from meniscal debris are mesenchymal stem cells capable of differentiating along three lineages. These stem cells may be valuable source for meniscal regeneration.
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Advances in combining gene therapy with cell and tissue engineering-based approaches to enhance healing of the meniscus. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1330-9. [PMID: 27063441 PMCID: PMC5298218 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Meniscal lesions are common problems in orthopaedic surgery and sports medicine, and injury or loss of the meniscus accelerates the onset of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Despite a variety of therapeutic options in the clinics, there is a critical need for improved treatments to enhance meniscal repair. In this regard, combining gene-, cell-, and tissue engineering-based approaches is an attractive strategy to generate novel, effective therapies to treat meniscal lesions. In the present work, we provide an overview of the tools currently available to improve meniscal repair and discuss the progress and remaining challenges for potential future translation in patients.
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Cell-Based Strategies for Meniscus Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4717184. [PMID: 27274735 PMCID: PMC4871968 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4717184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniscus injuries remain a significant challenge due to the poor healing potential of the inner avascular zone. Following a series of studies and clinical trials, tissue engineering is considered a promising prospect for meniscus repair and regeneration. As one of the key factors in tissue engineering, cells are believed to be highly beneficial in generating bionic meniscus structures to replace injured ones in patients. Therefore, cell-based strategies for meniscus tissue engineering play a fundamental role in meniscal regeneration. According to current studies, the main cell-based strategies for meniscus tissue engineering are single cell type strategies; cell coculture strategies also were applied to meniscus tissue engineering. Likewise, on the one side, the zonal recapitulation strategies based on mimicking meniscal differing cells and internal architectures have received wide attentions. On the other side, cell self-assembling strategies without any scaffolds may be a better way to build a bionic meniscus. In this review, we primarily discuss cell seeds for meniscus tissue engineering and their application strategies. We also discuss recent advances and achievements in meniscus repair experiments that further improve our understanding of meniscus tissue engineering.
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Pei M, Li J, McConda DB, Wen S, Clovis NB, Danley SS. A comparison of tissue engineering based repair of calvarial defects using adipose stem cells from normal and osteoporotic rats. Bone 2015; 78:1-10. [PMID: 25940459 PMCID: PMC4466199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Repairing large bone defects presents a significant challenge, especially in those people who have a limited regenerative capacity such as in osteoporotic (OP) patients. The aim of this study was to compare adipose stem cells (ASCs) from both normal (NORM) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats in osteogenic potential using both in vitro and in vivo models. After successful establishment of a rat OP model, we found that ASCs from OVX rats exhibited a comparable proliferation capacity to those from NORM rats but had significantly higher adipogenic and relatively lower osteogenic potential. Thirty-two weeks post-implantation with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) alone or PLGA seeded with osteogenic-induced ASCs for critical-size calvarial defects, the data from Herovici's collagen staining and micro-computed tomography suggested that the implantation of ASC-PLGA constructs exhibited a higher bone volume density compared to the PLGA alone group, especially in the NORM rat group. Intriguingly, the defects from OVX rats exhibited a higher bone volume density compared to NORM rats, especially for implantation of the PLGA alone group. Our results indicated that ASC based tissue constructs are more beneficial for the repair of calvarial defects in NORM rats while implantation of PLGA scaffold contributed to defect regeneration in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA; Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9227, USA.
| | - Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA; Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9227, USA
| | - David B McConda
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9190, USA
| | - Nina B Clovis
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
| | - Suzanne S Danley
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
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Beneficial effects of coculturing synovial derived mesenchymal stem cells with meniscus fibrochondrocytes are mediated by fibroblast growth factor 1: increased proliferation and collagen synthesis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:926325. [PMID: 25852755 PMCID: PMC4379431 DOI: 10.1155/2015/926325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscus reconstruction is in great need for orthopedic surgeons. Meniscal fibrochondrocytes transplantation was proposed to regenerate functional meniscus, with limited donor supply. We hypothesized that coculture of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SSC) with meniscal fibrochondrocytes (me-CH) can support matrix production of me-CH, thus reducing the number of me-CH needed for meniscus reconstruction. A pellet coculture system of human SSC and me-CH was used in this study. Enhanced glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in coculture pellets were demonstrated by Alcian blue staining and GAG quantification, when compared to monoculture. More collagen synthesis was shown in coculture pellets by hydroxyproline assay. Increased proliferation of me-CH was observed in coculture. Data from BrdU staining and ELISA demonstrated that conditioned medium of SSCs enhanced the proliferation and collagen synthesis of me-CH, and this effect was blocked by neutralizing antibody against fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1). Western blot showed that conditioned medium of SSCs can activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by increasing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated regulated protein kinase 1/2 (MEK) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK). Overall, this study provided evidence that synovial MSCs can support proliferation and collagen synthesis of fibrochondrocytes, by secreting FGF1. Coimplantation of SSC and me-CH could be a useful strategy for reconstructing meniscus.
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21
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Tissue engineering of the temporomandibular joint disc: current status and future trends. Int J Artif Organs 2015; 38:55-68. [PMID: 25744198 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Temporomandibular joint disorders are extremely prevalent and there is no ideal treatment clinically for the moment. For severe cases, a discectomy often need to be performed, which will further result in the development of osteoarthritis. In the past thirty years, tissue engineering has provided a promising approach for the effective remedy of severe TMJ disease through the creation of viable, effective, and biological functional implants. METHODS Although TMJ disc tissue engineering is still in early stage, unremitting efforts and some achievements have been made over the past decades. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the available literature on the progress and status in tissue engineering of the TMJ disc regarding cell sources, scaffolds, biochemical and biomechanical stimuli, and other prospects relative to this field is provided. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Even though research studies in this field are too few compared to other fibrocartilage (e.g., knee meniscus) and numerous, difficult tasks still exist, we believe that our ultimate goal of regenerating a biological implant whose histological, biochemical, and biomechanical properties parallel native TMJ discs for clinical therapy will be achieved in the near future.
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Warnock JJ, Bobe G, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF. Fibrochondrogenic potential of synoviocytes from osteoarthritic and normal joints cultured as tensioned bioscaffolds for meniscal tissue engineering in dogs. PeerJ 2014; 2:e581. [PMID: 25289180 PMCID: PMC4183955 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniscal tears are a common cause of stifle lameness in dogs. Use of autologous synoviocytes from the affected stifle is an attractive cell source for tissue engineering replacement fibrocartilage. However, the diseased state of these cells may impede in vitro fibrocartilage formation. Synoviocytes from 12 osteoarthritic (“oaTSB”) and 6 normal joints (“nTSB”) were cultured as tensioned bioscaffolds and compared for their ability to synthesize fibrocartilage sheets. Gene expression of collagens type I and II were higher and expression of interleukin-6 was lower in oaTSB versus nTSB. Compared with nTSB, oaTSB had more glycosaminoglycan and alpha smooth muscle staining and less collagen I and II staining on histologic analysis, whereas collagen and glycosaminoglycan quantities were similar. In conclusion, osteoarthritic joint—origin synoviocytes can produce extracellular matrix components of meniscal fibrocartilage at similar levels to normal joint—origin synoviocytes, which makes them a potential cell source for canine meniscal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Warnock
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR , United States
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University , Corvallis, OR , United States
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Ballard GA, Warnock JJ, Bobe G, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Baker L, Baltzer WI, Ott J. Comparison of meniscal fibrochondrocyte and synoviocyte bioscaffolds toward meniscal tissue engineering in the dog. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:400-8. [PMID: 24856453 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising field of study toward curing the meniscal deficient stifle; however the ideal cell type for this task is not known. We describe here the extraction of synoviocytes and meniscal fibrochondrocytes from arthroscopic debris from six dogs, which were cultured as tensioned bioscaffolds to synthesize meniscal-like fibrocartilage sheets. Despite the diseased status of the original tissues, synoviocytes and meniscal fibrochondrocytes had high viability at the time of removal from the joint. Glycosaminoglycan and collagen content of bioscaffolds did not differ. Meniscal fibrochondrocyte bioscaffolds contained more type II collagen, but collagen deposition was disorganized, with only 30-40% of cells viable. The collagen of synoviocyte bioscaffolds was organized into sheets and bands and 80-90% of cells were viable. Autologous, diseased meniscal fibrochondrocytes and synoviocytes are plausible cell sources for future meniscal tissue engineering research, however cell viability of meniscal fibrochondrocytes in the tensioned bioscaffolds was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Ballard
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jennifer J Warnock
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katja F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lindsay Baker
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Wendy I Baltzer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jesse Ott
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, 700 SW 30th St., Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Warnock JJ, Fox DB, Stoker AM, Beatty M, Cockrell M, Janicek JC, Cook JL. Culture of equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes on synthetic tissue scaffolds towards meniscal tissue engineering: a preliminary cell-seeding study. PeerJ 2014; 2:e353. [PMID: 24765587 PMCID: PMC3994628 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Tissue engineering is a new methodology for addressing meniscal injury or loss. Synovium may be an ideal source of cells for in vitro meniscal fibrocartilage formation, however, favorable in vitro culture conditions for synovium must be established in order to achieve this goal. The objective of this study was to determine cellularity, cell distribution, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation of equine fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cultured on synthetic scaffolds, for potential application in synovium-based meniscal tissue engineering. Scaffolds included open-cell poly-L-lactic acid (OPLA) sponges and polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds cultured in static and dynamic culture conditions, and PGA scaffolds coated in poly-L-lactic (PLLA) in dynamic culture conditions. Materials and Methods. Equine FLS were seeded on OPLA and PGA scaffolds, and cultured in a static environment or in a rotating bioreactor for 12 days. Equine FLS were also seeded on PGA scaffolds coated in 2% or 4% PLLA and cultured in a rotating bioreactor for 14 and 21 days. Three scaffolds from each group were fixed, sectioned and stained with Masson’s Trichrome, Safranin-O, and Hematoxylin and Eosin, and cell numbers and distribution were analyzed using computer image analysis. Three PGA and OPLA scaffolds from each culture condition were also analyzed for extracellular matrix (ECM) production via dimethylmethylene blue (sulfated glycosaminoglycan) assay and hydroxyproline (collagen) assay. PLLA coated PGA scaffolds were analyzed using double stranded DNA quantification as areflection of cellularity and confocal laser microscopy in a fluorescent cell viability assay. Results. The highest cellularity occurred in PGA constructs cultured in a rotating bioreactor, which also had a mean sulfated glycosaminoglycan content of 22.3 µg per scaffold. PGA constructs cultured in static conditions had the lowest cellularity. Cells had difficulty adhering to OPLA and the PLLA coating of PGA scaffolds; cellularity was inversely proportional to the concentration of PLLA used. PLLA coating did not prevent dissolution of the PGA scaffolds. All cell scaffold types and culture conditions produced non-uniform cellular distribution. Discussion/Conclusion. FLS-seeding of PGA scaffolds cultured in a rotating bioreactor resulted in the most optimal cell and matrix characteristics seen in this study. Cells grew only in the pores of the OPLA sponge, and could not adhere to the PLLA coating of PGA scaffold, due to the hydrophobic property of PLA. While PGA culture in a bioreactor produced measureable GAG, no culture technique produced visible collagen. For this reason, and due to the dissolution of PGA scaffolds, the culture conditions and scaffolds described here are not recommended for inducing fibrochondrogenesis in equine FLS for meniscal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Warnock
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - Derek B Fox
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - Aaron M Stoker
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - Mark Beatty
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry , Lincoln, NE , USA
| | - Mary Cockrell
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - John C Janicek
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
| | - James L Cook
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO , USA
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Expansion on a matrix deposited by nonchondrogenic urine stem cells strengthens the chondrogenic capacity of repeated-passage bone marrow stromal cells. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:391-403. [PMID: 24705582 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) are a newly found type of stem cell with a potential for therapeutic application in urology. The aim of this study is to investigate whether hUSCs contribute to cartilage regeneration. Despite their characterization with multi-lineage differentiation capacities, in terms of osteogenesis, adipogenesis and myogenesis, hUSCs do not show the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes. Human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) are a tissue-specific stem cell for endochondral bone formation; however, repeated-passage hBMSCs have a lower capacity for chondrogenic differentiation. We found that the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by hUSCs (UECM) can greatly recharge repeated-passage hBMSCs toward chondrogenic differentiation, a result that might be explained by trophic factors released from hUSCs being immobilized in UECM. We also found that ECM from repeated-passage hBMSCs (BECM) have a limited rejuvenation effect. The Wnt11-mediated noncanonical signaling pathway might be responsible for UECM-mediated hBMSC rejuvenation and subsequent chondrogenic differentiation. Our data indicate that commercially available UECM from young healthy donors might represent a simple and promising approach for autologous hBMSC rejuvenation. This study also provides an excellent model for investigating the effect of trophic factors released by stem cells on tissue regeneration without interference by stem cell differentiation.
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Warnock JJ, Bobe G, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Spina J, Ott J, Baltzer WI, Bay BK. Growth factor treated tensioned synoviocyte neotissues: towards meniscal bioscaffold tissue engineering. Vet J 2014; 200:22-30. [PMID: 24559744 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Meniscal injury is a common cause of osteoarthritis, pain, and disability in dogs and humans, but tissue-engineered bioscaffolds could be a treatment option for meniscal deficiency. The objective of this study was to compare meniscus-like matrix histology, composition, and biomechanical properties of autologous tensioned synoviocyte neotissues (TSN) treated with fetal bovine serum (TSNfbs) or three chondrogenic growth factors (TSNgf). Fourth passage canine synoviocytes from 10 dogs were grown in hyperconfluent monolayer culture, formed into TSN, and then cultured for 3 weeks with 17.7% FBS or three human recombinant TSNgf (bFGF, TGF-β1, and IGF-1). Cell viability was determined with laser microscopy. Histological architecture and the composition of fibrocartilage matrix were evaluated in TSN by staining tissues for glycosaminoglycan (GAG), α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen 1 and 2; quantifying the content of GAG, DNA, and hydroxyproline; and measuring the gene expression of collagens type 1α and 2α, the GAG aggrecan, and transcription factor Sry-type Homeobox Protein-9 (SOX9). Biomechanical properties were determined by materials testing force-deformation curves. The TSN contained components and histological features of mensical fibrocartilage extracellular matrix. Growth factor-treated TSN had higher DNA content but lower cell viability than TSNfbs. TSNgf had greater fibrocartilage-like matrix content (collagen 2 and GAG content with increased collagen 2α and SOX9 gene expression). Additionally, TSNgf collagen was more organized histologically and so had greater tensile biomechanical properties. The results indicate the potential of TSN when cultured with growth factors as implantable bioscaffolds for the treatment of canine meniscal deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Warnock
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - G Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, OR 97331, USA
| | - K F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - J Spina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - J Ott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - W I Baltzer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - B K Bay
- School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Warnock JJ, Spina J, Bobe G, Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Ott J, Baltzer WI, Bay BK. Culture of canine synoviocytes on porcine intestinal submucosa scaffolds as a strategy for meniscal tissue engineering for treatment of meniscal injury in dogs. Vet J 2013; 199:49-56. [PMID: 24360729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Meniscal injury is a common cause of canine lameness. Tissue engineered bioscaffolds may be a treatment option for dogs suffering from meniscal damage. The aim of this study was to compare in vitro meniscal-like matrix formation and biomechanical properties of porcine intestinal submucosa sheets (SIS), used in canine meniscal regenerative medicine, to synoviocyte-seeded SIS bioscaffold (SSB), cultured with fetal bovine serum (SSBfbs) or chondrogenic growth factors (SSBgf). Synoviocytes from nine dogs were seeded on SIS and cultured for 30days with 17.7% fetal bovine serum or recombinant chondrogenic growth factors (IGF-1, TGFβ1 and bFGF). The effect on fibrochondrogenesis was determined by comparing mRNA expression of collagen types Iα and IIα, aggrecan, and Sry-type homeobox protein-9 (SOX9) as well as protein expression of collagens I and II, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and hydroxyproline. The effect of synoviocyte seeding and culture conditions on biochemical properties was determined by measuring peak load, tensile stiffness, resilience, and toughness of bioscaffolds. Pre-culture SIS contained 13.6% collagen and 2.9% double-stranded DNA. Chondrogenic growth factor treatment significantly increased SOX9, collagens I and IIα, aggrecan gene expression (P<0.05), and histological deposition of fibrocartilage extracellular matrix (GAG and collagen II). Culture with synoviocytes increased SIS tensile peak load at failure, resilience, and toughness of bioscaffolds (P<0.05). In conclusion, culturing SIS with synoviocytes prior to implantation might provide biomechanical benefits, and chondrogenic growth factor treatment of cultured synoviocytes improves in vitro axial meniscal matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Warnock
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jason Spina
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Katja F Duesterdieck-Zellmer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Jesse Ott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Wendy I Baltzer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Brian K Bay
- School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Andrée B, Bär A, Haverich A, Hilfiker A. Small intestinal submucosa segments as matrix for tissue engineering: review. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:279-91. [PMID: 23216258 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is an emerging interdisciplinary field aiming at the restoration or improvement of impaired tissue function. A combination of cells, scaffold materials, engineering methods, and biochemical and physiological factors is employed to generate the desired tissue substitute. Scaffolds often play a pivotal role in the engineering process supporting a three-dimensional tissue formation. The ideal scaffold should mimic the native extracellular environment providing mechanical and biological properties to allow cell attachment, migration, and differentiation, as well as remodeling by the host organism. The scaffold should be nonimmunogenic and should ideally be resorbed by the host over time, leaving behind only the regenerated tissue. More than 40 years ago, a preparation of the small intestine was introduced for the replacement of vascular structures. Since then the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has gained a lot of interest in TE and subsequent clinical applications, as this material exhibits key features of a highly supportive scaffold. This review will focus on the general properties of the SIS and its applications in therapeutical approaches as well as in generating tissue substitutes in vitro. Furthermore, the main problem of TE, which is the insufficient nourishment of cells within three-dimensional, artificial tissues exceeding certain dimensions is addressed. To solve this issue the implementation of another small intestine-derived preparation, the biological vascularized matrix (BioVaM), could be a feasible option. The BioVaM comprises in addition to SIS the arterial and venous mesenteric pedicles and exhibits thereby a perfusable vessel bed that is preserved after decellularization.
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Meniscus reconstruction: today's achievements and premises for the future. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2013; 133:95-109. [PMID: 23076654 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-012-1624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Injuries of the meniscus remain a burden for the development of premature cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis. This review surveys all treatment options and focuses on the recent development of tissue engineering. Tissue engineering of the meniscus means a successful combination of cells, scaffolds and specific stimuli. Each element of the combination can be subject to variation. Studies investigating the optimum meniscus implant and previous steps in producing these implants are presented in this article. A comprehensive search of the English and German literature was performed in PubMed to retrieve appropriate manuscripts for review. Based on the literatures, autografts and allografts can delay the progress of osteoarthritis for a restricted time period, but several concerns persist. The biomechanical properties of the native meniscus are not copied entirely by the current existing autografts. Congruence, fixation, biocompatibility and potential infection will always remain as limitations for the users of allografts. Long-term results are still not available for meniscus prosthesis and even though it permits fast recovery, several aspects are questionable: bioincompatibility and a lack of cellular adhesion are likely to compromise their long-term fate. Currently, there is no ideal implant generated by means of tissue engineering. However, meniscus tissue engineering is a fast developing field, which promises to develop an implant that mimics histological and biomechanical properties of the native meniscus. At present several cell sources and scaffolds have been used successfully to grow 3-dimensional constructs. In future, optimal implants have to be developed using growth factors, modified scaffolds and stimuli that support cellular proliferation and differentiation to regenerate the native meniscus more closely.
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Li J, Pei M. Cell Senescence: A Challenge in Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:270-87. [PMID: 22273114 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Matthies NF, Mulet-Sierra A, Jomha NM, Adesida AB. Matrix formation is enhanced in co-cultures of human meniscus cells with bone marrow stromal cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:965-73. [PMID: 22473741 DOI: 10.1002/term.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to supplement meniscus cells for meniscus tissue engineering and regeneration. Human menisci were harvested from three patients undergoing total knee replacements. Meniscus cells were released from the menisci after collagenase treatment. BMSCs were harvested from the iliac crest of three patients and were expanded in culture until passage 2. Primary meniscus cells and BMSCs were co-cultured in vitro in three-dimensional (3D) pellet culture at three different cell-cell ratios for 3 weeks under normal (21% O2 ) or low (3% O2 ) oxygen tension in the presence of serum-free chondrogenic medium. Pure BMSCs and pure meniscus cell pellets served as control groups. The tissue generated was assessed biochemically, histochemically and by quantitative RT-PCR. Co-cultures of primary meniscus cells and BMSCs resulted in tissue with increased (1.3-1.7-fold) deposition of proteoglycan (GAG) extracellular matrix (ECM) relative to tissues derived from BMSCs or meniscus cells alone under 21% O2 . GAG matrix formation was also enhanced (1.3-1.6-fold) under 3% O2 culture conditions. Alcian blue staining of generated tissue confirmed increased deposition of GAG-rich matrix. mRNA expression of type I collagen (COL1A2), type II collagen (COL2A1) and aggrecan were upregulated in co-cultured pellets. However, SOX9 and HIF-1α mRNA expression were not significantly modulated by co-culture. Co-culture of primary meniscus cells with BMSCs resulted in increased ECM formation. Co-delivery of meniscus cells and BMSCs can, in principle, be used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies to repair meniscus defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norah-Faye Matthies
- Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E1
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Liu C, Abedian R, Meister R, Haasper C, Hurschler C, Krettek C, von Lewinski G, Jagodzinski M. Influence of perfusion and compression on the proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stromal cells seeded on polyurethane scaffolds. Biomaterials 2012; 33:1052-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sanchez-Adams J, Athanasiou KA. Regional effects of enzymatic digestion on knee meniscus cell yield and phenotype for tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 18:235-43. [PMID: 22029490 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An abundant cell source is the cornerstone of most tissue engineering strategies, but extracting cells from the knee meniscus is hindered by its dense fibrocartilaginous matrix. Identifying a method to efficiently isolate meniscus cells is important, as it can reduce the cost and effort required to perform meniscus engineering research. In this study, six enzymatic digestion regimens used for cartilaginous cell isolation were used to isolate cells from the outer, middle, and inner regions of the bovine knee meniscus. Each regimen in each region was assessed in terms of cell yield, impact on cell phenotype, and cytotoxicity. All digestion regimens caused an overall upregulation of cartilage-specific genes Sox9, collagen type I (Col 1), collagen type II (Col 2), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and aggrecan (AGC) in cells from all meniscus regions, but was highest for cells isolated using 1075 U/mL of collagenase for 3 h (high collagenase). In response to isolation, outer meniscus cells showed highest upregulation of Sox9 and Col 1 genes, whereas greatest upregulation for middle meniscus cells was seen in Col 1 expression, and Col 2 expression for inner cells. Cell yield was highest in all regions when subjected to 45 min of 61 U/mL pronase followed by 3 h of 1075 U/mL collagenase (pronase/collagenase [P/C]) digestion regimen (outer: 6.57±0.37, middle: 12.77±1.41, inner: 22.17±1.47×10(6) cells/g tissue). The second highest cell yield was achieved using the low collagenase (LC) digestion regimen that applied 433 U/mL of collagenase for 18 h (outer: 1.95±0.54, middle: 3.3±4.4, inner: 6.06±2.44×10(6) cells/g tissue). Cytotoxicity analysis showed higher cell death in the LC group compared with the P/C group. Self-assembled constructs formed from LC-isolated cells were less dense than constructs formed from P/C-isolated cells, and P/C constructs showed higher glycosaminoglycan content and compressive moduli than LC constructs. All isolation methods tested resulted in similar phenotypic changes in meniscus cells from each region. These results indicate that, compared with other common isolation protocols, the P/C isolation method is able to more efficiently isolate meniscus cells from all regions that can produce tissue engineered constructs.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Avascular meniscal injuries are largely incapable of healing; the most common treatment remains partial meniscectomy despite the risk of subsequent osteoarthritis. Meniscal responses to injury are partially mediated through synovial activity and strategies have been investigated to encourage healing through stimulating or transplanting adjacent synovial lining. However, with their potential for chondrogenesis, synovial fibroblast-like stem cells hold promise for meniscal cartilage tissue engineering. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Thus, specific purposes of this review were to (1) examine how the synovial intima and synoviomeniscal junction affect current meniscal treatment modalities; and (2) examine the components of tissue engineering (cells, scaffolds, bioactive agents, and bioreactors) in the specific context of how cells of synovial origin may be used for meniscal healing or regeneration. METHODS An online bibliographic search through PubMed was performed in March 2010. Studies were subjectively evaluated and reviewed if they addressed the question posed. Fifty-four resources were initially retrieved, which offered information on the chondrogenic potential of synovial-based cells that could prove valuable for meniscal fibrocartilage engineering. RESULTS Based on the positive effects of adjoining synovium on meniscal healing as used in some current treatment modalities, the chondrogenic potential of fibroblast-like stem cells of synovial origin make this cell source a promising candidate for cell-based tissue engineering strategies. CONCLUSIONS The abundance of autologous synovial lining, its ability to regenerate, and the potential of synovial-derived stem cells to produce a wide spectrum of chondral matrix components make it an ideal candidate for future meniscal engineering investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B. Fox
- University of Missouri, Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, Columbia, MO USA ,University of Missouri, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, 900 East Campus Drive, Columbia, MO USA
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Yoo JJ, Bichara DA, Zhao X, Randolph MA, Gill TJ. Implant-assisted meniscal repair in vivo using a chondrocyte-seeded flexible PLGA scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 99:102-8. [PMID: 21800420 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A cell-based engineered construct can be used for healing of intractable meniscal lesions. Our aims were to assess the culture conditions (static versus dynamic oscillation) and the healing capacity of the chondrocyte-seeded flexible implants in a heterotopic mouse model. Swine articular chondrocytes were labeled with PKH 26 or DiI dye and seeded onto a flexible PLGA scaffold using dynamic oscillating conditions for 24 h. Half of cell-seeded scaffolds were cultured in the same dynamic conditions, while the remaining scaffolds were cultured statically. After 7 days, scaffolds were placed between swine meniscal discs and were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice for 6 weeks. Additional constructs for assessing in vivo cell tracking were implanted for 12 weeks. Live/dead assays demonstrated labeled chondrocytes attached throughout the scaffold in both culture conditions. DNA measurements showed no significant difference between the culture conditions. A continuous fibro-cartilaginous healing tissue was observed between meniscal discs in all 12 dynamically cultured constructs and 9 of 11 statically cultured ones. There was no evidence of meniscal healing using acellular scaffold as well as in meniscal constructs lacking an implant. Both PKH 26- and DiI-labeled cells were identified along the healing interface. We conclude the chondrocyte-seeded flexible PLGA implants induce healing of meniscal discs in nude mice. Culture conditions after seeding have no apparent effects on healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Joon Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Laboratory for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
The concept of using gene transfer strategies for cartilage repair originates from the idea of transferring genes encoding therapeutic factors into the repair tissue, resulting in a temporarily and spatially defined delivery of therapeutic molecules to sites of cartilage damage. This review focuses on the potential benefits of using gene therapy approaches for the repair of articular cartilage and meniscal fibrocartilage, including articular cartilage defects resulting from acute trauma, osteochondritis dissecans, osteonecrosis, and osteoarthritis. Possible applications for meniscal repair comprise meniscal lesions, meniscal sutures, and meniscal transplantation. Recent studies in both small and large animal models have demonstrated the applicability of gene-based approaches for cartilage repair. Chondrogenic pathways were stimulated in the repair tissue and in osteoarthritic cartilage using genes for polypeptide growth factors and transcription factors. Although encouraging data have been generated, a successful translation of gene therapy for cartilage repair will require an ongoing combined effort of orthopedic surgeons and of basic scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Madry
- Saarland University, Homburg, Germany,Henning Madry, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstrasse 1, Homburg, 66424 Germany
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Ionescu LC, Lee GC, Garcia GH, Zachry TL, Shah RP, Sennett BJ, Mauck RL. Maturation state-dependent alterations in meniscus integration: implications for scaffold design and tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 17:193-204. [PMID: 20712419 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The knee meniscus is a crucial component of the knee that functions to stabilize the joint, distribute load, and maintain congruency. Meniscus tears and degeneration are common, and natural healing is limited. Notably, few children present with meniscus injuries and other related fibrocartilaginous tissues heal regeneratively in immature animals and in the fetus. In this work, we evaluated fetal, juvenile, and adult bovine meniscus properties and repair capacity in vitro. Although no changes in cell behavior (migration and proliferation) were noted with age, drastic alterations in the density and distribution of the major components of meniscus tissue (proteoglycan, collagen, and DNA) occurred with development. Coincident with these marked tissue changes, the in vitro healing capacity of the tissue decreased with age. Fetal and juvenile meniscus formed a robust repair over 8 weeks on both a histological and mechanical basis, despite a lack of vascular supply. In contrast, adult meniscus did not integrate over this period. However, integration was improved significantly with the addition of the growth factor transforming growth factor-beta 3. Finally, to evaluate engineered scaffold integration in the context of aging, we monitored cellular infiltration from native tissue into engineered nanofibrous constructs. Our findings suggest that maturation processes that enable load bearing in the adult limit endogenous healing potential and identify new metrics for the development of tissue-engineered meniscus implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara C Ionescu
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Stapleton TW, Ingram J, Fisher J, Ingham E. Investigation of the regenerative capacity of an acellular porcine medial meniscus for tissue engineering applications. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 17:231-42. [PMID: 20695759 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have described the development of an acellular porcine meniscal scaffold. The aims of this study were to determine the immunocompatibility of the scaffold and capacity for cellular attachment and infiltration to gain insight into its potential for meniscal repair and replacement. Porcine menisci were decellularized by exposing the tissue to freeze-thaw cycles, incubation in hypotonic tris buffer, 0.1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate in hypotonic buffer plus protease inhibitors, nucleases, hypertonic buffer followed by disinfection using 0.1% (v/v) peracetic, and final washing in phosphate-buffered saline. In vivo immunocompatibility was assessed after implantation of the acellular meniscal scaffold subcutaneously into galactosyltransferase knockout mice for 3 months in comparison to fresh and acellular tissue treated with α-galactosidase (negative control). The cellular infiltrates in the explants were assessed by histology and characterized using monoclonal antibodies against: CD3, CD4, CD34, F4/80, and C3c. Static culture was used to assess the potential of acellular porcine meniscal scaffold to support the attachment and infiltration of primary human dermal fibroblasts and primary porcine meniscal cells in vitro. The explants were surrounded by capsules that were more pronounced for the fresh meniscal tissue compared to the acellular tissues. Cellular infiltrates compromised mononuclear phagocytes, CD34-positive cells, and nonlabeled fibroblastic cells. T-lymphocytes were sparse in all explanted tissue types and there was no evidence of C3c deposition. The analysis revealed an absence of a specific immune response to all of the implanted tissues. Acellular porcine meniscus was shown to be capable of supporting the attachment and infiltration of primary human fibroblasts and primary porcine meniscal cells. In conclusion, acellular porcine meniscal tissue exhibits excellent immunocompatibility and potential for cellular regeneration in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Stapleton
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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