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Gu Y, Zou Y, Huang Y, Liang R, Wu Y, Hu Y, Hong Y, Zhang X, Toh YC, Ouyang H, Zhang S. 3D-printed biomimetic scaffolds with precisely controlled and tunable structures guide cell migration and promote regeneration of osteochondral defect. Biofabrication 2023; 16:015003. [PMID: 37797606 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Untreated osteochondral defects will develop into osteoarthritis, affecting patients' quality of life. Since articular cartilage and subchondral bone exhibit distinct biological characteristics, repairing osteochondral defects remains a major challenge. Previous studies have tried to fabricate multilayer scaffolds with traditional methods or 3D printing technology. However, the efficacy is unsatisfactory because of poor control over internal structures or a lack of integrity between adjacent layers, severely compromising repair outcomes. Therefore, there is a need for a biomimetic scaffold that can simultaneously boost osteochondral defect regeneration in both structure and function. Herein, an integrated bilayer scaffold with precisely controlled structures is successfully 3D-printed in one step via digital light processing (DLP) technology. The upper layer has both 'lotus- and radial-' distribution pores, and the bottom layer has 'lotus-' pores to guide and facilitate the migration of chondrocytes and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, respectively, to the defect area. Tuning pore sizes could modulate the mechanical properties of scaffolds easily. Results show that 3D-printed porous structures allow significantly more cells to infiltrate into the area of 'lotus- and radial-' distribution pores during cell migration assay, subcutaneous implantation, andin situtransplantation, which are essential for osteochondral repair. Transplantation of this 3D-printed bilayer scaffold exhibits a promising osteochondral repair effect in rabbits. Incorporation of Kartogenin into the upper layer of scaffolds further induces better cartilage formation. Combining small molecules/drugs and precisely size-controlled and layer-specific porous structure via DLP technology, this 3D-printed bilayer scaffold is expected to be a potential strategy for osteochondral regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Gu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Zou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Huang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Liang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicong Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Hong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhu Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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2
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Jiang Y, Tuan RS. Bioactivity of human adult stem cells and functional relevance of stem cell-derived extracellular matrix in chondrogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:160. [PMID: 37316923 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) has been used to treat articular cartilage defects for over two decades. Adult stem cells have been proposed as a solution to inadequate donor cell numbers often encountered in ACI. Multipotent stem/progenitor cells isolated from adipose, bone marrow, and cartilage are the most promising cell therapy candidates. However, different essential growth factors are required to induce these tissue-specific stem cells to initiate chondrogenic differentiation and subsequent deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) to form cartilage-like tissue. Upon transplantation into cartilage defects in vivo, the levels of growth factors in the host tissue are likely to be inadequate to support chondrogenesis of these cells in situ. The contribution of stem/progenitor cells to cartilage repair and the quality of ECM produced by the implanted cells required for cartilage repair remain largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the bioactivity and chondrogenic induction ability of the ECM produced by different adult stem cells. METHODS Adult stem/progenitor cells were isolated from human adipose (hADSCs), bone marrow (hBMSCs), and articular cartilage (hCDPCs) and cultured for 14 days in monolayer in mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-ECM induction medium to allow matrix deposition and cell sheet formation. The cell sheets were then decellularized, and the protein composition of the decellularized ECM (dECM) was analyzed by BCA assay, SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotting for fibronectin (FN), collagen types I (COL1) and III (COL3). The chondrogenic induction ability of the dECM was examined by seeding undifferentiated hBMSCs onto the respective freeze-dried solid dECM followed by culturing in serum-free medium for 7 days. The expression levels of chondrogenic genes SOX9, COL2, AGN, and CD44 were analyzed by q-PCR. RESULTS hADSCs, hBMSCs, and hCDPCs generated different ECM protein profiles and exhibited significantly different chondrogenic effects. hADSCs produced 20-60% more proteins than hBMSCs and hCDPCs and showed a fibrillar-like ECM pattern (FNhigh, COL1high). hCDPCs produced more COL3 and deposited less FN and COL1 than the other cell types. The dECM derived from hBMSCs and hCDPCs induced spontaneous chondrogenic gene expression in hBMSCs. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights on application of adult stem cells and stem cell-derived ECM to enhance cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Jiang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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3
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Pan Y, Jiang Z, Ye Y, Zhu D, Li N, Yang G, Wang Y. Role and Mechanism of BMP4 in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2023:10.1007/s10439-023-03173-6. [PMID: 37014581 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is emerging as a promising cytokine for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. BMP4 has been shown to promote the regeneration of teeth, periodontal tissue, bone, cartilage, the thymus, hair, neurons, nucleus pulposus, and adipose tissue, as well as the formation of skeletal myotubes and vessels. BMP4 can also contribute to the formation of tissues in the heart, lung, and kidney. However, there are certain deficiencies, including the insufficiency of the mechanism of BMP4 in some fields and an appropriate carrier of BMP4 for clinical use. There has also been a lack of in vivo experiments and orthotopic transplantation studies in some fields. BMP4 has great distance from the clinical application. Therefore, there are many BMP4-related studies waiting to be explored. This review mainly discusses the effects, mechanisms, and applications of BMP4 in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering over the last 10 years in various domains and possible improvements. BMP4 has shown great potential in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The research of BMP4 has broad development space and great value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Pan
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yuer Ye
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Danji Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Na Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Zhang Y, Su D, Wang Y, Wang Z, Ren Y, Liu R, Du B, Duan R, Shi Y, Liu L, Li X, Zhang Q. Locally delivered modified citrus pectin - a galectin-3 inhibitor shows expected anti-inflammatory and unexpected regeneration-promoting effects on repair of articular cartilage defect. Biomaterials 2022; 291:121870. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Heirani-Tabasi A, Hosseinzadeh S, Rabbani S, Ahmadi Tafti SH, Jamshidi K, Soufizomorrod M, Soleimani M. Cartilage tissue engineering by co-transplantation of chondrocyte extracellular vesicles and mesenchymal stem cells, entrapped in chitosan-hyaluronic acid hydrogel. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34144542 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac0cbf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on injectable hydrogels are mostly used to regenerate articular cartilage, which would have a variety of outcomes. Chondrocyte extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted many attentions for their chondrogenic differentiation capacity; however, the roles of EVs in both chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and cartilage regeneration are poorly understood yet. In the current study, to investigate the differentiation effects of human articular chondrocyte EVs on adipose-derived MSCs, they were cultured in injectable chitosan-hyaluronic acid (CS-HA) hydrogel and then treated with chondrocyte EVs for 21 days. The continuous treatment of EVs performed on MSCs increased chondrogenic genes' expressions ofSOX9andCOL2A1and induced expression of Col II protein. In addition, glycosaminoglycans secretion was detected in the EV-treated MSCs after about 14 days. The therapeutic efficiency of this hydrogel and EVs was studied in a rabbit osteochondral defect model. MRI results revealed that the cartilage regeneration capacity of EV-treated MSCs with CS-HA hydrogel was greater than the untreated MSCs or the EV-treated MSCs without hydrogel. Moreover, histological results showed hyaline-like cartilage in the CS-HA/MSC and CS-HA/EV/MSC groups in the cartilage defect sites. These findings suggested that the chondrocyte-EVs and CS-HA hydrogel could provide the preferable niche for chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and cartilage regeneration in osteoarthritis cartilage injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asieh Heirani-Tabasi
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Rabbani
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi Tafti
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases, Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khodamorad Jamshidi
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufizomorrod
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Cell Therapy and Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Hu H, Liu W, Sun C, Wang Q, Yang W, Zhang Z, Xia Z, Shao Z, Wang B. Endogenous Repair and Regeneration of Injured Articular Cartilage: A Challenging but Promising Therapeutic Strategy. Aging Dis 2021; 12:886-901. [PMID: 34094649 PMCID: PMC8139200 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) has a very limited intrinsic repair capacity after injury or disease. Although exogenous cell-based regenerative approaches have obtained acceptable outcomes, they are usually associated with complicated procedures, donor-site morbidities and cell differentiation during ex vivo expansion. In recent years, endogenous regenerative strategy by recruiting resident mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) into the injured sites, as a promising alternative, has gained considerable attention. It takes full advantage of body's own regenerative potential to repair and regenerate injured tissue while avoiding exogenous regenerative approach-associated limitations. Like most tissues, there are also multiple stem-cell niches in AC and its surrounding tissues. These MSPCs have the potential to migrate into injured sites to produce replacement cells under appropriate stimuli. Traditional microfracture procedure employs the concept of MSPCs recruitment usually fails to regenerate normal hyaline cartilage. The reasons for this failure might be attributed to an inadequate number of recruiting cells and adverse local tissue microenvironment after cartilage injury. A strategy that effectively improves local matrix microenvironment and recruits resident MSPCs may enhance the success of endogenous AC regeneration (EACR). In this review, we focused on the reasons why AC cannot regenerate itself in spite of potential self-repair capacity and summarized the latest developments of the three key components in the field of EACR. In addition, we discussed the challenges facing in the present EACR strategy. This review will provide an increasing understanding of EACR and attract more researchers to participate in this promising research arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Hu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Caixia Sun
- 2Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wang
- 3Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441100, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - ZhiCai Zhang
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhidao Xia
- 4Centre for Nanohealth, ILS2, Swansea university Medical school, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Zengwu Shao
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Baichuan Wang
- 1Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,4Centre for Nanohealth, ILS2, Swansea university Medical school, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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7
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082720. [PMID: 32295299 PMCID: PMC7215319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix production by nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, the cells residing in the center of the intervertebral disc, can be stimulated by growth factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) hold great promise. Although BMP2 and BMP7 have been used most frequently, other BMPs have also shown potential for NP regeneration. Heterodimers may be more potent than single homodimers, but it is not known whether combinations of homodimers would perform equally well. In this study, we compared BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7, their combinations and heterodimers, for regeneration by human NP cells. The BMPs investigated induced variable matrix deposition by NP cells. BMP4 was the most potent, both in the final neotissue glysosaminoglycan content and incorporation efficiency. Heterodimers BMP2/6H and BMP2/7H were more potent than their respective homodimer combinations, but not the BMP4/7H heterodimer. The current results indicate that BMP4 might have a high potential for regeneration of the intervertebral disc. Moreover, the added value of BMP heterodimers over their respective homodimer BMP combinations depends on the BMP combination applied.
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8
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Parate D, Kadir ND, Celik C, Lee EH, Hui JHP, Franco-Obregón A, Yang Z. Pulsed electromagnetic fields potentiate the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:46. [PMID: 32014064 PMCID: PMC6998094 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome, via the combined actions of its plethora of biologically active factors, is capable of orchestrating the regenerative responses of numerous tissues by both eliciting and amplifying biological responses within recipient cells. MSCs are “environmentally responsive” to local micro-environmental cues and biophysical perturbations, influencing their differentiation as well as secretion of bioactive factors. We have previously shown that exposures of MSCs to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) enhanced MSC chondrogenesis. Here, we investigate the influence of PEMF exposure over the paracrine activity of MSCs and its significance to cartilage regeneration. Methods Conditioned medium (CM) was generated from MSCs subjected to either 3D or 2D culturing platforms, with or without PEMF exposure. The paracrine effects of CM over chondrocytes and MSC chondrogenesis, migration and proliferation, as well as the inflammatory status and induced apoptosis in chondrocytes and MSCs was assessed. Results We show that benefits of magnetic field stimulation over MSC-derived chondrogenesis can be partly ascribed to its ability to modulate the MSC secretome. MSCs cultured on either 2D or 3D platforms displayed distinct magnetic sensitivities, whereby MSCs grown in 2D or 3D platforms responded most favorably to PEMF exposure at 2 mT and 3 mT amplitudes, respectively. Ten minutes of PEMF exposure was sufficient to substantially augment the chondrogenic potential of MSC-derived CM generated from either platform. Furthermore, PEMF-induced CM was capable of enhancing the migration of chondrocytes and MSCs as well as mitigating cellular inflammation and apoptosis. Conclusions The findings reported here demonstrate that PEMF stimulation is capable of modulating the paracrine function of MSCs for the enhancement and re-establishment of cartilage regeneration in states of cellular stress. The PEMF-induced modulation of the MSC-derived paracrine function for directed biological responses in recipient cells or tissues has broad clinical and practical ramifications with high translational value across numerous clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-020-1566-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Parate
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.,Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory, BICEPS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Nurul Dinah Kadir
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Cenk Celik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - James H P Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore. .,Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory, BICEPS, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119288, Singapore. .,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, DSO (Kent Ridge) Building, #04-01, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore.
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9
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Chen L, Shi Y, Zhang X, Hu X, Shao Z, Dai L, Ju X, Ao Y, Wang J. CaAlg hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 4-enhanced adipose-derived stem cells combined with osteochondral mosaicplasty facilitated the repair of large osteochondral defects. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3668-3678. [PMID: 30923857 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cartilage repair presents a challenge to clinicians and researchers. A more effective procedure that can produce hyaline-like cartilage is needed for articular cartilage repair. Mosaic osteochondral grafts for large osteochondral defects often show poor integration between the grafts and the surrounding normal cartilage, leading to defective cracks filled with fibrous tissue instead of hyaline-like cartilage. In the present study, we aimed to repair the defective cracks with a calcium alginate (CaAlg) hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)-enhanced adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). METHODS ADSCs were transduced with BMP4 (B-ADSCs). The expression of BMP4 and type II collagen was confirmed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Swine models of large cartilage defects of the knee were constructed and received one of the four treatments: mosaicplasty only, mosaicplasty with the CaAlg hydrogel, mosaicplasty with the CaAlg hydrogel containing ADSCs, or mosaicplasty with the CaAlg hydrogel containing B-ADSCs injected into the defective cracks. Outcomes were evaluated at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. RESULTS The in vitro study showed that the osteogenic and chondrogenic activities of the B-ADSCs were enhanced compared with those of the control. In vivo, in the group that received mosaicplasty-containing B-ADSCs, osteochondral tissue was completely integrated with an intact surface. Additionally, the histological scores of the mosaicplasty-containing B-ADSCs group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. Biomechanical examination confirmed that the neocartilage possessed properties similar to those of normal cartilage. CONCLUSIONS Mosaicplasty and hydrogel containing B-ADSCs promoted the repair of large cartilage defects by regenerating hyaline cartilage and repairing dead spaces between osteochondral grafts and donor-site defects, thus improving the feasibility and success rate of one-stage complete repair surgery for large osteochondral defects. This proposed method provides a novel and effective means for the repair of large articular osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxin Chen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Shao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghui Dai
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Ju
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingfang Ao
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianquan Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Zhang J, Zhu X, Kong Y, Huang Y, Dang X, Mei L, Zhao B, Lin Q, Wang J. Strontium stimulates alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic protein-4 expression in rat chondrocytes cultured in vitro. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:15-19. [PMID: 31345353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The trace element strontium has a significant impact on cartilage metabolism. However, the direct effects of strontium on alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a marker of bone growth, and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), which plays a key role in the regulation of bone and cartilage development, are not entirely clear. In order to understand the mechanisms involved in these processes, the chondrocytes were isolated from Wistar rat articular cartilage by enzymatic digestion and cultured under standard conditions. They were then treated with strontium at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 20.0 and 100.0 μg/mL for 72 h. The mRNA abundance and protein expression levels of ALP and BMP-4 were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and Western blot analysis. The results showed that the levels of expression of ALP and BMP-4 in chondrocytes increased as the concentration of strontium increased relative to the control group, and the difference became significant at 1.0 μg/mL strontium (P<0.05). These results indicated that strontium could be involved in cartilage development via regulating ALP and BMP-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yezi Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xukun Dang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linshan Mei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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11
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Zhong G, Yang X, Jiang X, Kumar A, Long H, Xie J, Zheng L, Zhao J. Dopamine-melanin nanoparticles scavenge reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and activate autophagy for osteoarthritis therapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11605-11616. [PMID: 31173033 PMCID: PMC6776464 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anti-oxidative agents hold great potential in osteoarthritis (OA) therapy. However, most radical scavengers have poor biocompatibility and potential cytotoxicity, which limit their applications. Herein we explore dopamine melanin (DM) nanoparticles as a novel scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). DM nanoparticles show low cytotoxicity and a strong ability to sequester a broad range of ROS and RNS, including superoxides, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite. This translates to excellent anti-inflammatory and chondro-protective effects by inhibiting intracellular ROS and RNS and promoting antioxidant enzyme activities. With an average diameter of 112.5 nm, DM nanoparticles can be intra-articularly (i.a.) injected into an affected joint and retained at the injection site. When tested in vivo in rodent OA models, DM nanoparticles showed diminished inflammatory cytokine release and reduced proteoglycan loss, which in turn slowed down cartilage degradation. Mechanistic studies suggest that DM nanoparticles also enhance autophagy that benefits OA control. In summary, our study suggests DM nanoparticles as a safe and promising therapeutic for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xueyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Xianfang Jiang
- The College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Huiping Long
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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12
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Wang HC, Lin YT, Lin TH, Chang NJ, Lin CC, Hsu HC, Yeh ML. Intra-articular injection of N-acetylglucosamine and hyaluronic acid combined with PLGA scaffolds for osteochondral repair in rabbits. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209747. [PMID: 30596714 PMCID: PMC6312252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Repairing damaged articular cartilage is particularly challenging because of the limited ability of cartilage to perform self-repair. Intra-articular injections of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) comprise a method of repairing full-thickness articular cartilage defects in the rabbit knee joint model. To date, the effects of administration of GlcNAc and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been investigated only in the context of osteoarthritis treatment. Therefore, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of using cell-free porous poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) graft implants and intra-articular injections of GlcNAc or HA in a rabbit model of osteochondral regeneration to investigate whether they have the potential for inducing osteochondral regeneration when used alone or simultaneously. Twenty-four rabbits were randomized into one of four groups: the scaffold-only group (PLGA), the scaffold with intra-articular injections of GlcNAc (PLGA+G) group, twice per week for four weeks; the scaffold with intra-articular injections of HA group (PLGA+HA) group, once per week for three weeks; and the scaffold with intra-articular injections of GlcNAc and HA (PLGA+G+HA) group, once per week for three weeks. Knees were evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. At the end of testing, only the PLGA+G+HA group exhibited significant bone reconstruction, chondrocyte clustering, and good interactions with adjacent surfaces at 4 weeks. Additionally, the PLGA+G+HA group demonstrated essentially original hyaline cartilage structures that appeared to have sound chondrocyte orientation, considerable glycosaminoglycan levels, and reconstruction of the bone structure at 12 weeks. Moreover, the PLGA+G+HA group showed organized osteochondral integration and significantly higher bone volume per tissue volume and trabecular thickness. However, there were no significant differences between the PLGA+G and PLGA+HA groups except for gap formation on subchondral bone in the PLGA+G group. This study demonstrated that PLGA implantation combined with intra-articular injections of GlcNAc and HA allowed for cartilage and bone regeneration and significantly promoted osteochondral regeneration in rabbits without supplementation of exogenous growth factors. And the combination of this two supplements with PLGA scaffold could also prolong injection interval and better performance than either of them alone for the reconstruction of osteochondral tissue in the knee joints of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jen Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chan Lin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Long Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Shen C, Jiang T, Zhu B, Le Y, Liu J, Qin Z, Chen H, Zhong G, Zheng L, Zhao J, Zhang X. In vitro culture expansion impairs chondrogenic differentiation and the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the unfolded protein response. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:26. [PMID: 30479659 PMCID: PMC6245887 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been implicated in loss of multipotency, leading to impaired chondrogenic potential and an eventual therapeutic effect, as reported in our previous study. However, the precise regulatory mechanism is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) were involved in transformation of MSCs induced by in vitro culture based on the comparative profiling of in vitro cultured bone marrow MSCs at passage 3 (P3 BMSCs) vs. fresh P0 BMSCs by microarray analysis. Indeed, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed significantly lower expression levels of three key UPR-related molecules, ATF4, ATF6 and XBP1, in P3 BMSCs than P0 BMSCs. Further, we found that UPR suppression by 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) reduced the chondrogenic potential of P0 BMSCs and further cartilage regeneration. Conversely, UPR induction by tunicamycin (TM) enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of P3 BMSCs and the therapeutic effect on cartilage repair. Thus, the decline in the chondrogenic potential of stem cells after in vitro culture and expansion may be due to changes in ER stress and the UPR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shen
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Yiguan Le
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Zainen Qin
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Haimin Chen
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Gang Zhong
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- 1Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China.,2Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,3Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- 4National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064 China
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14
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Jiang X, Liu J, Liu Q, Lu Z, Zheng L, Zhao J, Zhang X. Therapy for cartilage defects: functional ectopic cartilage constructed by cartilage-simulating collagen, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid (CCH) hybrid hydrogel with allogeneic chondrocytes. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1616-1626. [PMID: 29737330 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To regenerate functional cartilage-mimicking ectopic cartilage as a source for the restoration of cartilage defects, we used a previously synthesized three-phase collagen, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid (CCH) hydrogel for the encapsulation of allogeneic chondrocytes with a diffusion chamber system that was buried subcutaneously in the host for 4 weeks and then implanted into a cartilage defect. METHODS The CCH hydrogel was prepared and seeded with allogeneic chondrocytes from new-born rabbits, prior to being enveloped in a diffusion chamber that prevents cell ingrowth and vascular invasion of the host, as described previously. A collagen hydrogel (C) was used as the control. The diffusion chamber was embedded subcutaneously in an adult rabbit. 4 weeks later, the regenerated tissue was harvested from the diffusion chamber and then further used for cartilage repair in the same host. To evaluate the regenerated tissue, cell viability assay using calcein-acetoxymethyl (calcein-AM)/propidium iodide (PI) staining, biochemical analysis by examination of total DNA and GAG content, gene expression detection using RT-PCR for Col 1a1, Col 2a1, Acan, and Sox9, biomechanical detection and histological evaluation were implemented. RESULTS Analysis of the cell activity and biochemical evaluation in vitro showed that cell proliferation, GAG secretion and gene/protein expression of cartilage specific markers were much higher in the CCH group than those in the C group. The CCH constructed ectopic cartilage tissue in vivo showed the typical characteristics of hyaline cartilage with higher expression of cartilage matrix markers compared with the C groups, as evidenced by morphological and histological findings as well as RT-PCR analysis. Furthermore, ectopic cartilage from CCH successfully facilitated the cartilage restoration, with higher morphological and histological scores and greater mechanical strength than that from C. CONCLUSION The three-phase CCH hydrogel, which is closer to natural cartilage matrix and is stiffer than collagen, may replace collagen as the "gold standard" for cartilage tissue engineering. This study may provide a new insight for cartilage repair using ectopic cartilage reconstructed from functional materials and allogeneic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfang Jiang
- The College of Stomatology of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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15
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Deng ZH, Li YS, Gao X, Lei GH, Huard J. Bone morphogenetic proteins for articular cartilage regeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1153-1161. [PMID: 29580979 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of articular cartilage (AC) tissue is the most common cause of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in bone and cartilage formation. This article reviews the experimental and clinical applications of BMPs in cartilage regeneration. Experimental evidence indicates that BMPs play an important role in protection against cartilage damage caused by inflammation or trauma, by binding to different receptor combinations and, consequently, activating different intracellular signaling pathways. Loss of function of BMP-related receptors contributes to the decreased intrinsic repair capacity of damaged cartilage and, thus, the multifunctional effects of BMPs make them attractive tools for the treatment of cartilage damage in patients with degenerative diseases. However, the development of BMP therapy as a treatment modality for cartilage regeneration has been hampered by certain factors, such as the eligibility of participants in clinical trials, financial support, drug delivery carrier safety, availabilities of effective scaffolds, appropriate selection of optimal dose and timing of administration, and side effects. Further research is needed to overcome these issues for future routine clinical applications. Research and development leading to the successful application of BMPs can initiate a new era in the treatment of cartilage degenerative diseases like OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y S Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - X Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; The Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - G H Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - J Huard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; The Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA.
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16
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Chang NJ, Erdenekhuyag Y, Chou PH, Chu CJ, Lin CC, Shie MY. Therapeutic Effects of the Addition of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Bioimplants and Early Rehabilitation Exercise on Articular Cartilage Repair. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:2232-2241. [PMID: 29927631 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518780955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating articular cartilage lesions is clinically challenging. However, whether the addition of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to bioimplants along with early rehabilitation exercise provides therapeutic effects and regenerates the osteochondral defect remains uninvestigated. HYPOTHESIS The addition of PRP to a polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold along with continuous passive motion (CPM) in osteochondral defects may offer beneficial in situ microenvironment changes to facilitate hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone tissue repair. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS In 26 rabbits, 52 critical osteochondral defects were created in bilateral femoral trochlear grooves. The rabbits were allocated to 1 of the following 3 groups: PRP gel (PG group), PRP + PLGA scaffold (PP group), and PRP + PLGA scaffold + CPM (PPC group). At 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, the specimens were assessed by a macroscopic examination, a histological evaluation with immunohistochemical staining, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS The PPC group exhibited the most favorable therapeutic outcomes in terms of hyaline cartilage regeneration. At week 4, the PPC group exhibited significantly higher levels of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen (COL) II and modest increases in COL I, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and inflammatory cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). At week 12, the PPC group had significantly higher tissue repair scores, corresponding to a sound articular cartilage surface and chondrocyte and collagen arrangement. This group demonstrated restored hyaline cartilage and mineralized bone volume per tissue volume, which had an integrating structure in the repair site. However, the PG and PP groups exhibited mainly fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage, corresponding to higher expressions of COL I, TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP-3. CONCLUSION PRP with a PLGA graft along with early CPM exercise is promising for the repair of osteochondral defects in rabbit knee joints. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates the efficacy of a triad therapy involving the addition of PRP to bioimplants along with early CPM intervention for hyaline cartilage and subchondral regeneration. However, PRP alone (with or without PLGA implants) is limited to osteochondral defect repair without significant regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jen Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yanjmaa Erdenekhuyag
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsi Chou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Chu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chan Lin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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17
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Tie K, Wu M, Deng Y, Wen Y, Dan Xu, Chen L, Wang H. Histone hypo-acetylation of Sox9 mediates nicotine-induced weak cartilage repair by suppressing BMSC chondrogenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:98. [PMID: 29631619 PMCID: PMC5891899 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine has negative effects on tissue repair, little research concerns its effect on the cartilage repair of tissue engineering stem cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nicotine on the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells' (BMSCs) chondrogenic repair function of cartilage defects and explored the molecular mechanism. METHODS A cartilage defect model of rat was repaired by BMSC transplantation, and treated with nicotine or saline at 2.0 mg/kg/d in 12 weeks. Nicotine's effect on chondrogenic differentiation was studied by exposing BMSCs to nicotine at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is a selective α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor and si-RNA of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc2), were used to verify the molecular mechanism of nicotine's effect. RESULTS Data showed that nicotine inhibited cartilage repair function by suppressing SRY-type high-mobility group box 9 (Sox9) in regenerated tissues. Further in vitro study demonstrated that nicotine enhanced intracellular Ca2+ and activity of calcineurin (CaN) through α7-nAChR, increased the nucleic expressions of NFATc2 and the bindings to SOX9 promoter, and thus reduced the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 in SOX9 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study demonstrated that nicotine suppressed the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vivo and in vitro, which offers insight into the risk assessment of cartilage defect repair in a nicotine exposure population and its therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxian Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Jiang X, Huang X, Jiang T, Zheng L, Zhao J, Zhang X. The role of Sox9 in collagen hydrogel-mediated chondrogenic differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1556-1568. [PMID: 29696285 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sox9 is a transcription factor that regulates chondrogenesis, but its role in the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) triggered by materials is poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfang Jiang
- The College of Stomatology
- Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Xianyuan Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University
- Nanning
- China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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19
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Zhang X, Wu S, Naccarato T, Prakash-Damani M, Chou Y, Chu CQ, Zhu Y. Regeneration of hyaline-like cartilage in situ with SOX9 stimulation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180138. [PMID: 28666028 PMCID: PMC5493350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfracture, a common procedure for treatment of cartilage injury, induces fibrocartilage repair by recruiting bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to the site of cartilage injury. However, fibrocartilage is inferior biomechanically to hyaline cartilage. SRY-type high-mobility group box-9 (SOX9) is a master regulator of chondrogenesis by promoting proliferation and differentiation of MSC into chondrocytes. In this study we aimed to test the therapeutic potential of cell penetrating recombinant SOX9 protein in regeneration of hyaline cartilage in situ at the site of cartilage injury. We generated a recombinant SOX9 protein which was fused with super positively charged green fluorescence protein (GFP) (scSOX9) to facilitate cell penetration. scSOX9 was able to induce chondrogenesis of bone marrow derived MSC in vitro. In a rabbit cartilage injury model, scSOX9 in combination with microfracture significantly improved quality of repaired cartilage as shown by macroscopic appearance. Histological analysis revealed that the reparative tissue induced by microfracture with scSOX9 had features of hyaline cartilage; and collagen type II to type I ratio was similar to that in normal cartilage. This short term in vivo study demonstrated that when administered at the site of microfracture, scSOX9 was able to induce reparative tissue with features of hyaline cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Shili Wu
- VivoScript, Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
| | - Ty Naccarato
- VivoScript, Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Yuan Chou
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Cong-Qiu Chu
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
- Section of Rheumatology, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CQC); (YZ)
| | - Yong Zhu
- VivoScript, Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CQC); (YZ)
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20
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Jiang T, Xu G, Wang Q, Yang L, Zheng L, Zhao J, Zhang X. In vitro expansion impaired the stemness of early passage mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of cartilage defects. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2851. [PMID: 28569773 PMCID: PMC5520885 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In vitro cultured autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within passage 5 have been approved for clinical application in stem cell-based treatment of cartilage defects. However, their chondrogenic potential has not yet been questioned or verified. In this study, the chondrogenic potential of bone marrow MSCs at passage 3 (P3 BMSCs) was investigated both in cartilage repair and in vitro, with freshly isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) as controls. The results showed that P3 BMSCs were inferior to BMMNCs not only in their chondrogenic differentiation ability but also as candidates for long-term repair of cartilage defects. Compared with BMMNCs, P3 BMSCs presented a decay in telomerase activity and a change in chromosomal morphology with potential anomalous karyotypes, indicating senescence. In addition, interindividual variability in P3 BMSCs is much higher than in BMMNCs, demonstrating genomic instability. Interestingly, remarkable downregulation in cell cycle, DNA replication and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways as well as in multiple genes associated with telomerase activity and chromosomal stability were found in P3 BMSCs. This result indicates that telomerase and chromosome anomalies might originate from expansion, leading to impaired stemness and pluripotency of stem cells. In vitro culture and expansion are not recommended for cell-based therapy, and fresh BMMNCs are the first choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guojie Xu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lihui Yang
- School of Nursing, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Guangxi Biological Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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21
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Lu Z, Lei D, Jiang T, Yang L, Zheng L, Zhao J. Nerve growth factor from Chinese cobra venom stimulates chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2801. [PMID: 28518137 PMCID: PMC5520725 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), have critical roles in the regulation of the chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which promote cartilage repair. However, the clinical applications of the traditional growth factors are limited by their high cost, functional heterogeneity and unpredictable effects, such as cyst formation. It may be advantageous for cartilage regeneration to identify a low-cost substitute with greater chondral specificity and easy accessibility. As a neuropeptide, nerve growth factor (NGF) was involved in cartilage metabolism and NGF is hypothesized to mediate the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. We isolated NGF from Chinese cobra venom using a three-step procedure that we had improved upon from previous studies, and investigated the chondrogenic potential of NGF on bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that NGF greatly upregulated the expression of cartilage-specific markers. When applied to cartilage repair for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, NGF-treated BMSCs have greater therapeutic effect than untreated BMSCs. Although inferior to TGF-β1 regarding its chondrogenic potential, NGF showed considerably lower expression of collagen type I, which is a fibrocartilage marker, and RUNX2, which is critical for terminal chondrocyte differentiation than TGF-β1, indicating its chondral specificity. Interestingly, NGF rarely induced BMSCs to differentiate into a neuronal phenotype, which may be due to the presence of other chondrogenic supplements. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism revealed that NGF-mediated chondrogenesis may be associated with the activation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways via the specific receptor of NGF, TrkA. In addition, NGF is easily accessed because of the abundance and low price of cobra venom, as well as the simplified methods for separation and purification. This study was the first to demonstrate the chondrogenic potential of NGF, which may provide a reference for cartilage regeneration in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Lu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Danqing Lei
- The Medical and Scientific Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lihui Yang
- School of Nursing, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Material for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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22
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Durgam S, Stewart M. Cellular and Molecular Factors Influencing Tendon Repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:307-317. [PMID: 28092213 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tendons are complex connective tissues that transmit tensile forces between muscles and tendons. Tendon injuries are among the most common orthopedic problems with long-term disability as a frequent consequence due to prolonged healing time. Furthermore, the repair tissue is of inferior quality, predisposing patients to high rates of recurrence following initial injury. Coordinated cellular processes and biological factors under the influence of mechanical loading are involved in tendon healing and our understanding of these events lags behind other musculoskeletal tissues. Tendons are relatively hypocellular and hypovascular, with little or no intrinsic regenerative capacity. Studies have documented fatty degeneration, chondrogenic dysplasia, and ectopic ossification within tendon repair tissue. The underlying pathogenesis for these metaplastic changes that compromise the quality of tendon repair tissue is poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to compile literature reporting molecular processes that regulate/control the phenotype of cells responsible for abnormal matrix deposition at repair site. In addition, recent studies reporting the interplay of mechanotransduction and cellular responses during tendon repair are summarized. Identifying the links between cellular, biological, and mechanical parameters involved in tendon repair is paramount to develop successful therapies for tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Durgam
- 1 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew Stewart
- 2 Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois
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23
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Jiang Y, Cai Y, Zhang W, Yin Z, Hu C, Tong T, Lu P, Zhang S, Neculai D, Tuan RS, Ouyang HW. Human Cartilage-Derived Progenitor Cells From Committed Chondrocytes for Efficient Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:733-44. [PMID: 27130221 PMCID: PMC4878331 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Articular cartilage is not a physiologically self-renewing tissue. Injury of cartilage often progresses from the articular surface to the subchondral bone, leading to pathogenesis of tissue degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis. Therapies to treat cartilage defects using autologous chondrocyte-based tissue engineering have been developed and used for more than 20 years; however, the challenge of chondrocyte expansion in vitro remains. A promising cell source, cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs), has attracted recent attention. Because their origin and identity are still unclear, the application potential of CSPCs is under active investigation. Here we have captured the emergence of a group of stem/progenitor cells derived from adult human chondrocytes, highlighted by dynamic changes in expression of the mature chondrocyte marker, COL2, and mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) marker, CD146. These cells are termed chondrocyte-derived progenitor cells (CDPCs). The stem cell-like potency and differentiation status of CDPCs were determined by physical and biochemical cues during culture. A low-density, low-glucose 2-dimensional culture condition (2DLL) was critical for the emergence and proliferation enhancement of CDPCs. CDPCs showed similar phenotype as bone marrow mesenchymal stromal/stem cells but exhibited greater chondrogenic potential. Moreover, the 2DLL-cultured CDPCs proved efficient in cartilage formation both in vitro and in vivo and in repairing large knee cartilage defects (6-13 cm(2)) in 15 patients. These findings suggest a phenotype conversion between chondrocytes and CDPCs and provide conditions that promote the conversion. These insights expand our understanding of cartilage biology and may enhance the success of chondrocyte-based therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Injury of cartilage, a non-self-repairing tissue, often progresses to pathogenesis of degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis. Although tissue-derived stem cells have been shown to contribute to tissue renewal and homeostasis, the derivation, biological function, and application potential of stem/progenitor cells found in adult human articular cartilage are incompletely understood. This study reports the derivation of a population of cartilage stem/progenitor cells from fully differentiated chondrocytes under specific culture conditions, which have the potential to reassume their chondrocytic phenotype for efficient cartilage regeneration. These findings support the possibility of using in vitro amplified chondrocyte-derived progenitor cells for joint cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Jiang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Center for Cellular Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Youzhi Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchang Hu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Tong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dante Neculai
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong Wei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Group, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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24
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Sakata R, Iwakura T, Reddi AH. Regeneration of Articular Cartilage Surface: Morphogens, Cells, and Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:461-73. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakata
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Sacramento, California
| | - Takashi Iwakura
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Sacramento, California
| | - A. Hari Reddi
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Sacramento, California
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25
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Veronesi F, Cadossi M, Giavaresi G, Martini L, Setti S, Buda R, Giannini S, Fini M. Pulsed electromagnetic fields combined with a collagenous scaffold and bone marrow concentrate enhance osteochondral regeneration: an in vivo study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:233. [PMID: 26328626 PMCID: PMC4557597 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) biophysical stimulation and bone marrow concentrate (BMC) in osteochondral defect healing in comparison to the treatment with scaffold alone. METHODS An osteochondral lesion of both knees was performed in ten rabbits. One was treated with a collagen scaffold alone and the other with scaffold seeded with BMC. Half of the animals were stimulated by PEMFs (75 Hz, 1.5 mT, 4 h/day) and at 40 d, macroscopic, histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate osteochondral defect regeneration. RESULTS Regarding cartilage, the addition of BMC to the scaffold improved cell parameters and the PEMF stimulation improved both cell and matrix parameters compared with scaffold alone. The combination of BMC and PEMFs further improved osteochondral regeneration: there was an improvement in macroscopic, cartilage cellularity and matrix parameters and a reduction in the percentage of cartilage under the tidemark. Epiphyseal bone healing improved in all the osteochondral defects regardless of treatment, although PEMFs alone did not significantly improve the reconstruction of subchondral bone in comparison to treatment with scaffold alone. CONCLUSIONS Results show that BMC and PEMFs might have a separate effect on osteochondral regeneration, but it seems that they have a greater effect when used together. Biophysical stimulation is a non-invasive therapy, free from side effects and should be started soon after BMC transplantation to increase the quality of the regenerated tissue. However, because this is the first explorative study on the combination of a biological and a biophysical treatment for osteochondral regeneration, future preclinical and clinical research should be focused on this topic to explore mechanisms of action and the correct clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Department Rizzoli RIT, Laboratory of Biocompatibility Innovative Technologies and Advanced Therapies, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cadossi
- I Orthopaedics and Trauma Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. .,University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- Department Rizzoli RIT, Laboratory of Biocompatibility Innovative Technologies and Advanced Therapies, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. .,Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Lucia Martini
- Department Rizzoli RIT, Laboratory of Biocompatibility Innovative Technologies and Advanced Therapies, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. .,Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Setti
- IGEA S.p.A., via Parmenide 10/A, 41012, Carpi, Modena, Italy.
| | - Roberto Buda
- I Orthopaedics and Trauma Clinic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. .,University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Milena Fini
- Department Rizzoli RIT, Laboratory of Biocompatibility Innovative Technologies and Advanced Therapies, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. .,Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
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26
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Abstract
Objectives The major problem with repair of an articular cartilage injury
is the extensive difference in the structure and function of regenerated,
compared with normal cartilage. Our work investigates the feasibility
of repairing articular osteochondral defects in the canine knee
joint using a composite lamellar scaffold of nano-ß-tricalcium phosphate
(ß-TCP)/collagen (col) I and II with bone marrow stromal stem cells
(BMSCs) and assesses its biological compatibility. Methods The bone–cartilage scaffold was prepared as a laminated composite,
using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HAP)/collagen I/copolymer
of polylactic acid–hydroxyacetic acid as the bony scaffold, and
sodium hyaluronate/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as the cartilaginous
scaffold. Ten-to 12-month-old hybrid canines were randomly divided
into an experimental group and a control group. BMSCs were obtained
from the iliac crest of each animal, and only those of the third
generation were used in experiments. An articular osteochondral
defect was created in the right knee of dogs in both groups. Those
in the experimental group were treated by implanting the composites
consisting of the lamellar scaffold of ß-TCP/col I/col II/BMSCs.
Those in the control group were left untreated. Results After 12 weeks of implantation, defects in the experimental group
were filled with white semi-translucent tissue, protruding slightly
over the peripheral cartilage surface. After 24 weeks, the defect
space in the experimental group was filled with new cartilage tissues, finely
integrated into surrounding normal cartilage. The lamellar scaffold
of ß-TCP/col I/col II was gradually degraded and absorbed, while
new cartilage tissue formed. In the control group, the defects were
not repaired. Conclusion This method can be used as a suitable scaffold material for the
tissue-engineered repair of articular cartilage defects. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:56–64
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lv
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q S Yu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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27
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Repair of articular cartilage defects in the knee with autologous iliac crest cartilage in a rabbit model. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:1119-27. [PMID: 24573237 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-014-2906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate that iliac crest cartilage may be used to repair articular cartilage defects in the knees of rabbits. METHODS Full-thickness cartilage defects were created in the medial femoral condyle on both knees of 36 New Zealand white rabbits. The 72 defects were randomly assigned to be repaired with ipsilateral iliac crest cartilage (Group I), osteochondral tissues removed at defect creation (Group II), or no treatment (negative control, Group III). Animals were killed at 6, 12, and 24 weeks post-operatively. The repaired tissues were harvested for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological studies (haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining), and mechanical testing. RESULTS At 6 weeks, the iliac crest cartilage graft was not yet well integrated with the surrounding articular cartilage, but at 12 weeks, the graft deep zone had partial ossification. By 24 weeks, the hyaline cartilage-like tissue was completely integrated with the surrounding articular cartilage. Osteochondral autografts showed more rapid healing than Group I at 6 weeks and complete healing at 12 weeks. Untreated defects were concave or partly filled with fibrous tissue throughout the study. MRI showed that Group I had slower integration with surrounding normal cartilage compared with Group II. The mechanical properties of Group I were significantly lower than those of Group II at 12 weeks, but this difference was not significant at 24 weeks. CONCLUSION Iliac crest cartilage autografts were able to repair knee cartilage defects with hyaline cartilage and showed comparable results with osteochondral autografts in the rabbit model.
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28
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Lam J, Lu S, Kasper FK, Mikos AG. Strategies for controlled delivery of biologics for cartilage repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:123-34. [PMID: 24993610 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of biologics is an important component in the treatment of osteoarthritis and the functional restoration of articular cartilage. Numerous factors have been implicated in the cartilage repair process, but the uncontrolled delivery of these factors may not only reduce their full reparative potential but can also cause unwanted morphological effects. It is therefore imperative to consider the type of biologic to be delivered, the method of delivery, and the temporal as well as spatial presentation of the biologic to achieve the desired effect in cartilage repair. Additionally, the delivery of a single factor may not be sufficient in guiding neo-tissue formation, motivating recent research toward the delivery of multiple factors. This review will discuss the roles of various biologics involved in cartilage repair and the different methods of delivery for appropriate healing responses. A number of spatiotemporal strategies will then be emphasized for the controlled delivery of single and multiple bioactive factors in both in vitro and in vivo cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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29
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Rey-Rico A, Frisch J, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Madry H, Cucchiarini M. Determination of effective rAAV-mediated gene transfer conditions to support chondrogenic differentiation processes in human primary bone marrow aspirates. Gene Ther 2015; 22:50-7. [PMID: 25338919 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The genetic modification of freshly aspirated bone marrow may provide convenient tools to enhance the regenerative capacities of cartilage defects compared with the complex manipulation of isolated progenitor cells. In the present study, we examined the ability and safety of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype 2 vectors to deliver various reporter gene sequences in primary human bone marrow aspirates over time without altering the chondrogenic processes in the samples. The results demonstrate that successful rAAV-mediated gene transfer and expression of the lacZ and red fluorescent protein marker genes were achieved in transduced aspirates at very high efficiencies (90-94%) and over extended periods of time (up to 125 days) upon treatment with hirudin, an alternative anticoagulant that does not prevent the adsorption of the rAAV-2 particles at the surface of their targets compared with heparin. Application of rAAV was safe, displaying neither cytotoxic nor detrimental effects on the cellular and proliferative activities or on the chondrogenic processes in the aspirates especially using an optimal dose of 0.5 mg ml(-1) hirudin, and application of the potent SOX9 transcription factor even enhanced these processes while counteracting hypertrophic differentiation. The current findings demonstrate the clinical value of this class of vector to durably and safely modify bone marrow aspirates as a means to further develop convenient therapeutic approaches to improve the healing of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rey-Rico
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - J Frisch
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - J K Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - G Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - H Madry
- 1] Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany [2] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - M Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Cartilage repair using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheet and MSCs-loaded bilayer PLGA scaffold in a rabbit model. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2014; 22:1424-33. [PMID: 23108680 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-2256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The integration of regenerated cartilage with surrounding native cartilage is a major challenge for the success of cartilage tissue-engineering strategies. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether incorporation of the power of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sheet to MSCs-loaded bilayer poly-(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds can improve the integration and repair of cartilage defects in a rabbit model. METHODS Rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs were cultured and formed cell sheet. Full-thickness cylindrical osteochondral defects (4 mm in diameter, 3 mm in depth) were created in the patellar groove of 18 New Zealand white rabbits and the osteochondral defects were treated with PLGA scaffold (n = 6), PLGA/MSCs (n = 6) or MSC sheet-encapsulated PLGA/MSCs (n = 6). After 6 and 12 weeks, the integration and tissue response were evaluated histologically. RESULTS The MSC sheet-encapsulated PLGA/MCSs group showed significantly more amounts of hyaline cartilage and higher histological scores than PLGA/MSCs group and PLGA group (P < 0.05). In addition, the MSC sheet-encapsulated PLGA/MCSs group showed the best integration between the repaired cartilage and surrounding normal cartilage and subchondral bone compared to other two groups. CONCLUSIONS The novel method of incorporation of MSC sheet to PLGA/MCSs could enhance the ability of cartilage regeneration and integration between repair cartilage and the surrounding cartilage. Transplantation of autologous MSC sheet combined with traditional strategies or cartilage debris might provide therapeutic opportunities for improving cartilage regeneration and integration in humans.
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Liu S, Wu J, Liu X, Chen D, Bowlin GL, Cao L, Lu J, Li F, Mo X, Fan C. Osteochondral regeneration using an oriented nanofiber yarn-collagen type I/hyaluronate hybrid/TCP biphasic scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:581-92. [PMID: 24771686 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglei Wu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics; The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University; Yinchuan 750004 China
| | - Gary L. Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond Virginia 23284-3067
| | - Lei Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; 639 Zhizaoju Road Shanghai 200011 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxi Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine; 639 Zhizaoju Road Shanghai 200011 People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Mo
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Biological Engineering, Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 200233 People's Republic of China
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Krase A, Abedian R, Steck E, Hurschler C, Richter W. BMP activation and Wnt-signalling affect biochemistry and functional biomechanical properties of cartilage tissue engineering constructs. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:284-92. [PMID: 24280245 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-) and Wnt-signalling play crucial roles in cartilage homeostasis. Our objective was to investigate whether activation of the BMP-pathway or stimulation of Wnt-signalling cascades effectively enhances cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and functional biomechanical parameters of chondrocyte-seeded tissue engineering (TE)-constructs. DESIGN Articular chondrocytes were cultured in collagen-type-I/III-matrices over 6 weeks to create a biomechanical standard curve. Effects of stimulation with 100 ng/mL BMP-4/-7 heterodimer or 10 mM lithium chloride (LiCl) on ECM-deposition was quantified and characterized histologically. Biomechanical parameters were determined by the Very Low Rubber Hardness (VLRH) method and under confined compression stress relaxation. RESULTS BMP-4/-7 treatment resulted in stronger collagen type-II staining and significantly enhanced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition (3.2-fold; *P < 0.01) correlating with improved hardness (∼1.7-fold; *P = 0.001) reaching 83% of native cartilage values after 28 days, a value not reached before 9 weeks without stimulation. LiCl treatment enhanced VLRH slightly, but significantly (∼1.3-fold; *P = 0.016) with a trend to more ECM-deposition. BMP-4/-7 treatment significantly enhanced the E Modulus (105.7 ± 34.1 kPa; *P = 0.000001) compared to controls (8.0 ± 4.2 kPa). Poisson's ratio was significantly improved by BMP-4/-7 treatment (0.0703 ± 0.0409; *P = 0.013) vs controls (0.0432 ± 0.0284) and a significantly lower permeability (5.8 ± 2.1056 × 10(-14) m4/N.s; *P = 0.00001) was detected compared to untreated scaffolds (4.4 ± 3.1289 × 10(-13) m4/N.s). CONCLUSIONS While Wnt-activation is less effective, BMP-4/-7 heterodimer stimulation approximated native cartilage features in less than 50% of standard culture time representing a promising strategy for functional cartilage TE to improve biomechanical parameters of engineered cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krase
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - R Abedian
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Orthopaedic Department, Hannover Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - E Steck
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - C Hurschler
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Orthopaedic Department, Hannover Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - W Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Shen W, Chen J, Zhu T, Chen L, Zhang W, Fang Z, Heng BC, Yin Z, Chen X, Ji J, Chen W, Ouyang HW. Intra-articular injection of human meniscus stem/progenitor cells promotes meniscus regeneration and ameliorates osteoarthritis through stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4-mediated homing. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:387-94. [PMID: 24448516 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniscus injury is frequently encountered in clinical practice. Current surgical therapy involving partial or complete meniscectomy relieves pain in the short-term but often leads to osteoarthritis (OA) in the long-term. In this study, we report a new strategy of articular cartilage protection by intra-articular injection of novel human meniscus stem/progenitor cells (hMeSPCs). We found that hMeSPCs displayed both mesenchymal stem cell characteristics and high expression levels of collagen II. In the rat meniscus injury model, hMeSPC transplantation not only led to more neo-tissue formation and better-defined shape but also resulted in more rounded cells and matured extracellular matrix. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) enhanced the migration of hMeSPCs, whereas AMD3100 abolished the chemotactic effects of SDF-1 on hMeSPCs, both in vitro and in vivo. In an experimental OA model, transplantation of hMeSPCs effectively protected articular cartilage, as evidenced by reduced expression of OA markers such as collagen I, collagen X, and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α but increased expression of collagen II. Our study demonstrated for the first time that intra-articular injection of hMeSPCs enhanced meniscus regeneration through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. Our study highlights a new strategy of intra-articular injection of hMeSPCs for meniscus regeneration.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Benzylamines
- Cartilage, Articular/injuries
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/pharmacology
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type II/genetics
- Collagen Type II/metabolism
- Collagen Type X/genetics
- Collagen Type X/metabolism
- Cyclams
- Gene Expression
- Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Humans
- Injections, Intra-Articular
- Male
- Menisci, Tibial/metabolism
- Menisci, Tibial/pathology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis/genetics
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Osteoarthritis/therapy
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Regeneration/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Tibial Meniscus Injuries
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Shen
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland
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Shi J, Zhang X, Zhu J, Pi Y, Hu X, Zhou C, Ao Y. Nanoparticle delivery of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 gene to adipose-derived stem cells promotes articular cartilage repair in vitro and in vivo. Arthroscopy 2013; 29:2001-2011.e2. [PMID: 24286799 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles delivering pDC316-BMP4-EGFP plasmid into rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro and chondrogenesis of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4)--transfected ADSCs seeded onto poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLLGA) scaffold in a rabbit model. METHODS Cell viability and transfection efficiency of PLGA nanoparticles were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan) and flow cytometry. The BMP-4 and chondrogenesis markers were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thirty rabbits (60 knees) with full-thickness cylinder articular cartilage defects (diameter, 4.5 mm; depth, 0.8 mm) on the femoral trochlea were divided into a group in which the BMP-4--transfected ADSCs were seeded onto PLLGA scaffold and implanted into the defects (group ABNP), a group with untransfected ADSCs seeded onto scaffold (group ABP), and a group with a scaffold without cells (group P). Outcomes were evaluated by histology, Rudert score, Pineda score, and scanning electronic microscopy by 2 blinded observers at weeks 6 and 12 postoperatively. Statistical analyses were performed with analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The statistical significance level was set at P < .05. RESULTS The expression of chondrogenesis-related genes and proteins was significantly increased in BMP-4--transfected ADSCs in vitro (P < .05). The cell viability was 79.86% ± 5.04% after 24 hours. The transfection efficiency was 25.86% ± 4.27% after 72 hours. Defects in group ABNP showed the best in vivo cartilage regeneration. At week 12, the Rudert scores in group ABNP (7.00 ± 1.75) were better than those in group ABP (6.00 ± 2.00) or group P (5.00 ± 1.75) (P < .05), as were the Pineda scores (2.50 ± 3.00, 5.00 ± 2.00, and 6.00 ± 1.75, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS BMP-4 plasmid can be successfully delivered into ADSCs by PLGA nanoparticles and promoted in vitro chondrogenesis. When compared with the control cells, BMP-4--transfected ADSCs seeded onto PLLGA scaffold significantly improve in vivo chondrogenesis in a rabbit articular defect model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PLGA nanoparticles and BMP-4 have potential for gene therapy in the treatment of chondral defects of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shi
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lui PPY. Histopathological changes in tendinopathy--potential roles of BMPs? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:2116-2126. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Krüger JP, Freymannx U, Vetterlein S, Neumann K, Endres M, Kaps C. Bioactive factors in platelet-rich plasma obtained by apheresis. Transfus Med Hemother 2013; 40:432-40. [PMID: 24474894 PMCID: PMC3901588 DOI: 10.1159/000356329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in regenerative approaches in cartilage repair is becoming more common. Information about PRP composition and its content of putative bioactive chondrogenic growth factors (GF) that may support cartilage regeneration is scarce. METHODS GF composition of a pool of 6 PRP preparations was determined using Protein Antibody Membrane Arrays covering 507 GF, signaling molecules, and receptors. To verify the chondrogenic GF variability in PRP, Growth Factor Antibody Membrane Arrays covering 26 GF were applied to 6 individual PRP preparations. Selected GF involved in chondrogenic differentiation were quantified by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS 417 out of 507 possible detectable proteins were present in the PRP pool, including 76 GF. Quantification of selected chondrogenic GF by ELISA showed an average of 0.31 ng/ml bone morphogenetic protein-2, 0.50 ng/ml connective tissue growth factor, 0.76 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor-2, and 0.59 ng/ml transforming growth factor-β3. CONCLUSION PRP as a therapeutic option in regenerative cartilage repair strategies is a powerful tool for the local application of chondrogenic GF to the site of injury. Chondrogenic GF are present in PRP and may support cartilage repair by inducing cell differentiation and cartilage matrix formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Krüger
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Undine Freymannx
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Vetterlein
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Neumann
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Endres
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kaps
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Jiang Y, Chen L, Zhang S, Tong T, Zhang W, Liu W, Xu G, Tuan RS, Heng BC, Crawford R, Xiao Y, Ouyang HW. Incorporation of bioactive polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine within bilayered collagen scaffolds enhances the differentiation and subchondral osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:8089-98. [PMID: 23707501 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (Povidone-iodine, PVP-I) is widely used as an antiseptic agent for lavation during joint surgery; however, the biological effects of PVP-I on cells from joint tissue are unknown. This study examined the biocompatibility and biological effects of PVP-I on cells from joint tissue, with the aim of optimizing cell-scaffold based joint repair. Cells from joint tissue, including cartilage derived progenitor cells (CPC), subchondral bone derived osteoblast and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) were isolated. The concentration-dependent effects of PVP-I on cell proliferation, migration and differentiation were evaluated. Additionally, the efficacy and mechanism of a PVP-I loaded bilayer collagen scaffold for osteochondral defect repair was investigated in a rabbit model. A micromolar concentration of PVP-I was found not to affect cell proliferation, CPC migration or extracellular matrix production. Interestingly, micromolar concentrations of PVP-I promote osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSC, as evidenced by up-regulation of RUNX2 and Osteocalcin gene expression, as well as increased mineralization on the three-dimensional scaffold. PVP-I treatment of collagen scaffolds significantly increased fibronectin binding onto the scaffold surface and collagen type I protein synthesis of cultured BM-MSC. Implantation of PVP-I treated collagen scaffolds into rabbit osteochondral defect significantly enhanced subchondral bone regeneration at 6 weeks post-surgery compared with the scaffold alone (subchondral bone histological score of 8.80±1.64 vs. 3.8±2.19, p<0.05). The biocompatibility and pro-osteogenic activity of PVP-I on the cells from joint tissue and the enhanced subchondral bone formation in PVP-I treated scaffolds would thus indicate the potential of PVP-I for osteochondral defect repair.
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Shen W, Chen J, Zhu T, Yin Z, Chen X, Chen L, Fang Z, Heng BC, Ji J, Chen W, Ouyang HW. Osteoarthritis prevention through meniscal regeneration induced by intra-articular injection of meniscus stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2071-82. [PMID: 23461527 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meniscus injury is frequently encountered in clinical practice. Current surgical therapy involving partial or complete meniscectomy relieves pain in the short-term but often leads to osteoarthritis (OA) in the long-term. Here, this study aimed to identify and characterize a novel population of meniscus-derived stem cells (MeSCs) and develop a new strategy of articular cartilage protection by intra-articular injection of these cells. The "stemness" and immune properties of MeSCs were investigated in vitro, while the efficacy of intra-articular injection of MeSCs for meniscus regeneration and OA prevention were investigated in vivo at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postsurgery. MeSCs displayed typical stem cell characteristics such as low immunogenicity and even possessed immunosuppressive function. In a rabbit meniscus injury model, transplantation of allogenous MeSCs did not elicit immunological rejection, but promoted neo-tissue formation with better-defined shape and more matured extracellular matrix. In a rabbit experimental OA model, transplantation of MeSCs further protected joint surface cartilage and maintained joint space at 12 weeks postsurgery, whereas extensive joint surface irregularities and joint space stenosis were observed in the control group. This study thus evoked a new strategy for articular cartilage protection and meniscus regeneration by intra-articular injection of MeSCs for patients undergoing meniscectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Shen
- Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhao Q, Wang S, Tian J, Wang L, Dong S, Xia T, Wu Z. Combination of bone marrow concentrate and PGA scaffolds enhance bone marrow stimulation in rabbit articular cartilage repair. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:793-801. [PMID: 23274630 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) has been regarded as a first-line procedure for the repair of articular cartilage. However, cartilage repair using BMS alone has so far not been ideal because cell homing to the required area has not been sufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of autologous bone marrow concentrate transplantation for the repair of large, full-thickness cartilage defects. Thirty rabbits were divided into five groups: untreated (control); BMS only (BMS); BMS followed by PGA implantation (PGA); BMS followed by a combination of PGA and autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC); and BMS together with a composite of PGA and cultured bone marrow stem cells (BME). The animals were sacrificed at week 8 after operation, and HE staining, toluidine blue staining and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the repair of defects. The results showed that improved repair, including more newly formed cartilage tissue and hyaline cartilage-specific extracellular matrix, was observed in BMC group relative to the first three groups, in addition similar results were found between BMC and BME groups, however it took longer time for in vitro cell expansion in the BME group. This study demonstrates that the transplantation of autologous bone marrow concentrate is an easy, safe and potentially viable method to contribute to articular cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Giavaresi G, Bondioli E, Melandri D, Giardino R, Tschon M, Torricelli P, Cenacchi G, Rotini R, Castagna A, Veronesi F, Pagani S, Fini M. Response of human chondrocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells to a decellularized human dermis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14:12. [PMID: 23294867 PMCID: PMC3547812 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although progress has been made in the treatment of articular cartilage lesions, they are still a major challenge because current techniques do not provide satisfactory long-term outcomes. Tissue engineering and the use of functional biomaterials might be an alternative regenerative strategy and fulfill clinical needs. Decellularized extracellular matrices have generated interest as functional biologic scaffolds, but there are few studies on cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the biological influence of a newly developed decellularized human dermal extracellular matrix on two human primary cultures. Methods Normal human articular chondrocytes (NHAC-kn) and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) from healthy donors were seeded in polystyrene wells as controls (CTR), and on decellularized human dermis batches (HDM_derm) for 7 and 14 days. Cellular proliferation and differentiation, and anabolic and catabolic synthetic activity were quantified at each experimental time. Histology and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate morphology and ultrastructure. Results Both cell cultures had a similar proliferation rate that increased significantly (p < 0.0005) at 14 days. In comparison with CTR, at 14 days NHAC-kn enhanced procollagen type II (CPII, p < 0.05) and aggrecan synthesis (p < 0.0005), whereas hMSC significantly enhanced aggrecan synthesis (p < 0.0005) and transforming growth factor-beta1 release (TGF-β1, p < 0.0005) at both experimental times. Neither inflammatory stimulus nor catabolic activity induction was observed. By comparing data of the two primary cells, NHAC-kn synthesized significantly more CPII than did hMSC at both experimental times (p < 0.005), whereas hMSC synthesized more aggrecan at 7 days (p < 0.005) and TGF-β1 at both experimental times than did NHAC-kn (p < 0.005). Conclusions The results obtained showed that in in vitro conditions HDM_derm behaves as a suitable scaffold for the growth of both well-differentiated chondrocytes and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, thus ensuring a biocompatible and bioactive substrate. Further studies are mandatory to test the use of HDM_derm with tissue engineering to assess its therapeutic and functional effectiveness in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Giavaresi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute IRCCS, Bologna, Italy.
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The use of type 1 collagen scaffold containing stromal cell-derived factor-1 to create a matrix environment conducive to partial-thickness cartilage defects repair. Biomaterials 2013; 34:713-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bénazet JD, Pignatti E, Nugent A, Unal E, Laurent F, Zeller R. Smad4 is required to induce digit ray primordia and to initiate the aggregation and differentiation of chondrogenic progenitors in mouse limb buds. Development 2012; 139:4250-60. [PMID: 23034633 DOI: 10.1242/dev.084822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SMAD4 is an essential mediator of canonical TGFβ/BMP signal transduction and we inactivated Smad4 in mouse limb buds from early stages onward to study its functions in the mesenchyme. While this Smad4 inactivation did not alter the early Sox9 distribution, prefiguring the chondrogenic primordia of the stylopod and zeugopod, it disrupted formation of all Sox9-positive digit ray primordia. Specific inactivation of Smad4 during handplate development pointed to its differential requirement for posterior and anterior digit ray primordia. At the cellular level, Smad4 deficiency blocked the aggregation of Sox9-positive progenitors, thereby preventing chondrogenic differentiation as revealed by absence of collagen type II. The progressive loss of SOX9 due to disrupting digit ray primordia and chondrogenesis was paralleled by alterations in genes marking other lineages. This pointed to a general loss of tissue organization and diversion of mutant cells toward non-specific connective tissue. Conditional inactivation of Bmp2 and Bmp4 indicated that the loss of digit ray primordia and increase in connective tissue were predominantly a consequence of disrupting SMAD4-mediated BMP signal transduction. In summary, our analysis reveals that SMAD4 is required to initiate: (1) formation of the Sox9-positive digit ray primordia; and (2) aggregation and chondrogenic differentiation of all limb skeletal elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Denis Bénazet
- Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhang W, Chen J, Zhang S, Ouyang HW. Inhibitory function of parathyroid hormone-related protein on chondrocyte hypertrophy: the implication for articular cartilage repair. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:221. [PMID: 22971952 PMCID: PMC3580589 DOI: 10.1186/ar4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage repair tissue is usually accompanied by chondrocyte hypertrophy and osseous overgrowths, and a role for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in inhibiting chondrocytes from hypertrophic differentiation during the process of endochondral ossification has been demonstrated. However, application of PTHrP in cartilage repair has not been extensively considered. This review systemically summarizes for the first time the inhibitory function of PTHrP on chondrocyte hypertrophy in articular cartilage and during the process of endochondral ossification, as well as the process of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenic differentiation. Based on the literature review, the strategy of using PTHrP for articular cartilage repair is suggested, which is instructive for clinical treatment of cartilage injuries as well as osteoarthritis.
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Wang Y, Huang YC, Gertzman AA, Xie L, Nizkorodov A, Hyzy SL, Truncale K, Guldberg RE, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Endogenous regeneration of critical-size chondral defects in immunocompromised rat xiphoid cartilage using decellularized human bone matrix scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:2332-42. [PMID: 22731693 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical efforts to repair cartilage defects delivering cells or engineered cartilage implants into the lesions have met with limited success. This study used a critical-size chondral defect model in immunocompromised rat xiphoid cartilage to test whether endogenous chondrogenesis could be achieved using human bone matrix scaffolds to deliver human cartilage particles and/or a variant isoform of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2-variant). Seventy-two male athymic RNU rats were enrolled in this study with eight rats per experimental group. Decellularized and demineralized human bone matrix scaffolds loaded with human articular cartilage particles or heat-inactivated cartilage particles were combined with different doses of the FGF2-variant. Scaffolds were implanted into 3-mm-diameter critical-size defects prepared using a biopsy punch through the center of the xiphoid. The samples were evaluated 28 days postsurgery using X-ray, equilibrium partitioning of ionic contrast microcomputed tomography, and safranin O-stained histological sagittal sections. Scaffolds containing cartilage particles plus the FGF2-variant induced dose-dependent increases in the formation of neocartilage (p<0.05), which was distributed homogeneously throughout the defects in comparison to scaffolds containing only the FGF2-variant. These effects were less pronounced when scaffolds with heat-inactivated cartilage particles were used. These results demonstrate that endogenous repair of chondral defects can be achieved in the absence of exogenous cells or bone marrow, suggesting that a similar approach may be successful for treating chondral lesions clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, USA
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Reyes R, Delgado A, Sánchez E, Fernández A, Hernández A, Evora C. Repair of an osteochondral defect by sustained delivery of BMP-2 or TGFβ1 from a bilayered alginate-PLGA scaffold. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:521-33. [PMID: 22733683 DOI: 10.1002/term.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of cartilage defects can be accelerated by localized delivery of appropriate growth factors (GFs) from scaffolds. In the present study we analysed the in vitro and in vivo release rates and delivery efficacies of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) from a bilayered system, applied for osteochondral defect repair in a rabbit model. A bone-orientated, porous PLGA cylinder was overlaid with GF containing PLGA microspheres, dispersed in an alginate matrix. Four microsphere formulations were incorporated: (a) blank ones; (b) microspheres containing 50 ng TGFβ1; (c) microspheres containing 2.5 µg BMP-2; and (d) microspheres containing 5 µg BMP-2. Release kinetics and tissue distributions were determined using iodinated ((125) I) GFs. Bioactivity of in vitro released BMP-2 and TGFβ1 was confirmed in cell-based assays. In vivo release profiles indicated good GF release control. 20% of BMP-2 and 15% of TGFβ1 were released during the first day. Virtually the total dose was delivered at the end of week 6. Significant histological differences were observed between untreated and GF-treated specimens, there being especially relevant short-term outcomes with 50 ng TGFβ1 and 5 µg BMP-2. Although the evaluation scores for the newly formed cartilage did not differ significantly, 5 µg BMP-2 gave rise to higher quality cartilage with improved surface regularity, tissue integration and increased collagen-type II and aggrecan immunoreactivity 2 weeks post-implantation. Hence, the bilayered system controlled GF release rates and led to preserved cartilage integrity from 12 weeks up to at least 24 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reyes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology and Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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Lui PPY, Chan KM. Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs): from basic science to potential roles in tendon pathology and tissue engineering applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 7:883-97. [PMID: 21611803 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, tendons are considered to only contain tenocytes that are responsible for the maintenance, repair and remodeling of tendons. Stem cells, which are termed tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs), have recently been identified in tendons. This review aims to summarize the current information about the in vitro characteristics of TDSCs, including issues related to TDSC isolation and culture, their cell morphology, immunophenotypes, proliferation and differentiation characteristics and senescence during in vitro passaging. The challenges in studying the functions of these cells are also discussed. The niche where TDSCs resided essentially provides signals that are conducive to the maintenance of definitive stem cell properties of TDSCs. Yet the niche may also induce pathologies by imposing an aberrant function on TDSCs or other targets. The possible niche factors of TDSCs are herein discussed. We presented current evidences supporting the potential pathogenic role of TDSCs in the development of tendinopathy with reference to the recent findings on the altered biological responses of these cells in response to their potential niche factors. The use of resident stem cells may promote engraftment and differentiation of transplanted cells in tendon and tendon-bone junction repair because the tendon milieu is an ideal and familiar environment to the transplanted cells. Evidences are presented to show the potential advantages and results of using TDSCs as a new cell source for tendon and tendon-bone junction repair. Issues pertaining to the use of TDSCs for tissue repair are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Po Yee Lui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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The promotion of cartilage defect repair using adenovirus mediated Sox9 gene transfer of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 2011; 32:3910-20. [PMID: 21377725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although Sox9 is essential for chondrogenic differentiation and matrix production, its application in cartilage tissue engineering has been rarely reported. In this study, the chondrogenic effect of Sox9 on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro and its application in articular cartilage repair in vivo were evaluated. Rabbit BMSCs were transduced with adenoviral vector containing Sox9. Toluidine blue, safranin O staining and real-time PCR were performed to check chondrogenic differentiation. The results showed that Sox9 could induce chondrogenesis of BMSCs both in monolayer and on PGA scaffold effectively. The rabbit model with full-thickness cartilage defects was established and then repaired by PGA scaffold and rabbit BMSCs with or without Sox9 transduction. HE, safranin O staining and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the repair of defects by the complex. Better repair, including more newly-formed cartilage tissue and hyaline cartilage-specific extracellular matrix and greater expression of several chondrogenesis marker genes were observed in PGA scaffold and BMSCs with Sox9 transduction, compared to that without transduction. Our findings defined the important role of Sox9 in the repair of cartilage defects in vivo and provided evidence that Sox9 had the potential and advantage in the application of tissue engineering.
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The effect of incorporation of exogenous stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha within a knitted silk-collagen sponge scaffold on tendon regeneration. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7239-49. [PMID: 20615544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study developed a bioactive knitted silk-collagen sponge scaffold by incorporation of exogenous SDF-1 alpha, to enable selective migration and homing of cells for in situ tendon regeneration. With in vitro studies, it was observed that CXCR4 gene expression and migration of bone mesenchymal stromal cells and hypo-dermal fibroblasts were more sensitive to exogenous SDF-1 alpha, while expression of tendon repair gene markers by hypo-dermal fibroblasts and Achilles tendon fibroblasts were more sensitive to exogenous SDF-1 alpha. With a rat Achilles tendon injury model, exogenous SDF-1 alpha was shown to reduce infiltration of inflammatory cells and enhance migration of fibroblast-like cells into the scaffold at 4 days and 1 week post-surgery. After 4 weeks, SDF-1 alpha treated tendon had increased expression of tendon repair gene markers and endogenous SDF-1 alpha, exhibited more physiological microstructures with larger diameter collagen fibrils, and had better biomechanical properties than the control group. Hence, our bioactive scaffold improved efficacy of tendon regeneration by increasing the recruitment of fibroblast-like cells, enhancing local endogenous SDF-1 alpha and tendon extracellular matrix production, and decreasing accumulation of inflammatory cells. Incorporation of SDF-1 alpha within a knitted silk-collagen sponge scaffold can therefore be a practical application for tendon tissue engineering.
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