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Kaboodkhani R, Mehrabani D, Moghaddam A, Salahshoori I, Khonakdar HA. Tissue engineering in otology: a review of achievements. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:1105-1153. [PMID: 38386362 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2318822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering application in otology spans a distance from the pinna to auditory nerve covered with specialized tissues and functions such as sense of hearing and aesthetics. It holds the potential to address the barriers of lack of donor tissue, poor tissue match, and transplant rejection through provision of new and healthy tissues similar to the host and possesses the capacity to renew, to regenerate, and to repair in-vivo and was shown to be a bypasses for any need to immunosuppression. This review aims to investigate the application of tissue engineering in otology and to evaluate the achievements and challenges in external, middle and inner ear sections. Since gaining the recent knowledge and training on use of different scaffolds is essential for otology specialists and who look for the recovery of ear function and aesthetics of patients, it is shown in this review how utilizing tissue engineering and cell transplantation, regenerative medicine can provide advancements in hearing and ear aesthetics to fit different patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Kaboodkhani
- Otorhinolaryngology Research Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Davood Mehrabani
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), Tehran, Iran
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Yan Y, Ji Q, Yang J, Yin X, Liu S, Karalkin PA, Reshetov IV, Han D, Li Q, Huang RL. Bioengineering autologous cartilage grafts for functional posterior lamellar eyelid reconstruction: A preliminary study in rabbits. Acta Biomater 2024; 179:106-120. [PMID: 38561072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The reconstruction of posterior lamellar eyelid defects remains a significant challenge in clinical practice due to anatomical complexity, specialized function, and aesthetic concerns. The ideal substitute for the posterior lamellar should replicate the native tarsoconjunctival tissue, providing both mechanical support for the eyelids and a smooth surface for the globe after implantation. In this study, we present an innovative approach utilizing tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC) grafts generated from rabbit auricular chondrocytes and a commercialized type I collagen sponge to reconstruct critical-sized posterior lamellar defects in rabbits. The TEC grafts demonstrated remarkable mechanical strength and maintained a stable cartilaginous phenotype both in vitro and at 6 months post-implantation in immunodeficient mice. When employed as autografts to reconstruct tarsal plate defects in rabbits' upper eyelids, these TEC grafts successfully restored normal eyelid morphology, facilitated smooth eyelid movement, and preserved the histological structure of the conjunctival epithelium. When applied in bilayered tarsoconjunctival defect reconstruction, these TEC grafts not only maintained the normal contour of the upper eyelid but also supported conjunctival epithelial cell migration and growth from the defect margin towards the centre. These findings highlight that auricular chondrocyte-based TEC grafts hold great promise as potential candidates for clinical posterior lamellar reconstruction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The complex structure and function of the posterior lamellar eyelid continue to be significant challenges for clinical reconstructive surgeries. In this study, we utilized autologous auricular chondrocyte-based TEC grafts for posterior lamellar eyelid reconstruction in a preclinical rabbit model. The TEC grafts exhibited native cartilaginous histomorphology and comparable mechanical strength to those of the native human tarsal plate. In rabbit models with either tarsal plate defects alone or bilayered tarsoconjunctival defects, TEC grafts successfully restored the normal eyelid contour and movement, as well as supported preservation and growth of conjunctival epithelium. This is the first study to demonstrate autologous TEC grafts can be employed for repairing tarsal plate defects, thereby offering an alternative therapeutic approach for treating posterior lamellar defects in clinic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiumei Ji
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiya Yin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Pavel A Karalkin
- Institute of Cluster Oncology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Igor V Reshetov
- Institute of Cluster Oncology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Ru-Lin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Shanghai Institute for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Bi B, Hou M, Yao L, Du Q, He A, Liu Y, Miao C, Liang X, Jiang X, Zhou G, Cao Y. A moldable thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin hydrogel for 3D cartilage regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:87-96. [PMID: 32268237 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of poor self-repair capacity, the repair of cartilage defect is always a great challenge in clinical treatment. In vitro cartilage regeneration provides a potential strategy for functional reconstruction of cartilage defect. Hydrogel has been known as an ideal cartilage regeneration scaffold. However, to date, in vitro cartilage regeneration based on hydrogel has not achieved satisfactory results. The current study explored the feasibility of in vitro 3D cartilage regeneration based on a moldable thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCH) hydrogel and its in vivo fate. The thermosensitive HPCH hydrogel was prepared and characterized. Goat auricular chondrocytes were encapsulated into the HPCH hydrogel to form a chondrocyte-hydrogel construct. The constructs were injected subcutaneously into nude mice or molded into different shapes for in vitro chondrogenic culture followed by in vivo implantation. The results demonstrated that the HPCH hydrogel possessed satisfactory gelation properties (gelation time < 18 s at 37 °C), biocompatibility (cell amount almost doubled within one week), and the ability to be applied as an injectable hydrogel for cartilage regeneration. All the constructs of in vitro culture basically maintained their original shapes (in vitro to initial: 110.8%) and displayed typical cartilaginous features with abundant lacunae and cartilage specific matrix deposition. These in vitro samples became more mature with prolonged in vivo implantation and largely maintained the original shape (in vivo to in vitro: 103.5%). These results suggested that the moldable thermosensitive HPCH hydrogel can serve as a promising scaffold for cartilage regeneration with defined shapes in vitro and in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Because of avascular and non-nervous characteristic of cartilage, in vitro regeneration plays an important role in reconstructing cartilage function. Hydrogel has been known as an ideal cartilage regeneration scaffold. However, to date, in vitro cartilage regeneration based on hydrogel has not achieved satisfactory results. The current study demonstrated that the chondrocyte-hydrogel construct generated by high density of chondrocytes encapsulated into a thermosensitive HPCH hydrogel could successfully regenerate in vitro typical cartilage-like tissue with defined shapes and further mature to form homogeneous cartilage with their original shapes after in vivo implantation. The current study indicated that the moldable thermosensitive HPCH hydrogel could serve as a promising scaffold for in vitro and in vivo cartilage regeneration with different shapes.
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Piluso S, Labet M, Zhou C, Seo JW, Thielemans W, Patterson J. Engineered Three-Dimensional Microenvironments with Starch Nanocrystals as Cell-Instructive Materials. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3819-3830. [PMID: 31490664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Naturally, cells reside in three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments composed of biopolymers that guide cellular behavior via topographical features as well as through mechanical and biochemical cues. However, most studies describing the influence of topography on cells' behavior are performed on rigid and synthetic two-dimensional substrates. To design systems that more closely resemble native microenvironments, herein we develop 3D nanocomposite hydrogels consisting of starch nanocrystals (SNCs) embedded in a gelatin matrix. The incorporation of different concentrations of SNCs (0.05, 0.2, and 0.5 wt %) results in an increase of compressive modulus when compared to hydrogels without SNCs, without affecting the swelling ratio, thus providing a tunable system. Confirming the cytocompatibility of the novel composites, the viability of encapsulated L929 fibroblasts is >90% in all hydrogels. The cellular metabolic activity and DNA content are similar for all formulations and increase over time, indicating that the fibroblasts proliferate within the hydrogels. After 4 d of culture, Live/Dead staining and F-actin/nuclei staining show that the encapsulated fibroblasts develop an elongated morphology in the hydrogels. On the other hand, encapsulated chondrogenic progenitor ATDC5 cells also maintain a viability around 90% but display a round morphology, especially in the hydrogels with SNCs, indicating a potential application of the materials for cartilage tissue engineering. We believe that topographical and mechanical cues within 3D microenvironments can be a powerful tool to instruct cells' behavior and that the developed gelatin/SNC nanocomposite warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Piluso
- Department of Materials Engineering , KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Marianne Labet
- Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering , KU Leuven , Campus Kulak Kortrijk , 8500 Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Materials Engineering , KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Jin Won Seo
- Department of Materials Engineering , KU Leuven , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering , KU Leuven , Campus Kulak Kortrijk , 8500 Kortrijk , Belgium
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Li J, Chen G, Xu X, Abdou P, Jiang Q, Shi D, Gu Z. Advances of injectable hydrogel-based scaffolds for cartilage regeneration. Regen Biomater 2019; 6:129-140. [PMID: 31198581 PMCID: PMC6547311 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is an important load-bearing tissue distributed on the surface of diarthrodial joints. Due to its avascular, aneural and non-lymphatic features, cartilage has limited self-regenerative properties. To date, the utilization of biomaterials to aid in cartilage regeneration, especially through the use of injectable scaffolds, has attracted considerable attention. Various materials, therapeutics and fabrication approaches have emerged with a focus on manipulating the cartilage microenvironment to induce the formation of cartilaginous structures that have similar properties to the native tissues. In particular, the design and fabrication of injectable hydrogel-based scaffolds have advanced in recent years with the aim of enhancing its therapeutic efficacy and improving its ease of administration. This review summarizes recent progress in these efforts, including the structural improvement of scaffolds, network cross-linking techniques and strategies for controlled release, which present new opportunities for the development of injectable scaffolds for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xingquan Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Peter Abdou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Martín AR, Patel JM, Zlotnick HM, Carey JL, Mauck RL. Emerging therapies for cartilage regeneration in currently excluded 'red knee' populations. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:12. [PMID: 31231546 PMCID: PMC6542813 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of articular cartilage repair has made significant advances in recent decades; yet current therapies are generally not evaluated or tested, at the time of pivotal trial, in patients with a variety of common comorbidities. To that end, we systematically reviewed cartilage repair clinical trials to identify common exclusion criteria and reviewed the literature to identify emerging regenerative approaches that are poised to overcome these current exclusion criteria. The term “knee cartilage repair” was searched on clinicaltrials.gov. Of the 60 trials identified on initial search, 33 were further examined to extract exclusion criteria. Criteria excluded by more than half of the trials were identified in order to focus discussion on emerging regenerative strategies that might address these concerns. These criteria included age (<18 or >55 years old), small defects (<1 cm2), large defects (>8 cm2), multiple defect (>2 lesions), BMI >35, meniscectomy (>50%), bilateral knee pathology, ligamentous instability, arthritis, malalignment, prior repair, kissing lesions, neurologic disease of lower extremities, inflammation, infection, endocrine or metabolic disease, drug or alcohol abuse, pregnancy, and history of cancer. Finally, we describe emerging tissue engineering and regenerative approaches that might foster cartilage repair in these challenging environments. The identified criteria exclude a majority of the affected population from treatment, and thus greater focus must be placed on these emerging cartilage regeneration techniques to treat patients with the challenging “red knee”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Martín
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jay M Patel
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hannah M Zlotnick
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,3Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - James L Carey
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,3Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Pascual-Garrido C, Aisenbrey EA, Rodriguez-Fontan F, Payne KA, Bryant SJ, Goodrich LR. Photopolymerizable Injectable Cartilage Mimetic Hydrogel for the Treatment of Focal Chondral Lesions: A Proof of Concept Study in a Rabbit Animal Model. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:212-221. [PMID: 30481048 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518808012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigate the in vitro and in vivo chondrogenic capacity of a novel photopolymerizable cartilage mimetic hydrogel, enhanced with extracellular matrix analogs, for cartilage regeneration. PURPOSE To (1) determine whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) embedded in a novel cartilage mimetic hydrogel support in vitro chondrogenesis, (2) demonstrate that the proposed hydrogel can be delivered in situ in a critical chondral defect in a rabbit model, and (3) determine whether the hydrogel with or without MSCs supports in vivo chondrogenesis in a critical chondral defect. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs were isolated, expanded, encapsulated in the hydrogel, and cultured in chondrogenic differentiation medium for 9 weeks. Compressive modulus was evaluated at day 1 and at weeks 3, 6, and 9. Chondrogenic differentiation was investigated via quantitative polymerase reaction, safranin-O staining, and immunofluorescence. In vivo, a 3 mm-wide × 2-mm-deep chondral defect was created bilaterally on the knee trochlea of 10 rabbits. Each animal had 1 defect randomly assigned to be treated with hydrogel with or without MSCs, and the contralateral knee was left untreated. Hence, each rabbit served as its own matched control. Three groups were established: group A, hydrogel (n = 5); group B, hydrogel with MSCs (n = 5); and group C, control (n = 10). Repair tissue was evaluated at 6 months after intervention. RESULTS In vitro, chondrogenesis and the degradable behavior of the hydrogel by MSCs were confirmed. In vivo, the hydrogel could be delivered intraoperatively in a sterile manner. Overall, the hydrogel group had the highest scores on the modified O'Driscoll scoring system (group A, 17.4 ± 4.7; group B, 13 ± 3; group C, 16.7 ± 2.9) ( P = .11) and showed higher safranin-O staining (group A, 49.4% ± 20%; group B, 25.8% ± 16.4%; group C, 36.9% ± 25.2%) ( P = .27), although significance was not detected for either parameter. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence of the ability to photopolymerize this novel hydrogel in situ and assess its ability to provide chondrogenic cues for cartilage repair in a small animal model. In vitro chondrogenesis was evident when MSCs were encapsulated in the hydrogel. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cartilage mimetic hydrogel may offer a tissue engineering approach for the treatment of osteochondral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pascual-Garrido
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Aisenbrey
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Karin A Payne
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Orthopaedic Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Asawa RR, Belkowski JC, Schmitt DA, Hernandez EM, Babcock AE, Lochner CK, Baca HN, Rylatt CM, Steffes IS, VanSteenburg JJ, Diaz KE, Doroski DM. Transient cellular adhesion on poly(ethylene-glycol)-dimethacrylate hydrogels facilitates a novel stem cell bandage approach. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202825. [PMID: 30138479 PMCID: PMC6107244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We discovered a transient adhesion property in poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) hydrogels and employed it to develop a novel "stem cell bandage" model of cellular delivery. First, we cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on the surface of PEG-DMA hydrogels with high amounts of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) adhesive peptides (RGD++) or without RGD (RGD-). On day 1, MSCs underwent an initial adhesion to RGD- hydrogels that was not significantly different over 13 days (n = 6). In addition, cells appeared to be well spread by day 3. Significantly fewer cells were present on RGD- hydrogels on day 15 compared to day 9, suggesting that RGD- hydrogels allow for an initial cellular adhesion that is stable for multiple days, but transient over longer periods with a decrease by day 15. This initial adhesion is especially surprising considering that PEG-DMA does not contain any biological adhesion motifs and is almost chemically identical to poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA), which has been shown to be non-adhesive without RGD. We hypothesized that MSCs could be cultured on RGD- PEG-DMA hydrogels and then applied to a wound site to deliver cells in a novel approach that we refer to as a "stem cell bandage". RGD- donor hydrogels were successfully able to deliver MSCs to PEG-DMA acceptor hydrogels with high RGD content (RGD++) or low amounts of RGD (RGD+). Our novel "bandage" approach promoted cell delivery to these model surfaces while preventing cells from diffusing away. This stem cell delivery strategy may provide advantages over more common stem cell delivery approaches such as direct injections or encapsulation and thus may be valuable as an alternative tissue engineering approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita R. Asawa
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Jessica C. Belkowski
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Schmitt
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Hernandez
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Babcock
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Christina K. Lochner
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Holly N. Baca
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Colleen M. Rylatt
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Isaac S. Steffes
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Jace J. VanSteenburg
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Karina E. Diaz
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
| | - Derek M. Doroski
- Department of Biology, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Simulating natural characteristics and aesthetics in reconstructed ears has provided a complex 3-dimensional puzzle for those treating patients with microtia. Costochondral grafts remain the gold standard for autologous reconstruction. However, other options such as Medpor and prosthetics are indicated depending on patient circumstances and personal choice. Research into tissue engineering offers an alternative method to a traditional surgical approach that may reduce donor-site morbidity. However, tissue engineering for microtia reconstruction brings new challenges such as cell sourcing, promotion of chondrogenesis, scaffold vascularization, and prevention of scaffold contraction. Advancements in 3D printing, nanofiber utilization, stem cell technologies, and decellularization techniques have played significant roles in overcoming these challenges. These recent advancements and reports of a successful clinical-scale study in an immunocompetent animal suggest a promising outlook for future clinical application of tissue engineering for auricular reconstruction.
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Yan J, Hu K, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Han L, Pan S, Li L, Wei Y, Cui F. Preparation of recombinant human-like collagen/fibroin scaffold and its promoting effect on vascular cells biocompatibility. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911518769680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel recombinant human-like collagen/fibroin scaffold has been prepared previously, which has high porosity, controllable pore size, and much better mechanical properties than the reported fibroin-based scaffold. In this research, the cell responses of vascular smooth muscle cells to this blend scaffold were examined in vitro. Cell morphology, adherence, and growth in scaffolds were observed by scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy after staining of the cells with propidium iodide at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, respectively. A wide range of measurements, including 3-[4,5–dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrasodium bromide assay, and total intracellular protein content at the end of 7 days culture, were conducted. An increase of viability and protein content of vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in recombinant human-like collagen/fibroin scaffold was found. The laser scanning confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy results confirm that the cells readily adhered and proliferation in the blend than in fibroin scaffold, and indicate a better adhesion process. The positive effects were especially significant for vascular smooth muscle cells. The recombinant human-like collagen/fibroin scaffold could be a promising biomaterial for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Hu
- Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - YongHao Xiao
- Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The First Hospital of Fuzhou Medical Association, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Han
- Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Pan
- Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
| | - LuHai Li
- Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry and Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - FuZhai Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Buwalda SJ, Dijkstra PJ, Feijen J. In situ forming stereocomplexed and post-photocrosslinked acrylated star poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Liu M, Zeng X, Ma C, Yi H, Ali Z, Mou X, Li S, Deng Y, He N. Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering. Bone Res 2017; 5:17014. [PMID: 28584674 PMCID: PMC5448314 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged cartilage and bone tissue. Among the scaffolds for tissue-engineering applications, injectable hydrogels have demonstrated great potential for use as three-dimensional cell culture scaffolds in cartilage and bone tissue engineering, owing to their high water content, similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), porous framework for cell transplantation and proliferation, minimal invasive properties, and ability to match irregular defects. In this review, we describe the selection of appropriate biomaterials and fabrication methods to prepare novel injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering. In addition, the biology of cartilage and the bony ECM is also summarized. Finally, future perspectives for injectable hydrogels in cartilage and bone tissue engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zeeshan Ali
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xianbo Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, PR China
| | - Yan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, PR China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, PR China
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Radhakrishnan J, Subramanian A, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Injectable and 3D Bioprinted Polysaccharide Hydrogels: From Cartilage to Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:1-26. [PMID: 27966916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomechanical performance of functional cartilage is executed by the exclusive anisotropic composition and spatially varying intricate architecture in articulating ends of diarthrodial joint. Osteochondral tissue constituting the articulating ends comprise superfical soft cartilage over hard subchondral bone sandwiching interfacial soft-hard tissue. The shock-absorbent, lubricating property of cartilage and mechanical stability of subchondral bone regions are rendered by extended chemical structure of glycosaminoglycans and mineral deposition, respectively. Extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans analogous polysaccharides are major class of hydrogels investigated for restoration of functional cartilage. Recently, injectable hydrogels have gained momentum as it offers patient compliance, tunable mechanical properties, cell deliverability, and facile administration at physiological condition with long-term functionality and hyaline cartilage construction. Interestingly, facile modifiable functional groups in carbohydrate polymers impart tailorability of desired physicochemical properties and versatile injectable chemistry for the development of highly potent biomimetic in situ forming scaffold. The scaffold design strategies have also evolved from single component to bi- or multilayered and graded constructs with osteogenic properties for deep subchondral regeneration. This review highlights the significance of polysaccharide structure-based functions in engineering cartilage tissue, injectable chemistries, strategies for combining analogous matrices with cells/stem cells and biomolecules and multicomponent approaches for osteochondral mimetic constructs. Further, the rheology and precise spatiotemporal positioning of cells in hydrogel bioink for rapid prototyping of complex three-dimensional anisotropic cartilage have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
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Meppelink AM, Zhao X, Griffin DJ, Erali R, Gill TJ, Bonassar LJ, Redmond RW, Randolph MA. Hyaline Articular Matrix Formed by Dynamic Self-Regenerating Cartilage and Hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:962-70. [PMID: 27324118 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries to the articular cartilage surface are challenging to repair because cartilage possesses a limited capacity for self-repair. The outcomes of current clinical procedures aimed to address these injuries are inconsistent and unsatisfactory. We have developed a novel method for generating hyaline articular cartilage to improve the outcome of joint surface repair. A suspension of 10(7) swine chondrocytes was cultured under reciprocating motion for 14 days. The resulting dynamic self-regenerating cartilage (dSRC) was placed in a cartilage ring and capped with fibrin and collagen gel. A control group consisted of chondrocytes encapsulated in fibrin gel. Constructs were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice and harvested after 6 weeks. Gross, histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and biomechanical analyses were performed. In swine patellar groove, dSRC was implanted into osteochondral defects capped with collagen gel and compared to defects filled with osteochondral plugs, collagen gel, or left empty after 6 weeks. In mice, the fibrin- and collagen-capped dSRC constructs showed enhanced contiguous cartilage matrix formation over the control of cells encapsulated in fibrin gel. Biochemically, the fibrin and collagen gel dSRC groups were statistically improved in glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline content compared to the control. There was no statistical difference in the biomechanical data between the dSRC groups and the control. The swine model also showed contiguous cartilage matrix in the dSRC group but not in the collagen gel and empty defects. These data demonstrate the survivability and successful matrix formation of dSRC under the mechanical forces experienced by normal hyaline cartilage in the knee joint. The results from this study demonstrate that dSRC capped with hydrogels successfully engineers contiguous articular cartilage matrix in both nonload-bearing and load-bearing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Meppelink
- 1 Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xing Zhao
- 1 Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Darvin J Griffin
- 2 Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Richard Erali
- 3 Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas J Gill
- 4 Boston Sports Medicine and Research Institute , Dedham, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- 2 Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Robert W Redmond
- 5 Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark A Randolph
- 3 Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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Wang J, Yang Q, Cheng N, Tao X, Zhang Z, Sun X, Zhang Q. Collagen/silk fibroin composite scaffold incorporated with PLGA microsphere for cartilage repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:705-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Conditions for seeding and promoting neo-auricular cartilage formation in a fibrous collagen scaffold. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:382-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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18
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Liu C, Liu Y, Xu XX, Wu H, Xie HG, Chen L, Lu T, Yang L, Guo X, Sun GW, Wang W, Ma XJ, He X. Potential effect of matrix stiffness on the enrichment of tumor initiating cells under three-dimensional culture conditions. Exp Cell Res 2014; 330:123-34. [PMID: 25108138 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cell (CSC) or tumor initiating cell (TIC) plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Biophysical forces in tumor microenvironment have an important effect on tumor formation and development. In this study, the potential effect of matrix stiffness on the biological characteristics of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) TICs, especially the enrichment of HNSCC TICs, was investigated under three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions by means of alginate gel (ALG) beads with different matrix stiffnesses. ALG beads with soft (21 kPa), moderate (70 kPa) and hard (105 kPa) stiffness were generated by changing alginate concentration. It was found that significant HNSCC TIC enrichment was achieved in the ALG beads with moderate matrix stiffness (70 kPa). The gene expression of stemness markers Oct3/4 and Nanog, TIC markers CD44 and ABCG2 was enhanced in cells under this moderate (70 kPa) stiffness. HNSCC TIC proportion was also highly enriched under moderate matrix stiffness, accompanying with higher tumorigenicity, metastatic ability and drug resistance. And it was also found that the possible molecular mechanism underlying the regulated TIC properties by matrix stiffness under 3D culture conditions was significantly different from 2D culture condition. Therefore, the results achieved in this study indicated that 3D biophysical microenvironment had an important effect on TIC characteristics and alginate-based biomimetic scaffolds could be utilized as a proper platform to investigate the interaction between tumor cells and 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiao-xi Xu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-guo Xie
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Yang
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guang-wei Sun
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiao-jun Ma
- Laboratory of Biomedical Material Engineering, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xin He
- Chemistry Department, College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, 9 West section, Lvshun south road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Sharma S, Srivastava D, Grover S, Sharma V. Biomaterials in tooth tissue engineering: a review. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:309-15. [PMID: 24596804 PMCID: PMC3939572 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7609.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials play a crucial role in the field of tissue engineering. They are utilized for fabricating frameworks known as scaffolds, matrices or constructs which are interconnected porous structures that establish a cellular microenvironment required for optimal tissue regeneration. Several natural and synthetic biomaterials have been utilized for fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds. Amongst different biomaterials, polymers are the most extensively experimented and employed materials. They can be tailored to provide good interconnected porosity, large surface area, adequate mechanical strengths, varying surface characterization and different geometries required for tissue regeneration. A single type of material may however not meet all the requirements. Selection of two or more biomaterials, optimization of their physical, chemical and mechanical properties and advanced fabrication techniques are required to obtain scaffold designs intended for their final application. Current focus is aimed at designing biomaterials such that they will replicate the local extra cellular environment of the native organ and enable cell-cell and cell-scaffold interactions at micro level required for functional tissue regeneration. This article provides an insight into the different biomaterials available and the emerging use of nano engineering principles for the construction of bioactive scaffolds in tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarang Sharma
- Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Rohini, Delhi-85, India
| | - Dhirendra Srivastava
- Professor, Department of Oral Surgery, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Rohini, Delhi-85, India
| | - Shibani Grover
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Rohini, Delhi-85, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Rohini, Delhi-85, India
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20
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Yang X, Sarvestani SK, Moeinzadeh S, He X, Jabbari E. Three-dimensional-engineered matrix to study cancer stem cells and tumorsphere formation: effect of matrix modulus. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:669-84. [PMID: 23013450 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is regulated by the tumor microenvironment. Synthetic hydrogels provide the flexibility to design three-dimensional (3D) matrices to isolate and study individual factors in the tumor microenvironment. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of matrix modulus on tumorsphere formation by breast cancer cells and maintenance of CSCs in an inert microenvironment without the interference of other factors. In that regard, 4T1 mouse breast cancer cells were encapsulated in inert polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogels and the effect of matrix modulus on tumorsphere formation and expression of CSC markers was investigated. The gel modulus had a strong effect on tumorsphere formation and the effect was bimodal. Tumorsphere formation and expression of CSC markers peaked after 8 days of culture. At day 8, as the matrix modulus was increased from 2.5 kPa to 5.3, 26.1, and 47.1 kPa, the average tumorsphere size changed from 37±6 μm to 57±6, 20±4, and 12±2 μm, respectively; cell number density in the gel changed from 0.8±0.1×10⁵ cells/mL to 1.7±0.2×10⁵, 0.4±0.1×10⁵, and 0.2±0.1×10⁵ cells/mL after initial encapsulation of 0.14×10⁵ cells/mL; and the expression of CD44 breast CSC marker changed from 17±4-fold to 38±9-, 3±1-, and 2±1-fold increase compared with the initial level. Similar results were obtained with MCF7 human breast carcinoma cells. Mouse 4T1 and human MCF7 cells encapsulated in the gel with 5.3 kPa modulus formed the largest tumorspheres and highest density of tumorspheres, and had highest expression of breast CSC markers CD44 and ABCG2. The inert polyethylene glycol hydrogel can be used as a model-engineered 3D matrix to study the role of individual factors in the tumor microenvironment on tumorigenesis and maintenance of CSCs without the interference of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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21
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Dua R, Ramaswamy S. Relative survivability of human osteoblasts is enhanced by 39 °C and ascorbic acid after exposure to photopolymerization ingredients. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:587-96. [PMID: 23117200 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9512-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Photopolymerizable hydrogels offer great potential in cartilage tissue engineering due to their ability to conform to irregular defect shapes and be applied in a potentially minimally invasive manner. An important process requirement in the use of photopolymerizable hydrogels is the ability of the suspended cells to withstand low intensity ultraviolet light (UV) exposure (4-5 mW/cm(2)) and photoinitiator concentrations. For cartilage integration with underlying subchondral bone tissue, robust localized osteoblast activity is necessary. Yet, while it is known that osteoblasts do not respond well to UV light, limited work has been conducted to improve their survivability. In this study, we evaluated the cellular cytotoxicity of five different human cell sources at different UV exposure times, with and without a commercially used photoinitiator. We were able to confirm that human osteoblasts were the least tolerant to varying UV exposure times in comparison to bone marrow stem cell, periodontal ligament cell, smooth muscle and endothelial cell lineages. Moreover osteoblasts cultured at 39 °C did not deteriorate in terms of alkaline phosphatase expression or calcium deposition within the extracellular matrix (ECM), but did reduce cell proliferation. We believe however that the lower proliferation diminished osteoblast sensitivity to UV and the photoinitiator. In fact, the relative survivability of osteoblasts was found to be augmented by the combination of a biochemical factor and an elevated incubation temperature; specifically, the use of 50 mg/l of the anti-oxidant, ascorbic acid significantly (P < 0.05) increased the survivability of osteoblasts when cultured at 39 °C. We conclude that ascorbic acid at an incubation temperature of 39 °C can be included in in vitro protocols used to assess cartilage integration with bone ECM. Such inclusion will enhance conditions of the engineered tissue model system in recapitulating in vivo osteoblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Dua
- Tissue Engineered Mechanics, Imaging and Materials Laboratory (TEMIM Lab), Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, 10555 W. Flagler Street, EC 2612, Miami, FL, 33174, USA
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22
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Lin G, Tarasevich B. Photopolymerized hydrogel composites from poly(ethylene glycol) and hydroxyapatite for controlled protein deliveryin vitro. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yuan Z, Nie H, Wang S, Lee CH, Li A, Fu SY, Zhou H, Chen L, Mao JJ. Biomaterial selection for tooth regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 17:373-88. [PMID: 21699433 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are native or synthetic polymers that act as carriers for drug delivery or scaffolds for tissue regeneration. When implanted in vivo, biomaterials should be nontoxic and exert intended functions. For tooth regeneration, biomaterials have primarily served as a scaffold for (1) transplanted stem cells and/or (2) recruitment of endogenous stem cells. This article critically synthesizes our knowledge of biomaterial use in tooth regeneration, including the selection of native and/or synthetic polymers, three-dimensional scaffold fabrication, stem cell transplantation, and stem cell homing. A tooth is a complex biological organ. Tooth loss represents the most common organ failure. Tooth regeneration encompasses not only regrowth of an entire tooth as an organ, but also biological restoration of individual components of the tooth including enamel, dentin, cementum, or dental pulp. Regeneration of tooth root represents perhaps more near-term opportunities than the regeneration of the whole tooth. In the adult, a tooth owes its biological vitality, arguably more, to the root than the crown. Biomaterials are indispensible for the regeneration of tooth root, tooth crown, dental pulp, or an entire tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Ulery BD, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART B, POLYMER PHYSICS 2011; 49:832-864. [PMID: 21769165 PMCID: PMC3136871 DOI: 10.1002/polb.22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1169] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of polymers as biomaterials has greatly impacted the advancement of modern medicine. Specifically, polymeric biomaterials that are biodegradable provide the significant advantage of being able to be broken down and removed after they have served their function. Applications are wide ranging with degradable polymers being used clinically as surgical sutures and implants. In order to fit functional demand, materials with desired physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical and degradation properties must be selected. Fortunately, a wide range of natural and synthetic degradable polymers has been investigated for biomedical applications with novel materials constantly being developed to meet new challenges. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field over the past 4 years, specifically highlighting new and interesting discoveries in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret D. Ulery
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
| | - Lakshmi S. Nair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New England Musculoskeletal Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Institute of Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030
- Department of Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
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