1
|
Torres Y, Gluais M, Da Silva N, Rey S, Grémare A, Magnan L, Kawecki F, L’Heureux N. Cell-assembled extracellular matrix (CAM) sheet production: Translation from using human to large animal cells. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420978327. [PMID: 33633827 PMCID: PMC7887678 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420978327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have created entirely biological tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) using sheets of cell-assembled extracellular matrix (CAM) produced by human fibroblasts in vitro. A large animal TEVG would allow long-term pre-clinical studies in a clinically relevant setting (graft size and allogeneic setting). Therefore, canine, porcine, ovine, and human skin fibroblasts were compared for their ability to form CAM sheets. Serum sourcing greatly influenced CAM production in a species-dependent manner. Ovine cells produced the most homogenous and strongest animal CAM sheets but remained ≈3-fold weaker than human sheets despite variations of serum, ascorbate, insulin, or growth factor supplementations. Key differences in cell growth dynamics, tissue development, and tissue architecture and composition were observed between human and ovine. This study demonstrates critical species-to-species differences in fibroblast behavior and how they pose a challenge when attempting to substitute animal cells for human cells during the development of tissue-engineered constructs that require long-term cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Torres
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maude Gluais
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Sylvie Rey
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Agathe Grémare
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Services d’Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laure Magnan
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabien Kawecki
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BIOTIS, Bordeaux, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The field of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine has evolved rapidly over the past thirty years. This review will summarize its history, current status and direction through the lens of clinical need, its progress through science in the laboratory and application back into patients. We can take pride in the fact that much effort and progress began with the surgical problems of children and that many surgeons in the pediatric surgical specialties have become pioneers and investigators in this new field of science, engineering, and medicine. Although the field has yet to fulfill its great promise, there have been several examples where a therapy has progressed from the first idea to human application within a short span of time and, in many cases, it has been applied in the surgical care of children.
Collapse
|
3
|
Obiweluozor FO, Emechebe GA, Kim DW, Cho HJ, Park CH, Kim CS, Jeong IS. Considerations in the Development of Small-Diameter Vascular Graft as an Alternative for Bypass and Reconstructive Surgeries: A Review. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2020; 11:495-521. [PMID: 32812139 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-020-00482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current design strategies for small diameter vascular grafts (< 6 mm internal diameter; ID) are focused on mimicking native vascular tissue because the commercially available grafts still fail at small diameters, notably due to development of intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. To overcome these challenges, various design approaches, material selection, and surface modification strategies have been employed to improve the patency of small-diameter grafts. REVIEW The purpose of this review is to outline various considerations in the development of small-diameter vascular grafts, including material choice, surface modifications to enhance biocompatibility/endothelialization, and mechanical properties of the graft, that are currently being implanted. Additionally, we have taken into account the general vascular physiology, tissue engineering approaches, and collective achievements of the authors in this area. We reviewed both commercially available synthetic grafts (e-PTFE and PET), elastic polymers such as polyurethane and biodegradable and bioresorbable materials. We included naturally occurring materials by focusing on their potential application in the development of future vascular alternatives. CONCLUSION Until now, there are few comprehensive reviews regarding considerations in the design of small-diameter vascular grafts in the literature. Here-in, we have discussed in-depth the various strategies employed to generate engineered vascular graft due to their high demand for vascular surgeries. While some TEVG design strategies have shown greater potential in contrast to autologous or synthetic ePTFE conduits, many are still hindered by high production cost which prevents their widespread adoption. Nonetheless, as tissue engineers continue to develop on their strategies and procedures for improved TEVGs, soon, a reliable engineered graft will be available in the market. Hence, we anticipate a viable TEVG with resorbable property, fabricated via electrospinning approach to hold a greater potential that can overcome the challenges observed in both autologous and allogenic grafts. This is because they can be mechanically tuned, incorporated/surface-functionalized with bioactive molecules and mass-manufactured in a reproducible manner. It is also found that most of the success in engineered vascular graft approaching commercialization is for large vessels rather than small-diameter grafts used as cardiovascular bypass grafts. Consequently, the field of vascular engineering is still available for future innovators that can take up the challenge to create a functional arterial substitute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Obiweluozor
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gladys A Emechebe
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Wan Kim
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jin Cho
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Sang Kim
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju City, Republic of Korea
| | - In Seok Jeong
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, 42 Jebong-Ro Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Engineering Tissues without the Use of a Synthetic Scaffold: A Twenty-Year History of the Self-Assembly Method. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5684679. [PMID: 29707571 PMCID: PMC5863296 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5684679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Twenty years ago, Dr. François A. Auger, the founder of the Laboratory of Experimental Organogenesis (LOEX), introduced the self-assembly technique. This innovative technique relies on the ability of dermal fibroblasts to produce and assemble their own extracellular matrix, differing from all other tissue-engineering techniques that use preformed synthetic scaffolds. Nevertheless, the use of the self-assembly technique was limited for a long time due to its main drawbacks: time and cost. Recent scientific breakthroughs have addressed these limitations. New protocol modifications that aim at increasing the rate of extracellular matrix formation have been proposed to reduce the production costs and laboratory handling time of engineered tissues. Moreover, the introduction of vascularization strategies in vitro permits the formation of capillary-like networks within reconstructed tissues. These optimization strategies enable the large-scale production of inexpensive native-like substitutes using the self-assembly technique. These substitutes can be used to reconstruct three-dimensional models free of exogenous materials for clinical and fundamental applications.
Collapse
|
5
|
Connizzo BK, Adams SM, Adams TH, Birk DE, Soslowsky LJ. Collagen V expression is crucial in regional development of the supraspinatus tendon. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:2154-2161. [PMID: 28005290 PMCID: PMC5189919 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Manipulations in cell culture and mouse models have demonstrated that reduction of collagen V results in altered fibril structure and matrix assembly. A tissue-dependent role for collagen V in determining mechanical function was recently established, but its role in determining regional properties has not been addressed. The objective of this study was to define the role(s) of collagen V expression in establishing the site-specific properties of the supraspinatus tendon. The insertion and midsubstance of tendons from wild type, heterozygous and tendon/ligament-specific null mice were assessed for crimp morphology, fibril morphology, cell morphology, as well as total collagen and pyridinoline cross-link (PYD) content. Fibril morphology was altered at the midsubstance of both groups with larger, but fewer, fibrils and no change in cell morphology or collagen compared to the wild type controls. In contrast, a significant disruption of fibril assembly was observed at the insertion site of the null group with the presence of structurally aberrant fibrils. Alterations were also present in cell density and PYD content. Altogether, these results demonstrate that collagen V plays a crucial role in determining region-specific differences in mouse supraspinatus tendon structure. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2154-2161, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K. Connizzo
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6081
| | - Sheila M. Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Thomas H. Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - David E. Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Louis J. Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6081
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Connizzo BK, Adams SM, Adams TH, Jawad AF, Birk DE, Soslowsky LJ. Multiscale regression modeling in mouse supraspinatus tendons reveals that dynamic processes act as mediators in structure-function relationships. J Biomech 2016; 49:1649-1657. [PMID: 27067362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in technology have allowed for the measurement of dynamic processes (re-alignment, crimp, deformation, sliding), but only a limited number of studies have investigated their relationship with mechanical properties. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the role of composition, structure, and the dynamic response to load in predicting tendon mechanical properties in a multi-level fashion mimicking native hierarchical collagen structure. Multiple linear regression models were investigated to determine the relationships between composition/structure, dynamic processes, and mechanical properties. Mediation was then used to determine if dynamic processes mediated structure-function relationships. Dynamic processes were strong predictors of mechanical properties. These predictions were location-dependent, with the insertion site utilizing all four dynamic responses and the midsubstance responding primarily with fibril deformation and sliding. In addition, dynamic processes were moderately predicted by composition and structure in a regionally-dependent manner. Finally, dynamic processes were partial mediators of the relationship between composition/structure and mechanical function, and results suggested that mediation is likely shared between multiple dynamic processes. In conclusion, the mechanical properties at the midsubstance of the tendon are controlled primarily by fibril structure and this region responds to load via fibril deformation and sliding. Conversely, the mechanical function at the insertion site is controlled by many other important parameters and the region responds to load via all four dynamic mechanisms. Overall, this study presents a strong foundation on which to design future experimental and modeling efforts in order to fully understand the complex structure-function relationships present in tendon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianne K Connizzo
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, United States
| | - Sheila M Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Thomas H Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Abbas F Jawad
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Louis J Soslowsky
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pashneh-Tala S, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. The Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft-Past, Present, and Future. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 22:68-100. [PMID: 26447530 PMCID: PMC4753638 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with this trend predicted to continue for the foreseeable future. Common disorders are associated with the stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels. The preferred treatment for the long-term revascularization of occluded vessels is surgery utilizing vascular grafts, such as coronary artery bypass grafting and peripheral artery bypass grafting. Currently, autologous vessels such as the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery represent the gold standard grafts for small-diameter vessels (<6 mm), outperforming synthetic alternatives. However, these vessels are of limited availability, require invasive harvest, and are often unsuitable for use. To address this, the development of a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) has been rigorously pursued. This article reviews the current state of the art of TEVGs. The various approaches being explored to generate TEVGs are described, including scaffold-based methods (using synthetic and natural polymers), the use of decellularized natural matrices, and tissue self-assembly processes, with the results of various in vivo studies, including clinical trials, highlighted. A discussion of the key areas for further investigation, including graft cell source, mechanical properties, hemodynamics, integration, and assessment in animal models, is then presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samand Pashneh-Tala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hald ES, Steucke KE, Reeves JA, Win Z, Alford PW. Long-term vascular contractility assay using genipin-modified muscular thin films. Biofabrication 2014; 6:045005. [PMID: 25245868 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/4/045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disease is a leading cause of death globally and typically manifests chronically due to long-term maladaptive arterial growth and remodeling. To date, there is no in vitro technique for studying vascular function over relevant disease time courses that both mimics in vivo-like tissue structure and provides a simple readout of tissue stress. We aimed to extend tissue viability in our muscular thin film contractility assay by modifying the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with micropatterned genipin, allowing extracellular matrix turnover without cell loss. To achieve this, we developed a microfluidic delivery system to pattern genipin and extracellular matrix proteins on PDMS prior to cell seeding. Tissues constructed using this method showed improved viability and maintenance of in vivo-like lamellar structure. Functional contractility of tissues fabricated on genipin-modified substrates remained consistent throughout two weeks in culture. These results suggest that muscular thin films with genipin-modified PDMS substrates are a viable method for conducting functional studies of arterial growth and remodeling in vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Hald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Syedain ZH, Meier LA, Lahti MT, Johnson SL, Tranquillo RT. Implantation of completely biological engineered grafts following decellularization into the sheep femoral artery. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:1726-34. [PMID: 24417686 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of completely biological, decellularized engineered allografts in a sheep model was evaluated to establish clinical potential of these unique arterial allografts. The 4-mm-diameter, 2-3-cm-long grafts were fabricated from fibrin gel remodeled into an aligned tissue tube in vitro by ovine dermal fibroblasts. Decellularization and subsequent storage had little effect on graft properties, with burst pressure exceeding 4000 mmHg and the same compliance as the ovine femoral artery. Grafts were implanted interpositionally in the femoral artery of six sheep (n=9), with contralateral sham controls (n=3). At 8 weeks (n=5) and 24 weeks (n=4), all grafts were patent and showed no evidence of dilatation or mineralization. Mid-graft lumen diameter was unchanged. Extensive recellularization occurred, with most cells expressing αSMA. Endothelialization was complete by 24 weeks with elastin deposition evident. These completely biological grafts possessed circumferential alignment/mechanical anisotropy characteristic of native arteries and were cultured only 5 weeks prior to decellularization and storage as "off-the-shelf" grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan H Syedain
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spoon DB, Tefft BJ, Lerman A, Simari RD. Challenges of biological valve development. Interv Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
11
|
Ehsan SM, George SC. Nonsteady state oxygen transport in engineered tissue: implications for design. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1433-42. [PMID: 23350630 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered tissue constructs are limited in size, and thus clinical relevance, when diffusion is the primary mode of oxygen transport. Understanding the extent of oxygen diffusion and cellular consumption is necessary for the design of engineered tissues, particularly those intended for implantation into hypoxic wound sites. This study presents a combined experimental and computation model to predict design constraints for cellularized fibrin tissues subjected to a step change in the oxygen concentration to simulate transplantation. Nonsteady state analysis of oxygen diffusion and consumption was used to estimate the diffusion coefficient of oxygen (mean±SD, 1.7×10(-9)±8.4×10(-11) m(2)/s) in fibrin hydrogels as well as the Michaelis-Menten parameters, Vmax (1.3×10(-17)±9.2×10(-19) mol·cell(-1)·s(-1)), and Km (8.0×10(-3)±3.5×0(-3) mol/m(3)), of normal human lung fibroblasts. Nondimensionalization of the governing diffusion-reaction equation enabled the creation of a single dimensionless parameter, the Thiele modulus (φ), which encompasses the combined effects of oxygen diffusion, consumption, and tissue dimensions. Tissue thickness is the design parameter with the most pronounced influence on the distribution of oxygen within the system. Additionally, tissues designed such that φ<1 achieve a near spatially uniform and adequate oxygen concentration following the step change. Understanding and optimizing the Thiele modulus will improve the design of engineered tissue implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema M Ehsan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2715, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vascular tissue engineering: the next generation. Trends Mol Med 2012; 18:394-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|