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Local administration of HMGB-1 promotes bone regeneration on the critical-sized mandibular defects in rabbits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8950. [PMID: 33903607 PMCID: PMC8076241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of a critical-sized osseous defect is challenging in maxillofacial surgery. Despite novel treatments and advances in supportive therapies, severe complications including infection, nonunion, and malunion can still occur. Here, we aimed to assess the use of a beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold loaded with high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) as a novel critical-sized bone defect treatment in rabbits. The study was performed on 15 specific pathogen-free New Zealand rabbits divided into three groups: Group A had an osseous defect filled with a β-TCP scaffold loaded with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (100 µL/scaffold), the defect in group B was filled with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) (10 µg/100 µL), and the defect in group C was loaded with HMGB-1 (10 µg/100 µL). Micro-computed tomography (CT) examination demonstrated that group C (HMGB-1) showed the highest new bone volume ratio, with a mean value of 66.5%, followed by the group B (rhBMP-2) (31.0%), and group A (Control) (7.1%). Histological examination of the HMGB-1 treated group showed a vast area covered by lamellar and woven bone surrounding the β-TCP granule remnants. These results suggest that HMGB-1 could be an effective alternative molecule for bone regeneration in critical-sized mandibular bone defects.
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2
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Al-Shabrawey M, Hussein K, Wang F, Wan M, Elmasry K, Elsherbiny N, Saleh H, Yu PB, Tawfik A, Ibrahim AS. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Induces Non-Canonical Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways in Human Retinal Endothelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:568795. [PMID: 33584642 PMCID: PMC7878387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy (DR), are not yet fully understood. We previously demonstrated an upregulation of retinal bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in experimental diabetes and in retinas of diabetic human subjects. The purpose of current study was to investigate the role of non-canonical inflammatory pathway in BMP2-induced retinal endothelial cell (REC) barrier dysfunction. For this purpose, we used RT-PCR and western blotting to evaluate the levels of BMP2 signaling components (BMP2, BMP4, BMP receptors), VEGF, phosphorylated p38 MAPK and NFκB, and oxidative stress markers in cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) subjected to BMP2 (50ng/ml) for up to 24 h. Also, effect of high glucose (HG, 30mM D-glucose) on the expression of BMP2 and its downstream genes was examined in HRECs. H2-DCF is a fluorogenic dye that measures the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was used to measure the pro-oxidative effect of BMP2. Moreover, we evaluated the effect of inhibiting p38 and VEGF signaling on BMP2-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction by measuring the trans-endothelial cell electrical resistance (TER) using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). We also tested the effect of HG on the integrity of HRECs barrier in the presence or absence of inhibitors of BMP2 signaling. Our data reveals that BMP2 and high glucose upregulates BMP components of the BMP signaling pathway (SMAD effectors, BMP receptors, and TGFβ ligand itself) and induces phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and NFκB with nuclear translocation of NFκB. Inhibition of p38 or NFκB attenuated BMP2-induced VEGF expression and barrier dysfunction in HRECs. Also, inhibition of VEGFR2 attenuated BMP2-induced barrier dysfunction. Moreover, BMP2 induces generation of ROS and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activity in HRECs. Finally, HG upregulated BMP2 and its downstream genes (SMAD, BMP4, ALKs, and TGF-β) in HRECs and BMP2 inhibitors attenuated HG-induced HRECs barrier dysfunction. Our results suggest that in addition to the regular canonical SMAD signaling BMP2 induces non-canonical inflammatory pathway in HRECs via activation of p38/NFκB pathway that causes the upregulation of VEGF and the disruption of HRECs. Inhibition of BMP2 signaling is a potential therapeutic intervention to preserve endothelial cell barrier function in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Hussein
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Oral and Dental Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Wan
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Khaled Elmasry
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Heba Saleh
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amany Tawfik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual, and Anatomical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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3
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Taguchi T, Lopez MJ. An overview of de novo bone generation in animal models. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:7-21. [PMID: 32910496 PMCID: PMC7820991 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Some of the earliest success in de novo tissue generation was in bone tissue, and advances, facilitated by the use of endogenous and exogenous progenitor cells, continue unabated. The concept of one health promotes shared discoveries among medical disciplines to overcome health challenges that afflict numerous species. Carefully selected animal models are vital to development and translation of targeted therapies that improve the health and well-being of humans and animals alike. While inherent differences among species limit direct translation of scientific knowledge between them, rapid progress in ex vivo and in vivo de novo tissue generation is propelling revolutionary innovation to reality among all musculoskeletal specialties. This review contains a comparison of bone deposition among species and descriptions of animal models of bone restoration designed to replicate a multitude of bone injuries and pathology, including impaired osteogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Taguchi
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Mandi J. Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
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Carlisle P, Marrs J, Gaviria L, Silliman DT, Decker JF, Brown Baer P, Guda T. Quantifying Vascular Changes Surrounding Bone Regeneration in a Porcine Mandibular Defect Using Computed Tomography. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:721-731. [PMID: 31850839 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2019.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical process essential for optimal bone healing. Several in vitro and in vivo systems have been previously used to elucidate some of the mechanisms involved in the process of angiogenesis, and at the same time, to test potential therapeutic agents and bioactive factors that play important roles in neovascularization. Computed tomography (CT) is a noninvasive imaging technique that has recently allowed investigators to obtain a diverse range of high-resolution, three-dimensional characterization of structures, such as bone formation within bony defects. Unfortunately, to date, angiogenesis evaluation relies primarily on histology, or ex vivo imaging and few studies have utilized CT to qualitatively and quantitatively study the vascular response during bone repair. In the current study a clinical CT-based technique was used to evaluate the effects of rhBMP-2 eluting graft treatment on soft tissue vascular architecture surrounding a large segmental bone defect model in the minipig mandible. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of contrast-enhanced, clinical 64-slice CT technology in extracting quantitative metrics of vascular architecture over a 12-week period. The results of this study show that the presence of rhBMP-2 had a positive effect on vessel volume from 4 to 12 weeks, which was explained by a concurrent increase in vessel number, which was also significantly higher at 4 weeks for the rhBMP-2 treatment. More importantly, analysis of vessel architecture showed no changes throughout the duration of the study, indicating therapeutic safety. This study validates CT analysis as a relevant imaging method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of morphological characteristics of vascular tissue around a bone healing site. Also important, the study shows that CT technology can be used in large animal models and potentially be translated into clinical models for the development of improved methods to evaluate tissue healing and vascular adaptation processes over the course of therapy. This methodology has demonstrated sensitivity to tracking spatial and temporal changes in vascularization and has the potential to be applied to studying changes in other high-contrast tissues as well. Impact Statement Tissue engineering solutions depend on the surrounding tissue response to support regeneration. The inflammatory environment and surrounding vascular supply are critical to determining if therapies will survive, engraftment occurs, and native physiology is restored. This study for the first time evaluates the blood vessel network changes in surrounding soft tissue to a bone defect site in a large animal model, using clinically available computed tomography tools and model changes in vessel number, size, and architecture. While this study focuses on rhBMP2 delivery impacting surrounding vasculature, this validated method can be extended to studying the vascular network changes in other tissues as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Carlisle
- Dental Trauma and Research Detachment, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas.,Prytime Medical Devices, Inc., Boerne, Texas
| | - Jeffrey Marrs
- Dental Trauma and Research Detachment, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas.,School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Laura Gaviria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas
| | - David T Silliman
- Dental Trauma and Research Detachment, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - John F Decker
- Dental Trauma and Research Detachment, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pamela Brown Baer
- Dental Trauma and Research Detachment, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas.,Clinical Operations and New Product Commercialization, GenCure, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Teja Guda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas
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5
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Basyuni S, Ferro A, Santhanam V, Birch M, McCaskie A. Systematic scoping review of mandibular bone tissue engineering. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:632-642. [PMID: 32247521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising alternative that may facilitate bony regeneration in small defects in compromised host tissue as well as large mandibular defects. This scoping systematic review was therefore designed to assess in vivo research on its use in the reconstruction of mandibular defects in animal models. A total of 4524 articles were initially retrieved using the search algorithm. After screening of the titles and abstracts, 269 full texts were retrieved, and a total of 72 studies included. Just two of the included studies employed osteonecrosis as the model of mandibular injury. All the rest involved the creation of a critical defect. Calcium phosphates, especially tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, were the scaffolds most widely used. All the studies that used a scaffold reported increased formation of bone when compared with negative controls. When combined with scaffolds, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) increased the formation of new bone and improved healing. Various growth factors have been studied for their potential use in the regeneration of the maxillofacial complex. Bone morphogenic proteins (BMP) were the most popular, and all subtypes promoted significant formation of bone compared with controls. Whilst the studies published to date suggest a promising future, our review has shown that several shortfalls must be addressed before the findings can be translated into clinical practice. A greater understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms is required to identify the optimal combination of components that are needed for predictable and feasible reconstruction or regeneration of mandibular bone. In particular, a greater understanding of the biological aspects of the regenerative triad is needed before we can to work towards widespread translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Basyuni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - A Ferro
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - V Santhanam
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - M Birch
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - A McCaskie
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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6
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Nonvascularized Bone Graft Reconstruction of the Irradiated Murine Mandible: An Analogue of Clinical Head and Neck Cancer Treatment. J Craniofac Surg 2019; 30:611-617. [PMID: 30531286 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonvascularized bone grafts (NBGs) represent a practical method of mandibular reconstruction that is precluded in head and neck cancer patients by the destructive effects of radiotherapy. Advances in tissue-engineering may restore NBGs as a viable surgical technique, but expeditious translation demands a small-animal model that approximates clinical practice. This study establishes a murine model of irradiated mandibular reconstruction using a segmental iliac crest NBG for the investigation of imperative bone healing strategies. Twenty-seven male isogenic Lewis rats were divided into 2 groups; control bone graft and irradiated bone graft (XBG). Additional Lewis rats served as graft donors. The XBG group was administered a fractionated dose of 35Gy. All rats underwent reconstruction of a segmental, critical-sized defect of the left hemi-mandible with a 5 mm NBG from the iliac crest, secured by a custom radiolucent plate. Following a 60-day recovery period, hemi-mandibles were evaluated for bony union, bone mineralization, and biomechanical strength (P < 0.05). Bony union rates were significantly reduced in the XBG group (42%) compared with controls (80%). Mandibles in the XBG group further demonstrated substantial radiation injury through significant reductions in all metrics of bone mineralization and biomechanical strength. These observations are consistent with the clinical sequelae of radiotherapy that limit NBGs to nonirradiated patients. This investigation provides a clinically relevant, quantitative model in which innovations in tissue engineering may be evaluated in the setting of radiotherapy to ultimately provide the advantages of NBGs to head and neck cancer patients and reconstructive surgeons.
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7
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Grey ZJ, Howie RN, Durham EL, Hall SR, Helke KL, Steed MB, LaRue AC, Muise-Helmericks RC, Cray JJ. Sub-clinical dose of bone morphogenetic protein-2 does not precipitate rampant, sustained inflammatory response in bone wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:335-344. [PMID: 30805987 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Large bone injuries, defects, and chronic wounds present a major problem for medicine. Several therapeutic strategies are used clinically to precipitate bone including a combination therapy delivering osteoinductive bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) via an osteoconductive scaffold (absorbable collagen sponge [ACS], i.e., INFUSE). Adverse side effects reportedly associated with rhBMP2 administration include rampant inflammation and clinical failures. Although acute inflammation is necessary for proper healing in bone, inflammatory cascade dysregulation can result in sustained tissue damage and poor healing. We hypothesized that a subclinical dose of rhBMP2 modeled in the murine calvarial defect would not precipitate alterations to inflammatory markers during acute phases of bone wound healing. We utilized the 5 mm critical size calvarial defect in C57BL6 wild-type mice which were subsequently treated with ACS and a subclinical dose of rhBMP2 shown to be optimal for healing. Three and 7-day postoperative time points were used to assess the role that rhBMP-2 plays in modulating inflammation vs. ACS alone by cytokine array and histological interrogation. Data revealed that rhBMP-2 delivery resulted in substantial modulation of several markers associated with inflammation, most of which decreased to levels similar to control by the 7-day time point. Additionally, while rhBMP-2 administration increased macrophage response, this peptide had a little noticeable effect on traditional markers of macrophage polarization (M1-iNOS, M2-Arg1). These results suggest that rhBMP-2 delivered at a lower dose does not precipitate rampant inflammation. Thus, an assessment of dosing for rhBMP-2 therapies may lead to better healing outcomes and less surgical failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Grey
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - R Nicole Howie
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Emily L Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Sarah Rose Hall
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Division of Lab Animal Resources 30 Courtenay Drive, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Martin B Steed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Ralph H. Johnston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Robin C Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - James J Cray
- Division of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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8
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Durham EL, Howie RN, Hall S, Larson N, Oakes B, Houck R, Grey Z, Steed M, LaRue AC, Muise-Helmericks R, Cray J. Optimizing bone wound healing using BMP2 with absorbable collagen sponge and Talymed nanofiber scaffold. J Transl Med 2018; 16:321. [PMID: 30463618 PMCID: PMC6249740 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is a highly vascularized and resilient organ with innate healing abilities, however some bone injuries overwhelm these attributes and require intervention, such as bone tissue engineering strategies. Combining biomaterials and growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), is one of the most commonly used tissue engineering strategies. However, use of BMP2 has been correlated with negative clinical outcomes including aberrant inflammatory response, poor quality bone, and ectopic bone. METHODS In the present study, a novel poly-n-acetyl glucosamine (pGlcNAc, trade name Talymed) scaffold was utilized in addition to the commonly used acellular collagen sponge (ACS) BMP2 delivery system in a murine calvarial defect model to investigate whether the innate properties of Talymed can reduce the noted negative bone phenotypes associated with BMP2 treatment. RESULTS Comparison of murine calvarial defect healing between ACS with and without Talymed revealed that there was no measurable healing benefit for the combined treatment. Healing was most effective utilizing the traditional acellular collagen sponge with a reduced dose of BMP2. CONCLUSIONS The results of this investigation lead to the conclusion that excessive dosing of BMP2 may be responsible for the negative clinical side effects observed with this bone tissue engineering strategy. Rather than augmenting the currently used ACS BMP2 bone wound healing strategy with an additional anti-inflammatory scaffold, reducing the dose of BMP2 used in the traditional delivery system results in optimal healing without the published negative side effects of BMP2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - R Nicole Howie
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - SarahRose Hall
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Nicholas Larson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Brayden Oakes
- College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Reed Houck
- College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Zachary Grey
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Martin Steed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of South, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, 109 Bee St, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA
| | - Robin Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - James Cray
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Education & Anatomy, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 279 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Howie RN, Durham E, Oakes B, Grey Z, Smith J, Campbell P, LaRue A, Steed M, Muise-Helmericks R, Cray J. Testing a novel nanofibre scaffold for utility in bone tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2055-2066. [PMID: 30058251 DOI: 10.1002/term.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many variables serve to alter the process of bone remodelling and diminish regeneration including the size and nature of the wound bed and health status of the individual. To overcome these inhibitory factors, tissue-engineered osteoconductive scaffolds paired with various growth factors have been utilized clinically. However, many limitations still remain, for example, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) can lead to rampant inflammation, ectopic bone formation, and graft failure. Here, we studied the ability for a nanofiber scaffold (Talymed) to accelerate BMP2 growth factor-induced bone healing compared with the traditional absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) delivery system. One hundred fifty-five adult wild type mice were arranged in 16 groups by time, 4 and 8 weeks, and treatment, ACS or Talymed, loaded with control, low, medium, or high dosages of BMP2. Skulls were subjected to microCT, biomechanical, and histological analysis to assess bone regeneration. The use of Talymed within the defect site was found to decrease the bone volume, bone formation rate, and alkaline phosphatase activity compared with ACS/BMP2 combinations. Interestingly, though Talymed regenerated less bone, the regenerate was found to have a greater hardness value than that of bone within the ACS groups. However, the difference in bone hardness between scaffolds was not detectable by 8 weeks. Based on these results, we found that the nanofiber scaffold generated a better quality of bone regenerate at 4 weeks but, due to the lack of overall bone formation and the inhibition of normal remodelling processes, was not as efficacious as the current clinical standard ACS/BMP2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nicole Howie
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Emily Durham
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Brayden Oakes
- College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zachary Grey
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jason Smith
- Engineering Reseacher Accelerated and Integrated Innovation Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Phil Campbell
- Institute for Complex Engineering Systems, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda LaRue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, and Ralph H. Johnston Department of Veterans Affairs, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Martin Steed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Robin Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - James Cray
- Division of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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10
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Cheng A, Krishnan L, Tran L, Stevens HY, Xia B, Lee N, Williams JK, Gibson G, Guldberg RE. The Effects of Age and Dose on Gene Expression and Segmental Bone Defect Repair After BMP-2 Delivery. JBMR Plus 2018; 3:e10068. [PMID: 30828685 PMCID: PMC6383700 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is a well‐known influential factor in bone healing, with younger patients generally healing bone fractures more rapidly and suffering fewer complications compared with older patients. Yet the impact age has on the response to current bone healing treatments, such as delivery of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2), remains poorly characterized. It remains unclear how or if therapeutic dosing of BMP‐2 should be modified to account for age‐related differences in order to minimize potential adverse effects and consequently improve patient bone‐healing outcomes. For this study, we sought to address this issue by using a preclinical critically sized segmental bone defect model in rats to investigate age‐related differences in bone repair after delivery of BMP‐2 in a collagen sponge, the current clinical standard. Femoral defects were created in young (7‐week‐old) and adult (8‐month‐old) rats, and healing was assessed using gene expression analyses, longitudinal radiography, ex vivo micro‐computed tomography (µCT), as well as torsional testing. We found that young rats demonstrated elevated expression of genes related to osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and matrix remodeling at the early 1‐week time point compared with adult rats. These early gene expression differences may have impacted long‐term healing as the regenerated bones of young rats exhibited higher bone mineral densities compared with those of adult rats after 12 weeks. Furthermore, the young rats demonstrated significantly more bone formation and increased mechanical strength when BMP‐2 dose was increased from 1 µg to 10 µg, a finding not observed in adult rats. Overall, these results indicate there are age‐related differences in BMP‐2‐mediated bone regeneration, including relative dose sensitivity, suggesting that age is an important consideration when implementing a BMP‐2 treatment strategy. © 2018 The Authors JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cheng
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
| | - Laxminarayanan Krishnan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
| | - Lisa Tran
- Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
| | - Boao Xia
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
| | - Nari Lee
- Emory University Pediatric Engineering Research Summer Experience Atlanta GA USA
| | | | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA
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11
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Early changes in retinal structure and BMP2 expression in the retina and crystalline lens of streptozotocin-induced diabetic pigs. Lab Anim Res 2017; 33:216-222. [PMID: 29046696 PMCID: PMC5645599 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2017.33.3.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to evaluate early changes in retinal structure and BMP2 expression in the retina and crystalline lens by comparing streptozotocin-induced diabetic pigs and normal control group pigs. Methods Five eye samples from five diabetic Micro-pigs (Medikinetics, Pyeongtaek, Korea) and five eye samples from five control pigs bred in a specific pathogen-free area were used. Diabetes was developed through intravenous injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin, and the average fasting glucose level was maintained at 250 mg/dL or higher for 16 weeks. To evaluate BMP2 expression in the retina and crystalline lens, Western blotting was performed. Results In Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, most diabetic pigs showed structural abnormalities in the inner plexiform layer. The number of nuclei in the ganglion cell layer within the range of 104 µm2 was 3.78±0.60 for diabetic pigs and 5.57±1.07 for control group pigs, showing a statistically significant difference. In immunohistochemical staining, diabetic retinas showed an overall increase in BMP2 expression. In Western blotting, the average BMP2/actin level of diabetic retinas was 1.19±0.05, showing a significant increase compared to the 1.06±0.03 of the control group retinas (P=0.016). The BMP2/actin level of diabetic crystalline lenses was similar to the control group crystalline lenses (P=0.730). Conclusions Compared to control group pigs, the number of nuclei in the inner nuclear layer of retinas from streptozotocin-induced diabetic pigs decreased, while an increase in BMP2 expression was observed in the retina of diabetic pigs.
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12
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Dawson LA, Yu L, Yan M, Marrero L, Schanes PP, Dolan C, Pela M, Petersen B, Han M, Muneoka K. The periosteal requirement and temporal dynamics of BMP2-induced middle phalanx regeneration in the adult mouse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:140-150. [PMID: 28975034 PMCID: PMC5617898 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of mammalian limbs is restricted to amputation of the distal digit tip, the terminal phalanx (P3). The adjacent skeletal element, the middle phalanx (P2), has emerged as a model system to investigate regenerative failure and as a site to test approaches aimed at enhancing regeneration. We report that exogenous application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) stimulates the formation of a transient cartilaginous callus distal to the amputation plane that mediates the regeneration of the amputated P2 bone. BMP2 initiates a significant regeneration response during the periosteal‐derived cartilaginous healing phase of P2 bone repair, yet fails to induce regeneration in the absence of periosteal tissue, or after boney callus formation. We provide evidence that a temporal component exists in the induced regeneration of P2 that we define as the “regeneration window.” In this window, cells are transiently responsive to BMP2 after the amputation injury. Simple re‐injury of the healed P2 stump acts to reinitiate endogenous bone repair, complete with periosteal chondrogenesis, thus reopening the “regeneration window” and thereby recreating a regeneration‐permissive environment that is responsive to exogenous BMP2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Dawson
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Ling Yu
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Mingquan Yan
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Luis Marrero
- Department of Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans LA USA
| | - Paula P Schanes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Connor Dolan
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA
| | - Maegan Pela
- Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Britta Petersen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Manjong Han
- Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
| | - Ken Muneoka
- Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology Texas A&M University 4466 TAMU College Station TX USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Tulane University 2000 Percival Stern Hall, 6400 Freret St New Orleans LA USA
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13
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Fan J, Pi-Anfruns J, Guo M, Im DCS, Cui ZK, Kim S, Wu BM, Aghaloo TL, Lee M. Small molecule-mediated tribbles homolog 3 promotes bone formation induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7518. [PMID: 28790361 PMCID: PMC5548928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) has demonstrated extraordinary potential in bone formation, its clinical applications require supraphysiological milligram-level doses that increase postoperative inflammation and inappropriate adipogenesis, resulting in well-documented life-threatening cervical swelling and cyst-like bone formation. Recent promising alternative biomolecular strategies are toward promoting pro-osteogenic activity of BMP2 while simultaneously suppressing its adverse effects. Here, we demonstrated that small molecular phenamil synergized osteogenesis and bone formation with BMP2 in a rat critical size mandibular defect model. Moreover, we successfully elicited the BMP2 adverse outcomes (i.e. adipogenesis and inflammation) in the mandibular defect by applying high dose BMP2. Phenamil treatment significantly improves the quality of newly formed bone by inhibiting BMP2 induced fatty cyst-like structure and inflammatory soft-tissue swelling. The observed positive phenamil effects were associated with upregulation of tribbles homolog 3 (Trib3) that suppressed adipogenic differentiation and inflammatory responses by negatively regulating PPARγ and NF-κB transcriptional activities. Thus, use of BMP2 along with phenamil stimulation or Trib3 augmentation may be a promising strategy to improve clinical efficacy and safety of current BMP therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Fan
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Joan Pi-Anfruns
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilonjiang, 150001, China
| | - Dan C S Im
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Soyon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Tara L Aghaloo
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA.
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14
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Delayed Endothelial Progenitor Cell Therapy Promotes Bone Defect Repair in a Clinically Relevant Rat Model. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7923826. [PMID: 28523072 PMCID: PMC5390645 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7923826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of segmental bone defects remains a significant challenge for orthopaedic surgeons. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have successfully promoted the repair of acute defects in animal models; however, the ability of EPCs to induce the repair of chronic nonhealing defects, such as those often encountered clinically, has not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of EPCs delivered in delayed fashion to induce the repair of nonhealing defects in a clinically relevant model. In order to simulate delayed treatment, 5 mm segmental defects in Fischer 344 rat femora were treated with bone marrow-derived EPCs on a Gelfoam scaffold at 3 weeks post creation of the defect. At ten weeks posttreatment, 100% of EPC-treated defects achieved union, whereas complete union was only achieved in 37.5% of defects treated with Gelfoam alone. Furthermore, significant increases in ultimate torque (p = 0.022) and torsional stiffness (p = 0.003) were found in EPC-treated defects compared to controls. Critically, no differences in outcomes were observed between acute and delayed EPC treatments. These results suggest that EPCs can enhance bone healing when applied in an acute or delayed fashion and that their use may represent a clinically translatable therapy for bone healing in humans.
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15
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Fan J, Guo M, Im CS, Pi-Anfruns J, Cui ZK, Kim S, Wu BM, Aghaloo TL, Lee M. Enhanced Mandibular Bone Repair by Combined Treatment of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Small-Molecule Phenamil. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 23:195-207. [PMID: 27771997 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor-based therapeutics using bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) presents a promising strategy to reconstruct craniofacial bone defects such as mandible. However, clinical applications require supraphysiological BMP doses that often increase inappropriate adipogenesis, resulting in well-documented, cyst-like bone formation. Here we reported a novel complementary strategy to enhance osteogenesis and mandibular bone repair by using small-molecule phenamil that has been shown to be a strong activator of BMP signaling. Phenamil synergistically induced osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with BMP-2 while suppressing their adipogenic differentiation induced by BMP-2 in vitro. The observed pro-osteogenic and antiadipogenic activity of phenamil was mediated by expression of tribbles homolog 3 (Trb3) that enhanced BMP-smad signaling and inhibited expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipogenesis. The synergistic effect of BMP-2+phenamil on bone regeneration was further confirmed in a critical-sized rat mandibular bone defect by implanting polymer scaffolds designed to slowly release the therapeutic molecules. These findings indicate a new complementary osteoinductive strategy to improve clinical efficacy and safety of current BMP-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Fan
- 1 Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mian Guo
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin, China
| | - Choong Sung Im
- 1 Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joan Pi-Anfruns
- 3 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- 1 Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Soyon Kim
- 4 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin M Wu
- 1 Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,4 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara L Aghaloo
- 3 Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Min Lee
- 1 Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,4 Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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16
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Brierly GI, Tredinnick S, Lynham A, Woodruff MA. Critical Sized Mandibular Defect Regeneration in Preclinical In Vivo Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40610-016-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Poon B, Kha T, Tran S, Dass CR. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 and bone therapy: successes and pitfalls. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:139-47. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), more specifically BMP-2, are being increasingly used in orthopaedic surgery due to advanced research into osteoinductive factors that may enhance and improve bone therapy. There are many areas in therapy that BMP-2 is being applied to, including dental treatment, open tibial fractures, cancer and spinal surgery. Within these areas of treatment, there are many reports of successes and pitfalls. This review explores the use of BMP-2 and its successes, pitfalls and future prospects in bone therapy.
Methods
The PubMed database was consulted to compile this review.
Key findings
With successes in therapy, there were descriptions of a more rapid healing time with no signs of rejection or infection attributed to BMP-2 treatment. Pitfalls included BMP-2 ‘off-label’ use, which lead to various adverse effects.
Conclusions
Our search highlighted that optimising treatment with BMP-2 is a direction that many researchers are exploring, with areas of current research interest including concentration and dose of BMP-2, carrier type and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Poon
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Tram Kha
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Sally Tran
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Biosciences Research Precinct, Bentley, WA, Australia
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18
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Hussein KA, Choksi K, Akeel S, Ahmad S, Megyerdi S, El-Sherbiny M, Nawaz M, Abu El-Asrar A, Al-Shabrawey M. Bone morphogenetic protein 2: a potential new player in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res 2014; 125:79-88. [PMID: 24910902 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Vision loss in DR principally occurs due to breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), leading to macular edema, retinal detachment and inner retinal and vitreous hemorrhage. Several growth factors have been shown to play crucial role in the development of these vascular changes; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DR are not yet fully revealed. In the current study we investigated the role of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in DR. We examined the changes in the protein levels of BMP2 in human vitreous and retina in addition to the mouse retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. To detect the source of BMP2 during diabetes, human retinal endothelial cells (hRECs) were subjected to high glucose (HG) for 5 days and levels of BMP2 protein were analyzed in conditioned media of these cells relative to control. We also evaluated the effect of BMP2 on the levels of VEGF in cultured rat Müller cells (rMC1). In addition, we tested the pro-inflammatory effects of BMP2 by examining its effect on leukocyte adhesion to cultured hRECs, and levels of adhesion molecules and cytokines production. Finally, the effect of different concentrations of BMP2 on permeability of confluent monolayer of hRECs was evaluated using FITC-Dextran flux permeability assay and by measuring Transcellular Electrical Resistance (TER) using Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS). Our results show, for the first time, the up-regulation of BMP2 in diabetic human and mouse retinas in addition to its detection in vitreous of patients with proliferative DR (72 ± 7 pg/ml). In vitro, hRECs showed upregulation of BMP2 in HG conditions suggesting that these cells are a potential source of BMP2 in diabetic conditions. Furthermore, BMP2 induced VEGF secretion by Müller cells in-vitro; and showed a dose response in increasing permeability of cultured hRECs. Meanwhile, BMP2 pro-inflammatory effects were recognized by its ability to induce leukocyte adhesion to the hRECs, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and upregulation of interleukin-6 and 8 (IL-6 and IL-8). These results show that BMP2 could be a contributing growth factor to the development of microvascular dysfunction during DR via enhancing both pro-angiogenic and inflammatory pathways. Our findings suggest BMP2 as a potential therapeutic target to prevent/treat DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Hussein
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Reagents University (Augusta) (GRU(A)), USA; Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, GRU(A), USA; Oral and Dental Research Division, Department of Surgery and Medicine, National Research Center, Egypt
| | - Karishma Choksi
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Reagents University (Augusta) (GRU(A)), USA; Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, GRU(A), USA
| | - Sara Akeel
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Reagents University (Augusta) (GRU(A)), USA
| | - Saif Ahmad
- Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, GRU(A), USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rabigh College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sylvia Megyerdi
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Reagents University (Augusta) (GRU(A)), USA
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Reagents University (Augusta) (GRU(A)), USA; Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, GRU(A), USA; Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Al-Shabrawey
- Department of Oral Biology/Anatomy College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Reagents University (Augusta) (GRU(A)), USA; Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, GRU(A), USA; Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, GRU(A), USA; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, GRU(A), USA.
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19
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DeConde AS, Lee MK, Sidell D, Aghaloo T, Lee M, Tetradis S, Low K, Elashoff D, Grogan T, Sepahdari AR, St John M. Defining the critical-sized defect in a rat segmental mandibulectomy model. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 140:58-65. [PMID: 24232293 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.5669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Advances in tissue engineering offer potential alternatives to current mandibular reconstructive techniques; however, before clinical translation of this technology, a relevant animal model must be used to validate possible interventions. OBJECTIVE To establish the critical-sized segmental mandibular defect that does not heal spontaneously in the rat mandible. DESIGN AND SETTING Prospective study of mandibular defect healing in 29 Sprague-Dawley rats in an animal laboratory. INTERVENTIONS The rats underwent creation of 1 of 4 segmental mandibular defects measuring 0, 1, 3, and 5 mm. All mandibular wounds were internally fixated with 1-mm microplates and screws and allowed to heal for 12 weeks, after which the animals were killed humanely. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Analysis with micro-computed tomography of bony union and formation graded on semiquantitative scales. RESULTS Seven animals were included in each experimental group. No 5-mm segmental defects successfully developed bony union, whereas all 0- and 1-mm defects had continuous bony growth across the original defect on micro-computed tomography. Three of the 3-mm defects had bony continuity, and 3 had no healing of the bony wound. Bone union scores were significantly lower for the 5-mm defects compared with the 0-, 1-, and 3-mm defects (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The rat segmental mandible model cannot heal a 5-mm segmental mandibular defect. Successful healing of 0-, 1-, and 3-mm defects confirms adequate stabilization of bony wounds with internal fixation with 1-mm microplates. The rat segmental mandibular critical-sized defect provides a clinically relevant testing ground for translatable mandibular tissue engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S DeConde
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Matthew K Lee
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Douglas Sidell
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
| | - Tara Aghaloo
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA3Division of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, UCLA4Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCLA
| | - Min Lee
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA5Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UCLA
| | - Sotirios Tetradis
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA3Division of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, UCLA
| | - Kyle Low
- currently a postbaccalaureate student at School of Dentistry, UCLA
| | - David Elashoff
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, UCLA7Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Tristan Grogan
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Ali R Sepahdari
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Maie St John
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)2Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
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20
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Chanchareonsook N, Tideman H, Feinberg SE, Jongpaiboonkit L, Lee S, Flanagan C, Krishnaswamy G, Jansen J. Segmental mandibular bone reconstruction with a carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite-coated modular endoprosthetic poly(ɛ-caprolactone) scaffold inMacaca fascicularis. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 102:962-76. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henk Tideman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research advisor; National Dental Centre; Singapore Singapore
| | - Stephen E. Feinberg
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; College of Engineering, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | | | - Shermin Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; National Dental Centre; Singapore Singapore
| | - Colleen Flanagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; College of Engineering, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Gita Krishnaswamy
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore Singapore
| | - John Jansen
- Department of Biomaterials; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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21
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Chanchareonsook N, Junker R, Jongpaiboonkit L, Jansen JA. Tissue-engineered mandibular bone reconstruction for continuity defects: a systematic approach to the literature. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 20:147-62. [PMID: 23865639 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant surgical advances over the last decades, segmental mandibular bone repair remains a challenge. In light of this, tissue engineering might offer a next step in the evolution of mandibular reconstruction. PURPOSE The purpose of the present report was to (1) systematically review preclinical in vivo as well as clinical literature regarding bone tissue engineering for mandibular continuity defects, and (2) to analyze their effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search in the databases of the National Library of Medicine and ISI Web of Knowledge was carried out. Only publications in English were considered, and the search was broadened to animals and humans. Furthermore, the reference lists of related review articles and publications selected for inclusion in this review were systematically screened. Results of histology data and amount of bone bridging were chosen as primary outcome variables. However, for human reports, clinical radiographic evidence was accepted for defined primary outcome variable. The biomechanical properties, scaffold degradation, and clinical wound healing were selected as co-outcome variables. RESULTS The electronic search in the databases of the National Library of Medicine and ISI Web of Knowledge resulted in the identification of 6727 and 5017 titles, respectively. Thereafter, title assessment and hand search resulted in 128 abstracts, 101 full-text articles, and 29 scientific papers reporting on animal experiments as well as 11 papers presenting human data on the subject of tissue-engineered reconstruction of mandibular continuity defects that could be included in the present review. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that (1) published preclinical in vivo as well as clinical data are limited, and (2) tissue-engineered approaches demonstrate some clinical potential as an alternative to autogenous bone grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattharee Chanchareonsook
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Dental Centre Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Hussein KA, Zakhary IE, Hailat D, Elrefai R, Sharawy M, Elsalanty ME. Delayed Versus Immediate Reconstruction of Mandibular Segmental Defects Using Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/Absorbable Collagen Sponge. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:1107-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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