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Yin J, Lei Q, Luo X, Jiang T, Zou X, Schneider A, H K Xu H, Zhao L, Ma D. Degradable hydrogel fibers encapsulate and deliver metformin and periodontal ligament stem cells for dental and periodontal regeneration. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20220447. [PMID: 37132700 PMCID: PMC10159044 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising cells for dental and periodontal regeneration. This study aimed to develop novel alginate-fibrin fibers that encapsulates hPDLSCs and metformin, to investigate the effect of metformin on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, and to determine the regulatory role of the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway in the metformin-induced osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs for the first time. CCK8 assay was used to evaluate hPDLSCs. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red S staining, and the expression of osteogenic genes were evaluated. Metformin and hPDLSCs were encapsulated in alginate-fibrinogen solutions, which were injected to form alginate-fibrin fibers. The activation of Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway was examined using qRT-PCR and western blot. A mechanistic study was conducted by inhibiting the Shh/Gli1 pathway using GANT61. The administration of 50 μM metformin resulted in a significant upregulation of osteogenic gene expression in hPDLSCs by 1.4-fold compared to the osteogenic induction group (P < 0.01), including ALP and runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2). Furthermore, metformin increased ALP activity by 1.7-fold and bone mineral nodule formation by 2.6-fold (P<0.001). We observed that hPDLSCs proliferated with the degradation of alginate-fibrin fibers, and metformin induced their differentiation into the osteogenic lineage. Metformin also promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by upregulating the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway by 3- to 6- fold compared to the osteogenic induction group (P<0.001). The osteogenic differentiation ability of hPDLSCs were decreased 1.3- to 1.6-fold when the Shh/Gli1 pathway was inhibited, according to ALP staining and alizarin red S staining (P<0.01). Metformin enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs via the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway. Degradable alginate-fibrin hydrogel fibers encapsulating hPDLSCs and metformin have significant potential for use in dental and periodontal tissue engineering applications. Alginate-fibrin fibers encapsulating hPDLSCs and metformin have a great potential for use in the treatment of maxillofacial bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, and tooth extraction. Additionally, they may facilitate the regeneration of periodontal tissue in patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Yin
- Southern Medical University, Stomatological Hospital, Department of Endodontics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Medical University, School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Southern Medical University, Stomatological Hospital, Department of Endodontics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Medical University, School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghong Luo
- Southern Medical University, Stomatological Hospital, Department of Endodontics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Southern Medical University, Stomatological Hospital, Department of Endodontics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Medical University, School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianghui Zou
- Southern Medical University, Stomatological Hospital, Department of Endodontics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Medical University, School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Abraham Schneider
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- University of Maryland Dental School, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Shunde Hospital, Department of Trauma and Joint Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Southern Medical University, Stomatological Hospital, Department of Endodontics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Medical University, School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of Maryland Dental School, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Weir MD, Schneider A, Ma T, Oates TW, Xu HHK, Zhang K, Bai Y. Periodontal ligament stem cell-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1071472. [PMID: 36532583 PMCID: PMC9755356 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Stem cell-based tissue engineering approaches are promising for bone repair and regeneration. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering, especially for maxillofacial bone and periodontal regeneration. Many studies have shown potent results via PDLSCs in bone regeneration. In this review, we describe recent cutting-edge researches on PDLSC-based bone regeneration and periodontal tissue regeneration. Data and sources: An extensive search of the literature for papers related to PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs for bone tissue engineering was made on the databases of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar. The papers were selected by three independent calibrated reviewers. Results: Multiple types of materials and scaffolds have been combined with PDLSCs, involving xeno genic bone graft, calcium phosphate materials and polymers. These PDLSC-based constructs exhibit the potential for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration. In addition, various osteo inductive agents and strategies have been applied with PDLSCs, including drugs, biologics, gene therapy, physical stimulation, scaffold modification, cell sheets and co-culture. Conclusoin: This review article demonstrates the great potential of PDLSCs-based bioactive constructs as a promising approach for bone and periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas W. Oates
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Rial R, Liu Z, Messina P, Ruso JM. Role of nanostructured materials in hard tissue engineering. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 304:102682. [PMID: 35489142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The rise in the use of biomaterials in bone regeneration in the last decade has exponentially multiplied the number of publications, methods, and approaches to improve and optimize their functionalities and applications. In particular, biomimetic strategies based on the self-assembly of molecules to design, create and characterize nanostructured materials have played a very relevant role. We address this idea on four different but related points: self-setting bone cements based on calcium phosphate, as stable tissue support and regeneration induction; metallic prosthesis coatings for cell adhesion optimization and prevention of inflammatory response exacerbation; bio-adhesive hybrid materials as multiple drug delivery localized platforms and finally bio-inks. The effect of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the newest biomedical devices on their bone tissue regenerative capacity are summarized, described, and analyzed in detail. The roles of experimental conditions, characterization methods and synthesis routes are emphasized. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges of nanostructured biomaterials with their advantages and shortcomings are proposed in order to forecast the future directions of this field of research.
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PLA/Hydroxyapatite scaffolds exhibit in vitro immunological inertness and promote robust osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic stimuli. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2333. [PMID: 35149687 PMCID: PMC8837663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects stand out as one of the greatest challenges of reconstructive surgery. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) allows for the printing of 3D scaffolds tailored to the morphology and size of bone damage in a patient-specific and high-precision manner. However, FDM still suffers from the lack of materials capable of efficiently supporting osteogenesis. In this study, we developed 3D-printed porous scaffolds composed of polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (PLA/HA) composites with high ceramic contents (above 20%, w/w) by FDM. The mechanical properties of the PLA/HA scaffolds were compatible with those of trabecular bone. In vitro degradation tests revealed that HA can neutralize the acidification effect caused by PLA degradation, while simultaneously releasing calcium and phosphate ions. Importantly, 3D-printed PLA/HA did not induce the upregulation of activation markers nor the expression of inflammatory cytokines in dendritic cells thus exhibiting no immune-stimulatory properties in vitro. Evaluations using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) showed that pure PLA scaffolds exerted an osteoconductive effect, whereas PLA/HA scaffolds efficiently induced osteogenic differentiation of MSC even in the absence of any classical osteogenic stimuli. Our findings indicate that 3D-printed PLA scaffolds loaded with high concentrations of HA are most suitable for future applications in bone tissue engineering.
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A Review on the Enhancement of Calcium Phosphate Cement with Biological Materials in Bone Defect Healing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183075. [PMID: 34577976 PMCID: PMC8472520 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising material used in the treatment of bone defects due to its profitable features of self-setting capability, osteoconductivity, injectability, mouldability, and biocompatibility. However, the major limitations of CPC, such as the brittleness, lack of osteogenic property, and poor washout resistance, remain to be resolved. Thus, significant research effort has been committed to modify and reinforce CPC. The mixture of CPC with various biological materials, defined as the materials produced by living organisms, have been fabricated by researchers and their characteristics have been investigated in vitro and in vivo. This present review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview enabling the readers to compare the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of CPC upon the incorporation of different biological materials. By mixing the bone-related transcription factors, proteins, and/or polysaccharides with CPC, researchers have demonstrated that these combinations not only resolved the lack of mechanical strength and osteogenic effects of CPC but also further improve its own functional properties. However, exceptions were seen in CPC incorporated with certain proteins (such as elastin-like polypeptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide) as well as blood components. In conclusion, the addition of biological materials potentially improves CPC features, which vary depending on the types of materials embedded into it. The significant enhancement of CPC seen in vitro and in vivo requires further verification in human trials for its clinical application.
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Sikkema R, Keohan B, Zhitomirsky I. Alginic Acid Polymer-Hydroxyapatite Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183070. [PMID: 34577971 PMCID: PMC8471633 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bone is a composite organic-inorganic material, containing hydroxyapatite (HAP) as an inorganic phase. In this review, applications of natural alginic acid (ALGH) polymer for the fabrication of composites containing HAP are described. ALGH is used as a biocompatible structure directing, capping and dispersing agent for the synthesis of HAP. Many advanced techniques for the fabrication of ALGH-HAP composites are attributed to the ability of ALGH to promote biomineralization. Gel-forming and film-forming properties of ALGH are key factors for the development of colloidal manufacturing techniques. Electrochemical fabrication techniques are based on strong ALGH adsorption on HAP, pH-dependent charge and solubility of ALGH. Functional properties of advanced composite ALGH-HAP films and coatings, scaffolds, biocements, gels and beads are described. The composites are loaded with other functional materials, such as antimicrobial agents, drugs, proteins and enzymes. Moreover, the composites provided a platform for their loading with cells for the fabrication of composites with enhanced properties for various biomedical applications. This review summarizes manufacturing strategies, mechanisms and outlines future trends in the development of functional biocomposites.
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Olaru M, Sachelarie L, Calin G. Hard Dental Tissues Regeneration-Approaches and Challenges. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102558. [PMID: 34069265 PMCID: PMC8156070 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of the modern concept of tissue engineering approach and the discovery of the potential of stem cells in dentistry, the regeneration of hard dental tissues has become a reality and a priority of modern dentistry. The present review reports the recent advances on stem-cell based regeneration strategies for hard dental tissues and analyze the feasibility of stem cells and of growth factors in scaffolds-based or scaffold-free approaches in inducing the regeneration of either the whole tooth or only of its component structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Olaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Liliana Sachelarie
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriela Calin
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
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Chen H, Yang H, Weir MD, Schneider A, Ren K, Homayounfar N, Oates TW, Zhang K, Liu J, Hu T, Xu HHK. An antibacterial and injectable calcium phosphate scaffold delivering human periodontal ligament stem cells for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40157-40170. [PMID: 35520873 PMCID: PMC9057516 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis and post-operative infections are major problems in orthopedic, dental and craniofacial surgeries. It is highly desirable for a tissue engineering construct to kill bacteria, while simultaneously delivering stem cells and enhancing cell function and tissue regeneration. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold containing antibiotic ornidazole (ORZ) while encapsulating human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), and (2) investigate the inhibition efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and the promotion of hPDLSC function for osteogenesis for the first time. ORZ was incorporated into a CPC-chitosan scaffold. hPDLSCs were encapsulated in alginate microbeads (denoted hPDLSCbeads). The ORZ-loaded CPCC+hPDLSCbeads scaffold was fully injectable, and had a flexural strength of 3.50 ± 0.92 MPa and an elastic modulus of 1.30 ± 0.45 GPa, matching those of natural cancellous bone. With 6 days of sustained ORZ release, the CPCC+10ORZ (10% ORZ) scaffold had strong antibacterial effects on S. aureus, with an inhibition zone of 12.47 ± 1.01 mm. No colonies were observed in the CPCC+10ORZ group from 3 to 7 days. ORZ-containing scaffolds were biocompatible with hPDLSCs. CPCC+10ORZ+hPDLSCbeads scaffold with osteogenic medium had 2.4-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone mineral synthesis by hPDLSCs, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the novel antibacterial construct with stem cell delivery had injectability, good strength, strong antibacterial effects and biocompatibility, supporting osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral synthesis of hPDLSCs. The injectable and mechanically-strong CPCC+10ORZ+hPDLSCbeads construct has great potential for treating bone infections and promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatological, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education Chongqing China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University Chengdu China .,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry Baltimore USA.,Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Negar Homayounfar
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA .,Key Laboratory of Shannxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shannxi China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA .,Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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Kim MG, Park CH. Tooth-Supporting Hard Tissue Regeneration Using Biopolymeric Material Fabrication Strategies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204802. [PMID: 33086674 PMCID: PMC7587995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineralized tissues (alveolar bone and cementum) are the major components of periodontal tissues and play a critical role to anchor periodontal ligament (PDL) to tooth-root surfaces. The integrated multiple tissues could generate biological or physiological responses to transmitted biomechanical forces by mastication or occlusion. However, due to periodontitis or traumatic injuries, affect destruction or progressive damage of periodontal hard tissues including PDL could be affected and consequently lead to tooth loss. Conventional tissue engineering approaches have been developed to regenerate or repair periodontium but, engineered periodontal tissue formation is still challenging because there are still limitations to control spatial compartmentalization for individual tissues and provide optimal 3D constructs for tooth-supporting tissue regeneration and maturation. Here, we present the recently developed strategies to induce osteogenesis and cementogenesis by the fabrication of 3D architectures or the chemical modifications of biopolymeric materials. These techniques in tooth-supporting hard tissue engineering are highly promising to promote the periodontal regeneration and advance the interfacial tissue formation for tissue integrations of PDL fibrous connective tissue bundles (alveolar bone-to-PDL or PDL-to-cementum) for functioning restorations of the periodontal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guk Kim
- Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea;
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Institute for Biomaterials Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-660-6890
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Weir MD, Zhang N, Zhang L, Xie X, Zhang C, Zhang K, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Human periodontal ligament stem cells on calcium phosphate scaffold delivering platelet lysate to enhance bone regeneration. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41161-41172. [PMID: 35540034 PMCID: PMC9076431 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08336g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising for tissue engineering applications but have received relatively little attention. Human platelet lysate (HPL) contains a cocktail of growth factors. To date, there has been no report on hPDLSC seeding on scaffolds loaded with HPL. The objectives of this study were to develop a calcium phosphate cement (CPC)-chitosan scaffold loaded with HPL and investigate their effects on hPDLSC viability, osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral synthesis for the first time. hPDLSCs were harvested from extracted human teeth. Scaffolds were formed by mixing CPC powder with a chitosan solution containing HPL. Four groups were tested: CPC-chitosan + 0% HPL (control); CPC-chitosan + 2.66% HPL; CPC-chitosan + 5.31% HPL; CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL. Scanning electron microscopy, live/dead staining, CCK-8, qRT-PCR, alkaline phosphatase and bone minerals assay were applied for hPDLSCs on scaffolds. hPDLSCs attached well on CPC-chitosan scaffold. Adding 10.63% HPL into CPC increased cell proliferation and viability (p < 0.05). ALP gene expression of CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 7-fold that of 0% HPL at 14 days. Runx2, OSX and Coll1 of CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 2-3 folds those at 0% HPL (p < 0.05). ALP activity of CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 2-fold that at 0% HPL (p < 0.05). Bone minerals synthesized by hPDLSCs for CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 3-fold that at 0% HPL (p < 0.05). This study showed that CPC-chitosan scaffold was a promising carrier for HPL delivery, and HPL in CPC exerted excellent promoting effects on hPDLSCs for bone tissue engineering for the first time. The novel hPDLSC-CPC-chitosan-HPL construct has great potential for orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Charles Zhang
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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11
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Zhao Z, Liu J, Schneider A, Gao X, Ren K, Weir MD, Zhang N, Zhang K, Zhang L, Bai Y, Xu HHK. Human periodontal ligament stem cell seeding on calcium phosphate cement scaffold delivering metformin for bone tissue engineering. J Dent 2019; 91:103220. [PMID: 31678476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) develop a CPC-metformin scaffold with hPDLSC seeding for bone tissue engineering; and (2) investigate the effects of CPC-metformin scaffold on hPDLSC proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and bone matrix mineralization for the first time. METHODS hPDLSCs were harvested from extracted teeth. CPC scaffolds (with or without metformin) were prepared. Three groups were tested: (1) control group (growth medium); (2) osteogenic group (osteogenic medium); (3) metformin + osteogenic group (CPC-metformin scaffold, cultured in osteogenic medium). hPDLSC viability, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization were measured. SEM was used to examine cell morphology. RESULTS After culturing for 14 days, all three groups demonstrated excellent hPDLSC attachment and viability, as shown in live-dead staining, CCK-8 assay, and SEM examinations. The osteogenic group had 3-8 folds, 5 folds and 6 folds of increases in osteogenic gene expressions, ALP activity and mineral synthesis, compared to control group. Furthermore, the metformin + osteogenic group had 3-fold to 4-fold increases over those of the osteogenic group in osteogenic gene expressions, ALP activity and mineral synthesis. CONCLUSIONS hPDLSCs were demonstrated to be a potent cell source for bone engineering. The novel CPC-metformin-hPDLSC construct is highly promising to enhance bone repair and regeneration efficacy in dental, craniofacial and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Key Laboratory of Shanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xianling Gao
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Endodontics, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology & Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, School of Dentistry, & Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Member, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Noori A, Ashrafi SJ, Vaez-Ghaemi R, Hatamian-Zaremi A, Webster TJ. A review of fibrin and fibrin composites for bone tissue engineering. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:4937-4961. [PMID: 28761338 PMCID: PMC5516781 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s124671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as a new treatment approach for bone repair and regeneration seeking to address limitations associated with current therapies, such as autologous bone grafting. While many bone tissue engineering approaches have traditionally focused on synthetic materials (such as polymers or hydrogels), there has been a lot of excitement surrounding the use of natural materials due to their biologically inspired properties. Fibrin is a natural scaffold formed following tissue injury that initiates hemostasis and provides the initial matrix useful for cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Fibrin has captured the interest of bone tissue engineers due to its excellent biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, and ability to deliver cells and biomolecules. Fibrin is particularly appealing because its precursors, fibrinogen, and thrombin, which can be derived from the patient's own blood, enable the fabrication of completely autologous scaffolds. In this article, we highlight the unique properties of fibrin as a scaffolding material to treat bone defects. Moreover, we emphasize its role in bone tissue engineering nanocomposites where approaches further emulate the natural nanostructured features of bone when using fibrin and other nanomaterials. We also review the preparation methods of fibrin glue and then discuss a wide range of fibrin applications in bone tissue engineering. These include the delivery of cells and/or biomolecules to a defect site, distributing cells, and/or growth factors throughout other pre-formed scaffolds and enhancing the physical as well as biological properties of other biomaterials. Thoughts on the future direction of fibrin research for bone tissue engineering are also presented. In the future, the development of fibrin precursors as recombinant proteins will solve problems associated with using multiple or single-donor fibrin glue, and the combination of nanomaterials that allow for the incorporation of biomolecules with fibrin will significantly improve the efficacy of fibrin for numerous bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Noori
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | | | - Roza Vaez-Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Patel R, Patel M, Kwak J, Iyer AK, Karpoormath R, Desai S, Rarh V. Polymeric microspheres: a delivery system for osteogenic differentiation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Patel
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; The University of Seoul; Seoul 02504 Korea
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seodaemun-gu Seoul 120-750 South Korea
| | - Jeonghun Kwak
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering; The University of Seoul; Seoul 02504 Korea
| | - Arun K. Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-Bind) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health, Sciences; Wayne State University; 259 Mack Ave Detroit MI 48201 USA
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences; University of Kwa Zulu Natal; Durban 4000 Africa
| | - Shrojal Desai
- Global Infusion Systems R&D at Hospira; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Vimal Rarh
- Department of Chemistry, S.G.T.B. Khalsa College; University of Delhi; Delhi 110007 India
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14
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Wang T, Wu D, Li Y, Li W, Zhang S, Hu K, Zhou H. Substance P incorporation in calcium phosphate cement for dental alveolar bone defect restoration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:546-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Current View on Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Placental Tissues. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2016; 11:570-85. [PMID: 25381565 PMCID: PMC4493719 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from human term placental tissues possess unique characteristics, including their peculiar immunomodulatory properties and their multilineage differentiation potential. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of placental MSC has been widely disputed, and continues to be an issue of debate. This review will briefly discuss the different MSC populations which can be obtained from different regions of human term placenta, along with their unique properties, focusing specifically on their osteogenic differentiation potential. We will present the strategies used to enhance osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro, such as through the selection of subpopulations more prone to differentiate, the modification of the components of osteo-inductive medium, and even mechanical stimulation. Accordingly, the applications of three-dimensional environments in vitro and in vivo, such as non-synthetic, polymer-based, and ceramic scaffolds, will also be discussed, along with results obtained from pre-clinical studies of placental MSC for the regeneration of bone defects and treatment of bone-related diseases.
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16
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Chen W, Thein-Han W, Weir MD, Chen Q, Xu HHK. Prevascularization of biofunctional calcium phosphate cement for dental and craniofacial repairs. Dent Mater 2016; 30:535-44. [PMID: 24731858 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is promising for dental and craniofacial repairs. Vascularization in bone tissue engineering constructs is currently a major challenge. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevascularization of macroporous CPC via coculturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human osteoblasts (HOB), and determine the effect of RGD in CPC on microcapillary formation for the first time. METHODS Macroporous CPC scaffold was prepared using CPC powder, chitosan liquid and gas-foaming porogen. Chitosan was grafted with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) to biofunctionalize the CPC. HUVEC and HOB were cocultured on macroporous CPC-RGD and CPC control without RGD for up to 42d. The osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation, bone matrix mineral synthesis, and formation of microcapillary-like structures were measured. RESULTS RGD-grafting in CPC increased the gene expressions of osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation markers than those of CPC control without RGD. Cell-synthesized bone mineral content also increased on CPC-RGD, compared to CPC control (p<0.05). Immunostaining with endothelial marker showed that the amount of microcapillary-like structures on CPC scaffolds increased with time. At 42d, the cumulative vessel length for CPC-RGD scaffold was 1.69-fold that of CPC control. SEM examination confirmed the morphology of self-assembled microcapillary-like structures on CPC scaffolds. SIGNIFICANCE HUVEC+HOB coculture on macroporous CPC scaffold successfully achieved prevascularization. RGD incorporation in CPC enhanced osteogenic differentiation, bone mineral synthesis, and microcapillary-like structure formation. The novel prevascularized CPC-RGD constructs are promising for dental, craniofacial and orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - WahWah Thein-Han
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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17
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Zhao L, Li J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Wang J, Gu B, Chen J, Hao T, Wang C, Wen N. Preparation and characterization of calcium phosphate/pectin scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffold has been used to repair bone defects, but its low compressive strength and poor osteogenesis greatly hinder its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology
- The General Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Beijing 100853
- PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100850
- PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Second Out-Patient Department
- General Hospital of Beijing Military Region
- Beijing 100125
- PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Stomatology
- The General Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Beijing 100853
- PR China
| | - Jiexin Wang
- Key Lab for Nanomaterials
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Stomatology
- The General Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Beijing 100853
- PR China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University
- Dalian 116011
- PR China
| | - Tong Hao
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100850
- PR China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Department of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Center
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences
- Beijing 100850
- PR China
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology
- The General Hospital of Chinese PLA
- Beijing 100853
- PR China
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Endo K, Anada T, Yamada M, Seki M, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Enhancement of osteoblastic differentiation in alginate gel beads with bioactive octacalcium phosphate particles. Biomed Mater 2015; 10:065019. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/6/065019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Qiao PY, Li FF, Dong LM, Xu T, Xie QF. Delivering MC3T3-E1 cells into injectable calcium phosphate cement through alginate-chitosan microcapsules for bone tissue engineering. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:382-92. [PMID: 24711359 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To deliver cells deep into injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) through alginate-chitosan (AC) microcapsules and investigate the biological behavior of the cells released from microcapsules into the CPC. METHODS Mouse osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were embedded in alginate and AC microcapsules using an electrostatic droplet generator. The two types of cell-encapsulating microcapsules were then mixed with a CPC paste. MC3T3-E1 cell viability was investigated using a Wst-8 kit, and osteogenic differentiation was demonstrated by an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay. Cell attachment in CPC was observed by an environment scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Both alginate and AC microcapsules were able to release the encapsulated MC3T3-E1 cells when mixed with CPC paste. The released cells attached to the setting CPC scaffolds, survived, differentiated, and formed mineralized nodules. Cells grew in the pores concomitantly created by the AC microcapsules in situ within the CPC. At Day 21, cellular ALP activity in the AC group was approximately four times that at Day 7 and exceeded that of the alginate microcapsule group (P<0.05). Pores formed by the AC microcapsules had a diameter of several hundred microns and were spherical compared with those formed by alginate microcapsules. CONCLUSIONS AC microcapsule is a promising carrier to release seeding cells deep into an injectable CPC scaffold for bone engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-yan Qiao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Key Lab of Fine Ceramics, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Liao G, Sun D, Han J, Tan J. Effect of methotrexate on the mechanical properties and microstructure of calcium phosphate cement. Orthopedics 2014; 37:e906-10. [PMID: 25275979 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20140924-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is widely used as an antitumor bone-filling material. Methotrexate (MTX) is recognized as an effective chemotherapy medicine. The current study examined the effects of MTX on the mechanical properties and microstructure of CPC. Methotrexate-loaded CPC at mass ratios of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5% were designated as groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, and were pressed into precast cylindrical molds. Solidification time, axial compressive strength, transverse compressive strength, and rotational tensile strength were measured, and scanning electron microscopy images were captured before and after MTX-CPC microstructure changes occurred. Average initial and final setting times increased gradually with increasing drug concentration, but this increase was not significant among the groups. Average axial transverse compressive strength and rotational tensile strength of groups B and C were not significantly different from those of group A (P>.05); however, there was a significant difference in these properties between groups A and D (P<.05). Scanning electron microscopy observations showed a porous crystalline structure. The addition of MTX to CPC does not significantly affect the basic crystal structure and setting time of CPC. Adding MTX at mass ratios of 0.1% and 0.2% to CPC does not lead to a significant difference in mechanical strength and can therefore be applied in clinical practice. This study may shed some light on the future application of MTX-loaded CPC in the treatment of bone defects after tumor excision.
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Orive G, Santos E, Pedraz J, Hernández R. Application of cell encapsulation for controlled delivery of biological therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 67-68:3-14. [PMID: 23886766 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell microencapsulation technology is likely to have an increasingly important role in new approaches rather than the classical and pioneering organ replacement. Apart from becoming a tool for protein and morphogen release and long-term drug delivery, it is becoming a new three-dimensional platform for stem cell research. Recent progress in the field has resulted in biodegradable scaffolds that are able to retain and release the cell content in different anatomical locations. Additional advances include the use biomimetic scaffolds that provide greater control over material-cell interactions and the development of more precise encapsulated cell-tracking systems. This review summarises the state of the art of cell microencapsulation and discusses the main directions and challenges of this field towards the controlled delivery of biological therapeutics.
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Injectable calcium phosphate–alginate–chitosan microencapsulated MC3T3-E1 cell paste for bone tissue engineering in vivo. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:4633-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen W, Liu J, Manuchehrabadi N, Weir MD, Zhu Z, Xu HHK. Umbilical cord and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell seeding on macroporous calcium phosphate for bone regeneration in rat cranial defects. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9917-25. [PMID: 24054499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are inexhaustible and can be harvested at a low cost without an invasive procedure. However, there has been no report on comparing hUCMSCs with human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs) for bone regeneration in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate hUCMSC and hBMSC seeding on macroporous calcium phosphate cement (CPC), and to compare their bone regeneration in critical-sized cranial defects in rats. Cell attachment, osteogenic differentiation and mineral synthesis on RGD-modified macroporous CPC were investigated in vitro. Scaffolds with cells were implanted in 8-mm defects of athymic rats. Bone regeneration was investigated via micro-CT and histological analysis at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Three groups were tested: CPC with hUCMSCs, CPC with hBMSCs, and CPC control without cells. Percentage of live cells and cell density on CPC in vitro were similarly good for hUCMSCs and hBMSCs. Both cells had high osteogenic expressions of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, collagen I, and Runx2. Bone mineral density and trabecular thickness in hUCMSC and hBMSC groups in vivo were greater than those of CPC control group. New bone amount for hUCMSC-CPC and hBMSC-CPC constructs was increased by 57% and 88%, respectively, while blood vessel density was increased by 15% and 20%, than CPC control group at 24 weeks. hUCMSC-CPC and hBMSC-CPC groups generally had statistically similar bone mineral density, new bone amount and vessel density. In conclusion, hUCMSCs seeded on CPC were shown to match the bone regeneration efficacy of hBMSCs in vivo for the first time. Both hUCMSC-CPC and hBMSC-CPC constructs generated much more new bone and blood vessels than CPC without cells. Macroporous RGD-grafted CPC with stem cell seeding is promising for craniofacial and orthopedic repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Leal-Egaña A, Díaz-Cuenca A, Boccaccini AR. Tuning of cell-biomaterial anchorage for tissue regeneration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4049-4057. [PMID: 24063035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Which mechanisms mediate cell attachment to biomaterials? What role does the surface charge or wettability play on cell-material anchorage? What are the currently investigated strategies to modify cell-matrix adherence spatiotemporally? Considering the development of scaffolds made of biocompatible materials to temporarily replace the structure and/or function of the extracellular matrix, focus is given to the analysis of the specific (i.e., cell adhesive peptide sequences) and unspecific (i.e., surface charge, wettability) mechanisms mediating cell-matrix interactions. Furthermore, because natural tissue regeneration is characterized by the dynamic attachment/detachment of different cell populations, the design of advanced scaffolds for tissue engineering, based in the spatiotemporal tuning of cell-matrix anchorage is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Leal-Egaña
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Wu TY, Zhou ZB, He ZW, Ren WP, Yu XW, Huang Y. Reinforcement of a new calcium phosphate cement with RGD-chitosan-fiber. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:68-75. [PMID: 23606446 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has been widely used in orthopedic and dental applications. A critical limitation of CPC is low strength and high susceptibility to severe fracture. Surgeons can use it only to reconstruct non-stress bearing bone, raising the need for a tougher new generation of CPC. Fibers have been used as a reinforcement of CPC to improve the strength of a pure CPC scaffold. The RGD peptides (Arg-Gly-Asp) have been used to improve the biocompatibility of the scaffold, via physical adsorption. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel CPC scaffold reinforced by RGD peptide-bearing chitosan fibers (RGD-fiber-CPC). Our data showed that the RGD-fiber-CPC scaffold had an increased flexural strength, and stimulated new bone formation in an animal model. The RGD-fiber-CPC is a novel bone graft substitute in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
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Hou XB, Hu YC, He JQ. Isotopic tracing for calculating the surface density of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-containing peptide on allogeneic bone. Orthop Surg 2013; 5:51-5. [PMID: 23420748 DOI: 10.1111/os.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of determining the surface density of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides grafted onto allogeneic bone by an isotopic tracing method involving labeling these peptides with (125) I, evaluating the impact of the input concentration of RGD peptides on surface density and establishing the correlation between surface density and their input concentration. METHODS A synthetic RGD-containing polypeptide (EPRGDNYR) was labeled with (125) I and its specific radioactivity calculated. Reactive solutions of RGD peptide with radioactive (125) I-RGD as probe with input concentrations of 0.01 mg/mL, 0.10 mg/mL, 0.50 mg/mL, 1.00 mg/mL, 2.00 mg/mL and 4.00 mg/mL were prepared. Using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide as a cross-linking agent, reactions were induced by placing allogeneic bone fragments into reactive solutions of RGD peptide of different input concentrations. On completion of the reactions, the surface densities of RGD peptides grafted onto the allogeneic bone fragments were calculated by evaluating the radioactivity and surface areas of the bone fragments. The impact of input concentration of RGD peptides on surface density was measured and a curve constructed. RESULTS Measurements by a radiodensity γ-counter showed that the RGD peptides had been labeled successfully with (125) I. The allogeneic bone fragments were radioactive after the reaction, demonstrating that the RGD peptides had been successfully grafted onto their surfaces. It was also found that with increasing input concentration, the surface density increased. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the surface density of RGD peptides is quantitatively related to their input concentration. With increasing input concentration, the surface density gradually increases to saturation value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-bin Hou
- Department of Bone Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
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