1
|
Barlian A, Saputri DHA, Hernando A, Khoirinaya C, Prajatelistia E, Tanoto H. Spidroin striped micropattern promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4837. [PMID: 35319008 PMCID: PMC8941093 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering, particularly micropattern, can influence the biophysical properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) leading to chondrogenesis. In this research, human Wharton’s jelly MSCs (hWJ-MSCs) were grown on a striped micropattern containing spider silk protein (spidroin) from Argiope appensa. This research aims to direct hWJ-MSCs chondrogenesis using micropattern made of spidroin bioink as opposed to fibronectin that often used as the gold standard. Cells were cultured on striped micropattern of 500 µm and 1000 µm width sizes without chondrogenic differentiation medium for 21 days. The immunocytochemistry result showed that spidroin contains RGD sequences and facilitates cell adhesion via integrin β1. Chondrogenesis was observed through the expression of glycosaminoglycan, type II collagen, and SOX9. The result on glycosaminoglycan content proved that 1000 µm was the optimal width to support chondrogenesis. Spidroin micropattern induced significantly higher expression of SOX9 mRNA on day-21 and SOX9 protein was located inside the nucleus starting from day-7. COL2A1 mRNA of spidroin micropattern groups was downregulated on day-21 and collagen type II protein was detected starting from day-14. These results showed that spidroin micropattern enhances chondrogenic markers while maintains long-term upregulation of SOX9, and therefore has the potential as a new method for cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Barlian
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia. .,Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia.
| | - Dinda Hani'ah Arum Saputri
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Adriel Hernando
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Candrani Khoirinaya
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ekavianty Prajatelistia
- Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Hutomo Tanoto
- Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Viray CM, van Magill B, Zreiqat H, Ramaswamy Y. Stereolithographic Visible-Light Printing of Poly(l-glutamic acid) Hydrogel Scaffolds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1115-1131. [PMID: 35179029 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a promising fabrication technique aimed at developing biologically functional, tissue-like constructs for various biomedical applications. Among the different bioprinting approaches, vat polymerization-based techniques offer the highest feature resolution compared to more commonly used extrusion-based methods and therefore have greater potential to be utilized for printing complex hierarchical tissue architectures. Although significant efforts have been directed toward harnessing digital light processing techniques for high-resolution bioprinting, the use of stereolithography (SLA) setups for producing distinct hydrogel filaments smaller than 20 μm has received less attention. Improving the bioprinting resolution is still a technical challenge that must consider both the practical limitations of the bioprinter apparatus and the formulation of the cytocompatible bioresin. In this study, we developed a novel bioresin compatible with SLA and capable of printing high-resolution features. This resin, composed of a biosynthetic polypeptide poly(l-glutamic acid) functionalized with tyramine moieties (PLGA-Tyr), was crosslinked using a visible-light photoinitiator system. Varying concentrations of PLGA-Tyr and the co-photoinitiator were evaluated for the hydrogel system's gelation ability, swelling characteristics, degradation profiles, mechanical properties, and cell viability post-encapsulation. This study introduces a custom-built, cost-effective, visible-light SLA bioprinting system named the "MicroNC". Using the newly developed visible-light bioresin, we demonstrated for the first time the ability to fabricate hydrogel scaffolds with well-resolved filaments (less than 8 μm in width) capable of supporting cell viability and proliferation and directing cellular morphology at the single-cell level for up to 14 days. Overall, these experiments have underscored the exciting potential of using the visible-light-photoinitiated PLGA-Tyr material system for developing physiologically relevant in vitro hydrogel scaffolds with feature resolutions comparable to the dimensions of individual human cells for a wide range of biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Marie Viray
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin van Magill
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical, and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovative BioEngineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tijore A, Irvine SA, Sarig U, Mhaisalkar P, Baisane V, Venkatraman S. Contact guidance for cardiac tissue engineering using 3D bioprinted gelatin patterned hydrogel. Biofabrication 2018; 10:025003. [PMID: 29235444 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaa15d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have developed a 3D bioprinted microchanneled gelatin hydrogel that promotes human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) myocardial commitment and supports native cardiomyocytes (CMs) contractile functionality. Firstly, we studied the effect of bioprinted microchanneled hydrogel on the alignment, elongation, and differentiation of hMSC. Notably, the cells displayed well defined F-actin anisotropy and elongated morphology on the microchanneled hydrogel, hence showing the effects of topographical control over cell behavior. Furthermore, the aligned stem cells showed myocardial lineage commitment, as detected using mature cardiac markers. The fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis also confirmed a significant increase in the commitment towards myocardial tissue lineage. Moreover, seeded CMs were found to be more aligned and demonstrated synchronized beating on microchanneled hydrogel as compared to the unpatterned hydrogel. Overall, our study proved that microchanneled hydrogel scaffold produced by 3D bioprinting induces myocardial differentiation of stem cells as well as supports CMs growth and contractility. Applications of this approach may be beneficial for generating in vitro cardiac model systems to physiological and cardiotoxicity studies as well as in vivo generating custom designed cell impregnated constructs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Tijore
- Division of Materials Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chou CL, Rivera AL, Williams V, Welter JF, Mansour JM, Drazba JA, Sakai T, Baskaran H. Micrometer scale guidance of mesenchymal stem cells to form structurally oriented large-scale tissue engineered cartilage. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:210-219. [PMID: 28709984 PMCID: PMC5581212 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current clinical methods to treat articular cartilage lesions provide temporary relief of the symptoms but fail to permanently restore the damaged tissue. Tissue engineering, using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with scaffolds and bioactive factors, is viewed as a promising method for repairing cartilage injuries. However, current tissue engineered constructs display inferior mechanical properties compared to native articular cartilage, which could be attributed to the lack of structural organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of these engineered constructs in comparison to the highly oriented structure of articular cartilage ECM. We previously showed that we can guide MSCs undergoing chondrogenesis to align using microscale guidance channels on the surface of a two-dimensional (2-D) collagen scaffold, which resulted in the deposition of aligned ECM within the channels and enhanced mechanical properties of the constructs. In this study, we developed a technique to roll 2-D collagen scaffolds containing MSCs within guidance channels in order to produce a large-scale, three-dimensional (3-D) tissue engineered cartilage constructs with enhanced mechanical properties compared to current constructs. After rolling the MSC-scaffold constructs into a 3-D cylindrical structure, the constructs were cultured for 21days under chondrogenic culture conditions. The microstructure architecture and mechanical properties of the constructs were evaluated using imaging and compressive testing. Histology and immunohistochemistry of the constructs showed extensive glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II deposition. Second harmonic generation imaging and Picrosirius red staining indicated alignment of neo-collagen fibers within the guidance channels of the constructs. Mechanical testing indicated that constructs containing the guidance channels displayed enhanced compressive properties compared to control constructs without these channels. In conclusion, using a novel roll-up method, we have developed large scale MSC based tissue-engineered cartilage that shows microscale structural organization and enhanced compressive properties compared to current tissue engineered constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Tissue engineered cartilage constructs made with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), scaffolds and bioactive factors are a promising solution to treat cartilage defects. A major disadvantage of these constructs is their inferior mechanical properties compared to the native tissue, which is likely due to the lack of structural organization of the extracellular matrix of the engineered constructs. In this study, we developed three-dimensional (3-D) cartilage constructs from rectangular scaffold sheets containing hMSCs in micro-guidance channels and characterized their mechanical properties and metabolic requirements. The work led to a novel roll-up method to embed 2-D microscale structures in 3-D constructs. Further, micro-guidance channels incorporated within the 3-D cartilage constructs led to the production of aligned cell-produced matrix and enhanced mechanical function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ling Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alexander L Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Valencia Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jean F Welter
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Joseph M Mansour
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Judith A Drazba
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Takao Sakai
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harihara Baskaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Almeida HV, Sathy BN, Dudurych I, Buckley CT, O'Brien FJ, Kelly DJ. Anisotropic Shape-Memory Alginate Scaffolds Functionalized with Either Type I or Type II Collagen for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 23:55-68. [PMID: 27712409 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerating articular cartilage and fibrocartilaginous tissue such as the meniscus is still a challenge in orthopedic medicine. While a range of different scaffolds have been developed for joint repair, none have facilitated the development of a tissue that mimics the complexity of soft tissues such as articular cartilage. Furthermore, many of these scaffolds are not designed to function in mechanically challenging joint environments. The overall goal of this study was to develop a porous, biomimetic, shape-memory alginate scaffold for directing cartilage regeneration. To this end, a scaffold was designed with architectural cues to guide cellular and neo-tissue alignment, which was additionally functionalized with a range of extracellular matrix cues to direct stem cell differentiation toward the chondrogenic lineage. Shape-memory properties were introduced by covalent cross-linking alginate using carbodiimide chemistry, while the architecture of the scaffold was modified using a directional freezing technique. Introducing such an aligned pore structure was found to improve the mechanical properties of the scaffold, and promoted higher levels of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and collagen deposition compared to an isotropic (nonaligned) pore geometry when seeded with adult human stem cells. Functionalization with collagen improved stem cell recruitment into the scaffold and facilitated more homogenous cartilage tissue deposition throughout the construct. Incorporating type II collagen into the scaffolds led to greater cell proliferation, higher sGAG and collagen accumulation, and the development of a stiffer tissue compared to scaffolds functionalized with type I collagen. The results of this study demonstrate how both scaffold architecture and composition can be tailored in a shape-memory alginate scaffold to direct stem cell differentiation and support the development of complex cartilaginous tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique V Almeida
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Binulal N Sathy
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ivan Dudurych
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,3 School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor T Buckley
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,4 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin & Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,5 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- 1 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,2 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland .,4 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin & Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,5 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo L, Chu JYJ, Eswaramoorthy R, Mulhall KJ, Kelly DJ. Engineering Tissues That Mimic the Zonal Nature of Articular Cartilage Using Decellularized Cartilage Explants Seeded with Adult Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 3:1933-1943. [PMID: 33440551 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) possesses uniquely complex mechanical properties; for example its stiffness increases with depth through the tissue and it softens when compressed. These properties are integral to the function of AC and can be attributed to the tissue's collagen network and how it interacts with negatively charged proteoglycans. In this study, scaffolds containing arrays of channels were produced from decellularized AC explants derived from skeletally immature and mature pigs. These scaffolds were then repopulated with human infrapatellar fat pad derived stem cells (FPSCs). After 4 weeks in culture, FPSCs filled channels within the decellularized explants with a matrix rich in proteoglycans and collagen. Cellular and neo-matrix alignment within these scaffolds appeared to be influenced by the underlying collagen architecture of the decellularized cartilage. Repopulating scaffolds derived from decellularized skeletally mature cartilage with FPSCs led to the development of engineered cartilage with depth-dependent mechanical properties mimicking aspects of native tissue. Furthermore, these constructs displayed the characteristic strain softening behavior of AC. These findings highlight the importance of the collagen network to engineering mechanically functional cartilage grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Johnnie Y J Chu
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, No.1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - Kevin J Mulhall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Naughton Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hofmeister LH, Costa L, Balikov DA, Crowder SW, Terekhov A, Sung HJ, Hofmeister WH. Patterned polymer matrix promotes stemness and cell-cell interaction of adult stem cells. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:18. [PMID: 26464581 PMCID: PMC4603908 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interaction of stem cells with their culture substrates is critical in controlling their fate and function. Declining stemness of adult-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) during in vitro expansion on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) severely limits their therapeutic efficacy prior to cell transplantation into damaged tissues. Thus, various formats of natural and synthetic materials have been manipulated in attempts to reproduce in vivo matrix environments in which hMSCs reside. Results We developed a series of patterned polymer matrices for cell culture by hot-pressing poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) films in femtosecond laser-ablated nanopore molds, forming nanofibers on flat PCL substrates. hMSCs cultured on these PCL fiber matrices significantly increased expression of critical self-renewal factors, Nanog and OCT4A, as well as markers of cell-cell interaction PECAM and ITGA2. The results suggest the patterned polymer fiber matrix is a promising model to maintain the stemness of adult hMSCs. Conclusion This approach meets the need for scalable, highly repeatable, and tuneable models that mimic extracellular matrix features that signal for maintenance of hMSC stemness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H Hofmeister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Lino Costa
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN USA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Spencer W Crowder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Alexander Terekhov
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN USA
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - William H Hofmeister
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rivera AL, Baskaran H. The Effect of Biomolecular Gradients on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis under Shear Stress. MICROMACHINES 2015; 6:330-346. [PMID: 34026281 PMCID: PMC8138782 DOI: 10.3390/mi6030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is viewed as a promising option for long-term repair of cartilage lesions, but current engineered cartilage constructs fail to match the mechanical properties of native tissue. The extracellular matrix of adult human articular cartilage contains highly organized collagen fibrils that enhance the mechanical properties of the tissue. Unlike articular cartilage, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based tissue engineered cartilage constructs lack this oriented microstructure and therefore display much lower mechanical strength. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of biomolecular gradients and shear stress on MSCs undergoing chondrogenesis within a microfluidic device. Via poly(dimethyl siloxane) soft-lithography, microfluidic devices containing a gradient generator were created. Human MSCs were seeded within these chambers and exposed to flow-based transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gradients. When the MSCs were both confluent and exposed to shear stress, the cells aligned along the flow direction. Exposure to TGF-β1 gradients led to chondrogenesis of MSCs, indicated by positive type II collagen staining. These results, together with a previous study that showed that aligned MSCs produce aligned collagen, suggest that oriented cartilage tissue structures with superior mechanical properties can be obtained by aligning MSCs along the flow direction and exposing MSCs to chondrogenic gradients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Harihara Baskaran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-216-368-1029; Fax: +1-216-368-3016
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kamudzandu M, Yang Y, Roach P, Fricker RA. Efficient alignment of primary CNS neurites using structurally engineered surfaces and biochemical cues. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15739g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nano-structured materials were used to investigate directional alignment of primary CNS neurons (red) co-cultured with astrocytes (green).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Yang
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Keele University
- UK
| | - Paul Roach
- Guy Hilton Research Centre
- Keele University
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tuft BW, Zhang L, Xu L, Hangartner A, Leigh B, Hansen MR, Guymon CA. Material stiffness effects on neurite alignment to photopolymerized micropatterns. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3717-27. [PMID: 25211120 PMCID: PMC4195519 DOI: 10.1021/bm501019s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to direct neurite growth into a close proximity of stimulating elements of a neural prosthesis, such as a retinal or cochlear implant (CI), may enhance device performance and overcome current spatial signal resolution barriers. In this work, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), which are the target neurons to be stimulated by CIs, were cultured on photopolymerized micropatterns with varied matrix stiffnesses to determine the effect of rigidity on neurite alignment to physical cues. Micropatterns were generated on methacrylate thin film surfaces in a simple, rapid photopolymerization step by photomasking the prepolymer formulation with parallel line-space gratings. Two methacrylate series, a nonpolar HMA-co-HDDMA series and a polar PEGDMA-co-EGDMA series, with significantly different surface wetting properties were evaluated. Equivalent pattern periodicity was maintained across each methacrylate series based on photomask band spacing, and the feature amplitude was tuned to a depth of 2 μm amplitude for all compositions using the temporal control afforded by the UV curing methodology. The surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and white light interferometry. All micropatterned films adsorb similar amounts of laminin from solution, and no significant difference in SGN survival was observed when the substrate compositions were compared. SGN neurite alignment significantly increases with increasing material modulus for both methacrylate series. Interestingly, SGN neurites respond to material stiffness cues that are orders of magnitude higher (GPa) than what is typically ascribed to neural environments (kPa). The ability to understand neurite response to engineered physical cues and mechanical properties such as matrix stiffness will allow the development of advanced biomaterials that direct de novo neurite growth to address the spatial signal resolution limitations of current neural prosthetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Tuft
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raghunathan VK, Dreier B, Morgan JT, Tuyen BC, Rose BW, Reilly CM, Russell P, Murphy CJ. Involvement of YAP, TAZ and HSP90 in contact guidance and intercellular junction formation in corneal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109811. [PMID: 25290150 PMCID: PMC4188597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular environment possesses a rich milieu of biophysical and biochemical signaling cues that are simultaneously integrated by cells and influence cellular phenotype. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (WWTR1; TAZ), two important signaling molecules of the Hippo pathway, have been recently implicated as nuclear relays of cytoskeletal changes mediated by substratum rigidity and topography. These proteins intersect with other important intracellular signaling pathways (e.g. Wnt and TGFβ). In the cornea, epithelial cells adhere to the stroma through a 3-dimensional topography-rich basement membrane, with features in the nano-submicron size-scale that are capable of profoundly modulating a wide range of fundamental cell behaviors. The influences of substratum-topography, YAP/TAZ knockdown, and HSP90 inhibition on cell morphology, YAP/TAZ localization, and the expression of TGFβ2 and CTGF, were investigated. The results demonstrate (a) that knockdown of TAZ enhances contact guidance in a YAP dependent manner, (b) that CTGF is predominantly regulated by YAP and not TAZ, and (c) that TGFβ2 is regulated by both YAP and TAZ in these cells. Additionally, inhibition of HSP90 resulted in nuclear localization and subsequent transcriptional-activation of YAP, formation of cell-cell junctions and co-localization of E-cadherin and β-catenin at adherens junctions. Results presented in this study reflect the complexities underlying the molecular relationships between the cytoskeleton, growth factors, heat shock proteins, and co-activators of transcription that impact mechanotransduction. The data reveal the importance of YAP/TAZ on the cell behaviors, and gene and protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Britta Dreier
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Morgan
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Binh C. Tuyen
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Brad W. Rose
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Reilly
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Paul Russell
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gilchrist CL, Ruch DS, Little D, Guilak F. Micro-scale and meso-scale architectural cues cooperate and compete to direct aligned tissue formation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:10015-24. [PMID: 25263687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue and biomaterial microenvironments provide architectural cues that direct important cell behaviors including cell shape, alignment, migration, and resulting tissue formation. These architectural features may be presented to cells across multiple length scales, from nanometers to millimeters in size. In this study, we examined how architectural cues at two distinctly different length scales, "micro-scale" cues on the order of ∼1-2 μm, and "meso-scale" cues several orders of magnitude larger (>100 μm), interact to direct aligned neo-tissue formation. Utilizing a micro-photopatterning (μPP) model system to precisely arrange cell-adhesive patterns, we examined the effects of substrate architecture at these length scales on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) organization, gene expression, and fibrillar collagen deposition. Both micro- and meso-scale architectures directed cell alignment and resulting tissue organization, and when combined, meso cues could enhance or compete against micro-scale cues. As meso boundary aspect ratios were increased, meso-scale cues overrode micro-scale cues and controlled tissue alignment, with a characteristic critical width (∼500 μm) similar to boundary dimensions that exist in vivo in highly aligned tissues. Meso-scale cues acted via both lateral confinement (in a cell-density-dependent manner) and by permitting end-to-end cell arrangements that yielded greater fibrillar collagen deposition. Despite large differences in fibrillar collagen content and organization between μPP architectural conditions, these changes did not correspond with changes in gene expression of key matrix or tendon-related genes. These findings highlight the complex interplay between geometric cues at multiple length scales and may have implications for tissue engineering strategies, where scaffold designs that incorporate cues at multiple length scales could improve neo-tissue organization and resulting functional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David S Ruch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dianne Little
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cigognini D, Lomas A, Kumar P, Satyam A, English A, Azeem A, Pandit A, Zeugolis D. Engineering in vitro microenvironments for cell based therapies and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1099-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|