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Mao Y, Ren J, Yang L. Advances of nanomedicine in treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116637. [PMID: 37482129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease. Myocardial ischemia originated from AS is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases, one of the major factors contributing to the global disease burden. AS is typically quiescent until occurrence of plaque rupture and thrombosis, leading to acute coronary syndrome and sudden death. Currently, clinical diagnostic techniques suffer from major pitfalls including lack of accuracy and specificity, which makes it rather difficult for drugs to directly target plaques to achieve therapeutic effect. Therefore, how to accurately diagnose and effectively intervene vulnerable AS plaques to achieve accurate delivery of drugs has become an urgent and evolving clinical problem. With the rapid development of nanomedicine and nanomaterials, nanotechnology has shown unique advantages in monitoring vulnerable plaques and thrombus and improving drug efficacy. Recent studies have shown that application of nanoparticle drug delivery system can booster the safety and effectiveness of drug therapy, and molecular imaging technology and nanomedicine also exhibit high clinical application potentials in disease diagnosis. Therefore, nanotechnology provides another promising avenue for diagnosis and treatment of AS and thrombosis, and has shown excellent performance in the development of targeted drug therapy and biomaterials. In this review, the research progress, challenges and prospects of nanotechnology in AS and thrombosis are discussed, expecting to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AS and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Wei J, Zhang P, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Cui X. Neuregulin-1, a potential therapeutic target for cardiac repair. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:945206. [PMID: 36120374 PMCID: PMC9471952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.945206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NRG1 (Neuregulin-1) is an effective cardiomyocyte proliferator, secreted and released by endothelial vascular cells, and affects the cardiovascular system. It plays a major role in heart growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other cardiovascular processes. Numerous experiments have shown that NRG1 can repair the heart in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, ischemia reperfusion, heart failure, cardiomyopathy and other cardiovascular diseases. NRG1 can connect related signaling pathways through the NRG1/ErbB pathway, which form signal cascades to improve the myocardial microenvironment, such as regulating cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, necrotic apoptosis. Here, we summarize recent research advances on the molecular mechanisms of NRG1, elucidate the contribution of NRG1 to cardiovascular disease, discuss therapeutic approaches targeting NRG1 associated with cardiovascular disease, and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianliang Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Zhao, ; Xiangning Cui,
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanan Zhao, ; Xiangning Cui,
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Dellaquila A, Le Bao C, Letourneur D, Simon‐Yarza T. In Vitro Strategies to Vascularize 3D Physiologically Relevant Models. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100798. [PMID: 34351702 PMCID: PMC8498873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization of 3D models represents a major challenge of tissue engineering and a key prerequisite for their clinical and industrial application. The use of prevascularized models built from dedicated materials could solve some of the actual limitations, such as suboptimal integration of the bioconstructs within the host tissue, and would provide more in vivo-like perfusable tissue and organ-specific platforms. In the last decade, the fabrication of vascularized physiologically relevant 3D constructs has been attempted by numerous tissue engineering strategies, which are classified here in microfluidic technology, 3D coculture models, namely, spheroids and organoids, and biofabrication. In this review, the recent advancements in prevascularization techniques and the increasing use of natural and synthetic materials to build physiological organ-specific models are discussed. Current drawbacks of each technology, future perspectives, and translation of vascularized tissue constructs toward clinics, pharmaceutical field, and industry are also presented. By combining complementary strategies, these models are envisioned to be successfully used for regenerative medicine and drug development in a near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dellaquila
- Université de ParisINSERM U1148X Bichat HospitalParisF‐75018France
- Elvesys Microfluidics Innovation CenterParis75011France
- Biomolecular PhotonicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of BielefeldBielefeld33615Germany
| | - Chau Le Bao
- Université de ParisINSERM U1148X Bichat HospitalParisF‐75018France
- Université Sorbonne Paris NordGalilée InstituteVilletaneuseF‐93430France
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Goonoo N, Boodhun A, Ziman M, Gray E, Bhaw-Luximon A. Repurposing nano-enabled polymeric scaffolds for tumor-wound management and 3D tumor engineering. Regen Med 2020; 15:2229-2247. [PMID: 33284640 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The main challenges of cancer drugs are toxicity, effect on wound healing/patient outcome and in vivo instability. Polymeric scaffolds have been used separately for tissue regeneration in wound healing and as anticancer drug releasing devices. Bringing these two together in bifunctional scaffolds can provide a tool for postoperative local tumor management by promoting healthy tissue regrowth and to deliver anticancer drugs. Another addition to the versatility of polymeric scaffold is its recently discovered ability to act as 3D cell culture models for in vitro isolation and amplification of cancer cells for personalized drug screening and to recapitulate the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the repurposing of 3D polymeric scaffolds for local tumor-wound management and development of in vitro cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowsheen Goonoo
- Biomaterials Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical & Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, 80837 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Ajmal Boodhun
- Biomaterials Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical & Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, 80837 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Melanie Ziman
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Elin Gray
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- Biomaterials Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical & Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, 80837 Réduit, Mauritius
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Wang X, Wang L, Wu Q, Bao F, Yang H, Qiu X, Chang J. Chitosan/Calcium Silicate Cardiac Patch Stimulates Cardiomyocyte Activity and Myocardial Performance after Infarction by Synergistic Effect of Bioactive Ions and Aligned Nanostructure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1449-1468. [PMID: 30543278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) remains a great challenge to construct a cell-inductive scaffold that has positive effects on cardiac cell behaviors and cardiac tissue repair. In this study, we for the first time demonstrated that Si ions evidently stimulated the expression of cardiac-specific genes and proliferation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) at concentration ranges of 0.13-10.78 ppm. Accordingly, the optimized concentrations of calcium silicate (CS) were incorporated into the controllable aligned chitosan electrospun nanofibers, constructing the composite cardiac patch scaffolds. These scaffolds showed synergistic effect of bioactive chemical and structural signals on both cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells with aligned cell morphology and enhanced viability and function characterized by upregulated expressions of cardiac and angiogenic specific markers, improved myofilament structure, and better Ca2+ transients of NRCMs as compared to the scaffolds free of CS component or with disordered structures. The in vivo studies further demonstrated that the NRCM-seeded aligned CS/chitosan cardiac patch evidently improved cardiac function via limiting the scar area and promoting angiogenesis in postmyocardial infarction rats. Conclusively, our study highlights the potential application of bioactive ions and nanostructured biomaterials in CTE, and the CS/chitosan composite cardiac patch may be a promising scaffold for repair of infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Leyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, School of Biomedical Engineering , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment & Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health , Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS , Shanghai 200031 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100101 , P. R. China
| | - Feng Bao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Huangtian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment & Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health , Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS , Shanghai 200031 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100101 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, School of Biomedical Engineering , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou 510515 , Guangdong , P. R. China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100101 , P. R. China
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Li T, Liang W, Xiao X, Qian Y. Nanotechnology, an alternative with promising prospects and advantages for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7349-7362. [PMID: 30519019 PMCID: PMC6233477 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s179678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most important causes of mortality and affecting the health status of patients. At the same time, CVDs cause a huge health and economic burden to the whole world. Although a variety of therapeutic drugs and measures have been produced to delay the progress of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients, most of the traditional therapeutic strategies can only cure the symptoms and cannot repair or regenerate the damaged ischemic myocardium. In addition, they may bring some unpleasant side effects. Therefore, it is vital to find and explore new technologies and drugs to solve the shortcomings of conventional treatments. Nanotechnology is a new way of using and manipulating the matter at the molecular scale, whose functional organization is measured in nanometers. Because nanoscale phenomena play an important role in cell signal transduction, enzyme action and cell cycle, nanotechnology is closely related to medical research. The application of nanotechnology in the field of medicine provides an alternative and novel direction for the treatment of CVDs, and shows excellent performance in the field of targeted drug therapy and the development of biomaterials. This review will briefly introduce the latest applications of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of common CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Weitao Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Xijun Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Yongjun Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
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Goonoo N. Modulating Immunological Responses of Electrospun Fibers for Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700093. [PMID: 32646177 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The promise of tissue engineering is to improve or restore functions of impaired tissues or organs. However, one of the biggest challenges to its translation to clinical applications is the lack of tissue integration and functionality. The plethora of cellular and molecular events occurring following scaffold implantation is a major bottleneck. Recent studies confirmed that inflammation is a crucial component influencing tissue regeneration. Immuno-modulation or immune-engineering has been proposed as a potential solution to overcome this key challenge in regenerative medicine. In this review, strategies to modify scaffold physicochemical properties through the use of the electrospinning technique to modulate host response and improve scaffold integration will be discussed. Electrospinning, being highly versatile allows the fabrication of ECM-mimicking scaffolds and also offers the possibility to control scaffold properties for instance, tailoring of fiber properties, chemical conjugation or physical adsorption of non-immunogenic materials on the scaffold surface, encapsulating cells or anti-inflammatory molecules within the scaffold. Such electrospun scaffold-based immune-engineering strategies can significantly improve the resulting outcomes of tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowsheen Goonoo
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ), University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany.,Biomaterials, Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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8
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Hydrogel based approaches for cardiac tissue engineering. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:454-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Tonazzini I, Moffa M, Pisignano D, Cecchini M. Neuregulin 1 functionalization of organic fibers for Schwann cell guidance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:155303. [PMID: 28303795 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The repair of peripheral nerve lesions is a clinical problem where the functional recovery is often far from being satisfactory, although peripheral nerves generally retain good potential for regeneration. Here, we develop a novel scaffold approach based on bioactive fibers of poly(ε-caprolactone) where nanotopographical guidance and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) cues are combined. We interface them with rat primary Schwann cells (SCs), the peripheral glial cells that drive initial regeneration of injured nerves, and found that the combination of NRG1 with parallel nano-fibrous topographies is effective in improving SC growth up to 72 h, alignment to fiber topography, and bipolar differentiation, opening original perspectives for nerve repair applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tonazzini
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, Pisa I-56127, Italy. Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, Piazza Velasca 5, Milan I-20122, Italy
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Transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells combined with neuregulin-microparticles promotes efficient cardiac repair in a rat myocardial infarction model. J Control Release 2017; 249:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kitsara M, Agbulut O, Kontziampasis D, Chen Y, Menasché P. Fibers for hearts: A critical review on electrospinning for cardiac tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:20-40. [PMID: 27826001 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cell therapy holds a real promise for improving heart function and especially of the chronically failing myocardium. Embedding cells into 3D biodegradable scaffolds may better preserve cell survival and enhance cell engraftment after transplantation, consequently improving cardiac cell therapy compared with direct intramyocardial injection of isolated cells. The primary objective of a scaffold used in tissue engineering is the recreation of the natural 3D environment most suitable for an adequate tissue growth. An important aspect of this commitment is to mimic the fibrillar structure of the extracellular matrix, which provides essential guidance for cell organization, survival, and function. Recent advances in nanotechnology have significantly improved our capacities to mimic the extracellular matrix. Among them, electrospinning is well known for being easy to process and cost effective. Consequently, it is becoming increasingly popular for biomedical applications and it is most definitely the cutting edge technique to make scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix for industrial applications. Here, the desirable physico-chemical properties of the electrospun scaffolds for cardiac therapy are described, and polymers are categorized to natural and synthetic.Moreover, the methods used for improving functionalities by providing cells with the necessary chemical cues and a more in vivo-like environment are reported.
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Amezcua R, Shirolkar A, Fraze C, Stout DA. Nanomaterials for Cardiac Myocyte Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 6:E133. [PMID: 28335261 PMCID: PMC5224604 DOI: 10.3390/nano6070133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Since their synthesizing introduction to the research community, nanomaterials have infiltrated almost every corner of science and engineering. Over the last decade, one such field has begun to look at using nanomaterials for beneficial applications in tissue engineering, specifically, cardiac tissue engineering. During a myocardial infarction, part of the cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is deprived of blood. Therefore, the lack of oxygen destroys cardiomyocytes, leaving dead tissue and possibly resulting in the development of arrhythmia, ventricular remodeling, and eventual heart failure. Scarred cardiac muscle results in heart failure for millions of heart attack survivors worldwide. Modern cardiac tissue engineering research has developed nanomaterial applications to combat heart failure, preserve normal heart tissue, and grow healthy myocardium around the infarcted area. This review will discuss the recent progress of nanomaterials for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications through three main nanomaterial approaches: scaffold designs, patches, and injectable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Amezcua
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Ajay Shirolkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Carolyn Fraze
- Deparment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University-Idaho, Rexburg, ID 83460, USA.
| | - David A Stout
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
- International Research Center for Translational Orthopaedics, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Fabrication of functional PLGA-based electrospun scaffolds and their applications in biomedical engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 59:1181-1194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pascual-Gil S, Garbayo E, Díaz-Herráez P, Prosper F, Blanco-Prieto M. Heart regeneration after myocardial infarction using synthetic biomaterials. J Control Release 2015; 203:23-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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