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Yang T, Wang W, Xie L, Chen S, Ye X, Shen S, Chen H, Qi L, Cui Z, Xiong W, Guo Y, Chen J. Investigating retinal explant models cultured in static and perfused systems to test the performance of exosomes secreted from retinal organoids. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110181. [PMID: 38823594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ex vivo cultures of retinal explants are appropriate models for translational research. However, one of the difficult problems of retinal explants ex vivo culture is that their nutrient supply needs cannot be constantly met. NEW METHOD This study evaluated the effect of perfused culture on the survival of retinal explants, addressing the challenge of insufficient nutrition in static culture. Furthermore, exosomes secreted from retinal organoids (RO-Exos) were stained with PKH26 to track their uptake in retinal explants to mimic the efficacy of exosomal drugs in vivo. RESULTS We found that the retinal explants cultured with perfusion exhibited significantly higher viability, increased NeuN+ cells, and reduced apoptosis compared to the static culture group at Days Ex Vivo (DEV) 4, 7, and 14. The perfusion-cultured retinal explants exhibited reduced mRNA markers for gliosis and microglial activation, along with lower expression of GFAP and Iba1, as revealed by immunostaining. Additionally, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that perfusion culture mainly upregulated genes associated with visual perception and photoreceptor cell maintenance while downregulating the immune system process and immune response. RO-Exos promoted the uptake of PKH26-labelled exosomes and the growth of retinal explants in perfusion culture. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our perfusion culture system can provide a continuous supply of culture medium to achieve steady-state equilibrium in retinal explant culture. Compared to traditional static culture, it better preserves the vitality, provides better neuroprotection, and reduces glial activation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a promising ex vivo model for further studies on degenerative retinal diseases and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Kurzawa-Akanbi M, Tzoumas N, Corral-Serrano JC, Guarascio R, Steel DH, Cheetham ME, Armstrong L, Lako M. Pluripotent stem cell-derived models of retinal disease: Elucidating pathogenesis, evaluating novel treatments, and estimating toxicity. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101248. [PMID: 38369182 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Blindness poses a growing global challenge, with approximately 26% of cases attributed to degenerative retinal diseases. While gene therapy, optogenetic tools, photosensitive switches, and retinal prostheses offer hope for vision restoration, these high-cost therapies will benefit few patients. Understanding retinal diseases is therefore key to advance effective treatments, requiring in vitro models replicating pathology and allowing quantitative assessments for drug discovery. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) provide a unique solution given their limitless supply and ability to differentiate into light-responsive retinal tissues encompassing all cell types. This review focuses on the history and current state of photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell generation from PSCs. We explore the applications of this technology in disease modelling, experimental therapy testing, biomarker identification, and toxicity studies. We consider challenges in scalability, standardisation, and reproducibility, and stress the importance of incorporating vasculature and immune cells into retinal organoids. We advocate for high-throughput automation in data acquisition and analyses and underscore the value of advanced micro-physiological systems that fully capture the interactions between the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris.
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3
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Vincent PF, Young ED, Edge AS, Glowatzki E. Auditory Hair Cells and Spiral Ganglion Neurons Regenerate Synapses with Refined Release Properties In Vitro. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.05.561095. [PMID: 38076928 PMCID: PMC10705289 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.05.561095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribbon synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the inner ear are damaged by noise trauma and with aging, causing 'synaptopathy 'and hearing loss. Co-cultures of neonatal denervated organs of Corti and newly introduced SGNs have been developed to find strategies for improving IHC synapse regeneration, but evidence of the physiological normality of regenerated synapses is missing. This study utilizes IHC optogenetic stimulation and SGN recordings, showing that newly formed IHC synapses are indeed functional, exhibiting glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents. When older organs of Corti were plated, synaptic activity probed by deconvolution, showed more mature release properties, closer to the highly specialized mode of IHC synaptic transmission that is crucial for coding the sound signal. This newly developed functional assessment of regenerated IHC synapses provides a powerful tool for testing approaches to improve synapse regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe F.Y. Vincent
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eric D. Young
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Albert S.B. Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisabeth Glowatzki
- The Center for Hearing and Balance, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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4
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Singh D, Chen X, Xia T, Ghiassi-Nejad M, Tainsh L, Adelman RA, Rizzolo LJ. Partially Differentiated Neuroretinal Cells Promote Maturation of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:9. [PMID: 33151282 PMCID: PMC7671856 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Many studies have demonstrated the ability of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to foster the maturation of the developing retina. Few studies have examined the reciprocal effects of developing retina on the RPE. Methods RPE isolated from human fetal RPE or differentiated from human stem cells was cultured on Transwell filter inserts. Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) were differentiated from human stem cells and cultured on a planar scaffold composed of gelatin, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, and laminin-521. Cultures were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Results RPCs initially differentiated into several retina-like cell types that segregated from one another and formed loosely organized layers or zones. With time, the presumptive photoreceptor and ganglion cell layers persisted, but the intervening zone became dominated by cells that expressed glial markers with no evidence of bipolar cells or interneurons. Co-culture of this underdeveloped retinoid with the RPE resulted in a thickened layer of recoverin-positive cells but did not prevent the loss of interneuron markers in the intervening zone. Although photoreceptor inner and outer segments were not observed, immunoblots revealed that co-culture increased expression of rhodopsin and red/green opsin. Co-culture of the RPE with this underdeveloped retinal culture increased the TER of the RPE and the expression of RPE signature genes. Conclusions These studies indicated that an immature neurosensory retina can foster maturation of the RPE; however, the ability of RPE alone to foster maturation of the neurosensory retina is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Singh
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tina Xia
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Maryam Ghiassi-Nejad
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Laurel Tainsh
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Ron A Adelman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lawrence J Rizzolo
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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5
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Ghareeb AE, Lako M, Steel DH. Coculture techniques for modeling retinal development and disease, and enabling regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1531-1548. [PMID: 32767661 PMCID: PMC7695644 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell‐derived retinal organoids offer the opportunity to cure retinal degeneration of wide‐ranging etiology either through the study of in vitro models or the generation of tissue for transplantation. However, despite much work in animals and several human pilot studies, satisfactory therapies have not been developed. Two major challenges for retinal regenerative medicine are (a) physical cell‐cell interactions, which are critical to graft function, are not formed and (b) the host environment does not provide suitable queues for development. Several strategies offer to improve the delivery, integration, maturation, and functionality of cell transplantation. These include minimally invasive delivery, biocompatible material vehicles, retinal cell sheets, and optogenetics. Optimizing several variables in animal models is practically difficult, limited by anatomical and disease pathology which is often different to humans, and faces regulatory and ethical challenges. High‐throughput methods are needed to experimentally optimize these variables. Retinal organoids will be important to the success of these models. In their current state, they do not incorporate a representative retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)‐photoreceptor interface nor vascular elements, which influence the neural retina phenotype directly and are known to be dysfunctional in common retinal diseases such as age‐related macular degeneration. Advanced coculture techniques, which emulate the RPE‐photoreceptor and RPE‐Bruch's‐choriocapillaris interactions, can incorporate disease‐specific, human retinal organoids and overcome these drawbacks. Herein, we review retinal coculture models of the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris. We delineate the scientific need for such systems in the study of retinal organogenesis, disease modeling, and the optimization of regenerative cell therapies for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Ghareeb
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - David H Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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6
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Novikova YP, Poplinskaya VA, Grigoryan EN. Organotypic Culturing as a Way to Study Recovery Opportunities of the Eye Retina in Vertebrates and Humans. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Phenotypic Differences in Primary Murine Microglia Treated with NOD1, NOD2, and NOD1/2 Agonists. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:600-609. [PMID: 31907866 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was studying the influence of different NOD agonists on the morphological phenotype of primary murine microglia and to examine their influence on characteristic cytokines. Primary CD11b-positive cells were isolated from the brain of neonatal mice. The microglial phenotype of the cells was examined by ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba)1 staining. After14 days in culture, these cells were stimulated by iE-DAP, L18-MDP, or M-TriDAP as NOD1, NOD2, and NOD1/2 agonists, respectively. The cellular morphology was recorded and compared to the phenotype of cells cultured in medium alone or after LPS stimulation. The cells developed a specific phenotype only after treatment with the NOD2 agonist L18-MDP. These cells were characterized by straight extensions carrying tiny spikes and had a high ramification index. This was in sharp contrast to all other treatments, which always resulted in an amoeboid phenotype typically shown by activated microglia in vivo and by cultured microglia in vitro. The staining intensity of IL-6 and TNF-α did not reveal any clear difference independent of the NOD agonist treatment. In contrast, an increased staining intensity was observed for IL-10 after L18-MDP treatment. The NOD2 agonist L18-MDP induced a morphologically distinct phenotype characterized by microspike-decorated dendritiform extensions and a high degree of ramification in primary murine microglia. Increased ramification index and elevated staining intensity of anti-inflammatory IL-10 as hallmarks suggest that a M2-like phenotype of microglia was induced.
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8
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Murali A, Ramlogan-Steel CA, Steel JC, Layton CJ. Characterisation and validation of the 8-fold quadrant dissected human retinal explant culture model for pre-clinical toxicology investigation. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104716. [PMID: 31706033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in studying ocular toxicology is a lack of clinically-relevant retinal experimental models. In this study we describe the use of an in vitro human retinal explant strategy to generate a reproducible experimental model with utility in neuro-toxicity retinal studies. A retinal dissection strategy, referred to as the 8 fold quadrant dissection, was developed by dissecting human donor retinas into 4 fragments through the fovea in order to obtain 8 experimentally reproducible retinal explants from a single donor. This quadrant dissection gave rise to equivalent proportions of CD73+ photoreceptors and CD90+ ganglion cells in 8 fragments from a single donor and this remained stable for up to 3 days in culture. Major retinal cell types continued to be observed after 8 weeks in culture, despite breakdown of the retinal layers, suggesting the potential to use this model in long-term studies where observation of individual cell types is possible. The utility of this system was examined in a proof of principle neuro-toxicology study. We showed reproducible induction of toxicity in photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells by glutamate, cobalt chloride and hydrogen peroxide insults, and observed the therapeutic positive effects of the administration of memantine, formononetin and trolox. The quadrant dissected human retinal explants have the potential to be used in toxicology studies in human ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Murali
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Greenslopes Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Greenslopes Hospital, Australia
| | - Charmaine A Ramlogan-Steel
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason C Steel
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Layton
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Greenslopes Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Greenslopes Hospital, Australia.
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9
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An optimized protocol for generating labeled and transplantable photoreceptor precursors from human embryonic stem cells. Exp Eye Res 2019; 180:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Murali A, Ramlogan-Steel CA, Andrzejewski S, Steel JC, Layton CJ. Retinal explant culture: A platform to investigate human neuro-retina. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 47:274-285. [PMID: 30378239 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The retina is the tissue responsible for light detection, in which retinal neurons convert light energy into electrical signals to be transported towards the visual cortex. Damage of retinal neurons leads to neuronal cell death and retinal pathologies, compromising visual acuity and eventually leading to irreversible blindness. Models of retinal neurodegeneration include 2D systems like cell lines, disassociated cultures and co-cultures, and 3D models like organoids, organotypic retinal cultures and animal models. Of these, ex vivo human retinal cultures are arguably the most suitable models for translational research as they retain complex inter-cellular interactions of the retina and precisely mimic in-situ responses. In this review, we summarize the distinguishing features of the human retina which are important to preserve in experimental culture, the historical development of human retinal culture systems, the factors affecting ex vivo human retinal culture and the applications and challenges associated with current methods of human retinal explant culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Murali
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charmaine A Ramlogan-Steel
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Slawomir Andrzejewski
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason C Steel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J Layton
- LVF Ophthalmology Research Centre, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Greenslopes Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Seiler MJ. hESC-derived photoreceptors survive and integrate better in immunodeficient retina. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:70. [PMID: 28920063 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.08.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene J Seiler
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, USA
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12
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Kaewkhaw R, Swaroop M, Homma K, Nakamura J, Brooks M, Kaya KD, Chaitankar V, Michael S, Tawa G, Zou J, Rao M, Zheng W, Cogliati T, Swaroop A. Treatment Paradigms for Retinal and Macular Diseases Using 3-D Retina Cultures Derived From Human Reporter Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:ORSFl1-ORSFl11. [PMID: 27116668 PMCID: PMC4855830 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-17639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We discuss the use of pluripotent stem cell lines carrying fluorescent reporters driven by retinal promoters to derive three-dimensional (3-D) retina in culture and how this system can be exploited for elucidating human retinal biology, creating disease models in a dish, and designing targeted drug screens for retinal and macular degeneration. Furthermore, we realize that stem cell investigations are labor-intensive and require extensive resources. To expedite scientific discovery by sharing of resources and to avoid duplication of efforts, we propose the formation of a Retinal Stem Cell Consortium. In the field of vision, such collaborative approaches have been enormously successful in elucidating genetic susceptibility associated with age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossukon Kaewkhaw
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 2Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manju Swaroop
- National Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Kohei Homma
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jutaro Nakamura
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Matthew Brooks
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Koray Dogan Kaya
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Vijender Chaitankar
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Sam Michael
- National Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Gregory Tawa
- National Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Mahendra Rao
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States
| | - Tiziana Cogliati
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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13
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Tang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Shen B, Luo M, Gu P. Progress of stem/progenitor cell-based therapy for retinal degeneration. J Transl Med 2017; 15:99. [PMID: 28486987 PMCID: PMC5424366 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration (RD), such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa, is one of the leading causes of blindness. Presently, no satisfactory therapeutic options are available for these diseases principally because the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) do not regenerate, although wet AMD can be prevented from further progression by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Nevertheless, stem/progenitor cell approaches exhibit enormous potential for RD treatment using strategies mainly aimed at the rescue and replacement of photoreceptors and RPE. The sources of stem/progenitor cells are classified into two broad categories in this review, which are (1) ocular-derived progenitor cells, such as retinal progenitor cells, and (2) non-ocular-derived stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. Here, we discuss in detail the progress in the study of four predominant stem/progenitor cell types used in animal models of RD. A short overview of clinical trials involving the stem/progenitor cells is also presented. Currently, stem/progenitor cell therapies for RD still have some drawbacks such as inhibited proliferation and/or differentiation in vitro (with the exception of the RPE) and limited long-term survival and function of grafts in vivo. Despite these challenges, stem/progenitor cells represent the most promising strategy for RD treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqiao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Seiler MJ, Lin RE, McLelland BT, Mathur A, Lin B, Sigman J, De Guzman AT, Kitzes LM, Aramant RB, Thomas BB. Vision Recovery and Connectivity by Fetal Retinal Sheet Transplantation in an Immunodeficient Retinal Degenerate Rat Model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:614-630. [PMID: 28129425 PMCID: PMC6020716 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.15-19028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize a recently developed model, the retinal degenerate immunodeficient S334ter line-3 rat (SD-Foxn1 Tg(S334ter)3Lav) (RD nude rat), and to test whether transplanted rat fetal retinal sheets can elicit lost responses to light. Methods National Institutes of Health nude rats (SD-Foxn1 Tg) with normal retina were compared to RD nude rats with and without transplant for morphology and visual function. Retinal sheets from transgenic rats expressing human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPAP) were transplanted into the subretinal space of RD nude rats between postnatal day (P) 26 and P38. Transplant morphology was examined in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Visual function was assessed by optokinetic (OKN) testing, electroretinogram (ERG), and superior colliculus (SC) electrophysiology. Cryostat sections were analyzed for various retinal/synaptic markers and for the expression of donor hPAP. Results Optical coherence tomography scans showed the placement and laminar development of retinal sheet transplants in the subretinal space. Optokinetic testing demonstrated a deficit in visual acuity in RD nude rats that was improved after retinal sheet transplantation. No ERG responses were detected in the RD nude rats with or without transplantation. Superior colliculus responses were absent in age-matched control and sham surgery RD nude rats; however, robust light-evoked responses were observed in a specific location in the SC of transplanted RD nude rats. Responsive regions corresponded to the area of transplant placement in the eye. The quality of visual responses correlated with transplant organization and placement. Conclusions The data suggest that retinal sheet transplants integrate into the host retina of RD nude rats and recover significant visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene J. Seiler
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Robert E. Lin
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Bryce T. McLelland
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Anuradha Mathur
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Bin Lin
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Jaclyn Sigman
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Alexander T. De Guzman
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Leonard M. Kitzes
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Robert B. Aramant
- Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Biju B. Thomas
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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15
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Rahn C, Marti H, Frohns A, Frohns F, Blenn C, Leonard CA, Barisani-Asenbauer T, Stein E, Borel N. Water-filtered infrared A reduces chlamydial infectivity in vitro without causing ex vivo eye damage in pig and mouse models. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 165:340-350. [PMID: 27838487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Repeated ocular infections with Chlamydia trachomatis trigger the development of trachoma, the most common cause of infectious blindness worldwide. Water-filtered infrared A (wIRA) has shown positive effects on cultured cells and human skin. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of wIRA as a possible non-chemical treatment for trachoma patients. We both modeled ocular chlamydial infections using C. trachomatis B to infect human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCjE) and studied the effects of wIRA on non-infected ocular structures with two ex vivo eye models. We focused on the temperature development during wIRA irradiation in cell culture and perfused pig eyes to exclude potentially harmful side effects. Furthermore, cell viability of HCjE and cytotoxicity in mouse retina explants was analyzed. We demonstrated a significant wIRA-dependent reduction of chlamydial infectivity in HCjE cells. Moreover, we observed that wIRA treatment of HCjE prior to infection was sufficient to inhibit chlamydial infectivity and that visible light enhances the effect of wIRA. Irradiation did not reduce cell viability and there was no indication of retinal damage post treatment. Additionally, temperatures during wIRA exposure did not markedly exceed physiological eye temperatures, suggesting that hyperthermia-related lesions are unlikely. For clinical applications, further exploration of wIRA as a non-chemical treatment device in an experimental animal model is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Rahn
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Hanna Marti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Antonia Frohns
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Florian Frohns
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Christian Blenn
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Cory Ann Leonard
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Elisabeth Stein
- Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nicole Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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16
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Yanai A, Viringipurampeer IA, Bashar E, Gregory-Evans K. Anti-ageing glycoprotein promotes long-term survival of transplanted neurosensory precursor cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2658-2662. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Ishaq A. Viringipurampeer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Emran Bashar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Kevin Gregory-Evans
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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