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Chen H, Zhang B, Huang J. Recent advances and applications of artificial intelligence in 3D bioprinting. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:031301. [PMID: 39036708 PMCID: PMC11260195 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting techniques enable the precise deposition of living cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules, emerging as a promising approach for engineering functional tissues and organs. Meanwhile, recent advances in 3D bioprinting enable researchers to build in vitro models with finely controlled and complex micro-architecture for drug screening and disease modeling. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to different stages of 3D bioprinting, including medical image reconstruction, bioink selection, and printing process, with both classical AI and machine learning approaches. The ability of AI to handle complex datasets, make complex computations, learn from past experiences, and optimize processes dynamically makes it an invaluable tool in advancing 3D bioprinting. The review highlights the current integration of AI in 3D bioprinting and discusses future approaches to harness the synergistic capabilities of 3D bioprinting and AI for developing personalized tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Makode S, Maurya S, Niknam SA, Mollocana-Lara E, Jaberi K, Faramarzi N, Tamayol A, Mortazavi M. Three dimensional (bio)printing of blood vessels: from vascularized tissues to functional arteries. Biofabrication 2024; 16:022005. [PMID: 38277671 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad22ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as a strategy for producing functional tissues and organs to treat diseases and injuries. Many chronic conditions directly or indirectly affect normal blood vessel functioning, necessary for material exchange and transport through the body and within tissue-engineered constructs. The interest in vascular tissue engineering is due to two reasons: (1) functional grafts can be used to replace diseased blood vessels, and (2) engineering effective vasculature within other engineered tissues enables connection with the host's circulatory system, supporting their survival. Among various practices, (bio)printing has emerged as a powerful tool to engineer biomimetic constructs. This has been made possible with precise control of cell deposition and matrix environment along with the advancements in biomaterials. (Bio)printing has been used for both engineering stand-alone vascular grafts as well as vasculature within engineered tissues for regenerative applications. In this review article, we discuss various conditions associated with blood vessels, the need for artificial blood vessels, the anatomy and physiology of different blood vessels, available 3D (bio)printing techniques to fabricate tissue-engineered vascular grafts and vasculature in scaffolds, and the comparison among the different techniques. We conclude our review with a brief discussion about future opportunities in the area of blood vessel tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Makode
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Satyajit Maurya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed A Niknam
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Mollocana-Lara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Kiana Jaberi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Faramarzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, United States of America
| | - Mehdi Mortazavi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, United States of America
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Tripathi S, Mandal SS, Bauri S, Maiti P. 3D bioprinting and its innovative approach for biomedical applications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e194. [PMID: 36582305 PMCID: PMC9790048 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting or additive manufacturing is an emerging innovative technology revolutionizing the field of biomedical applications by combining engineering, manufacturing, art, education, and medicine. This process involved incorporating the cells with biocompatible materials to design the required tissue or organ model in situ for various in vivo applications. Conventional 3D printing is involved in constructing the model without incorporating any living components, thereby limiting its use in several recent biological applications. However, this uses additional biological complexities, including material choice, cell types, and their growth and differentiation factors. This state-of-the-art technology consciously summarizes different methods used in bioprinting and their importance and setbacks. It also elaborates on the concept of bioinks and their utility. Biomedical applications such as cancer therapy, tissue engineering, bone regeneration, and wound healing involving 3D printing have gained much attention in recent years. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of all the aspects associated with 3D bioprinting, from material selection, technology, and fabrication to applications in the biomedical fields. Attempts have been made to highlight each element in detail, along with the associated available reports from recent literature. This review focuses on providing a single platform for cancer and tissue engineering applications associated with 3D bioprinting in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swikriti Tripathi
- School of Material Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
| | - Subham Shekhar Mandal
- School of Material Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
| | - Sudepta Bauri
- School of Material Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Material Science and TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)VaranasiIndia
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Laser Bioprinting of Cells Using UV and Visible Wavelengths: A Comparative DNA Damage Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080378. [PMID: 36004903 PMCID: PMC9405344 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-based techniques for printing cells onto different substrates with high precision and resolution present unique opportunities for contributing to a wide range of biomedical applications, including tissue engineering. In this study, laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) printing was employed to rapidly and accurately deposit patterns of cancer cells in a non-contact manner, using two different wavelengths, 532 and 355 nm. To evaluate the effect of LIFT on the printed cells, their growth and DNA damage profiles were assessed and evaluated quantitatively over several days. The damaging effect of LIFT-printing was thoroughly investigated, for the first time at a single cell level, by counting individual double strand breaks (DSB). Overall, we found that LIFT was able to safely print patterns of breast cancer cells with high viability with little or no heat or shear damage to the cells, as indicated by unperturbed growth and negligible gross DNA damage.
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Li J, Kim C, Pan CC, Babian A, Lui E, Young JL, Moeinzadeh S, Kim S, Yang YP. Hybprinting for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. iScience 2022; 25:104229. [PMID: 35494239 PMCID: PMC9051619 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents bioprinting methods, biomaterials, and printing strategies that may be used for composite tissue constructs for musculoskeletal applications. The printing methods discussed include those that are suitable for acellular and cellular components, and the biomaterials include soft and rigid components that are suitable for soft and/or hard tissues. We also present strategies that focus on the integration of cell-laden soft and acellular rigid components under a single printing platform. Given the structural and functional complexity of native musculoskeletal tissue, we envision that hybrid bioprinting, referred to as hybprinting, could provide unprecedented potential by combining different materials and bioprinting techniques to engineer and assemble modular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi-Chun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Babian
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Elaine Lui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, 416 Escondido Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Young
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sungwoo Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive BMI 258, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Ghelich P, Kazemzadeh-Narbat M, Najafabadi AH, Samandari M, Memic A, Tamayol A. (Bio)manufactured Solutions for Treatment of Bone Defects with Emphasis on US-FDA Regulatory Science Perspective. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022; 2:2100073. [PMID: 35935166 PMCID: PMC9355310 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects, with second highest demand for surgeries around the globe, may lead to serious health issues and negatively influence patient lives. The advances in biomedical engineering and sciences have led to the development of several creative solutions for bone defect treatment. This review provides a brief summary of bone graft materials, an organized overview of top-down and bottom-up (bio)manufacturing approaches, plus a critical comparison between advantages and limitations of each method. We specifically discuss additive manufacturing techniques and their operation mechanisms in detail. Next, we review the hybrid methods and promising future directions for bone grafting, while giving a comprehensive US-FDA regulatory science perspective, biocompatibility concepts and assessments, and clinical considerations to translate a technology from a research laboratory to the market. The topics covered in this review could potentially fuel future research efforts in bone tissue engineering, and perhaps could also provide novel insights for other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Ghelich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030, USA
| | | | | | - Mohamadmahdi Samandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030, USA
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, 06030, USA
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Fatimi A, Okoro OV, Podstawczyk D, Siminska-Stanny J, Shavandi A. Natural Hydrogel-Based Bio-Inks for 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering: A Review. Gels 2022; 8:179. [PMID: 35323292 PMCID: PMC8948717 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is well acknowledged to constitute an important technology in tissue engineering, largely due to the increasing global demand for organ replacement and tissue regeneration. In 3D bioprinting, which is a step ahead of 3D biomaterial printing, the ink employed is impregnated with cells, without compromising ink printability. This allows for immediate scaffold cellularization and generation of complex structures. The use of cell-laden inks or bio-inks provides the opportunity for enhanced cell differentiation for organ fabrication and regeneration. Recognizing the importance of such bio-inks, the current study comprehensively explores the state of the art of the utilization of bio-inks based on natural polymers (biopolymers), such as cellulose, agarose, alginate, decellularized matrix, in 3D bioprinting. Discussions regarding progress in bioprinting, techniques and approaches employed in the bioprinting of natural polymers, and limitations and prospects concerning future trends in human-scale tissue and organ fabrication are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fatimi
- Department of Chemistry, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592 Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
- ERSIC, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, P.O. Box 592 Mghila, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (O.V.O.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Daria Podstawczyk
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Julia Siminska-Stanny
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (O.V.O.); (J.S.-S.)
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (O.V.O.); (J.S.-S.)
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Qiao H, Zheng K. Three-Dimensional Printing to Build Fibrous Protein Architectures. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2347:177-189. [PMID: 34472065 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1574-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous proteins are promising bioinks for three-dimensional printing techniques to fabricate sophisticated structures that find applications in both biomedical engineering and materials science. The critical point of manufacturing these fibrous protein inks is to adjust the cross-linking and rheology properties of proteins that matching the requirements of various printing techniques. In recent years, 3D printing techniques such as extrusion-based printing, droplet-based printing, and light-assisted printing techniques have widely been applied to build sophisticated fibrous protein architectures. In this regard, a series of fibrous protein-based bioinks have been developed, such as bioinks prepared from silk fibroin, collagen, fibrin, gelatin, and recombinant spider silk. In this chapter, we present the protocols to make various fibrous protein inks, as well as how to use these bioinks to print 3D structures via different printing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Qiao
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Tetsuka H, Shin SR. Materials and technical innovations in 3D printing in biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2930-2950. [PMID: 32239017 PMCID: PMC8092991 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
3D printing is a rapidly growing research area, which significantly contributes to major innovations in various fields of engineering, science, and medicine. Although the scientific advancement of 3D printing technologies has enabled the development of complex geometries, there is still an increasing demand for innovative 3D printing techniques and materials to address the challenges in building speed and accuracy, surface finish, stability, and functionality. In this review, we introduce and review the recent developments in novel materials and 3D printing techniques to address the needs of the conventional 3D printing methodologies, especially in biomedical applications, such as printing speed, cell growth feasibility, and complex shape achievement. A comparative study of these materials and technologies with respect to the 3D printing parameters will be provided for selecting a suitable application-based 3D printing methodology. Discussion of the prospects of 3D printing materials and technologies will be finally covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tetsuka
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Lansdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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Zafar MJ, Zhu D, Zhang Z. 3D Printing of Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3361. [PMID: 31618857 PMCID: PMC6829398 DOI: 10.3390/ma12203361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioceramics have frequent use in functional restoration of hard tissues to improve human well-being. Additive manufacturing (AM) also known as 3D printing is an innovative material processing technique extensively applied to produce bioceramic parts or scaffolds in a layered perspicacious manner. Moreover, the applications of additive manufacturing in bioceramics have the capability to reliably fabricate the commercialized scaffolds tailored for practical clinical applications, and the potential to survive in the new era of effective hard tissue fabrication. The similarity of the materials with human bone histomorphometry makes them conducive to use in hard tissue engineering scheme. The key objective of this manuscript is to explore the applications of bioceramics-based AM in bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, the article comprehensively and categorically summarizes some novel bioceramics based AM techniques for the restoration of bones. At prior stages of this article, different ceramics processing AM techniques have been categorized, subsequently, processing of frequently used materials for bone implants and complexities associated with these materials have been elaborated. At the end, some novel applications of bioceramics in orthopedic implants and some future directions are also highlighted to explore it further. This review article will help the new researchers to understand the basic mechanism and current challenges in neophyte techniques and the applications of bioceramics in the orthopedic prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongbin Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Zhengyan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
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12
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Varkey M, Visscher DO, van Zuijlen PPM, Atala A, Yoo JJ. Skin bioprinting: the future of burn wound reconstruction? BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:4. [PMID: 30805375 PMCID: PMC6371568 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Burns are a significant cause of trauma, and over the years, the focus of patient care has shifted from just survival to facilitation of improved functional outcomes. Typically, burn treatment, especially in the case of extensive burn injuries, involves surgical excision of injured skin and reconstruction of the burn injury with the aid of skin substitutes. Conventional skin substitutes do not contain all skin cell types and do not facilitate recapitulation of native skin physiology. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting for reconstruction of burn injuries involves layer-by-layer deposition of cells along with scaffolding materials over the injured areas. Skin bioprinting can be done either in situ or in vitro. Both these approaches are similar except for the site of printing and tissue maturation. There are technological and regulatory challenges that need to be overcome for clinical translation of bioprinted skin for burn reconstruction. However, the use of bioprinting for skin reconstruction following burns is promising; bioprinting will enable accurate placement of cell types and precise and reproducible fabrication of constructs to replace the injured or damaged sites. Overall, 3D bioprinting is a very transformative technology, and its use for wound reconstruction will lead to a paradigm shift in patient outcomes. In this review, we aim to introduce bioprinting, the different stages involved, in vitro and in vivo skin bioprinting, and the various clinical and regulatory challenges in adoption of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Varkey
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27101 USA
| | - Dafydd O. Visscher
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul P. M. van Zuijlen
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Burn Center, Red Cross Hospital, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, 1942 LE Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27101 USA
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27101 USA
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Zhang L, Yang G, Johnson BN, Jia X. Three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffold and material selection for bone repair. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:16-33. [PMID: 30481607 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defect repair remains a substantial challenge in clinical settings and requires bone grafts or bone substitute materials. However, existing biomaterials often do not meet the clinical requirements of structural support, osteoinductive property, and controllable biodegradability. To treat large-scale bone defects, the development of three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds has received considerable focus within bone engineering. A variety of biomaterials and manufacturing methods, including 3D printing, have emerged to fabricate patient-specific bioactive scaffolds that possess controlled micro-architectures for bridging bone defects in complex configurations. During the last decade, with the development of the 3D printing industry, a large number of tissue-engineered scaffolds have been created for preclinical and clinical applications using novel materials and innovative technologies. Thus, this review provides a brief overview of current progress in existing biomaterials and tissue engineering scaffolds prepared by 3D printing technologies, with an emphasis on the material selection, scaffold design optimization, and their preclinical and clinical applications in the repair of critical-sized bone defects. Furthermore, it will elaborate on the current limitations and potential future prospects of 3D printing technology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D printing has emerged as a critical fabrication process for bone engineering due to its ability to control bulk geometry and internal structure of tissue scaffolds. The advancement of bioprinting methods and compatible ink materials for bone engineering have been a major focus to develop optimal 3D scaffolds for bone defect repair. Achieving a successful balance of cellular function, cellular viability, and mechanical integrity under load-bearing conditions is critical. Hybridization of natural and synthetic polymer-based materials is a promising approach to create novel tissue engineered scaffolds that combines the advantages of both materials and meets various requirements, including biological activity, mechanical strength, easy fabrication and controllable degradation. 3D printing is linked to the future of bone grafts to create on-demand patient-specific scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Guojing Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Blake N Johnson
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Gill AS, Deol PK, Kaur IP. An Update on the Use of Alginate in Additive Biofabrication Techniques. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1249-1264. [PMID: 31020933 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190423155835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid free forming (SFF) technique also called additive manufacturing process is immensely popular for biofabrication owing to its high accuracy, precision and reproducibility. METHOD SFF techniques like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, extrusion printing, and inkjet printing create three dimension (3D) structures by layer by layer processing of the material. To achieve desirable results, selection of the appropriate technique is an important aspect and it is based on the nature of biomaterial or bioink to be processed. RESULT & CONCLUSION Alginate is a commonly employed bioink in biofabrication process, attributable to its nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible nature; low cost; and tendency to form hydrogel under mild conditions. Furthermore, control on its rheological properties like viscosity and shear thinning, makes this natural anionic polymer an appropriate candidate for many of the SFF techniques. It is endeavoured in the present review to highlight the status of alginate as bioink in various SFF techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amoljit Singh Gill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - Parneet Kaur Deol
- Department of Pharmaceutics, G.H.G. Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Zhang J, Hartmann B, Siegel J, Marchi G, Clausen-Schaumann H, Sudhop S, Huber HP. Sacrificial-layer free transfer of mammalian cells using near infrared femtosecond laser pulses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195479. [PMID: 29718923 PMCID: PMC5931680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-induced cell transfer has been developed in recent years for the flexible and gentle printing of cells. Because of the high transfer rates and the superior cell survival rates, this technique has great potential for tissue engineering applications. However, the fact that material from an inorganic sacrificial layer, which is required for laser energy absorption, is usually transferred to the printed target structure, constitutes a major drawback of laser based cell printing. Therefore alternative approaches using deep UV laser sources and protein based acceptor films for energy absorption, have been introduced. Nevertheless, deep UV radiation can introduce DNA double strand breaks, thereby imposing the risk of carcinogenesis. Here we present a method for the laser-induced transfer of hydrogels and mammalian cells, which neither requires any sacrificial material for energy absorption, nor the use of UV lasers. Instead, we focus a near infrared femtosecond (fs) laser pulse (λ = 1030 nm, 450 fs) directly underneath a thin cell layer, suspended on top of a hydrogel reservoir, to induce a rapidly expanding cavitation bubble in the gel, which generates a jet of material, transferring cells and hydrogel from the gel/cell reservoir to an acceptor stage. By controlling laser pulse energy, well-defined cell-laden droplets can be transferred with high spatial resolution. The transferred human (SCP1) and murine (B16F1) cells show high survival rates, and good cell viability. Time laps microscopy reveals unaffected cell behavior including normal cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Lasercenter, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Hartmann
- Lasercenter, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Siegel
- Lasercenter, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Marchi
- Photonics Laboratory, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sudhop
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinz P. Huber
- Lasercenter, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstrasse, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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16
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Kogelenberg SV, Yue Z, Dinoro JN, Baker CS, Wallace GG. Three-Dimensional Printing and Cell Therapy for Wound Repair. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018; 7:145-155. [PMID: 29755850 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Skin tissue damage is a major challenge and a burden on healthcare systems, from burns and other trauma to diabetes and vascular disease. Although the biological complexities are relatively well understood, appropriate repair mechanisms are scarce. Three-dimensional bioprinting is a layer-based approach to regenerative medicine, whereby cells and cell-based materials can be dispensed in fine spatial arrangements to mimic native tissue. Recent Advances: Various bioprinting techniques have been employed in wound repair-based skin tissue engineering, from laser-induced forward transfer to extrusion-based methods, and with the investigation of the benefits and shortcomings of each, with emphasis on biological compatibility and cell proliferation, migration, and vitality. Critical issues: Development of appropriate biological inks and the vascularization of newly developed tissues remain a challenge within the field of skin tissue engineering. Future Directions: Progress within bioprinting requires close interactions between material scientists, tissue engineers, and clinicians. Microvascularization, integration of multiple cell types, and skin appendages will be essential for creation of complex skin tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia van Kogelenberg
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jeremy N. Dinoro
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Christopher S. Baker
- Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gordon G. Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Abstract
Background The worldwide demand for the organ replacement or tissue regeneration is increasing steadily. The advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have made it possible to regenerate such damaged organs or tissues into functional organ or tissue with the help of 3D bioprinting. The main component of the 3D bioprinting is the bioink, which is crucial for the development of functional organs or tissue structures. The bioinks used in 3D printing technology require so many properties which are vital and need to be considered during the selection. Combination of different methods and enhancements in properties are required to develop more successful bioinks for the 3D printing of organs or tissue structures. Main body This review consists of the recent state-of-art of polymer-based bioinks used in 3D printing for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The subsection projects the basic requirements for the selection of successful bioinks for 3D printing and developing 3D tissues or organ structures using combinations of bioinks such as cells, biomedical polymers and biosignals. Different bioink materials and their properties related to the biocompatibility, printability, mechanical properties, which are recently reported for 3D printing are discussed in detail. Conclusion Many bioinks formulations have been reported from cell-biomaterials based bioinks to cell-based bioinks such as cell aggregates and tissue spheroids for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Interestingly, more tunable bioinks, which are biocompatible for live cells, printable and mechanically stable after printing are emerging with the help of functional polymeric biomaterials, their modifications and blending of cells and hydrogels. These approaches show the immense potential of these bioinks to produce more complex tissue/organ structures using 3D bioprinting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janarthanan Gopinathan
- 1Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea.,2Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Insup Noh
- 1Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea.,2Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
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18
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Leberfinger AN, Ravnic DJ, Dhawan A, Ozbolat IT. Concise Review: Bioprinting of Stem Cells for Transplantable Tissue Fabrication. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1940-1948. [PMID: 28836738 PMCID: PMC6430045 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting is a quickly progressing technology, which holds the potential to generate replacement tissues and organs. Stem cells offer several advantages over differentiated cells for use as starting materials, including the potential for autologous tissue and differentiation into multiple cell lines. The three most commonly used stem cells are embryonic, induced pluripotent, and adult stem cells. Cells are combined with various natural and synthetic materials to form bioinks, which are used to fabricate scaffold‐based or scaffold‐free constructs. Computer aided design technology is combined with various bioprinting modalities including droplet‐, extrusion‐, or laser‐based bioprinting to create tissue constructs. Each bioink and modality has its own advantages and disadvantages. Various materials and techniques are combined to maximize the benefits. Researchers have been successful in bioprinting cartilage, bone, cardiac, nervous, liver, and vascular tissues. However, a major limitation to clinical translation is building large‐scale vascularized constructs. Many challenges must be overcome before this technology is used routinely in a clinical setting. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1940–1948
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aman Dhawan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania, USA.,Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania, USA.,Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tricomi BJ, Dias AD, Corr DT. Stem cell bioprinting for applications in regenerative medicine. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1383:115-124. [PMID: 27870077 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many regenerative medicine applications seek to harness the biologic power of stem cells in architecturally complex scaffolds or microenvironments. Traditional tissue engineering methods cannot create such intricate structures, nor can they precisely control cellular position or spatial distribution. These limitations have spurred advances in the field of bioprinting, aimed to satisfy these structural and compositional demands. Bioprinting can be defined as the programmed deposition of cells or other biologics, often with accompanying biomaterials. In this concise review, we focus on recent advances in stem cell bioprinting, including performance, utility, and applications in regenerative medicine. More specifically, this review explores the capability of bioprinting to direct stem cell fate, engineer tissue(s), and create functional vascular networks. Furthermore, the unique challenges and concerns related to bioprinting living stem cells, such as viability and maintaining multi- or pluripotency, are discussed. The regenerative capacity of stem cells, when combined with the structural/compositional control afforded by bioprinting, provides a unique and powerful tool to address the complex demands of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J Tricomi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Andrew D Dias
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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20
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21
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Xiong R, Zhang Z, Chai W, Chrisey DB, Huang Y. Study of gelatin as an effective energy absorbing layer for laser bioprinting. Biofabrication 2017; 9:024103. [PMID: 28597844 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa74f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced forward transfer printing, also commonly known as laser printing, has been widely implemented for three-dimensional bioprinting due to its unique orifice-free nature during printing. However, the printing quality has the potential to be further improved for various laser bioprinting applications. The objectives of this study are to investigate the feasibility of using gelatin as an energy absorbing layer (EAL) material for laser bioprinting and its effects on the quality of printed constructs, bioink printability, and post-printing cell viability and process-induced DNA damage. The gelatin EAL is applied between the quartz support and the coating of build material, which is to be printed. Printing quality can be improved by EAL-assisted laser printing when using various alginate solutions (1%, 2%, and 4%) and cell-laden bioinks (2% alginate and 5 × 106 cells ml-1 in cell culture medium). The required laser fluence is also reduced due to a higher absorption coefficient of gelatin gel, in particular when to achieve the best printing type/quality. The post-printing cell viability is improved by ∼10% and DNA double-strand breaks are reduced by ∼50%. For all the build materials investigated, the gelatin EAL helps reduce the droplet size and average jet velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitong Xiong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America
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22
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Mir TA, Nakamura M. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting: Toward the Era of Manufacturing Human Organs as Spare Parts for Healthcare and Medicine. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:245-256. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Ahmad Mir
- Division of Biomedical System Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Nanotechnology Manufacturing Cluster, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical System Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Toyama Nanotechnology Manufacturing Cluster, Toyama, Japan
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23
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Vinson BT, Sklare SC, Chrisey DB. Laser-based cell printing techniques for additive biomanufacturing. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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24
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Vinson BT, Phamduy TB, Shipman J, Riggs B, Strong AL, Sklare SC, Murfee WL, Burow ME, Bunnell BA, Huang Y, Chrisey DB. Laser direct-write based fabrication of a spatially-defined, biomimetic construct as a potential model for breast cancer cell invasion into adipose tissue. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6bad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Hospodiuk M, Dey M, Sosnoski D, Ozbolat IT. The bioink: A comprehensive review on bioprintable materials. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:217-239. [PMID: 28057483 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses "bioink", bioprintable materials used in three dimensional (3D) bioprinting processes, where cells and other biologics are deposited in a spatially controlled pattern to fabricate living tissues and organs. It presents the first comprehensive review of existing bioink types including hydrogels, cell aggregates, microcarriers and decellularized matrix components used in extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based bioprinting processes. A detailed comparison of these bioink materials is conducted in terms of supporting bioprinting modalities and bioprintability, cell viability and proliferation, biomimicry, resolution, affordability, scalability, practicality, mechanical and structural integrity, bioprinting and post-bioprinting maturation times, tissue fusion and formation post-implantation, degradation characteristics, commercial availability, immune-compatibility, and application areas. The paper then discusses current limitations of bioink materials and presents the future prospects to the reader.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Hospodiuk
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Madhuri Dey
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donna Sosnoski
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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26
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Koch L, Brandt O, Deiwick A, Chichkov B. Laser-assisted bioprinting at different wavelengths and pulse durations with a metal dynamic release layer: A parametric study. Int J Bioprint 2017; 3:001. [PMID: 33094176 PMCID: PMC7575628 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, living cells and biomaterials (typically hydrogels) are printed via laser-assisted bioprinting. Often, a thin metal layer is applied as laser-absorbing material called dynamic release layer (DRL). This layer is vaporized by focused laser pulses generating vapor pressure that propels forward a coated biomaterial. Different lasers with laser wavelengths from 193 to 1064 nanometer have been used. As a metal DRL gold, silver, or titanium layers have been used. The applied laser pulse durations were usually in the nanosecond range from 1 to 30 ns. In addition, some studies with femtosecond lasers have been published. However, there are no studies on the effect of all these lasers parameters on bioprinting with a metal DRL, and on comparing different wavelengths and pulse durations – except one study comparing 500 femtosecond pulses with 15 ns pulses. In this paper, the effects of laser wavelength (355, 532, and 1064 nm) and laser pulse duration (in the range of 8 to 200 ns) are investigated. Furthermore, the effects of laser pulse energy, intensity, and focal spot size are studied. The printed droplet volume, hydrogel jet velocity, and cell viability are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Koch
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Nanotechnology Department, Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ole Brandt
- DeutschesElektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Deiwick
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Nanotechnology Department, Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Boris Chichkov
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Nanotechnology Department, Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany.,Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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27
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28
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Burks HE, Phamduy TB, Azimi MS, Saksena J, Burow ME, Collins-Burow BM, Chrisey DB, Murfee WL. Laser Direct-Write Onto Live Tissues: A Novel Model for Studying Cancer Cell Migration. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2333-8. [PMID: 26923437 PMCID: PMC4946993 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Investigation into the mechanisms driving cancer cell behavior and the subsequent development of novel targeted therapeutics requires comprehensive experimental models that mimic the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. Recently, our laboratories have combined a novel tissue culture model and laser direct-write, a form of bioprinting, to spatially position single or clustered cancer cells onto ex vivo microvascular networks containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and interstitial cell populations. Herein, we highlight this new model as a tool for quantifying cancer cell motility and effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in an intact network that matches the complexity of a real tissue. Application of our proposed methodology offers an innovative ex vivo tissue perspective for evaluating the effects of gene expression and targeted molecular therapies on cancer cell migration and invasion. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2333-2338, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope E. Burks
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Theresa B. Phamduy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Mohammad S. Azimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Jayant Saksena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | | | | | | | - Walter L. Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
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29
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Lee JM, Yeong WY. Design and Printing Strategies in 3D Bioprinting of Cell-Hydrogels: A Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2856-2865. [PMID: 27767258 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an emerging technology that allows the assembling of both living and non-living biological materials into an ideal complex layout for further tissue maturation. Bioprinting aims to produce engineered tissue or organ in a mechanized, organized, and optimized manner. Various biomaterials and techniques have been utilized to bioprint biological constructs in different shapes, sizes and resolutions. There is a need to systematically discuss and analyze the reported strategies employed to fabricate these constructs. We identified and discussed important design factors in bioprinting, namely shape and resolution, material heterogeneity, and cellular-material remodeling dynamism. Each design factors are represented by the corresponding process capabilities and printing parameters. The process-design map will inspire future biomaterials research in these aspects. Design considerations such as data processing, bio-ink formulation and process selection are discussed. Various printing and crosslinking strategies, with relevant applications, are also systematically reviewed. We categorized them into 5 general bioprinting strategies, including direct bioprinting, in-process crosslinking, post-process crosslinking, indirect bioprinting and hybrid bioprinting. The opportunities and outlook in 3D bioprinting are highlighted. This review article will serve as a framework to advance computer-aided design in bioprinting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Min Lee
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing; School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing; School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore
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30
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Kingsley DM, Dias AD, Corr DT. Microcapsules and 3D customizable shelled microenvironments from laser direct-written microbeads. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2264-74. [PMID: 27070458 PMCID: PMC9202818 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcapsules are shelled 3D microenvironments, with a liquid core. These core-shelled structures enable cell-cell contact, cellular proliferation and aggregation within the capsule, and can be utilized for controlled release of encapsulated contents. Traditional microcapsule fabrication methods provide limited control of capsule size, and are unable to control capsule placement. To overcome these limitations, we demonstrate size and spatial control of poly-l-lysine and chitosan microcapsules, using laser direct-write (LDW) printing, and subsequent processing, of alginate microbeads. Additionally, microbeads were used as volume pixels (voxels) to form continuous 3D hydrogel structures, which were processed like capsules, to form custom shelled aqueous-core 3D structures of prescribed geometry; such as strands, rings, and bifurcations. Heterogeneous structures were also created with controlled initial locations of different cell types, to demonstrate the ability to prescribe cell signaling (heterotypic and homotypic) in co-culture conditions. Herein, we demonstrate LDW's ability to fabricate intricate 3D structures, essentially with "printed macroporosity," and to precisely control structural composition by bottom-up fabrication in a bead-by-bead manner. The structural and compositional control afforded by this process enables the creation of a wide range of new constructs, with many potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2264-2274. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, New York 12180
| | - Andrew D Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, New York 12180
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, New York 12180.
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31
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Advances in Bioprinting Technologies for Craniofacial Reconstruction. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:700-710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Shirahama H, Lee BH, Tan LP, Cho NJ. Precise Tuning of Facile One-Pot Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Synthesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31036. [PMID: 27503340 PMCID: PMC4977492 DOI: 10.1038/srep31036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) is one of the most commonly used photopolymerizable biomaterials in bio-applications. However, GelMA synthesis remains suboptimal, as its reaction parameters have not been fully investigated. The goal of this study is to establish an optimal route for effective and controllable GelMA synthesis by systematically examining reaction parameters including carbonate-bicarbonate (CB) buffer molarity, initial pH adjustment, MAA concentration, gelatin concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time. We employed several analytical techniques in order to determine the degree of substitution (DS) and conducted detailed structural analysis of the synthesized polymer. The results enabled us to optimize GelMA synthesis, showing the optimal conditions to balance the deprotonation of amino groups with minimizing MAA hydrolysis, which led to nearly complete substitution. The optimized conditions (low feed ratio of MAA to gelatin (0.1 mL/g), 0.25 M CB buffer at pH 9, and a gelatin concentration of 10-20%) enable a simplified reaction scheme that produces GelMA with high substitution with just one-step addition of MAA in one pot. Looking forward, these optimal conditions not only enable facile one-pot GelMA synthesis but can also guide researchers to explore the efficient, high methacrylation of other biomacromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Shirahama
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Bae Hoon Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459 Singapore
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Nguyen AK, Narayan RJ. Liquid-Phase Laser Induced Forward Transfer for Complex Organic Inks and Tissue Engineering. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:84-99. [PMID: 27090894 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Laser induced forward transfer (LIFT) acts as a novel alternative to incumbent plotting techniques such as inkjet printing due to its ability to precisely deposit and position picoliter-sized droplets while being gentle enough to preserve sensitive structures within the ink. Materials as simple as screen printing ink to complex eukaryotic cells have been printed with applications spanning from microelectronics to tissue engineering. Biotechnology can benefit from this technique due to the efficient use of low volumes of reagent and the compatibility with a wide range of rheological properties. In addition, LIFT can be performed in a simple lab environment, not requiring vacuum or other extreme conditions. Although the basic apparatus is simple, many strategies exist to optimize the performance considering the ink and the desired pattern. The basic mechanism is similar between studies so the large number of variants can be summarized into a couple of categories and reported on with respect to their specific applications. In particular, precise and gentle deposition of complex molecules and eukaryotic cells represent the unique abilities of this technology. LIFT has demonstrated not only marked improvements in the quality of sensors and related medical devices over those manufactured with incumbent technologies but also great applicability in tissue engineering due to the high viability of printed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7575, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7575, USA
| | - Roger J Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Campus Box 7575, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7575, USA.
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Curley JL, Sklare SC, Bowser DA, Saksena J, Moore MJ, Chrisey DB. Isolated node engineering of neuronal systems using laser direct write. Biofabrication 2016; 8:015013. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/015013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben F. Pereira
- Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRsp), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria; Marinha Grande 2430-028 Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, (I3S) Universidade do Porto; Porto 4200-393 Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto; Porto 4150-180 Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto; Porto 4050-313 Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Bártolo
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester; Manchester M1 7DN United Kingdom
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Phamduy TB, Sweat RS, Azimi MS, Burow ME, Murfee WL, Chrisey DB. Printing cancer cells into intact microvascular networks: a model for investigating cancer cell dynamics during angiogenesis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1068-78. [PMID: 26190039 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00151j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While cancer cell invasion and metastasis are dependent on cancer cell-stroma, cancer cell-blood vessel, and cancer cell-lymphatic vessel interactions, our understanding of these interactions remain largely unknown. A need exists for physiologically-relevant models that more closely mimic the complexity of cancer cell dynamics in a real tissue environment. The objective of this study was to combine laser-based cell printing and tissue culture methods to create a novel ex vivo model in which cancer cell dynamics can be tracked during angiogenesis in an intact microvascular network. Laser direct-write (LDW) was utilized to reproducibly deposit breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and fibroblasts into spatially-defined patterns on cultured rat mesenteric tissues. In addition, heterogeneous patterns containing co-printed MDA-MB-231/fibroblasts or MDA-MB-231/MCF-7 cells were generated for fibroblast-directed and collective cell invasion models. Printed cells remained viable and the cells retained the ability to proliferate in serum-rich media conditions. Over a culture period of five days, time-lapse imaging confirmed fibroblast and MDA-MB-231 cell migration within the microvascular networks. Confocal microscopy indicated that printed MDA-MB-231 cells infiltrated the tissue thickness and were capable of interacting with endothelial cells. Angiogenic network growth in tissue areas containing printed cancer cells was characterized by significantly increased capillary sprouting compared to control tissue areas containing no printed cells. Our results establish an innovative ex vivo experimental platform that enables time-lapse evaluation of cancer cell dynamics during angiogenesis within a real microvascular network scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa B Phamduy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, Lindy Boggs Center Suite 500, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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3D Bioprinting and 3D Imaging for Stem Cell Engineering. BIOPRINTING IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21386-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Duarte Campos DF, Blaeser A, Korsten A, Neuss S, Jäkel J, Vogt M, Fischer H. The stiffness and structure of three-dimensional printed hydrogels direct the differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells toward adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:740-56. [PMID: 25236338 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and physicochemical effects of three-dimensional (3D) printable hydrogels on cell behavior are paramount features to consider before manufacturing functional tissues. We hypothesize that besides good printability and cytocompatibility of a supporting hydrogel for the manufacture of individual tissues, it is equally essential to consider beforehand the desired tissue (bone, cartilage, fat). In light of its application, the structure and stiffness of printable hydrogel matrices influence cell geometry, which in turn impacts the differentiation fate. Embedded human mesenchymal stromal cells in printable type I collagen- and chitosan-agarose blends were induced to differentiate toward osteoblasts and adipocytes. Hydrogels' printability in air versus submerged printing in perfluorocarbon was evaluated according to the height, diameter, uniformity, and stability of 3D printed vertical cylinders. Bipotent differentiation within hydrogels was assessed histologically (morphology, cellularity), by immunohistochemistry (vimentin, smooth muscle actin), two-photon microscopy (spatial distribution), and real-time polymerase chain reaction (ALP, BGLAP, OPN, RUNX2, COL 1, aP2, PPARγ-2). Agarose and agarose blends revealed the most valid printability properties by generating uniform cylinders with an average height of 4 mm. Osteogenic differentiation was preferably achieved in anisotropic soft collagen-rich substrates, whereas adipogenic differentiation mostly occurred in isotropic stiff agarose-rich matrices. The conjugation of type I collagen to agarose with varying ratios is possibly a suitable bioink for a broad range of 3D printed mesenchymal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Duarte Campos
- 1 Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen, Germany
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Dias AD, Kingsley DM, Corr DT. Recent advances in bioprinting and applications for biosensing. BIOSENSORS 2014; 4:111-36. [PMID: 25587413 PMCID: PMC4264374 DOI: 10.3390/bios4020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Future biosensing applications will require high performance, including real-time monitoring of physiological events, incorporation of biosensors into feedback-based devices, detection of toxins, and advanced diagnostics. Such functionality will necessitate biosensors with increased sensitivity, specificity, and throughput, as well as the ability to simultaneously detect multiple analytes. While these demands have yet to be fully realized, recent advances in biofabrication may allow sensors to achieve the high spatial sensitivity required, and bring us closer to achieving devices with these capabilities. To this end, we review recent advances in biofabrication techniques that may enable cutting-edge biosensors. In particular, we focus on bioprinting techniques (e.g., microcontact printing, inkjet printing, and laser direct-write) that may prove pivotal to biosensor fabrication and scaling. Recent biosensors have employed these fabrication techniques with success, and further development may enable higher performance, including multiplexing multiple analytes or cell types within a single biosensor. We also review recent advances in 3D bioprinting, and explore their potential to create biosensors with live cells encapsulated in 3D microenvironments. Such advances in biofabrication will expand biosensor utility and availability, with impact realized in many interdisciplinary fields, as well as in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA; E-Mails: (A.D.D.); (D.M.K.)
| | - David M Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA; E-Mails: (A.D.D.); (D.M.K.)
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA; E-Mails: (A.D.D.); (D.M.K.)
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Dias AD, Unser AM, Xie Y, Chrisey DB, Corr DT. Generating size-controlled embryoid bodies using laser direct-write. Biofabrication 2014; 6:025007. [PMID: 24694373 PMCID: PMC4043747 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/6/2/025007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to self-renew and differentiate into any specialized cell type. One common method to differentiate ESCs in vitro is through embryoid bodies (EBs), three-dimensional cellular aggregates that spontaneously self-assemble and generally express markers for the three germ layers, endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. It has been previously shown that both EB size and 2D colony size each influence differentiation. We hypothesized that we could control the size of the EB formed by mouse ESCs (mESCs) by using a cell printing method, laser direct-write (LDW), to control both the size of the initial printed colony and the local cell density in printed colonies. After printing mESCs at various printed colony sizes and printing densities, two-way ANOVAs indicated that the EB diameter was influenced by printing density after three days (p = 0.0002), while there was no effect of the printed colony diameter on the EB diameter at the same timepoint (p = 0.74). There was no significant interaction between these two factors. Tukey's honestly significant difference test showed that high-density colonies formed significantly larger EBs, suggesting that printed mESCs quickly aggregate with nearby cells. Thus, EBs can be engineered to a desired size by controlling printing density, which will influence the design of future differentiation studies. Herein, we highlight the capacity of LDW to control the local cell density and colony size independently, at prescribed spatial locations, potentially leading to better stem cell maintenance and directed differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- AD Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - AM Unser
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - Y Xie
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
| | - DB Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - DT Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Ahn S, Lee H, Lee EJ, Kim G. A direct cell printing supplemented with low-temperature processing method for obtaining highly porous three-dimensional cell-laden scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:2773-2782. [PMID: 32261442 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00139g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and versatile cell dispensing method for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden alginate scaffolds using a low-temperature biofabrication process is proposed. To obtain optimum processing conditions, various low temperatures from -2 °C to -40 °C were used. Taking the pore structure (strut size, pore size and pore connectivity) and in situ cell viability into consideration, -10 °C was found to be the most appropriate processing temperature. In addition, the rapid temperature change during processing was a critically important parameter affecting initial cell viability. To examine this effect, we used various cell stabilization times during low-temperature processing. Inclusion of a stabilization time of over 60 min significantly improved cell viability compared to times below 30 min. Based on these optimized conditions (-10 °C and 60 min), we successfully fabricated various precisely controlled 3D cell-laden pore structures, and the in situ cell viabilities for osteoblast-like cell (MG63) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-laden scaffolds were 84% and 70%, respectively. During long cell culture periods (20, 45 and 60 days), the cells in the alginate scaffolds survived, proliferated and even mineralized well. These results suggest that this new biofabrication process has great potential as a method for obtaining cell-laden scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Ahn
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
AbstractCurrently, different 3D printing techniques are investigated for printing biomaterials and living cells. An ambitious aim is the printing of fully functional tissue or organs. Furthermore, for manifold applications in biomedical research and in testing of pharmaceuticals or cosmetics, printed tissue could be a new method, partly substituting test animals. Here we describe a laser-based printing technique applied for the arrangement of vital cells in two and three-dimensional patterns and for tissue engineering. First printed tissue, tested in vitro and in vivo, and printing of cell patterns for investigating cell-cell interactions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goeun Lim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eric B. Richardson
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jeon H, Kim G. Preparation and characterization of an electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous mat and multi-layered PCL scaffolds having a nanosized pattern-surface for tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:171-180. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kingsley DM, Dias AD, Chrisey DB, Corr DT. Single-step laser-based fabrication and patterning of cell-encapsulated alginate microbeads. Biofabrication 2013; 5:045006. [PMID: 24192221 PMCID: PMC3890439 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5082/5/4/045006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alginate can be used to encapsulate mammalian cells and for the slow release of small molecules. Packaging alginate as microbead structures allows customizable delivery for tissue engineering, drug release, or contrast agents for imaging. However, state-of-the-art microbead fabrication has a limited range in achievable bead sizes, and poor control over bead placement, which may be desired to localize cellular signaling or delivery. Herein, we present a novel, laser-based method for single-step fabrication and precise planar placement of alginate microbeads. Our results show that bead size is controllable within 8%, and fabricated microbeads can remain immobilized within 2% of their target placement. Demonstration of this technique using human breast cancer cells shows that cells encapsulated within these microbeads survive at a rate of 89.6%, decreasing to 84.3% after five days in culture. Infusing rhodamine dye into microbeads prior to fluorescent microscopy shows their 3D spheroidal geometry and the ability to sequester small molecules. Microbead fabrication and patterning is compatible with conventional cellular transfer and patterning by laser direct-write, allowing location-based cellular studies. While this method can also be used to fabricate microbeads en masse for collection, the greatest value to tissue engineering and drug delivery studies and applications lies in the pattern registry of printed microbeads.
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Affiliation(s)
- DM Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - AD Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - DB Chrisey
- Department of Physics, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - DT Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., Troy, NY 12180, USA
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Ozbolat IT, Yu Y. Bioprinting toward organ fabrication: challenges and future trends. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 60:691-9. [PMID: 23372076 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2243912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has been a promising field of research, offering hope for bridging the gap between organ shortage and transplantation needs. However, building three-dimensional (3-D) vascularized organs remains the main technological barrier to be overcome. Organ printing, which is defined as computer-aided additive biofabrication of 3-D cellular tissue constructs, has shed light on advancing this field into a new era. Organ printing takes advantage of rapid prototyping (RP) technology to print cells, biomaterials, and cell-laden biomaterials individually or in tandem, layer by layer, directly creating 3-D tissue-like structures. Here, we overview RP-based bioprinting approaches and discuss the current challenges and trends toward fabricating living organs for transplant in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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