1
|
Bradley RS, Robinson IK, Yusuf M. 3D X-Ray Nanotomography of Cells Grown on Electrospun Scaffolds. Macromol Biosci 2016; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Bradley
- Henry Moseley X-ray Imaging Facility; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Ian K. Robinson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Didcot OX11 0FA UK
| | - Mohammed Yusuf
- London Centre for Nanotechnology; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; Didcot OX11 0FA UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khimchenko A, Deyhle H, Schulz G, Schweighauser G, Hench J, Chicherova N, Bikis C, Hieber SE, Müller B. Extending two-dimensional histology into the third dimension through conventional micro computed tomography. Neuroimage 2016; 139:26-36. [PMID: 27321044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological examination achieves sub-micrometer resolution laterally. In the third dimension, however, resolution is limited to section thickness. In addition, histological sectioning and mounting sections on glass slides introduce tissue-dependent stress and strain. In contrast, state-of-the-art hard X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) systems provide isotropic sub-micrometer resolution and avoid sectioning artefacts. The drawback of μCT in the absorption contrast mode for visualising physically soft tissue is a low attenuation difference between anatomical features. In this communication, we demonstrate that formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human cerebellum yields appropriate absorption contrast in laboratory-based μCT data, comparable to conventional histological sections. Purkinje cells, for example, are readily visible. In order to investigate the pros and cons of complementary approaches, two- and three-dimensional data were manually and automatically registered. The joint histogram of histology and the related μCT slice allows for a detailed discussion on how to integrate two-dimensional information from histology into a three-dimensional tomography dataset. This methodology is not only rewarding for the analysis of the human cerebellum, but it also has relevance for investigations of tissue biopsies and post-mortem applications. Our data indicate that laboratory-based μCT as a modality can fill the gap between synchrotron radiation-based μCT and histology for a variety of tissues. As the information from haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections and μCT data is related, one can colourise local X-ray absorption values according to the H&E stain. Hence, μCT data can correlate and virtually extend two-dimensional (2D) histology data into the third dimension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Khimchenko
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Hans Deyhle
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Schweighauser
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Chicherova
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Simone E Hieber
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khoury BM, Bigelow EMR, Smith LM, Schlecht SH, Scheller EL, Andarawis-Puri N, Jepsen KJ. The use of nano-computed tomography to enhance musculoskeletal research. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:106-19. [PMID: 25646568 PMCID: PMC4755519 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in computed tomography (CT) imaging are opening new avenues toward more precise characterization and quantification of connective tissue microarchitecture. In the last two decades, micro-computed tomography (microCT) has significantly augmented destructive methods for the 3D micro-analysis of tissue structure, primarily in the bone research field. Recently, microCT has been employed in combination with contrast agents to generate contrast-enhanced images of soft tissues that are otherwise difficult to visualize due to their native radiodensity. More recent advances in CT technology have enabled ultra-high resolution imaging by utilizing a more powerful nano-focused X-ray source, such as that found in nano-computed tomography (nanoCT) systems. NanoCT imaging has facilitated the expansion of musculoskeletal research by reducing acquisition time and significantly expanding the range of samples that can be imaged in terms of size, age and tissue-type (bone, muscle, tendon, cartilage, vessels and adipose tissue). We present the application and early results of nanoCT imaging in various tissue types and how this ultra-high resolution imaging modality is capable of characterizing microstructures at levels of details previously not possible. Contrast-enhanced imaging techniques to enable soft-tissue visualization and characterization are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erica L. Scheller
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nam SY, Ricles LM, Suggs LJ, Emelianov SY. Imaging strategies for tissue engineering applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2015; 21:88-102. [PMID: 25012069 PMCID: PMC4322020 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering has evolved with multifaceted research being conducted using advanced technologies, and it is progressing toward clinical applications. As tissue engineering technology significantly advances, it proceeds toward increasing sophistication, including nanoscale strategies for material construction and synergetic methods for combining with cells, growth factors, or other macromolecules. Therefore, to assess advanced tissue-engineered constructs, tissue engineers need versatile imaging methods capable of monitoring not only morphological but also functional and molecular information. However, there is no single imaging modality that is suitable for all tissue-engineered constructs. Each imaging method has its own range of applications and provides information based on the specific properties of the imaging technique. Therefore, according to the requirements of the tissue engineering studies, the most appropriate tool should be selected among a variety of imaging modalities. The goal of this review article is to describe available biomedical imaging methods to assess tissue engineering applications and to provide tissue engineers with criteria and insights for determining the best imaging strategies. Commonly used biomedical imaging modalities, including X-ray and computed tomography, positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, optical imaging, and emerging techniques and multimodal imaging, will be discussed, focusing on the latest trends of their applications in recent tissue engineering studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yun Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura M. Ricles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Laura J. Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Stanislav Y. Emelianov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| |
Collapse
|