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Savatović S, Zdora MC, De Marco F, Bikis C, Olbinado M, Rack A, Müller B, Thibault P, Zanette I. Multi-resolution X-ray phase-contrast and dark-field tomography of human cerebellum with near-field speckles. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:142-161. [PMID: 38223169 PMCID: PMC10783905 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we use synchrotron-based multi-modal X-ray tomography to examine human cerebellar tissue in three dimensions at two levels of spatial resolution (2.3 µm and 11.9 µm). We show that speckle-based imaging (SBI) produces results that are comparable to propagation-based imaging (PBI), a well-established phase-sensitive imaging method. The different SBI signals provide complementary information, which improves tissue differentiation. In particular, the dark-field signal aids in distinguishing tissues with similar average electron density but different microstructural variations. The setup's high resolution and the imaging technique's excellent phase sensitivity enabled the identification of different cellular layers and additionally, different cell types within these layers. We also correlated this high-resolution phase-contrast information with measured dark-field signal levels. These findings demonstrate the viability of SBI and the potential benefit of the dark-field modality for virtual histology of brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Savatović
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 – km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Marie-Christine Zdora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Fabio De Marco
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 – km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Christos Bikis
- Psychiatric Hospital in Winterthur, Wieshofstrasse 102, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B/C, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Margie Olbinado
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Rack
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, CS40220, CEDEX 09, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B/C, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 – km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Irene Zanette
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 – km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
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Rodgers G, Bikis C, Janz P, Tanner C, Schulz G, Thalmann P, Haas CA, Müller B. 3D X-ray Histology for the Investigation of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in a Mouse Model. Microsc Microanal 2023; 29:1730-1745. [PMID: 37584515 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The most common form of epilepsy among adults is mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE), with seizures often originating in the hippocampus due to abnormal electrical activity. The gold standard for the histopathological analysis of mTLE is histology, which is a two-dimensional technique. To fill this gap, we propose complementary three-dimensional (3D) X-ray histology. Herein, we used synchrotron radiation-based phase-contrast microtomography with 1.6 μm-wide voxels for the post mortem visualization of tissue microstructure in an intrahippocampal-kainate mouse model for mTLE. We demonstrated that the 3D X-ray histology of unstained, unsectioned, paraffin-embedded brain hemispheres can identify hippocampal sclerosis through the loss of pyramidal neurons in the first and third regions of the Cornu ammonis as well as granule cell dispersion within the dentate gyrus. Morphology and density changes during epileptogenesis were quantified by segmentations from a deep convolutional neural network. Compared to control mice, the total dentate gyrus volume doubled and the granular layer volume quadrupled 21 days after injecting kainate. Subsequent sectioning of the same mouse brains allowed for benchmarking 3D X-ray histology against well-established histochemical and immunofluorescence stainings. Thus, 3D X-ray histology is a complementary neuroimaging tool to unlock the third dimension for the cellular-resolution histopathological analysis of mTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Rodgers
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Integrierte Psychiatrie Winterthur-Zürcher Unterland, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Janz
- Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Tanner
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Core Facility Micro- and Nanotomography, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Peter Thalmann
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Carola A Haas
- Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- BrainLinks-BrainTools Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79114 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Rodgers G, Tanner C, Schulz G, Migga A, Kuo W, Bikis C, Scheel M, Kurtcuoglu V, Weitkamp T, Müller B. Virtual histology of an entire mouse brain from formalin fixation to paraffin embedding. Part 2: Volumetric strain fields and local contrast changes. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 365:109385. [PMID: 34637810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fixation and embedding of post mortem brain tissue is a pre-requisite for both gold-standard conventional histology and X-ray virtual histology. This process alters the morphology and density of the brain microanatomy. NEW METHOD To quantify these changes, we employed synchrotron radiation-based hard X-ray tomography with 3 μm voxel length to visualize the same mouse brain after fixation in 4% formalin, immersion in ethanol solutions (50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%), xylene, and finally after embedding in a paraffin block. The volumetric data were non-rigidly registered to the initial formalin-fixed state to align the microanatomy within the entire mouse brain. RESULTS Volumetric strain fields were used to characterize local shrinkage, which was found to depend on the anatomical region and distance to external surface. X-ray contrast was altered and enhanced by preparation-induced inter-tissue density changes. The preparation step can be selected to highlight specific anatomical features. For example, fiber tract contrast is amplified in 100% ethanol. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our method provides volumetric strain fields, unlike approaches based on feature-to-feature or volume measurements. Volumetric strain fields are produced by non-rigid registration, which is less labor-intensive and observer-dependent than volume change measurements based on manual segmentations. X-ray microtomography provides spatial resolution at least an order of magnitude higher than magnetic resonance microscopy, allowing for analysis of morphology and density changes within the brain's microanatomy. CONCLUSION Our approach belongs to three-dimensional virtual histology with isotropic micrometer spatial resolution and therefore complements atlases based on a combination of magnetic resonance microscopy and optical micrographs of serial histological sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin Rodgers
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Tanner
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Migga
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Willy Kuo
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney.CH, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Integrierte Psychiatrie Winterthur - Zürcher Unterland, 8408 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Mario Scheel
- Synchrotron Soleil, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vartan Kurtcuoglu
- The Interface Group, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; National Centre of Competence in Research, Kidney.CH, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Hostettler IC, Jayashankar N, Bikis C, Wanderer S, Nevzati E, Karuppiah R, Waran V, Kalbermatten D, Mariani L, Marbacher S, Guzman R, Madduri S, Roethlisberger M. Clinical Studies and Pre-clinical Animal Models on Facial Nerve Preservation, Reconstruction, and Regeneration Following Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor Surgery-A Systematic Review and Future Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659413. [PMID: 34239858 PMCID: PMC8259738 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Tumorous lesions developing in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) get into close contact with the 1st (cisternal) and 2nd (meatal) intra-arachnoidal portion of the facial nerve (FN). When surgical damage occurs, commonly known reconstruction strategies are often associated with poor functional recovery. This article aims to provide a systematic overview for translational research by establishing the current evidence on available clinical studies and experimental models reporting on intracranial FN injury. Methods: A systematic literature search of several databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Medline) was performed prior to July 2020. Suitable articles were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included clinical studies were reviewed and categorized according to the pathology and surgical resection strategy, and experimental studies according to the animal. For anatomical study purposes, perfusion-fixed adult New Zealand white rabbits were used for radiological high-resolution imaging and anatomical dissection of the CPA and periotic skull base. Results: One hundred forty four out of 166 included publications were clinical studies reporting on FN outcomes after CPA-tumor surgery in 19,136 patients. During CPA-tumor surgery, the specific vulnerability of the intracranial FN to stretching and compression more likely leads to neurapraxia or axonotmesis than neurotmesis. Severe FN palsy was reported in 7 to 15 % after vestibular schwannoma surgery, and 6% following the resection of CPA-meningioma. Twenty-two papers reported on experimental studies, out of which only 6 specifically used intracranial FN injury in a rodent (n = 4) or non-rodent model (n = 2). Rats and rabbits offer a feasible model for manipulation of the FN in the CPA, the latter was further confirmed in our study covering the radiological and anatomical analysis of perfusion fixed periotic bones. Conclusion: The particular anatomical and physiological features of the intracranial FN warrant a distinguishment of experimental models for intracranial FN injuries. New Zealand White rabbits might be a very cost-effective and valuable option to test new experimental approaches for intracranial FN regeneration. Flexible and bioactive biomaterials, commonly used in skull base surgery, endowed with trophic and topographical functions, should address the specific needs of intracranial FN injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Hostettler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Narayan Jayashankar
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Nanavati Super Speciality Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Christos Bikis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials Science Center, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland.,Integrierte Psychiatrie Winterthur - Zürcher Unterland, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Wanderer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Edin Nevzati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Luzern, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Ravindran Karuppiah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Malaya Specialist Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vicknes Waran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Malaya Specialist Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Kalbermatten
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, Biomaterials and Neuro Tissue Bioengineering, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Marbacher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Department of Surgery, Biomaterials and Neuro Tissue Bioengineering, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Brain Ischemia and Regeneration, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Roethlisberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Malaya Specialist Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Schulz G, Deyhle H, Bikis C, Bunk O, Müller B. Imaging the orientation of myelin sheaths in a non-stained histology slide of human brain. Precision Nanomedicine 2020. [DOI: 10.33218/001c.17211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Deyhle
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Integrierte Psychiatrie Winterthur – Zürcher Unterland, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bunk
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Koutserimpas C, Samonis G, Plataki MN, Bikis C, Kontakis G, Kofteridis DP. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative osteomyelitis: a 10-year study. G Chir 2018; 34:284-290. [PMID: 30444476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM Few series of osteomyelitis due to multi-drug (MDR) or extensively-drug resistant (XDR) gram-negative bacteria exist. A retrospective study of MDR and XDR gram-negative osteomyelitis cases was performed, aiming to investigate causative organisms, proper surgical and medical management, as well as outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients, treated at the University hospital of Crete between 2007 and 2016 for acute osteomyelitis, due to MDR or XDR gram-negative pathogens were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 14 patients (8 males) were identified with a mean age of 50.6 years. Five Acinetobacter baumanii cases, 3 XDR and 2 MDR, were found. Furthermore, 3 MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 MDR Enterobacter cloacae isolates were identified. Additionally, 2 MDR Escherichia coli, as well as 2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 XDR and 1 MDR, were isolated. One case of Roseomonas gilardii was also identified. In 5 cases the same pathogen was also isolated from blood. Five out of the 14 patients were smokers, 6 were suffering severe injury, 4 had diabetes-mellitus, 2 chronic renal disease and 2 were obese. Most causative organisms had hospital origin. All patients received first line empirical combination antimicrobial treatment, proven effective in 4. Thirteen patients were also subjected to surgical treatment. The study included mainly young individuals, most likely due to the high incidence of traffic accidents involving young adults in Crete. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial regimens are important supplements to surgical treatment of acute osteomyelitis. However, due to emergence of resistant microorganisms, compliance with strict rules of antimicrobial strategy is of utmost importance.
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Khimchenko A, Bikis C, Pacureanu A, Hieber SE, Thalmann P, Deyhle H, Schweighauser G, Hench J, Frank S, Müller‐Gerbl M, Schulz G, Cloetens P, Müller B. Hard X-Ray Nanoholotomography: Large-Scale, Label-Free, 3D Neuroimaging beyond Optical Limit. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1700694. [PMID: 29938163 PMCID: PMC6010902 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There have been great efforts on the nanoscale 3D probing of brain tissues to image subcellular morphologies. However, limitations in terms of tissue coverage, anisotropic resolution, stain dependence, and complex sample preparation all hinder achieving a better understanding of the human brain functioning in the subcellular context. Herein, X-ray nanoholotomography is introduced as an emerging synchrotron radiation-based technology for large-scale, label-free, direct imaging with isotropic voxel sizes down to 25 nm, exhibiting a spatial resolution down to 88 nm. The procedure is nondestructive as it does not require physical slicing. Hence, it allows subsequent imaging by complementary techniques, including histology. The feasibility of this 3D imaging approach is demonstrated on human cerebellum and neocortex specimens derived from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. The obtained results are compared to hematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections and showcase the ability for rapid hierarchical neuroimaging and automatic rebuilding of the neuronal architecture at the level of a single cell nucleolus. The findings indicate that nanoholotomography can complement microscopy not only by large isotropic volumetric data but also by morphological details on the sub-100 nm level, addressing many of the present challenges in brain tissue characterization and probably becoming an important tool in nanoanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Khimchenko
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Pacureanu
- ID16A‐NI Nano‐Imaging BeamlineEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)38043GrenobleFrance
| | - Simone E. Hieber
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Peter Thalmann
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Hans Deyhle
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Gabriel Schweighauser
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of NeuropathologyBasel University Hospital4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of NeuropathologyBasel University Hospital4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of PathologyDepartment of NeuropathologyBasel University Hospital4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Magdalena Müller‐Gerbl
- Musculoskeletal Research GroupDepartment of BiomedicineUniversity of Basel4056BaselSwitzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
| | - Peter Cloetens
- ID16A‐NI Nano‐Imaging BeamlineEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)38043GrenobleFrance
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center (BMC)Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel4123AllschwilSwitzerland
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Abstract
Localizing a histological section in the three-dimensional dataset of a different imaging modality is a challenging 2D-3D registration problem. In the literature, several approaches have been proposed to solve this problem; however, they cannot be considered as fully automatic. Recently, we developed an automatic algorithm that could successfully find the position of a histological section in a micro computed tomography (μCT) volume. For the majority of the datasets, the result of localization corresponded to the manual results. However, for some datasets, the matching μCT slice was off the ground-truth position. Furthermore, elastic distortions, due to histological preparation, could not be accounted for in this framework. In the current study, we introduce two optimization frameworks based on normalized mutual information, which enabled us to accurately register histology slides to volume data. The rigid approach allocated 81 % of histological sections with a median position error of 8.4 μm in jaw bone datasets, and the deformable approach improved registration by 33 μm with respect to the median distance error for four histological slides in the cerebellum dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chicherova
- Center for medical Image Analysis & Navigation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland.,Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - S E Hieber
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - A Khimchenko
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - C Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - B Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - P Cattin
- Center for medical Image Analysis & Navigation, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
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9
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Bikis C, Degrugillier L, Thalmann P, Schulz G, Müller B, Hieber SE, Kalbermatten DF, Madduri S. Three-dimensional imaging and analysis of entire peripheral nerves after repair and reconstruction. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 295:37-44. [PMID: 29179953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We wanted to achieve a three-dimensional (3D), non-destructive imaging and automatic post-analysis and evaluation of reconstructed peripheral nerves without involving cutting and staining processes. NEW METHOD We used a laboratory-based micro computed tomography system for imaging, as well as a custom analysis protocol. The sample preparation was also adapted in order to achieve 3D images with true micrometer resolution and suitable contrast. RESULTS Analysis of the acquired tomograms enabled the quantitative assessment of 3D tissue structures, i.e., surface morphology, nerve fascicles, nerve tissue volume, geometry, and vascular regrowth. The resulting data showed significant differences between operated animals and non-operated controls. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our approach avoids the sampling error associated with conventional 2D visualization approaches and holds promise for automation of the analysis of large series of datasets. CONCLUSIONS We have presented a potential way for 3D imaging and analysis of entire regenerated nerves non-destructively, paving the way for high-throughput analysis of therapeutic conditions of treating adult nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Degrugillier
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Thalmann
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Simone E Hieber
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel F Kalbermatten
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Pathology, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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10
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Bikis C, Thalmann P, Degrugillier L, Schulz G, Müller B, Kalbermatten DF, Madduri S, Hieber SE. Three-dimensional and non-destructive characterization of nerves inside conduits using laboratory-based micro computed tomography. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 294:59-66. [PMID: 29129635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histological assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration in animals is tedious, time-consuming and challenging for three-dimensional analysis. NEW METHOD The present study reports on how and to what extent micro computed tomography of paraffin-embedded samples can provide a reliable three-dimensional approach for quantitative analysis of peripheral nerves. RESULTS Rat sciatic nerves were harvested, formalin-fixated, positioned into nerve conduits (NC), paraffin-embedded, and imaged using a laboratory-based X-ray microtomography system with an isotropic voxel length of 4μm. Suitable quantitative measures were identified and automatically evaluated, i.e. nerve length, cross-sectional area and volume, as well as vascular structures, to be used as an assessment and comparison indicator of regeneration quality. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Compared to imaging using contrast agents, the investigated specimens can subsequently undergo the conventional histological analysis without requiring additional preparation steps. Contrast and spatial resolution are also increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the potential of the micro computed tomography for non-destructive monitoring of peripheral nerves inside the conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Thalmann
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Degrugillier
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel F Kalbermatten
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Srinivas Madduri
- Center for Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Basel University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Simone E Hieber
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Perrin RL, Zakova M, Peroni M, Bernatowicz K, Bikis C, Knopf AK, Safai S, Fernandez-Carmona P, Tscharner N, Weber DC, Parkel TC, Lomax AJ. An anthropomorphic breathing phantom of the thorax for testing new motion mitigation techniques for pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:2486-2504. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/62/6/2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hieber SE, Bikis C, Khimchenko A, Schweighauser G, Hench J, Chicherova N, Schulz G, Müller B. Tomographic brain imaging with nucleolar detail and automatic cell counting. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32156. [PMID: 27581254 PMCID: PMC5007499 DOI: 10.1038/srep32156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tissue evaluation is essential for gaining in-depth insight into its diseases and disorders. Imaging the human brain in three dimensions has always been a challenge on the cell level. In vivo methods lack spatial resolution, and optical microscopy has a limited penetration depth. Herein, we show that hard X-ray phase tomography can visualise a volume of up to 43 mm3 of human post mortem or biopsy brain samples, by demonstrating the method on the cerebellum. We automatically identified 5,000 Purkinje cells with an error of less than 5% at their layer and determined the local surface density to 165 cells per mm2 on average. Moreover, we highlight that three-dimensional data allows for the segmentation of sub-cellular structures, including dendritic tree and Purkinje cell nucleoli, without dedicated staining. The method suggests that automatic cell feature quantification of human tissues is feasible in phase tomograms obtained with isotropic resolution in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone E Hieber
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Anna Khimchenko
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Schweighauser
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Chicherova
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.,Medical Image Analysis Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Gewerbestrasse 14, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Khimchenko A, Deyhle H, Schulz G, Schweighauser G, Hench J, Chicherova N, Bikis C, Hieber SE, Müller B. Extending two-dimensional histology into the third dimension through conventional micro computed tomography. Neuroimage 2016; 139:26-36. [PMID: 27321044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological examination achieves sub-micrometer resolution laterally. In the third dimension, however, resolution is limited to section thickness. In addition, histological sectioning and mounting sections on glass slides introduce tissue-dependent stress and strain. In contrast, state-of-the-art hard X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT) systems provide isotropic sub-micrometer resolution and avoid sectioning artefacts. The drawback of μCT in the absorption contrast mode for visualising physically soft tissue is a low attenuation difference between anatomical features. In this communication, we demonstrate that formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human cerebellum yields appropriate absorption contrast in laboratory-based μCT data, comparable to conventional histological sections. Purkinje cells, for example, are readily visible. In order to investigate the pros and cons of complementary approaches, two- and three-dimensional data were manually and automatically registered. The joint histogram of histology and the related μCT slice allows for a detailed discussion on how to integrate two-dimensional information from histology into a three-dimensional tomography dataset. This methodology is not only rewarding for the analysis of the human cerebellum, but it also has relevance for investigations of tissue biopsies and post-mortem applications. Our data indicate that laboratory-based μCT as a modality can fill the gap between synchrotron radiation-based μCT and histology for a variety of tissues. As the information from haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections and μCT data is related, one can colourise local X-ray absorption values according to the H&E stain. Hence, μCT data can correlate and virtually extend two-dimensional (2D) histology data into the third dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Khimchenko
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Hans Deyhle
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Schweighauser
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Chicherova
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland; Medical Image Analysis Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Christos Bikis
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Simone E Hieber
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Bert Müller
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland.
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Bikis C, Moris D, Vasileiou I, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. FAK/Src family of kinases: protective or aggravating factor for ischemia reperfusion injury in nervous system? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:539-49. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.990374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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