1
|
Louro AF, Meliciano A, Alves PM, Costa MHG, Serra M. A roadmap towards manufacturing extracellular vesicles for cardiac repair. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:1305-1322. [PMID: 38653588 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
For the past two decades researchers have linked extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated mechanisms to various physiological and pathological processes in the heart, such as immune response regulation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and the survival and growth of cardiomyocytes. Although use of EVs has gathered momentum in the cardiac field, several obstacles in both upstream and downstream processes during EV manufacture need to be addressed before clinical success can be achieved. Low EV yields obtained in small-scale cultures deter clinical translation, as mass production is a prerequisite to meet therapeutic doses. Moreover, standardizing EV manufacture is critical given the inherent heterogeneity of EVs and the constraints of current isolation techniques. In this review, we discuss the critical steps for the large-scale manufacturing of high-potency EVs for cardiac therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Louro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Meliciano
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta H G Costa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wies Mancini VSB, Mattera VS, Pasquini JM, Pasquini LA, Correale JD. Microglia-derived extracellular vesicles in homeostasis and demyelination/remyelination processes. J Neurochem 2024; 168:3-25. [PMID: 38055776 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia (MG) play a crucial role as the predominant myeloid cells in the central nervous system and are commonly activated in multiple sclerosis. They perform essential functions under normal conditions, such as actively surveying the surrounding parenchyma, facilitating synaptic remodeling, engulfing dead cells and debris, and protecting the brain against infectious pathogens and harmful self-proteins. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse structures enclosed by a lipid bilayer that originate from intracellular endocytic trafficking or the plasma membrane. They are released by cells into the extracellular space and can be found in various bodily fluids. EVs have recently emerged as a communication mechanism between cells, enabling the transfer of functional proteins, lipids, different RNA species, and even fragments of DNA from donor cells. MG act as both source and recipient of EVs. Consequently, MG-derived EVs are involved in regulating synapse development and maintaining homeostasis. These EVs also directly influence astrocytes, significantly increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, resulting in a robust inflammatory response. Furthermore, EVs derived from inflammatory MG have been found to inhibit remyelination, whereas Evs produced by pro-regenerative MG effectively promote myelin repair. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of MG-derived Evs, their impact on neighboring cells, and the cellular microenvironment in normal conditions and pathological states, specifically focusing on demyelination and remyelination processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S B Wies Mancini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V S Mattera
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J M Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L A Pasquini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J D Correale
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Neurología, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alternative biological sources for extracellular vesicles production and purification strategies for process scale-up. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108092. [PMID: 36608746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipidic bi-layer enclosed nanoparticles secreted naturally by all cell types. They are attracting increasing attention in the fields of nanomedicine, nutraceutics and cosmetics as biocompatible carriers for drug delivery, with intrinsic properties beneficial to human health. Scientific work now focuses on developing techniques for isolating EVs that can translate into industrial-scale production and meet rigorous clinical requirements. The science of EVs is ongoing, and many pitfalls must be addressed, such as the requirement for standard, reproducible, inexpensive, and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) adherent EV processing techniques. Researchers are exploring the use of alternative sources to EVs derived from mammalian cultures, such as plant EVs, as well as the use of bacteria, algae and milk. Regarding the downstream processing of EVs, many alternative techniques to the ultracentrifugation (UC) protocols most commonly used in the laboratory are emerging. In the context of process scale-up, membrane-based processes for isolation and purification of EVs are the most promising, either as stand-alone processes or in combination with chromatographic techniques. This review discusses current trends on EVs source selection and EVs downstream processing techniques, with a focus on plant-derived EVs and membrane-based techniques for EVs enrichment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu P, Ying J, Wang Y, Jiang T, Pan Z, Zhao C, Li J, Li C. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From 3D Cultured Antler Stem Cells Serve as a New Drug Vehicle in Osteosarcoma Treatment. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231219830. [PMID: 38102784 PMCID: PMC10725652 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231219830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from antler reserve mesenchymal (RM) cells play an important role in the paracrine regulation during rapid growth of antler without forming a tumor; therefore, RM-EVs become novel materials for anti-tumor studies, such as osteosarcoma treatment. However, the problem of low production of RM-EVs in traditional 2D culture limits its mechanism research and application. In this study, we established an optimal 3D culture system for antler RM cells to produce EVs (3D-RM-EVs). Morphology and property of harvested 3D-RM-EVs were normal compared with EVs from conventional 2D culture, and the miRNA profile in them was basically the same through transcriptome sequencing analysis. Based on the same number of RM cells, the volume of the culture medium collected by 3D cultural system concentrated nearly 30 times, making it more convenient for subsequent purification. In addition, EVs were harvested 30 times in 3D cultural system, greatly increasing the total amount of EVs (harvested a total of 2-3 times in 2D culture). Although 3D-RM-EVs had a limited inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K7M2 cells, the inhibition effect of 3D-RM-EVs loaded drugs (Ifosfamide + Etoposide) were more significant than that of positive drug group alone (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that 3D-RM-EVs loaded drugs (Ifosfamide + Etoposide) had the most significant tumor inhibition effect, with decreased tumor size, and could slow down body weight loss compared with Ifosfamide + Etoposide (IFO + ET) group. These results demonstrated that 3D-RM-EVs were efficiently prepared from antler RM cells and were effective as drug vehicles for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hu
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinchi Ying
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yusu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiantian Jiang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Pan
- China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiping Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Isaković J, Šerer K, Barišić B, Mitrečić D. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: The light or the dark side of the force? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1139359. [PMID: 36926687 PMCID: PMC10011535 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1139359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are recognized as major causes of death and disability worldwide. Because of this, they represent one of the largest public health challenges. With awareness of the massive burden associated with these disorders, came the recognition that treatment options were disproportionately scarce and, oftentimes, ineffective. To address these problems, modern research is increasingly looking into novel, more effective methods to treat neurological patients; one of which is cell-based therapies. In this review, we present a critical analysis of the features, challenges, and prospects of one of the stem cell types that can be employed to treat numerous neurological disorders-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Despite the fact that several studies have already established the safety of MSC-based treatment approaches, there are still some reservations within the field regarding their immunocompatibility, heterogeneity, stemness stability, and a range of adverse effects-one of which is their tumor-promoting ability. We additionally examine MSCs' mechanisms of action with respect to in vitro and in vivo research as well as detail the findings of past and ongoing clinical trials for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses prospects for MSC-based therapeutics in the form of biomaterials, as well as the use of electromagnetic fields to enhance MSCs' proliferation and differentiation into neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Isaković
- Omnion Research International, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Šerer
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Barišić
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hisey CL, Artuyants A, Guo G, Chang V, Reshef G, Middleditch M, Jacob B, Chamley LW, Blenkiron C. Investigating the consistency of extracellular vesicle production from breast cancer subtypes using CELLine adherent bioreactors. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e60. [PMID: 38938775 PMCID: PMC11080891 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) research has grown rapidly in recent years, largely due to the potential use of EVs as liquid biopsy biomarkers or therapeutics. However, in-depth characterisation and validation of EVs produced using conventional in vitro cultures can be challenging due to the large area of cell monolayers and volumes of culture media required. To overcome this obstacle, multiple bioreactor designs have been tested for EV production with varying success, but the consistency of EVs produced over time in these systems has not been reported previously. In this study, we demonstrate that several breast cancer cell lines of different subtypes can be cultured simultaneously in space, resource, and time efficient manner using CELLine AD 1000 systems, allowing the consistent production of vast amounts of EVs for downstream experimentation. We report an improved workflow used for inoculating, maintaining, and monitoring the bioreactors, their EV production, and the characterisation of the EVs produced. Lastly, our proteomic analyses of the EVs produced throughout the lifetime of the bioreactors show that core EV-associated proteins are relatively consistent, with few minor variations over time, but that tracking the production of EVs is a convenient method to indirectly monitor the bioreactor and consistency of the yielded EVs. These findings will aid future studies requiring the simultaneous production of large amounts of EVs from several cell lines of different subtypes of a disease and other EV biomanufacturing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin L. Hisey
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle InvestigationsUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Anastasiia Artuyants
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle InvestigationsUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - George Guo
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Vanessa Chang
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle InvestigationsUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Gabrielle Reshef
- Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | | | - Bincy Jacob
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Lawrence W. Chamley
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle InvestigationsUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle InvestigationsUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Auckland Cancer Society Research CentreUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Joint Tissue Protective and Immune-Modulating miRNA Landscape of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles under Different Osteoarthritis-Mimicking Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071400. [PMID: 35890296 PMCID: PMC9321932 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine related to orthopedic conditions, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as innovative clinical options. The definition of EV-shuttled signals and their modulation under orthopedic settings, such as osteoarthritis (OA), is crucial for MSC-related research, both for basic science and for use in clinical settings, either as therapeutics or as producers of cell-free products such as EVs or secretome. The objective of this work is to compare the literature available on high-throughput EV-miRNA data obtained from adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) in standard conditions or cultured in high levels of IFNγ, low-level inflammatory conditions mimicking OA synovial fluid (SF), and OA-SF. The first result was that both IFNγ and low-level inflammatory treatment led to an increase, whereas SF led to a reduction in EV release. Second, more than 200 EV-miRNAs were found to be shared across the different conditions. After a bioinformatics search through experimentally validated and OA-related targets, pathways and tissues, several miRNAs resulted in the restoration of cartilage and synovium stability and the homeostasis of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, promoting their switch towards an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Third, IFNγ and especially SF culturing were able to modulate the overall EV-miRNA fingerprint, although the main molecular messages related to OA resulted conserved between treatments with the majority of modulations within 2-fold range. In conclusion, ASC EV-miRNAs may be modulated in their overall landscape by OA-related culturing conditions albeit resulted largely stable in their specific OA-protective signals allowing for a faster clinical translation of these new cell-free therapies for joint diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Loch-Neckel G, Matos AT, Vaz AR, Brites D. Challenges in the Development of Drug Delivery Systems Based on Small Extracellular Vesicles for Therapy of Brain Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839790. [PMID: 35422699 PMCID: PMC9002061 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have ∼30–200 nm diameter size and may act as carriers of different cargoes, depending on the cell of origin or on the physiological/pathological condition. As endogenous nanovesicles, sEVs are important in intercellular communication and have many of the desirable features of an ideal drug delivery system. sEVs are naturally biocompatible, with superior targeting capability, safety profile, nanometric size, and can be loaded with both lipophilic and hydrophilic agents. Because of their biochemical and physical properties, sEVs are considered a promising strategy over other delivery vehicles in the central nervous system (CNS) since they freely cross the blood-brain barrier and they can be directed to specific nerve cells, potentiating a more precise targeting of their cargo. In addition, sEVs remain stable in the peripheral circulation, making them attractive nanocarrier systems to promote neuroregeneration. This review focuses on the recent progress in methods for manufacturing, isolating, and engineering sEVs that can be used as a therapeutic strategy to overcome neurodegeneration associated with pathologies of the CNS, with particular emphasis on Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases, as well as on brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gecioni Loch-Neckel
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Matos
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Vaz
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuroinflammation, Signaling and Neuroregeneration Lab, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muire PJ, Thompson MA, Christy RJ, Natesan S. Advances in Immunomodulation and Immune Engineering Approaches to Improve Healing of Extremity Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4074. [PMID: 35456892 PMCID: PMC9032453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed healing of traumatic wounds often stems from a dysregulated immune response initiated or exacerbated by existing comorbidities, multiple tissue injury or wound contamination. Over decades, approaches towards alleviating wound inflammation have been centered on interventions capable of a collective dampening of various inflammatory factors and/or cells. However, a progressive understanding of immune physiology has rendered deeper knowledge on the dynamic interplay of secreted factors and effector cells following an acute injury. There is a wide body of literature, both in vitro and in vivo, abstracted on the immunomodulatory approaches to control inflammation. Recently, targeted modulation of the immune response via biotechnological approaches and biomaterials has gained attention as a means to restore the pro-healing phenotype and promote tissue regeneration. In order to fully realize the potential of these approaches in traumatic wounds, a critical and nuanced understanding of the relationships between immune dysregulation and healing outcomes is needed. This review provides an insight on paradigm shift towards interventional approaches to control exacerbated immune response following a traumatic injury from an agonistic to a targeted path. We address such a need by (1) providing a targeted discussion of the wound healing processes to assist in the identification of novel therapeutic targets and (2) highlighting emerging technologies and interventions that utilize an immunoengineering-based approach. In addition, we have underscored the importance of immune engineering as an emerging tool to provide precision medicine as an option to modulate acute immune response following a traumatic injury. Finally, an overview is provided on how an intervention can follow through a successful clinical application and regulatory pathway following laboratory and animal model evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti J. Muire
- Combat Wound Care Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA; (M.A.T.); (R.J.C.)
| | | | | | - Shanmugasundaram Natesan
- Combat Wound Care Research Department, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Ft Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA; (M.A.T.); (R.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prasai A, Jay JW, Jupiter D, Wolf SE, El Ayadi A. Role of Exosomes in Dermal Wound Healing: A Systematic Review. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:662-678.e8. [PMID: 34461128 PMCID: PMC9400548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy imparts its therapeutic effects through soluble GFs and vesicular bodies such as exosomes. A systematic review with a meta-analysis of preclinical studies was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the modified Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable guidelines to identify exosomes as an archetype biological therapy for dermal wound healing and to provide guidelines for the concentrations to be used in preclinical studies. A total of 51 rodent studies were included in the systematic review and 9 were included in the meta-analysis section. Three independent reviewers cross-screened eligibility and selected studies for quality assessment from 3,064 published studies on exosomes and wound healing. The mean quality scores for all studies were 5.08 ± 0.752 and 5.11 ± 1.13 for systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Exosome effects were reported to have the highest efficacy at 7 days (OR = 1.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.69‒2.95) than at 14 days (OR = 2.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.01‒4.56) after administration. Exosomes were reported to regulate all phases of skin wound healing, mostly by the actions of circulating microRNA. The outcome of this review may be used to guide preclinical and clinical studies on the role of exosomes in wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anesh Prasai
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grangier A, Branchu J, Volatron J, Piffoux M, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C, Silva AKA. Technological advances towards extracellular vesicles mass production. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113843. [PMID: 34147532 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are becoming essential actors in bio-therapeutics, as much for their regenerative or immunomodulatory properties as for their potential as cargo delivery vehicles. To enable the democratization of these EV-based therapies, many challenges remain such as large-scale production which is necessary to reduce costs of treatment. Herein, we review some advanced works on high-yield EV manufacturing. One approach consists in developing large-scale cell culture platforms, while others focus on cell stimulation to increase particle yield per cell. This can be done by moderate physico-chemical stresses or by disrupting cell membrane towards autoassembled vesicle-like particles. We critically compare these different techniques, keeping in mind that the field still lacks shared characterization standards, underline the importance of therapeutic potency assessment and discuss mass production strategies that have been identified in current clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Grangier
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75013 and 75006 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Max Piffoux
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75013 and 75006 Paris, France; Everzom, 75006 Paris, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75013 and 75006 Paris, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75013 and 75006 Paris, France; Laboratoire PhysicoChimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University - Sorbonne Université - CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Laboratoire MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS UMR 7057, Université de Paris, 75013 and 75006 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yao X, Lyu P, Yoo K, Yadav MK, Singh R, Atala A, Lu B. Engineered extracellular vesicles as versatile ribonucleoprotein delivery vehicles for efficient and safe CRISPR genome editing. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12076. [PMID: 33747370 PMCID: PMC7962171 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient delivery of CRISPR-based genome editing effectors is important to reduce off-target effects and immune responses. Recently extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been explored for Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery. However, lack of mechanisms to enrich RNPs into EVs limited the efficiency of EVs as a RNP delivery vehicle. Here we describe a mechanism to actively enrich RNPs into EVs. We used the specific interaction between RNA aptamer and aptamer-binding protein (ABP) to enrich RNPs into EVs. We inserted RNA aptamer com into single guide RNA (sgRNA), and fused com-binding ABP Com to both termini of tetraspan protein CD63 that is abundant in exosomes. We found that the Com/com interaction enriched Cas9 and adenine base editor (ABE) RNPs into EVs, via forming a three-component complex including CD63-Com fusion protein, com-modified sgRNA and Cas9 or ABE. The RNP enriched EVs are efficient in genome editing and transiently expressed. The system is capable of delivering RNPs targeting multiple loci for multiplex genome editing. In addition, Cas9 from different species can be used together. The EV-delivered RNPs are active in vivo. The data show that the aptamer and ABP interactions can be utilized to actively enrich RNPs into EVs for improved genome editing efficiency and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Yao
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure ResearchGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug ScreeningSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouP. R. China
| | - Pin Lyu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kyung Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Manish Kumar Yadav
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest University Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Baisong Lu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University Health SciencesWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen L, Mou S, Hou J, Fang H, Zeng Y, Sun J, Wang Z. Simple application of adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles coating enhances cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity of titanium implant. Regen Biomater 2020; 8:rbaa038. [PMID: 33732487 PMCID: PMC7947573 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface modification using bioactive molecules is frequently performed to improve the biological properties of medical metal biomaterial titanium (Ti) implants. Developmental evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) served as potent bioactive component. As a subset of MSC-EV, adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (ADSC-EVs) could be obtained from abundant adipose tissue. Meanwhile, it possesses multiple regenerative properties and might be used to endow biological activities to medical Ti implant. Here, we present a simple ADSC-EV coating strategy based on physisorption of fibronectin. This ADSC-EV functionalized Ti implants (EV-Ti) revealed enhanced osteoblast compatibility and osteoinductive activity. Cell spreading area of EV-Ti group was 1.62- and 1.48-fold larger than that of Ti group after 6 and 12 h of cell seeding, respectively. Moreover, EV-Ti promoted alkaline phosphatase, collagen 1 and osteocalcin gene expression in osteoblast by 1.51-, 1.68- and 1.82-fold compared with pristine Ti, respectively. Thus, the MSC-EVs modification method reported here provide a clinically translatable strategy to promote the bioactivity of Ti implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinfei Hou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huimin Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuyang Zeng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Superficial Organ Reconstruction, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pishavar E, Copus JS, Atala A, Lee SJ. Comparison Study of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:1044-1054. [PMID: 33045930 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great promise in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Recently, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived EVs have been considered for bone tissue engineering applications. In this study, we evaluated the osteogenic capability of placental stem cell (PSC)-derived EVs and compared them to the well-characterized BMSC-derived EVs. EVs were extracted from three designated time points (0, 7, and 21 days) after osteogenic differentiation. The results showed that the PSC-derived EVs had much higher protein and lipid concentrations than EVs derived from BMSCs. The extracted EVs were characterized by observing their morphology and size distribution before utilizing next-generation sequencing to determine their microRNA (miRNA) profiles. A total of 306 miRNAs within the EVs were identified, of which 64 were significantly expressed in PSC-derived EVs that related to osteogenic differentiation. In vitro osteogenic differentiation study indicated the late-stage (21-day extracted)-derived EVs higher osteogenic enhancing capability when compared with the early stage-derived EVs. We demonstrated that EVs derived from PSCs could be a new source of EVs for bone tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Pishavar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Joshua S Copus
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee JH, Ha DH, Go HK, Youn J, Kim HK, Jin RC, Miller RB, Kim DH, Cho BS, Yi YW. Reproducible Large-Scale Isolation of Exosomes from Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Application in Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4774. [PMID: 32635660 PMCID: PMC7370182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a fatal medical episode caused by sudden kidney damage or failure, leading to the death of patients within a few hours or days. Previous studies demonstrated that exosomes derived from various mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC-exosomes) have positive effects on renal injuries in multiple experimental animal models of kidney diseases including AKI. However, the mass production of exosomes is a challenge not only in preclinical studies with large animals but also for successful clinical applications. In this respect, tangential flow filtration (TFF) is suitable for good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant large-scale production of high-quality exosomes. Until now, no studies have been reported on the use of TFF, but rather ultracentrifugation has been almost exclusively used, to isolate exosomes for AKI therapeutic application in preclinical studies. Here, we demonstrated the reproducible large-scale production of exosomes derived from adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC-exosomes) using TFF and the lifesaving effect of the ASC-exosomes in a lethal model of cisplatin-induced rat AKI. Our results suggest the possibility of large-scale stable production of ASC-exosomes without loss of function and their successful application in life-threatening diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Lee
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | - Dae Hyun Ha
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | | | - Jinkwon Youn
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | - Hyun-keun Kim
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | | | | | | | - Byong Seung Cho
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- ExoCoBio Exosome Institue (EEI), ExoCoBio Inc., Seoul 08594, Korea; (J.H.L.); (D.H.H.); (J.Y.); (H.-k.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Extracellular Vesicles in Modifying the Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225527. [PMID: 31698689 PMCID: PMC6888126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated nanovesicles actively secreted by almost all cell types. EVs can travel long distances within the body, being finally taken up by the target cells, transferring information from one cell to another, thus influencing their behavior. The cargo of EVs comprises of nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins derived from the cell of origin, thereby it is cell-type specific; moreover, it differs between diseased and normal cells. Several studies have shown that EVs have a role in tumor formation and prognosis. It was also demonstrated that ionizing radiation can alter the cargo of EVs. EVs, in turn can modulate radiation responses and they play a role in radiation-induced bystander effects. Due to their biocompatibility and selective targeting, EVs are suitable nanocarrier candidates of drugs in various diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, the cargo of EVs can be engineered, and in this way they can be designed to carry certain genes or even drugs, similar to synthetic nanoparticles. In this review, we describe the biological characteristics of EVs, focusing on the recent efforts to use EVs as nanocarriers in oncology, the effects of EVs in radiation therapy, highlighting the possibilities to use EVs as nanocarriers to modulate radiation effects in clinical applications.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chignon-Sicard B, Hofman V, Chevallier D, Cucchi JM, Ilié M, Dadone-Montaudié B, Paul F, Carpentier X, Quintens H, Bence-Gauchiez C, Caselles D, Rossant J, Durand M, Bertolotti R. Age-related schwannomatosis with potential exosome-mediated contribution to prostate hyperplasia: a case report and mini-review. Ther Adv Urol 2019; 11:1756287219875578. [PMID: 31632463 PMCID: PMC6767708 DOI: 10.1177/1756287219875578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old Caucasian man incurring a prostate hypertrophy presented with a
right forearm nodule, the growth of which appeared to parallel the rise in his
blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Echographic examination was
consistent with a median-nerve schwannoma, and was confirmed upon magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI). Excision of the nodule was readily performed without
significant neural damage, and its schwannoma nature was confirmed upon
immunohistochemistry analysis. Importantly, blood PSA dropped abruptly from ≈13
to ≈5 ng/ml within 2 months postschwannoma resection, a swift drastic reduction
unachievable with oral dutasteride alone. However, 6 weeks later, a new nodule
became apparent on the back of the left knee and was identified as a second
schwannoma, thereby suggesting that its growth could have been stimulated by the
resection of the first schwannoma, as previously described for vestibular
schwannomas. The second schwannoma was in fact two: the bigger one was in the
common fibular nerve and the smaller one in the tibial nerve. Both echography
and MRI results were confirmed upon surgical resection of the bigger knee
schwannoma. Although the third schwannoma has not yet been resected and formally
characterized, we face a schwannomatosis case with an unexpected potential
exosome-mediated stimulating effect on PSA secretion (PSA immunohistochemistry
was negative on both schwannomas). On the other hand, preliminary genomic
analysis showed a deficient balance for chromosome 22, the very chromosome
carrying the three main genes involved in schwannomatosis. This age-related
schwannomatosis case is thus discussed in light of the following: age-related
DNA repair deficiency culminating in loss of chromosome/heterozygosity; CpG
methylation/demethylation-based epigenetic aging; age-related functional decline
of the immune system responsible for inefficient elimination of abnormal cells
and subsequent tumorigenic cell turn-over; exosome-mediated pathologic
intercellular communications; and prostate-invading brain neural progenitors as
pathologic peripheral nervous system (PNS) cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère Chignon-Sicard
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Pasteur 2 University Hospital, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur 2 University Hospital, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Daniel Chevallier
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Pasteur 2 University Hospital, Côte d'Azur University, 06001 Nice Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Marius Ilié
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur 2 University Hospital, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | | | - Florence Paul
- Private Medical Imaging Center "777", Saint-Laurent du Var, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Matthieu Durand
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Pasteur 2 University Hospital, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| | - Roger Bertolotti
- Gene Therapy and Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yao X, Wei W, Wang X, Chenglin L, Björklund M, Ouyang H. Stem cell derived exosomes: microRNA therapy for age-related musculoskeletal disorders. Biomaterials 2019; 224:119492. [PMID: 31557588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have been historically overlooked by mainstream biopharmaceutical researchers. However, it has now been recognized that stem and progenitor cells confer innate healing capacity for the musculoskeletal system. Current evidence indicates that exosomes are particularly important in this process as they can mediate sequential and reciprocal interactions between cells to initiate and enhance healing. The present review focuses on stem cells (SCs) derived exosomes as a regenerative therapy for treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. We discuss mechanisms involving exosome-mediated transfer of RNAs and how these have been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo to affect signal transduction pathways in target cells. We envision that standardized protocols for stem cell culture as well as for the isolation and characterization of exosomes enable GMP-compliant large-scale production of SCs-derived exosomes. Hence, potential new treatment for age-related degenerative diseases can be seen in the horizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Yao
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University, Haining, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University, Haining, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhao Wang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University, Haining, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Chenglin
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University, Haining, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mikael Björklund
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University, Haining, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ouyang B, Xie Y, Zhang C, Deng C, Lv L, Yao J, Zhang Y, Liu G, Deng J, Deng C. Extracellular Vesicles From Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorate Erectile Dysfunction in a Diabetic Rat Model by Delivering Proangiogenic MicroRNA. Sex Med 2019; 7:241-250. [PMID: 30910509 PMCID: PMC6522949 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell therapies represent a promising new frontier for the treatment of refractory diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED). The use of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a novel strategy for cell-free stem cell therapy. We have reported that urine-derived stem cells (USCs) can improve DED; however, the therapeutic effects of EVs secreted by USCs (USC-EVs) remain unknown. AIM To determine the therapeutic effects of USC-EVs on DED in a rat model. METHODS USC-EVs were isolated from conditioned medium by ultracentrifugation. DED was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Sixteen DED rats were divided into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and USC-EV groups. Eight normal rats served as the normal control group. PBS or USC-EVs were transplanted into the corpora cavernosa in the corresponding groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Intracavernosal pressure (ICP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), expression of endothelial markers (CD31), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phospho-eNOS, and neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were assessed in each group. Masson's trichrome staining was used to determine the collagen deposition and ratio of smooth muscle cells to collagen. The microRNA (miRNA) cargo of USC-EVs was characterized by high-throughput RNA sequencing. RESULTS Recovery of erectile function was observed in the USC-EV group, as represented by improved ICP and ICP/MAP ratio. CD31, eNOS, phospho-eNOS, and nNOS expression in the penis was significantly improved in the USC-EV group. In addition, the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen was significantly increased in the USC-EV group. RNA sequencing revealed that USC-EVs were enriched for distinct classes of miRNA (miR-21-5p, let-7 family, miR-10 family, miR-30 family, and miR-148a-3p) that promote angiogenesis. CONCLUSION USC-EV transplantation can ameliorate DED in rats. Its mechanism may involve the delivery of proangiogenic miRNA. Ouyang B, Xie Y, Zhang C, et al. Extracellular Vesicles From Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorate Erectile Dysfunction in a Diabetic Rat Model by Delivering Proangiogenic MicroRNA. Sex Med 2019;7:241-250.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ouyang
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Department of Andrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Andrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuncan Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linyan Lv
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Yao
- Department of Andrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Guihua Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Research Center, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhong Deng
- Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Andrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Andrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|