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Ren B, Jiang Z, Murfee WL, Katz AJ, Siemann D, Huang Y. Realizations of vascularized tissues: From in vitro platforms to in vivo grafts. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011308. [PMID: 36938117 PMCID: PMC10015415 DOI: 10.1063/5.0131972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization is essential for realizing thick and functional tissue constructs that can be utilized for in vitro study platforms and in vivo grafts. The vasculature enables the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and wastes and is also indispensable to organ functional units such as the nephron filtration unit, the blood-air barrier, and the blood-brain barrier. This review aims to discuss the latest progress of organ-like vascularized constructs with specific functionalities and realizations even though they are not yet ready to be used as organ substitutes. First, the human vascular system is briefly introduced and related design considerations for engineering vascularized tissues are discussed. Second, up-to-date creation technologies for vascularized tissues are summarized and classified into the engineering and cellular self-assembly approaches. Third, recent applications ranging from in vitro tissue models, including generic vessel models, tumor models, and different human organ models such as heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, and brain, to prevascularized in vivo grafts for implantation and anastomosis are discussed in detail. The specific design considerations for the aforementioned applications are summarized and future perspectives regarding future clinical applications and commercialization are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Zhihua Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Walter Lee Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Adam J. Katz
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Dietmar Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Willi CE, Abdelazim H, Chappell JC. Evaluating cell viability, capillary perfusion, and collateral tortuosity in an ex vivo mouse intestine fluidics model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1008481. [PMID: 36568288 PMCID: PMC9780384 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1008481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous disease conditions involve the sudden or progressive loss of blood flow. Perfusion restoration is vital for returning affected organs to full health. While a range of clinical interventions can successfully restore flow to downstream tissues, the microvascular responses after a loss-of-flow event can vary over time and may involve substantial microvessel instability. Increased insight into perfusion-mediated capillary stability and access-to-flow is therefore essential for advancing therapeutic reperfusion strategies and improving patient outcomes. To that end, we developed a tissue-based microvascular fluidics model to better understand (i) microvascular stability and access-to-flow over an acute time course post-ischemia, and (ii) collateral flow in vessels neighboring an occlusion site. We utilized murine intestinal tissue regions by catheterizing a feeder artery and introducing perfusate at physiologically comparable flow-rates. The cannulated vessel as well as a portion of the downstream vessels and associated intestinal tissue were cultured while constant perfusion conditions were maintained. An occlusion was introduced in a selected arterial segment, and changes in perfusion within areas receiving varying degrees of collateral flow were observed over time. To observe the microvascular response to perfusion changes, we incorporated (i) tissues harboring cell-reporter constructs, specifically Ng2-DsRed labeling of intestinal pericytes, and (ii) different types of fluorescent perfusates to quantify capillary access-to-flow at discrete time points. In our model, we found that perfusion tracers could enter capillaries within regions downstream of an occlusion upon the initial introduction of perfusion, but at 24 h tissue perfusion was severely decreased. However, live/dead cell discrimination revealed that the tissue overall did not experience significant cell death, including that of microvascular pericytes, even after 48 h. Our findings suggest that altered flow conditions may rapidly initiate cellular responses that reduce capillary access-to-flow, even in the absence of cellular deterioration or hypoxia. Overall, this ex vivo tissue-based microfluidics model may serve as a platform upon which a variety of follow-on studies may be conducted. It will thus enhance our understanding of microvessel stability and access-to-flow during an occlusive event and the role of collateral flow during normal and disrupted perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Willi
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Hanaa Abdelazim
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - John C. Chappell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute (FBRI) at Virginia Tech-Carilion (VTC), Roanoke, VA, United States,FBRI Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States,Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States,*Correspondence: John C. Chappell,
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Rowe G, Heng DS, Beare JE, Hodges NA, Tracy EP, Murfee WL, LeBlanc AJ. Stromal Vascular Fraction Reverses the Age-Related Impairment in Revascularization following Injury. J Vasc Res 2022; 59:343-357. [PMID: 36075199 PMCID: PMC9780192 DOI: 10.1159/000526002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has emerged as a potential regenerative therapy, but few studies utilize SVF in a setting of advanced age. Additionally, the specific cell population in SVF providing therapeutic benefit is unknown. We hypothesized that aging would alter the composition of cell populations present in SVF and its ability to promote angiogenesis following injury, a mechanism that is T cell-mediated. SVF isolated from young and old Fischer 344 rats was examined with flow cytometry for cell composition. Mesenteric windows from old rats were isolated following exteriorization-induced (EI) hypoxic injury and intravenous injection of one of four cell therapies: (1) SVF from young or (2) old donors, (3) SVF from old donors depleted of or (4) enriched for T cells. Advancing age increased the SVF T-cell population but reduced revascularization following injury. Both young and aged SVF incorporated throughout the host mesenteric microvessels, but only young SVF significantly increased vascular area following EI. This study highlights the effect of donor age on SVF angiogenic efficacy and demonstrates how the ex vivo mesenteric-window model can be used in conjunction with SVF therapy to investigate its contribution to angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Rowe
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA,
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA,
| | - David S Heng
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jason E Beare
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nicholas A Hodges
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Evan P Tracy
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Lampejo AO, Hu NW, Lucas D, Lomel BM, Nguyen CM, Dominguez CC, Ren B, Huang Y, Murfee WL. A Challenge for Engineering Biomimetic Microvascular Models: How do we Incorporate the Physiology? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:912073. [PMID: 35795159 PMCID: PMC9252339 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.912073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gap between in vitro and in vivo assays has inspired biomimetic model development. Tissue engineered models that attempt to mimic the complexity of microvascular networks have emerged as tools for investigating cell-cell and cell-environment interactions that may be not easily viewed in vivo. A key challenge in model development, however, is determining how to recreate the multi-cell/system functional complexity of a real network environment that integrates endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, vascular pericytes, lymphatics, nerves, fluid flow, extracellular matrix, and inflammatory cells. The objective of this mini-review is to overview the recent evolution of popular biomimetic modeling approaches for investigating microvascular dynamics. A specific focus will highlight the engineering design requirements needed to match physiological function and the potential for top-down tissue culture methods that maintain complexity. Overall, examples of physiological validation, basic science discoveries, and therapeutic evaluation studies will emphasize the value of tissue culture models and biomimetic model development approaches that fill the gap between in vitro and in vivo assays and guide how vascular biologists and physiologists might think about the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arinola O. Lampejo
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nien-Wen Hu
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daniela Lucas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Banks M. Lomel
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christian M. Nguyen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Carmen C. Dominguez
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Bing Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Walter L. Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Walter L. Murfee,
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Dolan R, Lampejo AO, Santini-González J, Hodges NA, Phelps EA, Murfee WL. A Novel ex vivo Method for Investigating Vascularization of Transplanted Islets. J Vasc Res 2022; 59:229-238. [PMID: 35462373 PMCID: PMC9308658 DOI: 10.1159/000523925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Revascularization of transplanted pancreatic islets is critical for survival and treatment of type 1 diabetes. Questions concerning how islets influence local microvascular networks and how networks form connections with islets remain understudied and motivate the need for new models that mimic the complexity of real tissue. Recently, our laboratory established the rat mesentery culture model as a tool to investigate cell dynamics involved in microvascular growth. An advantage is the ability to observe blood vessels, lymphatics, and immune cells. The objective of this study was to establish the rat mesentery tissue culture model as a useful tool to investigate islet tissue integration. DiI-labeled islets were seeded onto adult rat mesentery tissues and cultured for up to 3 days. Live lectin labeling enabled time-lapse observation of vessel growth. During culture, DiI-positive islets remained intact. Radial lectin-positive capillary sprouts with DiI labeling were observed to form from islets and connect to host networks. Lectin-positive vessels from host networks were also seen growing toward islets. PECAM and NG2 labeling confirmed that vessels sprouting from islets contained endothelial cells and pericytes. Our results introduce the rat mesentery culture model as a platform for investigating dynamics associated with the initial revascularization of transplanted islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dolan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Arinola O Lampejo
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jorge Santini-González
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas A Hodges
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Edward A Phelps
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Hancock PC, Koduru SV, Sun M, Ravnic DJ. Induction of scaffold angiogenesis by recipient vasculature precision micropuncture. Microvasc Res 2021; 134:104121. [PMID: 33309646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The success of engineered tissues continues to be limited by time to vascularization and perfusion. Here, we studied the effects of precision injury to a recipient macrovasculature in promoting neovessel formation in an adjacently placed scaffold. Segmental 60 μm diameter micropunctures (MP) were created in the recipient rat femoral artery and vein followed by coverage with a simple collagen scaffold. Scaffolds were harvested at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-implantation for detailed analysis. Those placed on top of an MP segment showed an earlier and more robust cellular infiltration, including both endothelial cells (CD31) and macrophages (F4/80), compared to internal non-micropunctured control limbs (p < 0.05). At the 96-hour timepoint, MP scaffolds demonstrated an increase in physiologic perfusion (p < 0.003) and a 2.5-fold increase in capillary network formation (p < 0.001). These were attributed to an overall upsurge in small vessel quantity. Furthermore, MP positioned scaffolds demonstrated significant increases in many modulators of angiogenesis, including VEGFR2 and Tie-2 despite a decrease in HIF-1α at all timepoints. This study highlights a novel microsurgical approach that can be used to rapidly vascularize or inosculate contiguously placed scaffolds and grafts. Thereby, offering an easily translatable route towards the creation of thicker and more clinically relevant engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Hancock
- Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Srinivas V Koduru
- Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mingjie Sun
- Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dino J Ravnic
- Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Mastrullo V, Cathery W, Velliou E, Madeddu P, Campagnolo P. Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering: As Nature Intended? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:188. [PMID: 32266227 PMCID: PMC7099606 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the steady increase in the number of studies focusing on the development of tissue engineered constructs, solutions delivered to the clinic are still limited. Specifically, the lack of mature and functional vasculature greatly limits the size and complexity of vascular scaffold models. If tissue engineering aims to replace large portions of tissue with the intention of repairing significant defects, a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms and players regulating the angiogenic process is required in the field. This review will present the current material and technological advancements addressing the imperfect formation of mature blood vessels within tissue engineered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mastrullo
- Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - William Cathery
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Campagnolo
- Section of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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