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Prasad AS, Banu S, Das SS, Thomas LV. A Gelatin-Based Biomimetic Scaffold Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Indian J Orthop 2024; 58:932-943. [PMID: 38948364 PMCID: PMC11208375 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-024-01182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background In bone tissue engineering segment, numerous approaches have been investigated to address critically sized bone defects via 3D scaffolds, as the amount of autologous bone grafts are limited, accompanied with complications on harvesting. Moreover, the use of bone-marrow-derived stem cells is also a limiting factor owing to the invasive procedures involved and the low yield of stem cells. Hence, research is ongoing on the search for an ideal bone graft system promoting bone growth and regeneration. Purpose of the Study This study aims to develop a unique platform for tissue development via stem cell differentiation towards an osteogenic phenotype providing optimum biological cues for cell adhesion, differentiation and proliferation using biomimetic gelatin-based scaffolds. The use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in this study also offers an ideal approach for the development of an autologous bone graft. Methods A gelatin-vinyl acetate-based 3D scaffold system incorporating Bioglass was developed and the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) on the highly porous freeze-dried gelatin-vinyl acetate/ Bioglass scaffold (GB) system was analyzed. The physicochemical properties, cell proliferation and viability were investigated by seeding rat adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) onto the scaffolds. The osteogenic differentiation potential of the ADMSC seeded GeVAc/bioglass system was assessed using calcium deposition assay and bone-related protein and genes and comparing with the 3D Gelatin vinyl acetate coppolymer (GeVAc) constructs. Results and Conclusion According to the findings, the 3D porous GeVAc/bioglass scaffold can be considered as a promising matrix for bone tissue regeneration and the 3D architecture supports the differentiation of the ADMSCs into osteoblast cells and enhances the production of mineralized bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjitha S. Prasad
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012 India
| | - S. Banu
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012 India
| | - S. Silpa Das
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012 India
| | - Lynda V. Thomas
- Division of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Technologies, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695012 India
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Li P, Dai J, Li Y, Alexander D, Čapek J, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Wan G, Han J, Yu Z, Li A. Zinc based biodegradable metals for bone repair and regeneration: Bioactivity and molecular mechanisms. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100932. [PMID: 38298560 PMCID: PMC10826336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures and critical-size bone defects are significant public health issues, and clinical treatment outcomes are closely related to the intrinsic properties of the utilized implant materials. Zinc (Zn)-based biodegradable metals (BMs) have emerged as promising bioactive materials because of their exceptional biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, and controllable biodegradation. This review summarizes the state of the art in terms of Zn-based metals for bone repair and regeneration, focusing on bridging the gap between biological mechanism and required bioactivity. The molecular mechanism underlying the release of Zn ions from Zn-based BMs in the improvement of bone repair and regeneration is elucidated. By integrating clinical considerations and the specific bioactivity required for implant materials, this review summarizes the current research status of Zn-based internal fixation materials for promoting fracture healing, Zn-based scaffolds for regenerating critical-size bone defects, and Zn-based barrier membranes for reconstituting alveolar bone defects. Considering the significant progress made in the research on Zn-based BMs for potential clinical applications, the challenges and promising research directions are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yageng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Čapek
- FZU – the Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 18200, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Guojiang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jianmin Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
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Slavin BV, Nayak VV, Boczar D, Bergamo ET, Slavin BR, Yarholar LM, Torroni A, Coelho PG, Witek L. Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) of the Craniofacial Skeleton, Part II: Translational Potential of 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Defect Repair. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:261-267. [PMID: 37622526 PMCID: PMC10836599 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing and 3-dimensional (3D) printing techniques have revolutionized the approach to bone tissue engineering for the repair of craniomaxillofacial skeletal defects. Ample research has been performed to gain a fundamental understanding of the optimal 3D-printed scaffold design and composition to facilitate appropriate bone formation and healing. Benchtop and preclinical, small animal model testing of 3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffolds augmented with pharmacological/biological agents have yielded promising results given their potential combined osteogenic and osteoinductive capacity. However, other factors must be evaluated before newly developed constructs may be considered analogous alternatives to the "gold standard" autologous graft for defect repair. More specifically, the 3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffold's long-term safety profile, biocompatibility, and resorption kinetics must be studied. The ultimate goal is to successfully regenerate bone that is comparable in volume, density, histologic composition, and mechanical strength to that of native bone. In vivo studies of these newly developed bone tissue engineering in translational animal models continue to make strides toward addressing regulatory and clinically relevant topics. These include the use of skeletally immature animal models to address the challenges posed by craniomaxillofacial defect repair in pediatric patients. This manuscript reviews the most recent preclinical animal studies seeking to assess 3D-printed ceramic scaffolds for improved repair of critical-sized craniofacial bony defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasudev V Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Daniel Boczar
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Edmara Tp Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo, Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Biomaterials Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin R Slavin
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Lauren M Yarholar
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Andrea Torroni
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Paulo G Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY
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Ciaffaglione V, Rizzarelli E. Carnosine, Zinc and Copper: A Menage a Trois in Bone and Cartilage Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16209. [PMID: 38003398 PMCID: PMC10671046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated metal homeostasis is associated with many pathological conditions, including arthritic diseases. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the two most prevalent disorders that damage the joints and lead to cartilage and bone destruction. Recent studies show that the levels of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are generally altered in the serum of arthritis patients. Therefore, metal dyshomeostasis may reflect the contribution of these trace elements to the disease's pathogenesis and manifestations, suggesting their potential for prognosis and treatment. Carnosine (Car) also emerged as a biomarker in arthritis and exerts protective and osteogenic effects in arthritic joints. Notably, its zinc(II) complex, polaprezinc, has been recently proposed as a drug-repurposing candidate for bone fracture healing. On these bases, this review article aims to provide an overview of the beneficial roles of Cu and Zn in bone and cartilage health and their potential application in tissue engineering. The effects of Car and polaprezinc in promoting cartilage and bone regeneration are also discussed. We hypothesize that polaprezinc could exchange Zn for Cu, present in the culture media, due to its higher sequestering ability towards Cu. However, future studies should unveil the potential contribution of Cu in the beneficial effects of polaprezinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ciaffaglione
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Crystallography, National Council of Research (CNR), P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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5
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Nayak VV, Slavin B, Bergamo ETP, Boczar D, Slavin BR, Runyan C, Tovar N, Witek L, Coelho PG. Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) of the Craniofacial Skeleton, Part I: Evolution and Optimization of 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Repair of Defects. J Craniofac Surg 2023; 34:2016-2025. [PMID: 37639650 PMCID: PMC10592373 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration is a complex process that proceeds along the well-established wound healing pathway of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Recently, tissue engineering efforts have focused on the application of biological and technological principles for the development of soft and hard tissue substitutes. Aim is directed towards boosting pathways of the healing process to restore form and function of tissue deficits. Continued development of synthetic scaffolds, cell therapies, and signaling biomolecules seeks to minimize the need for autografting. Despite being the current gold standard treatment, it is limited by donor sites' size and shape, as well as donor site morbidity. Since the advent of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and additive manufacturing (AM) techniques (3D printing), bioengineering has expanded markedly while continuing to present innovative approaches to oral and craniofacial skeletal reconstruction. Prime examples include customizable, high-strength, load bearing, bioactive ceramic scaffolds. Porous macro- and micro-architecture along with the surface topography of 3D printed scaffolds favors osteoconduction and vascular in-growth, as well as the incorporation of stem and/or other osteoprogenitor cells and growth factors. This includes platelet concentrates (PCs), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and some pharmacological agents, such as dipyridamole (DIPY), an adenosine A 2A receptor indirect agonist that enhances osteogenic and osteoinductive capacity, thus improving bone formation. This two-part review commences by presenting current biological and engineering principles of bone regeneration utilized to produce 3D-printed ceramic scaffolds with the goal to create a viable alternative to autografts for craniofacial skeleton reconstruction. Part II comprehensively examines recent preclinical data to elucidate the potential clinical translation of such 3D-printed ceramic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudev V Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Blaire Slavin
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Edmara TP Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Biomaterials Division - NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Boczar
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Benjamin R. Slavin
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Runyan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nick Tovar
- Biomaterials Division - NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University, Langone Medical Center and Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lukasz Witek
- Biomaterials Division - NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Paulo G. Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Song Y, Wang N, Shi H, Zhang D, Wang Q, Guo S, Yang S, Ma J. Biomaterials combined with ADSCs for bone tissue engineering: current advances and applications. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad083. [PMID: 37808955 PMCID: PMC10551240 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, bone tissue engineering, which is supported by scaffold, seed cells and bioactive molecules (BMs), has provided new hope and direction for treating bone defects. In terms of seed cells, compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which were widely utilized in previous years, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are becoming increasingly favored by researchers due to their abundant sources, easy availability and multi-differentiation potentials. However, there is no systematic theoretical basis for selecting appropriate biomaterials loaded with ADSCs. In this review, the regulatory effects of various biomaterials on the behavior of ADSCs are summarized from four perspectives, including biocompatibility, inflammation regulation, angiogenesis and osteogenesis, to illustrate the potential of combining various materials with ADSCs for the treatment of bone defects. In addition, we conclude the influence of additional application of various BMs on the bone repair effect of ADSCs, in order to provide more evidences and support for the selection or preparation of suitable biomaterials and BMs to work with ADSCs. More importantly, the associated clinical case reports and experiments are generalized to provide additional ideas for the clinical transformation and application of bone tissue engineering loaded with ADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Huixin Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shu Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shude Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jia Ma
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110001, China
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Abdo VL, Suarez LJ, de Paula LG, Costa RC, Shibli J, Feres M, Barāo VAR, Bertolini M, Souza JGS. Underestimated microbial infection of resorbable membranes on guided regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113318. [PMID: 37075523 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Barrier membranes are critical in creating tissuecompartmentalization for guided tissue (GTR) and bone regeneration (GBR) therapies. More recently, resorbable membranes have been widely used for tissue and bone regeneration due to their improved properties and the dispensable re-entry surgery for membrane removal. However, in cases with membrane exposure, this may lead to microbial contamination that will compromise the integrity of the membrane, surrounding tissue, and bone regeneration, resulting in treatment failure. Although the microbial infection can negatively influence the clinical outcomes of regenerative therapy, such as GBR and GTR, there is a lack of clinical investigations in this field, especially concerning the microbial colonization of different types of membranes. Importantly, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of biofilm growth and composition and pathogenesis on exposed membranes is still missing, explaining the mechanisms by which bone regeneration is reduced during membrane exposure. This scoping review comprehensively screened and discussed the current in vivo evidence and possible new perspectives on the microbial contamination of resorbable membranes. Results from eligible in vivo studies suggested that different bacterial species colonized exposed membranes according to their composition (collagen, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (non-resorbable), and polylactic acid), but in all cases, it negatively affected the attachment level and amount of bone gain. However, limited models and techniques have evaluated the newly developed materials, and evidence is scarce. Finally, new approaches to enhance the antimicrobial effect should consider changing the membrane surface or incorporating long-term released antimicrobials in an effort to achieve better clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Abdo
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88 - Centro, Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Lina J Suarez
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88 - Centro, Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 45 # 26-85, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Lucca Gomes de Paula
- Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Av. Waldomiro Marcondes Oliveira, 20 - Ibituruna, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-303, Brazil
| | - Raphael C Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Jamil Shibli
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88 - Centro, Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88 - Centro, Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil; Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valentim A R Barāo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, 3501 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joāo Gabriel Silva Souza
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Praça Tereza Cristina, 88 - Centro, Guarulhos, São Paulo 07023-070, Brazil; Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Av. Waldomiro Marcondes Oliveira, 20 - Ibituruna, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-303, Brazil.
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Performance of Polydioxanone-Based Membrane in Association with 3D-Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds in Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010031. [PMID: 36616379 PMCID: PMC9823904 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the bioactivity of 3D-printed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds or hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds associated with polydioxanone (PDO) membrane (Plenum® Guide) for guided bone regeneration in rats. Fifty-four rats were divided into three groups (n = 18 animals): autogenous bone + PDO membrane (Auto/PG); 3D-printed β-TCP + PDO membrane (TCP/PG); and 3D-printed HA + PDO membrane (HA/PG). A surgical defect in the parietal bone was made and filled with the respective scaffolds and PDO membrane. The animals were euthanized 7, 30, and 60 days after the surgical procedure for micro-CT, histomorphometric, and immunolabeling analyses. Micro-CT showed an increase in trabecular thickness and a decrease in trabecular separation, even with similar bone volume percentages between TCP/PG and HA/PG vs. Auto/PG. Histometric analysis showed increased bone formation at 30 days in the groups compared to 7 days postoperatively. Immunolabeling analysis showed an increase in proteins related to bone formation at 30 days, and both groups showed a similar immunolabeling pattern. This study concludes that 3D-printed scaffolds associated with PDO membrane (Plenum® Guide) present similar results to autogenous bone for bone regeneration.
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Tan AQ, Zheng YF. The Roles of SNHG Family in Osteoblast Differentiation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122268. [PMID: 36553535 PMCID: PMC9777675 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs), members of long-chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have received increasing attention regarding their roles in multiple bone diseases. Studies have revealed that SNHGs display unique expression profile during osteoblast differentiation and that they could act as promising biomarkers of certain bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. Osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an important part of bone repair and reconstruction. Moreover, studies confirmed that the SNHG family participate in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in part by regulating important pathways of osteogenesis, such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Based on these observations, clarifying the SNHG family's roles in osteogenesis (especially in MSCs) and their related mechanisms would provide novel ideas for possible applications of lncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of bone diseases. After searching, screening, browsing and intensive reading, we uncovered more than 30 papers related to the SNHG family and osteoblast differentiation that were published in recent years. Here, our review aims to summarize these findings in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research.
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10
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Hara ES, Nagaoka N, Okada M, Nakano T, Matsumoto T. Distinct Morphologies of Bone Apatite Clusters in Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200076. [PMID: 35859256 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone apatite crystals grow in clusters, but the microstructure of these clusters is unknown. This study compares the structural and compositional differences between bone apatite clusters formed in intramembranous (IO) and endochondral ossification (EO). Calvaria (IO) and femurs (EO) are isolated from mice at embryonic days (E) 14.5 to 15.5 and post-natal days (P) 6 to 7, respectively. Results show that the initially formed bone apatite clusters in EO (≅1.2 µm2 ) are >10 times larger than those in IO (≅0.1 µm2 ), without significant changes in ion composition. In IO (E14.5 calvarium), early minerals are formed inside matrix vesicles (MVs). In contrast, in EO (P6 femur epiphysis), no MVs are observed, and chondrocyte-derived plasma membrane nanofragments (PMNFs) are the nucleation site for mineralization. Apatite cluster size difference is linked with the different nucleation sites. Moreover, an alkaline pH and slow P supply into a Ca-rich microenvironment are suggested to facilitate apatite cluster growth, as demonstrated in a biomimetic mineralization system. Together, the results reveal for the first time the distinct and exquisite microstructures of bone apatite clusters in IO and EO, and provide insightful inspirations for the design of more efficient materials for bone tissue engineering and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Satoshi Hara
- Department of Biomaterials Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Dental School, Okayama University, Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Biomaterials Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita-Shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan
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Pasculli RM, Kenyon CD, Berrigan WA, Mautner K, Hammond K, Jayaram P. Mesenchymal stem cells for subchondral bone marrow lesions: From bench to bedside. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101630. [PMID: 36310763 PMCID: PMC9615138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subchondral bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are areas of disease within subchondral bone that appear as T1 hypointense and T2 hyperintense ill-defined areas of bone marrow on magnetic resonance imaging. The most common bone marrow lesions include subchondral lesions related to osteoarthritis, osteochondral defects, and avascular necrosis. Emerging therapies include autologous biologic therapeutics, in particular mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to maintain and improve cartilage health; MSCs have become a potential treatment option for BMLs given the unmet need for disease modification. Active areas in the preclinical research of bone marrow lesions include the paracrine function of MSCs in pathways of angiogenesis and inflammation, and the use of bioactive scaffolds to optimize the environment for implanted MSCs by facilitating chondrogenesis and higher bone volumes. A review of the clinical data demonstrates improvements in pain and functional outcomes when patients with knee osteoarthritis were treated with MSCs, suggesting that BM-MSCs can be a safe and effective treatment for patients with painful knee osteoarthritis with or without bone marrow lesions. Preliminary data examining MSCs in osteochondral defects suggest they can be beneficial as a subchondral injection alone, or as a surgical augmentation. In patients with hip avascular necrosis, those with earlier stage disease have improved outcomes when core decompression is augmented with MSCs, whereas patients in later stages post-collapse have equivalent outcomes with or without MSC treatment. While the evidence for the use of MSCs in conditions with associated bone marrow lesions seems promising, there remains a need for continued investigation into this treatment as a viable treatment option. Common BMLs include osteoarthritis, osteochondral defects, and avascular necrosis. Patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with MSCs show improved pain and function. MSCs used as subchondral injection or surgical augmentation in osteochondral defects Improved outcomes of early hip avascular necrosis after core decompression with MSCs Additional preclinical and clinical evidence of MSCs as treatment for BMLs is needed.
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Gharacheh H, Guvendiren M. Cell-Laden Composite Hydrogel Bioinks with Human Bone Allograft Particles to Enhance Stem Cell Osteogenesis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183788. [PMID: 36145933 PMCID: PMC9503810 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand for bone graft substitutes that mimic the extracellular matrix properties of the native bone tissue to enhance stem cell osteogenesis. Composite hydrogels containing human bone allograft particles are particularly interesting due to inherent bioactivity of the allograft tissue. Here, we report a novel photocurable composite hydrogel bioink for bone tissue engineering. Our composite bioink is formulated by incorporating human allograft bone particles in a methacrylated alginate formulation to enhance adult human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) osteogenesis. Detailed rheology and printability studies confirm suitability of our composite bioinks for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting technology. In vitro studies reveal high cell viability (~90%) for hMSCs up to 28 days of culture within 3D bioprinted composite scaffolds. When cultured within bioprinted composite scaffolds, hMSCs show significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation as compared to neat scaffolds based on alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and osteocalcin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Gharacheh
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Murat Guvendiren
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Correspondence:
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