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O'Shea PJ, Kim DW, Logan JG, Davis S, Walker RL, Meltzer PS, Cheng SY, Williams GR. Advanced bone formation in mice with a dominant-negative mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor β gene due to activation of Wnt/β-catenin protein signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17812-17822. [PMID: 22442145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.311464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T(3)) acts in chondrocytes and bone-forming osteoblasts to control bone development and maintenance, but the signaling pathways mediating these effects are poorly understood. Thrb(PV/PV) mice have a severely impaired pituitary-thyroid axis and elevated thyroid hormone levels due to a dominant-negative mutant T(3) receptor (TRβ(PV)) that cannot bind T(3) and interferes with the actions of wild-type TR. Thrb(PV/PV) mice have accelerated skeletal development due to unknown mechanisms. We performed microarray studies in primary osteoblasts from wild-type mice and Thrb(PV/PV) mice. Activation of the canonical Wnt signaling in Thrb(PV/PV) mice was confirmed by in situ hybridization analysis of Wnt target gene expression in bone during postnatal growth. By contrast, T(3) treatment inhibited Wnt signaling in osteoblastic cells, suggesting that T(3) inhibits the Wnt pathway by facilitating proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and preventing its accumulation in the nucleus. Activation of the Wnt pathway in Thrb(PV/PV) mice, however, results from a gain of function for TRβ(PV) that stabilizes β-catenin despite the presence of increased thyroid hormone levels. These studies demonstrate novel interactions between T(3) and Wnt signaling pathways in the regulation of skeletal development and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J O'Shea
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - John G Logan
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Davis
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Robert L Walker
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Molecular Genetics Section, Genetics Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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Privalsky ML, Lee S, Hahm JB, Young BM, Fong RNG, Chan IH. The p160 coactivator PAS-B motif stabilizes nuclear receptor binding and contributes to isoform-specific regulation by thyroid hormone receptors. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:19554-63. [PMID: 19487700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.007542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are hormone-regulated transcription factors that play multiple roles in vertebrate endocrinology and development. TRs are expressed as a series of distinct receptor isoforms that mediate different biological functions. The TRbeta2 isoform is expressed primarily in the hypothalamus, pituitary, cochlea, and retina, and displays an enhanced response to hormone agonist relative to the other TR isoforms. We report here that the unusual transcriptional properties of TRbeta2 parallel the ability of this isoform to bind p160 coactivators cooperatively through multiple contact surfaces; the more broadly expressed TRbeta1 isoform, in contrast, utilizes a single contact mechanism. Intriguingly, the PAS-B domain in the p160 N terminus plays a previously unanticipated role in permitting TRbeta2 to recruit coactivator at limiting triiodothyronine concentrations. The PAS-B sequences also play an important role in coactivator binding by estrogen receptor-alpha. We propose that the PAS-B domain of the p160 coactivators is an important modulator of coactivator recruitment for a specific subset of nuclear receptors, permitting stronger transcriptional activation at lower hormone concentrations than would otherwise occur, and allowing isoform-specific mRNA splicing to customize the hormone response in different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Privalsky
- Department of Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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Miller LD, Park KS, Guo QM, Alkharouf NW, Malek RL, Lee NH, Liu ET, Cheng SY. Silencing of Wnt signaling and activation of multiple metabolic pathways in response to thyroid hormone-stimulated cell proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:6626-39. [PMID: 11533250 PMCID: PMC99808 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.19.6626-6639.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the transcriptional program underlying thyroid hormone (T3)-induced cell proliferation, cDNA microarrays were used to survey the temporal expression profiles of 4,400 genes. Of 358 responsive genes identified, 88% had not previously been reported to be transcriptionally or functionally modulated by T3. Partitioning the genes into functional classes revealed the activation of multiple pathways, including glucose metabolism, biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation, protein degradation, and detoxification in T3-induced cell proliferation. Clustering the genes by temporal expression patterns provided further insight into the dynamics of T3 response pathways. Of particular significance was the finding that T3 rapidly repressed the expression of key regulators of the Wnt signaling pathway and suppressed the transcriptional downstream elements of the beta-catenin-T-cell factor complex. This was confirmed biochemically, as beta-catenin protein levels also decreased, leading to a decrease in the transcriptional activity of a beta-catenin-responsive promoter. These results indicate that T3-induced cell proliferation is accompanied by a complex coordinated transcriptional reprogramming of many genes in different pathways and that early silencing of the Wnt pathway may be critical to this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Miller
- Section of Molecular Signaling and Oncogenesis, Medicine Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
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Dace A, Zhao L, Park KS, Furuno T, Takamura N, Nakanishi M, West BL, Hanover JA, Cheng S. Hormone binding induces rapid proteasome-mediated degradation of thyroid hormone receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:8985-90. [PMID: 10908671 PMCID: PMC16808 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.160257997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) is essential for growth, differentiation, and development. Its biological activities are mediated by T3 nuclear receptors (TRs). At present, how T3 regulates TR proteins and the resulting functional consequences are still unknown. Immunofluorescence analyses of endogenous TR in the growth hormone-producing GC cells showed that the T3-induced rapid degradation of TR was specifically blocked by lactacystin, a selective inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. Immunoblots demonstrated that the transfected TRbeta1 was ubiquitinated and that the ubiquitination was T3 independent. Studies with a series of truncated TRbeta1 showed that the hormone-binding domain was sufficient for the T3-induced rapid degradation of TRbeta1 by the proteasome degradation pathway. T3 also induced rapid degradation of TRbeta2 and TRalpha1. In contrast, the stability of the non-T3-binding TRalpha2 and naturally occurring TRbeta1 mutants that do not bind T3 was not affected by T3 treatment, indicating that hormone binding to receptor was essential for the degradation of the wild-type receptors. In the presence of proteasome protease inhibitors, the levels of both total and ubiquitinated TRbeta1 protein increased, yet T3-dependent transcriptional activation and the expression of the growth hormone gene were diminished, suggesting that proteasome-mediated degradation played a novel role in modulating transcriptional activation by TR. The present study reveals a role of T3 in modulating the functions of TR by regulating its receptor level via the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dace
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, and Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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