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Hou Z, Leng J, Yu J, Xia Z, Wu LY. PathExpSurv: pathway expansion for explainable survival analysis and disease gene discovery. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:434. [PMID: 37968615 PMCID: PMC10648621 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the field of biology and medicine, the interpretability and accuracy are both important when designing predictive models. The interpretability of many machine learning models such as neural networks is still a challenge. Recently, many researchers utilized prior information such as biological pathways to develop neural networks-based methods, so as to provide some insights and interpretability for the models. However, the prior biological knowledge may be incomplete and there still exists some unknown information to be explored. RESULTS We proposed a novel method, named PathExpSurv, to gain an insight into the black-box model of neural network for cancer survival analysis. We demonstrated that PathExpSurv could not only incorporate the known prior information into the model, but also explore the unknown possible expansion to the existing pathways. We performed downstream analyses based on the expanded pathways and successfully identified some key genes associated with the diseases and original pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed PathExpSurv is a novel, effective and interpretable method for survival analysis. It has great utility and value in medical diagnosis and offers a promising framework for biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Hou
- IAM, MADIS, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Leng
- IAM, MADIS, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiating Yu
- IAM, MADIS, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Xia
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA.
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- IAM, MADIS, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Liao Z, Cheng Y, Zhang H, Jin X, Sun H, Wang Y, Yan J. A novel prognostic signature and immune microenvironment characteristics associated with disulfidptosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma based on single-cell RNA sequencing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1308352. [PMID: 38033866 PMCID: PMC10682199 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1308352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cell death. The research on disulfidptosis and tumor progression remains unclear. Our research aims to explore the relationship between disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) and the clinical outcomes of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and its interaction on the tumor microenvironment. Methods: The single-cell RNA seq data of PTC was collected from GEO dataset GSE191288. We illustrated the expression patterns of disulfidptosis-related genes in different cellular components in thyroid cancer. LASSO analyses were performed to construct a disulfidptosis associated risk model in TCGA-THCA database. GO and KEGG analyses were used for functional analyses. CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithm helped with the immune infiltration estimation. qRT‒PCR and flow cytometry was performed to validate the hub gene expression and immune infiltration in clinical samples. Results: We clustered PTC scRNA seq data into 8 annotated cell types. With further DRGs based scoring analyses, we found endothelial cells exhibited the most relationship with disulfidptosis. A 4-gene risk model was established based on the expression pattern of DRGs related endothelial cell subset. The risk model showed good independent prognostic value in both training and validation dataset. Functional enrichment and genomic feature analysis exhibited the significant correlation between tumor immune infiltration and the signature. The results of flow cytometry and immune infiltration estimation showed the higher risk scores was related to immuno-suppressive tumor microenvironment in PTC. Conclusion: Our study exhibited the role of disulfidptosis based signature in the regulation of tumor immune microenvironment and the survival of PTC patients. A 4-gene prognostic signature (including SNAI1, STC1, PKHD1L1 and ANKRD37) was built on the basis of disulfidptosis related endothelial cells. The significance of clinical outcome and immune infiltration pattern was validated robustly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences and Children’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Zhang
- Shanghai Cancer Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanxing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqi Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sengun S, Korkmaz H, Ciris M, Yüceer RO, Boyluboy SM, Kiran M. Diagnostic and prognostic value of Stanniocalcin 1 expression in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2022; 78:95-103. [PMID: 35788886 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the potential role of immunohistochemical changes in stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) and stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) expressions in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissues in the disease's diagnosis and to investigate their relationship with classical clinicopathological prognostic factors. METHODS The study included 100 patients with PTC. Normal thyroid tissue adjacent to the tumor was taken as the control group. Clinicopathological prognostic features at the time of diagnosis of patients were recorded. STC1 and STC2 expressions of tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue were determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS The sensitivity of STC1 in the diagnosis of PTC was 93%, the specificity was 94%, positive predictive value (PPV) 93.9%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 93.1%. It was determined that the STC1 staining score in tumor tissue was positively correlated with the disease TNM stage score (r = 0.259, p = 0.009) and the increase in STC1 staining score were independent risk factors that increased the risk of lymph node metastasis (R2 = 0.398, p < 0.001). While 21% of the tumor tissues were stained with STC2, none of the normal thyroid tissues adjacent to the tumor tissue showed any staining with STC2. No correlation was found between STC2 immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue and clinicopathological risk factors for the disease. CONCLUSION Increased STC1 expression in thyroid lesions may be helpful in diagnosing PTC. In addition, since increased STC1 expression in PTC tissues is associated with the risk of lymph node metastasis, it may be an efficient marker for predicting the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevinç Sengun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hakan Korkmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Metin Ciris
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Oguz Yüceer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Serife Mehtap Boyluboy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kiran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Cunur, Isparta, Turkey
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Panagiotou G, Ghaly W, Upadhyay J, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Mantzoros CS. Serum Follistatin Is Increased in Thyroid Cancer and Is Associated With Adverse Tumor Characteristics in Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2137-e2150. [PMID: 33493282 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity and classical growth factors are associated with thyroid cancer (TC). However, less is known regarding novel hormones such as follistatins and activins. We hypothesized that serum follistatin but not activins would be increased in TC. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to assess circulating levels of follistatins, activins, and growth factors in patients with a history of TC vs patients with nonmalignant thyroid diseases. METHODS A hospital-based, unmatched case-control study was conducted with 170 thyroidectomized patients due to well-differentiated TC and 106 thyroidectomized patients without history of malignancy. Anthropometric, biochemical, and histological parameters were recorded. Serum samples were collected in the steady state 45 days after surgery. Multivariate models were used to adjust for baseline differences of the unmatched variables. Serum levels of follistatin (FST), follistatin like-3, activin A, activin B, bioactive insulin-like growth factor-1, and stanniocalcin-2 were assayed with novel, highly specific ELISA kits. RESULTS In unmatched univariate models, TC patients had higher FST serum levels compared to cancer-free individuals, independently of histological subtype. In multivariate models adjusting for covariates, individuals in the highest tertile of FST levels were associated with an increased risk for the presence of any type of TC or specific histological subtypes, including papillary, follicular and Hürthle-cell carcinoma, and medullary TC. Higher postoperative FST concentrations were found in patients with vascular invasion and distant metastases and associated with TNM staging at diagnosis. CONCLUSION FST serum levels are increased in TC patients and correlate with advanced tumor aggressiveness. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm and extend our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Panagiotou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Wael Ghaly
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jagriti Upadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Luo W, Chen D, Wang H, Hu J. Stanniocalcin 1 is a prognostic biomarker in glioma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2248-2256. [PMID: 32782542 PMCID: PMC7400771 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignancy of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis. Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is closely associated with tumor genesis and development. However, its role in the development and progression of glioma is poorly understood. In silico analysis, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), Rembrandt and GSE16011 datasets were used to assess the expression levels of STC1 in non-tumor brain tissues and gliomas. Moreover, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect STC1 expression in tumor tissues collected in the Department of Neurosurgery of Shenzhen People's Hospital (Shenzhen, China). The association between STC1 expression and different molecular pathological features was analyzed in four public datasets, as well as via Kaplan-Meier analysis. Furthermore, normalized mRNA expression in TCGA was used to perform Gene Ontology analysis. It was revealed that STC1 expression was significantly elevated in glioma tissues compared with the non-tumor brain tissues, both in silico analysis and via cohort validation. According to TCGA, CGGA, Rembrandt and GSE16011 datasets, it was identified that STC1 expression was increased in high grade glioma compared with low grade glioma. In addition, the results indicated STC1 expression was enriched in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type and mesenchymal subtype in TCGA, GSE16011 and Rembrandt datasets. Moreover, it was demonstrated that patients with higher STC1 expression exhibited shorter overall survival times compared with those with lower STC1 expression using Kaplan-Meier analysis, according to both the public datasets and validation cohort. Furthermore, the results of the Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated that STC1 was primarily involved in the reorganization of extracellular matrix and was significantly correlated with invasive-related proteins. Therefore, the present results indicate that STC1 was upregulated in glioma tissues and may represent a prognostic biomarker in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Ji'nan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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Zhao F, Yang G, Feng M, Cao Z, Liu Y, Qiu J, You L, Zheng L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Expression, function and clinical application of stanniocalcin-1 in cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7686-7696. [PMID: 32468698 PMCID: PMC7348177 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein stanniocalcin-1 functions as a regulatory endocrine hormone that maintains the balance of calcium and phosphorus in bony fish and as a paracrine/autocrine factor involved in many physiological/pathological processes in humans, including carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of (a) the possible mechanisms through which STC1 affects the malignant properties of cancer, (b) transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation pathways of STC1 and (c) the potential clinical relevance of STC1 as a cancer biomarker and even a therapeutic target in the future. Exploring the role of STC1 in cancer development may provide a better understanding of the tumorigenesis process in humans and may facilitate finding an effective therapeutic method against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Pan X, Cao YM, Liu JH, Ding J, Xie XY, Cao PG. MEG3 Induces Cervical Carcinoma Cells' Apoptosis Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by miR-7-5p/STC1 Axis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 36:501-510. [PMID: 32379497 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many patients with advanced cervical cancer (CC) have a poor prognosis and their mortality rank the first among women with malignant tumors. It's essential to explore the molecular mechanism of CC in clinical practice. Long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been reported to downregulate in CC tissues. However, the underlying mechanism of MEG3 in CC remains poorly elaborated. The current study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of MEG3 inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs)-mediated apoptosis of CC cells. Methods: The expression of MEG3 and miR-7-5p in CC tissues and cell lines was verified by quantitative reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The vector of MEG3, miR-7-5p inhibitor, and sh-SCT1 were transfected into CC cell lines, and their expression was tested by qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis, and ERs-related protein expression was performed by Western blot. The regulatory relationship between MEG3/SCT1 and miR-7-5p was validated by Dual luciferase reporter assay. Results: CC tissues and cell lines showed downregulated MEG3 and STC1, and upregulated miR-7-5p. Overexpression of MEG3 or miR-7-5p inhibition induced ERs-triggered apoptosis of CC cells. In addition, sh-STC1 can reverse the effects of overexpressing MEG3 on CC cell apoptosis. In addition, dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-7-5p can directly target to MEG3 and STC1. Conclusion: MEG3, act as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-7-5p, accelerates ERs-mediated apoptosis of CC cells through regulating SCT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Pan
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ming Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yi Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Guo Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Costa BP, Schein V, Zhao R, Santos AS, Kliemann LM, Nunes FB, Cardoso JCR, Félix RC, Canário AVM, Brum IS, Branchini G. Stanniocalcin-1 protein expression profile and mechanisms in proliferation and cell death pathways in prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110659. [PMID: 31816356 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent male tumours. Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) is a glycoprotein and, although the role of STC1 in human cancer is poorly understood, it is suggested to be involved in the development and progression of different neoplasms. This study investigated the protein expression profile of STC1 in PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples and STC1 signalling during cell proliferation and cell death in vitro using cell lines. We found higher levels of STC1 in PCa when compared to BPH tissue and that STC1 inhibited forskolin stimulation of cAMP in PC-3 cells. A monoclonal antibody against STC1 was effective in reducing cell proliferation, in promoting cell cycle arrest, and in increasing apoptosis in the same cells. Since STC1 acts as a regulator of prostatic tissue signalling, we suggest that this protein is a novel candidate biomarker for prostate tumour clinical progression and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pasqualotto Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal do Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Schein
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R Zhao
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Maria Kliemann
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bordignon Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal do Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J C R Cardoso
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rute Castelo Félix
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - A V M Canário
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ilma Simoni Brum
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gisele Branchini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal do Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Al-Abdallah A, Jahanbani I, Mehdawi H, Ali RH, Al-Brahim N, Mojiminiyi O. The stress-activated protein kinase pathway and the expression of stanniocalcin-1 are regulated by miR-146b-5p in papillary thyroid carcinogenesis. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:412-423. [PMID: 32037949 PMCID: PMC7515490 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1721250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Deciphering the pathophysiological mechanisms that contribute to PTC development is essential to the discovery of optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. MiR-146b-5p has been identified as a cancer-associated microRNA highly up-regulated in PTC. This study explores the hypothesis that miR-146b-5p contributes to papillary thyroid carcinogenesis through regulation of cell signaling pathways in a manner that overcomes the cellular growth suppressive events and provides survival advantage. The effect of miR-146b-5p inhibition on major cancer related signaling pathways and expression of Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1), an emerging molecule associated with stress response and carcinogenesis, was tested in cultured primary thyroid cells using luciferase reporter assays, quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated that miR-146b-5p inhibits the JNK/AP1 pathway activity and down-regulates the expression of STC-1 in thyroid-cultured cells and in thyroid tissue samples. In the presence of miR-146b-5p, PTC cells were resistant to cell death in response to oxidative stress. This is a novel report that miR-146b-5p directly targets STC1 and regulates the activity of JNK/AP1 pathway. Considering the importance of the JNK/AP1 pathway and STC1 in mediating many physiological and pathological processes like apoptosis, stress response and cellular metabolism, a biological regulator of these pathways would have a great scientific and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iman Jahanbani
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Heba Mehdawi
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rola H Ali
- Pathology Department, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Abstract
Thyroid gland has been implicated in the regulation of many functions using endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals. Functional thyroid follicular cells derived from stem cells attracted a great interest from researchers as a strategy for thyroid's regenerative therapy. Thyroid has a very low rate of turnover; however, studies showed that the regenerative ability is enhanced following diseases or thyroidectomy, which promotes the role of stem cell. The objective of this review is to summarize the morphological characterization and the expression of stem cell genes/markers in the thyroid. Also, to highlight the mechanisms of tumor formation in thyroid via its stem cells. The most important thyroid stem cell's markers are: stem cell antigen 1 (SCA-1), octamer-binding transcription 4 (OCT-4), p63, CD34+ CD45-, paired box gene 8 (PAX-8), thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), thyroid transcription factor 2 (TTF-2), hematopoietically expressed homeobox protein HHEX, the transcription factor GATA-4, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-α (HNF-4-α) and homeobox transcription factor Nanog (hNanog). This review highlights the functional characterization describing the mechanisms of stem cell's differentiation into functional thyroid follicle and proposing mechanisms involving in cancer formation through one of these cell types: fetal cell, thyroblasts, prothyrocytes, certain genetic mutation in the mature thyroid cells or presence of a special type of cells (cancer stem cell) which are responsible for different types of cancer formation. Understanding the mechanisms of thyroid's stem cell in cancer formation and the expression of the biomarkers in normal and abnormal thyroid status are promising physiological tools in promoting thyroid regeneration and in provision management for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam A Al-Suhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khulood Al-Khater
- Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Side population cells in anaplastic thyroid cancer and normal thyroid. Exp Cell Res 2019; 374:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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Effect of optimal combination of Huangqi (Radix Astragali Mongolici) and Ezhu (Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis) on proliferation and apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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STC1 promotes cell apoptosis via NF-κB phospho-P65 Ser536 in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46249-46261. [PMID: 28545028 PMCID: PMC5542264 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalin-1 (STC1) is a secreted glycoprotein hormone and involved in various types of human malignancies. Our previous studies revealed that STC1 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells through NF-κB P65 activation, but the mechanism is poorly understood. In our studies, we found overexpression of STC1 promoted cell apoptosis while silencing of STC1 promoted cell growth of cervical cancer. Phospho-protein profiling and Western blotting results showed the expression of NF-κB related phosphorylation sites including NF-κB P65 (Ser536), IκBα, IKKβ, PI3K, and AKT was altered in STC1-overexpressed cervical cancer cells. Moreover, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, AKT-shRNA and IκBα-shRNA could decrease the protein content of phospho-P65 (Ser536), phospho-IκBα, phospho-AKT and phospho-IKKβ while increasing the level of P65 compared to STC1 overexpression groups in cervical cancer cells. Also, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, AKT-shRNA and IκBα-shRNA elevated the percentage of apoptosis and suppressed the G1/S transition in those cells. Additionally, STC1 level was decreased in cervical cancer, especial in stage II and III. The results of immunohistochemistry for the cervical cancer microarray showed that a lower level of STC1, phospho-PI3K and P65 protein expression in tumor tissues than that in normal tissues, and a higher level of phospho-P65 protein expression in tumor tissues, which is consistent with the results of the Western blotting. These data demonstrated that STC1 can promote cell apoptosis via NF-κB phospho-P65 (Ser536) by PI3K/AKT, IκBα and IKK signaling in cervical cancer cells. Our results offer the first mechanism that explains the link between STC1 and cell apoptosis in cervical cancer.
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Murata T, Iwadate M, Takizawa Y, Miyakoshi M, Hayase S, Yang W, Cai Y, Yokoyama S, Nagashima K, Wakabayashi Y, Zhu J, Kimura S. An Adult Mouse Thyroid Side Population Cell Line that Exhibits Enriched Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Thyroid 2017; 27:460-474. [PMID: 28125936 PMCID: PMC5346910 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of thyroid stem/progenitor cells have been hampered due to the small organ size and lack of tissue, which limits the yield of these cells. A continuous source that allows the study and characterization of thyroid stem/progenitor cells is desired to push the field forward. METHOD A cell line was established from Hoechst-resistant side population cells derived from mouse thyroid that were previously shown to contain stem/progenitor-like cells. Characterization of these cells were carried out by using in vitro two- and three-dimensional cultures and in vivo reconstitution of mice after orthotopic or intravenous injection, in conjunction with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohisto(cyto)chemistry/immunofluorescence, and RNA seq analysis. RESULTS These cells were named SPTL (side population cell-derived thyroid cell line). Under low serum culturing conditions, SPTL cells expressed the thyroid differentiation marker NKX2-1, a transcription factor critical for thyroid differentiation and function, while no expression of other thyroid differentiation marker genes were observed. SPTL cells formed follicle-like structures in Matrigel® cultures, which did not express thyroid differentiation marker genes. In mouse models of orthotopic and intravenous injection, the latter following partial thyroidectomy, a few SPTL cells were found in part of the follicles, most of which expressed NKX2-1. SPTL cells highly express genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as demonstrated by RNA seq analysis, and exhibit a gene-expression pattern similar to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that SPTL cells have the capacity to differentiate into thyroid to a limited degree. SPTL cells may provide an excellent tool to study stem cells, including cancer stem cells of the thyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Murata
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Manabu Iwadate
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yoshinori Takizawa
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Masaaki Miyakoshi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Suguru Hayase
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wenjing Yang
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shigetoshi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shioko Kimura
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Dai D, Wang Q, Li X, Liu J, Ma X, Xu W. Klotho inhibits human follicular thyroid cancer cell growth and promotes apoptosis through regulation of the expression of stanniocalcin-1. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:552-8. [PMID: 26531219 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The new anti-aging gene Klotho has been identified as a multi-functional humoral factor which influences multiple biological processes, including tumor progression. Although ample evidence indicates that Klotho plays important roles in cervical, lung and breast cancer, the role and mechanism of Klotho in thyroid cancer are still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Klotho in human thyroid cancer cell lines FTC133 and FTC238. Klotho overexpression markedly reduced thyroid cancer FTC133 and FTC238 cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, whereas, Klotho silencing in the FTC133 and FTC238 cells increased cell growth. Moreover, soluble human KL1 (sKL) and Klotho overexpression had a similar effect on FTC133 and FTC238 cell growth. A high level of Klotho was also found to be associated with a low level of stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) in both the FTC133 and FTC238 cell lines. STC1 silencing significantly inhibited thyroid cancer cell proliferation, whereas recombinant human STC1 (hSTC1) markedly enhanced cell proliferation. In addition, our study demonstrated that hSTC1 treatment attenuated Klotho-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis. Our data revealed the existence of a moderating effect between Klotho and STC1, where Klotho may inhibit thyroid tumor progression by inhibiting the tumor marker level of STC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dai
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Jianjing Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Wengui Xu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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