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Bergevin MD, Ng V, Ludwig A, Sadeghieh T, Menzies P, Mubareka S, Clow KM. A Scoping Review on the Epidemiology of Orthobunyaviruses of Canadian Public and Animal Health Relevance in the Context of Vector Species. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 38687337 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne orthobunyaviruses are a growing priority for public and animal health in Canada. It is anticipated that disease incidence will increase due to a warming climate, given that habitats are expanding for reservoir hosts and vectors, particularly in Canada. Little is known about the ecology of primary vectors that perpetuate these orthobunyaviruses, including the viral transmission cycle and the impact of climatic and landscape factors. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to describe the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology of orthobunyaviruses relevant to Canada. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines was used to characterize studies focused on vector species. A literature search was conducted in six databases and gray literature. Eligible studies characterized orthobunyavirus epidemiology related to vector species, including viral competency, geospatial distributions, seasonal trends, and/or risk factors. Results: A total of 1734 unique citations were identified. Screening of these citations revealed 172 relevant studies, from which 87 studies presented primary data related to vectors. The orthobunyaviruses included Cache Valley virus (CVV), Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), Snowshoe Hare virus (SHV), and La Crosse virus (LACV). Surveillance was the predominant study focus, with most citations representing the United States, specifically, LACV surveillance in Tennessee, followed by CVV and JCV in Connecticut. Orthobunyaviruses were detected in many mosquito species across multiple genera, with high vector specificity only being reported for LACV, which included Aedes triseriatus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes japonicus. Peridomestic areas were positively associated with infected mosquitoes compared with dense forests. Orthobunyavirus infections, coinfections, and gut microbiota affected mosquito feeding and breeding behavior. Conclusion: Knowledge gaps included Canadian surveillance data, disease modeling, and risk projections. Further research in these areas, especially accounting for climate change, is needed to guide health policy for prevention of orthobunyaviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele D Bergevin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Victoria Ng
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - Antoinette Ludwig
- National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, St. Hyacinthe, Canada
| | - Tara Sadeghieh
- Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paula Menzies
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Katie M Clow
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Gual-Gonzalez L, Dye-Braumuller K, Warner A, Bunting T, Bryant D, Connelly R, Burkhalter K, Nolan MS. Do Aedes triseriatus Respect State Boundaries?: A Paucity of La Crosse Virus in the South Carolina Appalachian Mountains. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024; 24:129-134. [PMID: 37906122 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: La Crosse virus is an important endemic public health concern in the North Carolina Appalachian Mountains; however, human incidence is not commonly noted in this region on the South Carolina side of the mountain range border. No relevant studies have been performed in South Carolina evaluating mosquito vector populations for La Crosse virus (LACV) infection; thus, a pilot mosquito surveillance study was executed in summer 2020. Material and Methods: Vector surveillance occurred at five South Carolina state parks bordering neighboring state endemic counties from May to August 2020. Collections were approved by the state park authority, as noted in Permit No. N-8-20. Results: All three competent mosquito vectors were collected during the study duration; however, these vectors were collected in low abundance: Aedes triseriatus (4.5% of all collected mosquitos); Aedes albopictus (2.0%); Aedes japonicus (1.4%). Principal mosquito vector specimens, Ae. triseriatus, were sent to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for testing of LACV by real-time reverse transcription PCR-all were negative. Discussion: While entomologic evidence suggests low transmission risk for this arbovirus in the South Carolina Appalachian Mountain region, further eco-epidemiologic investigations are warranted to understand this endemicity variance within a relatively small geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Gual-Gonzalez
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kyndall Dye-Braumuller
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Aiden Warner
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tyler Bunting
- School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dillon Bryant
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Roxanne Connelly
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kristy Burkhalter
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Melissa S Nolan
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Hernandez-Valencia JC, Muñoz-Laiton P, Gómez GF, Correa MM. A Systematic Review on the Viruses of Anopheles Mosquitoes: The Potential Importance for Public Health. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:459. [PMID: 37888587 PMCID: PMC10610971 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of Plasmodium, the etiological agent of malaria. In addition, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae are the main vectors of the O'nyong-nyong virus. However, research on the viruses carried by Anopheles is scarce; thus, the possible transmission of viruses by Anopheles is still unexplored. This systematic review was carried out to identify studies that report viruses in natural populations of Anopheles or virus infection and transmission in laboratory-reared mosquitoes. The databases reviewed were EBSCO-Host, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus and PubMed. After the identification and screening of candidate articles, a total of 203 original studies were included that reported on a variety of viruses detected in Anopheles natural populations. In total, 161 viruses in 54 species from 41 countries worldwide were registered. In laboratory studies, 28 viruses in 15 Anopheles species were evaluated for mosquito viral transmission capacity or viral infection. The viruses reported in Anopheles encompassed 25 viral families and included arboviruses, probable arboviruses and Insect-Specific Viruses (ISVs). Insights after performing this review include the need for (1) a better understanding of Anopheles-viral interactions, (2) characterizing the Anopheles virome-considering the public health importance of the viruses potentially transmitted by Anopheles and the significance of finding viruses with biological control activity-and (3) performing virological surveillance in natural populations of Anopheles, especially in the current context of environmental modifications that may potentiate the expansion of the Anopheles species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Hernandez-Valencia
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.C.H.-V.); (P.M.-L.); (G.F.G.)
| | - Paola Muñoz-Laiton
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.C.H.-V.); (P.M.-L.); (G.F.G.)
| | - Giovan F. Gómez
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.C.H.-V.); (P.M.-L.); (G.F.G.)
- Dirección Académica, Escuela de Pregrados, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede de La Paz, La Paz 202017, Colombia
| | - Margarita M. Correa
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (J.C.H.-V.); (P.M.-L.); (G.F.G.)
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Bergevin MD, Ng V, Menzies P, Ludwig A, Mubareka S, Clow KM. Cache a Killer: Cache Valley virus seropositivity and associated farm management risk factors in sheep in Ontario, Canada. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290443. [PMID: 37616323 PMCID: PMC10449202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cache Valley virus (CVV) disease is a mosquito-borne zoonosis endemic to North America. CVV disease is reported most often in sheep, causing lethal congenital deformities. There are limited data on CVV in Ontario, which is the largest sheep producing province in Canada. This study aimed to determine CVV seroprevalence in Ontario sheep flocks and investigate farm management factors associated with CVV exposure. A cross-sectional study was performed including 364 mature ewes across 18 farms selected from the five largest sheep districts in the province. A questionnaire was administered at each farm to determine farm management practices pertinent to the flock and ewes specifically sampled. Mixed multivariable logistic regression with a random effect for farm was conducted to assess associations between CVV seropositivity (outcome variable) and farm management risk factors (predictor variables). CVV seroprevalence was 33.2% in individual ewes (95% CI: 28.4%-38.1%) as determined by a virus neutralization assay with a titre > 4. Sixteen of the eighteen flocks (88.9%) had at least one CVV seropositive ewe. Increased age, smaller flock size, and sheep housing near wetlands, lakes, or ponds were found to be significantly associated with higher odds of CVV seropositivity. These findings are valuable in guiding breeding practices and housing during mosquito season to minimize infection and, ultimately, CVV disease in the flock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Ng
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula Menzies
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoinette Ludwig
- National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Health Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katie M. Clow
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Hartwig C, Harrison B, York J, Brown E, Bolin J, Whitt P, Harrison R, Smith H, Barber M. Temporal Changes in Diversity and Abundance of Mosquitoes (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae) in a Small Ecological Preserve in North Carolina. SOUTHEAST NAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1656/058.017.0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmony Hartwig
- Department of Biology, Catawba College, 2300 W Innes Street, Salisbury, NC 28144
| | - Bruce Harrison
- Department of Biology, Catawba College, 2300 W Innes Street, Salisbury, NC 28144
| | - Joshua York
- Department of Biology, Catawba College, 2300 W Innes Street, Salisbury, NC 28144
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Biology, Catawba College, 2300 W Innes Street, Salisbury, NC 28144
| | - Jay Bolin
- Department of Biology, Catawba College, 2300 W Innes Street, Salisbury, NC 28144
| | - Parker Whitt
- NC Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 110 Dixieanna Drive, Winston-Salem, NC 27107
| | - Ryan Harrison
- Vector Control, Forsyth County Department of Public Health, PO Box 686, Winston-Salem, NC 27102
| | - Hugh Smith
- Department of Biology, Catawba College, 2300 W Innes Street, Salisbury, NC 28144
| | - Marlon Barber
- Department of Biology, Catawba College, 2300 W Innes Street, Salisbury, NC 28144
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May LP, Watts SL, Maruniak JE. Molecular survey for mosquito-transmitted viruses: detection of Tensaw virus in north central Florida mosquito populations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2014; 30:61-64. [PMID: 24772680 DOI: 10.2987/13-6361.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A bunyavirus surveillance was performed in 2,600 pools consisting of 45,728 mosquitoes collected in north-central Florida from May 2006 to April 2007. Fifteen mosquito pools were found to be virus-positive from the total 2,600 mosquito pools tested (0.6% infection rate), which resulted in a minimum infection rate of 0.33 per 1,000 mosquitoes. Sequence data identified the virus to be Tensaw virus, a member of the Bunyaviridae family. All the virus-positive samples were obtained from pools collected from May to October 2006, in 3 of the 4 major locations studied, revealing the presence of Tensaw virus in north-central Florida mosquito populations in 2006.
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Sither CB, Hopkins VE, Harrison BA, Bintz BJ, Hickman EY, Brown JS, Wilson MR, Byrd BD. Differentiation of Aedes atlanticus and Aedes tormentor by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the second internal transcribed spacer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2013; 29:376-379. [PMID: 24551971 DOI: 10.2987/13-6335.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using novel DNA sequence data, we designed a restriction enzyme assay that distinguishes Aedes atlanticus and Ae. tormentor, based on size polymorphisms. The restriction endonuclease Hpy188I digests polymerase chain reaction-amplified 2nd internal transcribed spacer products once for Ae. atlanticus and twice for Ae. tormentor, thus providing a useful method for identifying adult female collections that are generally considered morphologically indistinguishable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Sither
- Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA
| | - Virginia E Hopkins
- Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA
| | - Bruce A Harrison
- Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA
| | - Brittania J Bintz
- Forensic Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA
| | - E Y Hickman
- Brunswick County Mosquito Control, PO Box 249, Bolivia, NC 28422, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Brown
- Brunswick County Mosquito Control, PO Box 249, Bolivia, NC 28422, USA
| | - Mark R Wilson
- Forensic Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA
| | - Brian D Byrd
- Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Laboratory, Environmental Health Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA
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A research framework for identifying potential linkages between isolated wetlands and disease ecology. Ecol Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-010-0770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Watts SL, Garcia-Maruniak A, Maruniak JE. Tensaw virus genome sequence and its relation to other Bunyaviridae. Virus Genes 2009; 39:309-18. [PMID: 19760176 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tensaw virus (TSV) belongs to the genus Orthobunyavirus within the Bunyaviridae family. Although TSV does not cause hemorrhagic fever as some other members of its family, serological studies have shown that serum from Florida residents react against TSV indicating viral infection in humans. In this study, the three RNA genome segments of a TSV isolated from Anopheles crucians mosquitoes collected in North Central Florida in 2006 and a TSV isolate obtained from the CDC, Fort Collins, were sequenced and compared to other Bunyaviridae. The placement of the TSVs within the Bunyamwera serogroup was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of the inferred amino acid (aa) sequence of proteins coded by each of the RNA segments separately as well as by the combined tree of the same three inferred proteins. The N terminal glycoprotein (Gn) encoded by the M segment contained the 18 conserved Cysteines present in Bunyamwera and California serogroups, the two glycosylation sites, and residues considered potential proteolytic cleavage sites conserved in other Bunyaviridae. The TSV L protein displayed all the strictly conserved amino acids in the four conserved regions known to be catalytically active for the RNA dependent RNA polymerase transcriptase and replicase activities. The amino acid conservation between the two TSV viral isolates was 100, 99.4, and 99.6% for the S, M, and L segments, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Watts
- Entomology & Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA.
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