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Tayachi I, Galai Y, Ben-Abid M, Saidi N, Ben-Sghaier I, Aoun K, Bouratbine A. Use of Immunomagnetic Separation tool in Leishmania promastigotes capture. Acta Trop 2021; 215:105804. [PMID: 33385362 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunomagnetic Separation (IMS) assay has been used for isolation of viable whole organisms. The objective of our work is to produce anti-Leishmania magnetic beads and to assess the efficiency of the IMS technique on Leishmania promastigote capture in culture media. Polyclonal anti-Leishmania antibodies were produced by intravenous injection of viable metacyclic promastigotes of Leishmania (L.) major to rabbit. Purified anti-Leishmania IgG was assessed for their reactivity against both L. major and L. infantum promastigotes then covalently conjugated to magnetic beads and used for IMS. This latter was applied on either L. major promastigote cultures of known concentrations or early stage (24h, 48h, 72h) Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) cultures of tissue fluid obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions. Promastigotes capture was assessed by either microscopy or qPCR after sample boiling. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that polyclonal antibodies reacted against both L. major and L. infantum promastigotes. In 50 µL solution, immunomagnetic beads were able to capture 5 live promastigotes out of 20 and 1050 out of 2500, giving an estimated efficiency of 25-42%. The efficiency of the IMS was lower for a lower number of parasites but still repeatable. On the other hand, IMS-qPCR applied to 14 NNN cultures of confirmed Leishmania lesions showed a higher sensitivity to detect live parasites than routine microscopy observation of promastigotes growth (93% positivity at 72h versus 50% positivity within 2-4 weeks incubation). The estimated number of captured parasites at 72h ranged from 1 to more than 100 parasites / 50 µL liquid phase of culture. These preliminary results open the way for interesting perspectives in the use of cultures for leishmaniasis diagnosis and also for other applications such as Leishmania detection in cultures taken from reservoir animals or sandflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Tayachi
- Laboratoire de recherche LR 16-IPT-06 "Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules"(1), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Yousr Galai
- Laboratoire de recherche LR 16-IPT-06 "Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules"(1), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Ben-Abid
- Laboratoire de recherche LR 16-IPT-06 "Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules"(1), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nasreddine Saidi
- Laboratoire de recherche LR 16-IPT-06 "Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules"(1), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Ben-Sghaier
- Laboratoire de recherche LR 16-IPT-06 "Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules"(1), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Aoun
- Laboratoire de recherche LR 16-IPT-06 "Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules"(1), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aïda Bouratbine
- Laboratoire de recherche LR 16-IPT-06 "Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules"(1), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13 Place Pasteur, BP 74, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia.
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In Vitro Modulator Effect of Total Extract from the Endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Macrophages. Int J Microbiol 2020; 2020:8895308. [PMID: 32908533 PMCID: PMC7474380 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8895308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases are diseases with high epidemiological relevance and wide geographical distribution. In Brazil, Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is related to the tegumentary form of leishmaniasis. The treatment for those diseases is problematic as the available drugs promote adverse effects in patients. Therefore, it is important to find new therapeutic targets. In this regard, one alternative is the study of biomolecules produced by endophytic microorganisms. In this study, the total extract produced by the endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D was used to evaluate the leishmanicidal, nitric oxide, and cytokines production using RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results showed that, in the leishmanicidal assay with L. amazonensis, EC50 values at the periods of 24 and 48 hours were 0.624 mg/mL and 0.547 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the cells treated with the extract presented approximately 25% of infected cells with an average of 3 amastigotes/cell in the periods of 24 and 48 hours. Regarding the production of cytokines in RAW 264.7 macrophages infected/treated with the extract, a significant increase in TNF-α was observed at the periods of 24 and 48 hours in the treated cells. The concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-12 showed significant increase in 48 hours. A significant decrease in IL-4 was observed in all cells treated with the extract in 24 hours. It was observed in the treated cells that the NO production by RAW 264.7 macrophages increased between 48 and 72 hours. The endophytic Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D extract modulates the mediators of inflammation produced by RAW 264.7 macrophages promoting L. amazonensis death. The immunomodulatory effects might be a promising target to develop new immunotherapeutic and antileishmanial drugs.
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Makino H, Moreira JMAR, Bezerra KS, Otsubo AAF, Bortolini J, Sousa VRF, Dutra V, Colodel EM, Nakazato L, Almeida ADBPFD. Clinical-dermatological, histological abnormalities and prevalence of Trypanosoma caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Midwest region of Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e016319. [PMID: 32049143 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is a trypanosomatid that causes parasitic dermatopathy in dogs. Trypanosoma caninum is another trypanosomatid, which infects the skin of dogs, although cutaneous abnormalities are absent. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of T. caninum infection and its associated cutaneous and histological changes and compare it with the occurrence of L. infantum infection in dogs. The study included 150 dogs, of which T. caninum infection was identified in 3 (2%) and L. infantum infection in 15 (10%) of them, with no association (p>0.05) of these infections with the breed, gender, age, or cutaneous abnormalities. The cutaneous abnormalities were based on 1 (4.8%) and 12 (57.1%) dogs infected by T. caninum and L. infantum, respectively. The dermatohistopathological abnormalities in the dogs infected with T. caninum included mild perivascular lymphohistioplasmacytic infiltrates in the clinically asymptomatic ones, while in those with dermatological abnormalities, acanthosis, epidermal orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, melanomacrophages, and co-infection with Microsporum sp. and Trichophyton sp. were observed. InL. infantum infected, the histopathological findings included chronic granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates and structures compatible with amastigotes. Despite the low frequency of T. caninum infection, our findings suggest that this trypanosomatid, unlike L. infantum, does not cause any macroscopic skin abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herica Makino
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | | | - Kalinne Stephanie Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | | | - Juliano Bortolini
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | | | - Valeria Dutra
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Edson Moleta Colodel
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Luciano Nakazato
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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Biological study of Trypanosoma caninum under co-culture with different feeder layer cells. Acta Trop 2018; 187:44-50. [PMID: 30028966 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma caninum is a parasite isolated from domestic dogs, of which several biological aspects remain unknown, including evolutive forms found in vertebrate hosts. The objective of this study was to evaluate co-cultures of T. caninum with different cell lines as feeder layers to monitor the differentiation process and investigate infective potential. The study was performed using DH-82, MDCK, and Lulo cell lines. T. caninum from axenic culture was added to the cultured adherent cells. At intervals over 30 days, aliquots of the supernatant were collected for quantification and assessment of differentiation. Infectivity assays were performed on the aforementioned cell lines seeded on glass coverslips and evaluated after 6, 24, and 72 h. In the supernatant of the feeder layer, T. caninum presented similar growth profiles, with epimastigote and trypomastigote forms in binary and multiple divisions. During co-culture with DH-82 and MDCK cells, a higher level of differentiation to trypomastigotes was observed. This study shows that the differentiation process of this parasite can vary according to culture conditions and that DH-82 and MDCK lineages could be applied to the study of trypomastigote forms. All forms of T. caninum described until now (aflagellar epimastigotes, typical epimastigotes, or trypomastigotes) were unable to infect the cell line Finally, this study provides additional data about morphobiological aspects. Although the biological cycle of T. caninum has not been established, the present data suggest the importance of feeder layers in promoting the growth and differentiation of this new parasite.
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Antonio LDF, Lyra MR, Saheki MN, Schubach ADO, Miranda LDFC, Madeira MDF, Lourenço MCDS, Fagundes A, Ribeiro ÉADS, Barreto L, Pimentel MIF. Effect of secondary infection on epithelialisation and total healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:640-646. [PMID: 28902290 PMCID: PMC5572450 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) generally presents with a single or several localised cutaneous ulcers without involvement of mucous membranes. Ulcerated lesions are susceptible to secondary contamination that may slow the healing process. OBJECTIVE This study verified the influence of non-parasitic wound infection on wound closure (epithelialisation) and total healing. METHODS Twenty-five patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CL and ulcerated lesions underwent biopsy of ulcer borders. One direct microbial parameter (germ identification in cultures) and four indirect clinical parameters (secretion, pain, burning sensation, pruritus) were analysed. FINDINGS Biopsies of ten lesions showed secondary infection by one or two microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Candida parapsilosis). “Secretion” and “burning sensation” influenced epithelialisation time but not total healing time. Positive detection of germs in the ulcer border and “pain” and “pruritus” revealed no influence on wound closure. CONCLUSIONS Our borderline proof of clinical CL ulcer infection inhibiting CL wound healing supports the need to follow antimicrobial stewardship in CL ulcer management, which was recently proposed for all chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane de Fátima Antonio
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maurício Naoto Saheki
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Armando de Oliveira Schubach
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luciana de Freitas Campos Miranda
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria de Fátima Madeira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Cristina da Silva Lourenço
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Aline Fagundes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Érica Aparecida Dos Santos Ribeiro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leonardo Barreto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Inês Fernandes Pimentel
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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García VS, Gonzalez VD, Gugliotta L, Burna A, Demonte A, Arias DG, Cabeza MS, Guerrero SA. Development of a simple and economical diagnostic test for canine leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2017; 182:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carvalho LMVD, Pimentel MIF, Conceição-Silva F, Vasconcellos ÉDCFE, Valete-Rosalino CM, Lyra MR, Salgueiro MDM, Saheki MN, Madeira MDF, Mouta-Confort E, Antonio LDF, Silva AFD, Quintella LP, Bedoya-Pacheco SJ, Schubach ADO. Sporotrichoid leishmaniasis: a cross-sectional clinical, epidemiological and laboratory study in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e33. [PMID: 28591261 PMCID: PMC5459540 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis include sporotrichoid leishmaniasis (SL), which is clinically described as a primary ulcer combined with lymphangitis and nodules and/or ulcerated lesions along its pathway. Aims To assess the differences between patients with sporotrichoid leishmaniasis and typical cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Methods From January 2004 to December 2010, 23 cases of SL (4.7%) were detected among 494 CL patients diagnosed at a reference center for the disease in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. These 23 cases were compared with the remaining 471 patients presenting CL. Results SL predominated in female patients (60.9%, p = 0.024), with older age (p = 0.032) and with lesions in upper limbs (52.2%, p = 0.028). CL affected more men (64.5%), at younger age, and with a higher number of lesions exclusively in lower limbs (34.8%). Conclusions Differences in clinical and epidemiological presentation were found between SL patients as compared to CL ones, in a region with a known predominance of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The results are similar to the features of most of the sporotrichosis patients as described in literature, making the differential diagnosis between ATL and sporotrichosis more important in overlapping areas for both diseases, like in Rio de Janeiro State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Martins Veloso de Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cláudia Maria Valete-Rosalino
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Oftalmologia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariza de Matos Salgueiro
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maurício Naoto Saheki
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Madeira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliame Mouta-Confort
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liliane de Fátima Antonio
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Fagundes da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pereira Quintella
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandro Javier Bedoya-Pacheco
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Armando de Oliveira Schubach
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Antonio LDF, Pimentel MIF, Lyra MR, Madeira MDF, Miranda LDFC, Paes RA, Brito-Santos F, Carvalho MHGF, Schubach ADO. Sporothrix schenckii Sensu Lato identification in fragments of skin lesion cultured in NNN medium for differential diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 87:118-120. [PMID: 27914747 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Eighty-nine patients with clinical suspicion of leishmaniasis were referred for differential diagnosis. Sporothrix schenckii sensu lato was isolated in Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle + Schneider media in 98% of 64 patients with final diagnosis of sporotrichosis. This medium may be suitable for diagnosis of sporotrichosis in areas where cutaneous leishmaniasis is also endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane de Fátima Antonio
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Maria Inês Fernandes Pimentel
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Madeira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Freitas Campos Miranda
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Brito-Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Armando de Oliveira Schubach
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Fellow researcher of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil; Fellow researcher ("Cientista do Nosso Estado") of Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Brazil
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Cytokine and iNOS profiles in lymph nodes of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum and their association with the parasitic DNA load and clinical and histopathological features. Vet Parasitol 2016; 227:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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de Mello CX, Figueiredo FB, Mendes Júnior AAV, Miranda LDFC, de Oliveira RDVC, Madeira MDF. Thick Smear is a Good Substitute for the Thin Smear in Parasitological Confirmation of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:99-103. [PMID: 27162266 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Although direct examination methods are important for diagnosing leishmaniasis, such methods are often neglected because of their low sensitivity relative to other techniques. Our study aimed to evaluate the performance of bone marrow (BM) thick smears and cytocentrifugation tests as alternatives to direct examination for diagnosing canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Ninety-two dogs exhibiting leishmaniasis seroreactivity were evaluated. The animals were euthanized; and healthy skin, spleen, popliteal lymph node, and BM puncture samples were cultured. BM cultures were used as the reference standard. Of the 92 dogs studied, 85.9% exhibited positive cultures, and Leishmania infantum (synonym Leishmania chagasi) was confirmed in all positive culture cases. The sensitivity rates for cytocentrifugation as well as thin and thick smears were 47.1%, 52.8%, and 77%, respectively. However, no association between the dogs' clinical status and culture or direct examination results was found. To our knowledge, this was the first study to use thick smears and cytocentrifugation for diagnosing CVL. Our results indicate that BM thick smears have a good sensitivity and their use reduces the time required to read slides. Therefore, thick smears can provide a rapid and safe alternative to parasitological confirmation of seroreactive dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Xavier de Mello
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Artur Augusto Velho Mendes Júnior
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Freitas Campos Miranda
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Fátima Madeira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Arruda MMD, Figueiredo FB, Marcelino AP, Barbosa JR, Werneck GL, Noronha EF, Romero GAS. Sensitivity and specificity of parallel or serial serological testing for detection of canine Leishmania infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:168-73. [PMID: 26910354 PMCID: PMC4804499 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, human and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) caused by Leishmania infantum has undergone urbanisation since 1980, constituting a public health problem, and serological tests are tools of choice for identifying infected dogs. Until recently, the Brazilian zoonoses control program recommended enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) as the screening and confirmatory methods, respectively, for the detection of canine infection. The purpose of this study was to estimate the accuracy of ELISA and IFA in parallel or serial combinations. The reference standard comprised the results of direct visualisation of parasites in histological sections, immunohistochemical test, or isolation of the parasite in culture. Samples from 98 cases and 1,327 noncases were included. Individually, both tests presented sensitivity of 91.8% and 90.8%, and specificity of 83.4 and 53.4%, for the ELISA and IFA, respectively. When tests were used in parallel combination, sensitivity attained 99.2%, while specificity dropped to 44.8%. When used in serial combination (ELISA followed by IFA), decreased sensitivity (83.3%) and increased specificity (92.5%) were observed. Serial testing approach improved specificity with moderate loss in sensitivity. This strategy could partially fulfill the needs of public health and dog owners for a more accurate diagnosis of CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Menezes R, Madeira M, Ferreira L, Barbosa Filho C, Miranda L, Figueiredo F. Cell-block Immunohistochemistry of Bone Marrow Aspirates: a Novel Tool to Improve the Diagnosis of Leishmania Infection in Dogs. J Comp Pathol 2016; 154:157-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Furtado MC, Menezes RC, Kiupel M, Madeira MF, Oliveira RVC, Langohr IM, Figueiredo FB. Comparative study of in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and parasitological culture for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:620. [PMID: 26626566 PMCID: PMC4667506 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of an accurate diagnostic protocol for canine visceral leishmaniosis (CanL) is a significant laboratory challenge and the lack of a reliable reference standard is one of the major problems. The aim of this study was to compare in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and parasitological culture (PC) for detection of L. infantum in skin, spleen, lymph node and bone marrow of clinically healthy and sick seropositive dogs. FINDINGS The study included 65 dogs positive with both DPP® and ELISA for anti-Leishmania antibodies. In situ hybridization of spleen or lymph node had the highest positivity rates of L. infantum detection. The total positivity rates for IHC, ISH and PC were 70%, 68.1% and 65.8%, respectively. When combining techniques, the positivity rates were 81.5% in the spleen, 79.0% in lymph nodes, 59.0% in bone marrow and 52.3% in the skin. The highest percentage of infected dogs (87.7%) was detected by using lymph node samples. When examining only skin, positivity was significantly higher in sick dogs than in the clinically healthy dogs. Infection with L. infantum was confirmed in 95.8% of sick dogs and in 82.4% of healthy dogs. CONCLUSIONS Considering the advantages of accurately diagnosing different Leishmania species and of being more sensitive than PC, ISH should be considered as reference standard test for the diagnosis of CanL. Spleen and lymph node are the most suitable tissues to confirm infection with L. infantum in seropositive dogs. The testing of only skin from clinically healthy dogs may result in a high percentage of false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Furtado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Rodrigo C Menezes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Maria F Madeira
- Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Raquel V C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Ingeborg M Langohr
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA. .,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Fabiano B Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Mello CXD, Figueiredo FB, Mendes Júnior AAV, Furtado MC, Miranda LFCD, Madeira MDF. Outbreak of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Barra Mansa, State of Rio de Janeiro. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 47:788-90. [PMID: 25626661 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0042-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has spread to various regions. This study reports canine cases of VL in Barra Mansa, where human VL cases were recently reported. METHODS Using the human index case, a canine survey was performed by dual-path platform immunochromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seropositive animals were euthanized. Cultures were collected to detect Leishmania parasites. RESULTS Serological tests detected 141 canine VL cases, and Leishmania chagasi were isolated from 82.2% animals. CONCLUSIONS Leishmania chagasi is in circulation in Barra Mansa. This study broadens information on the parasite's distribution in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Xavier de Mello
- Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Artur Augusto Velho Mendes Júnior
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marina Carvalho Furtado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luciana Freitas Campos de Miranda
- Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria de Fátima Madeira
- Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Barros JHS, Toma HK, de Fatima Madeira M. Molecular study of Trypanosoma caninum isolates based on different genetic markers. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:777-83. [PMID: 25566771 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma caninum is a parasite recently described in dogs, whose life cycle is rather unknown. Here, we performed a genetic study with T. caninum samples obtained in different Brazilian regions. The study was based on PCR assays target to small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (rDNA) (18S rDNA and 24Sα rDNA), cytochrome B (Cyt b), and internal transcribed spacer 1 rDNA (ITS1 rDNA) following by the sequence analysis. Additionally, we used primers for the variable regions of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles and endonucleases restriction in the ITS1 rDNA amplification product. T. caninum samples displayed the same patterns. Tree construction confirmed the close relationship between T. caninum samples, regardless of the molecular target used and endonuclease restriction digestion revealed that all samples have the same restriction profile. Therefore, T. caninum seems to be a genetically homogeneous specie. In the kDNA assay, T. caninum possessed a different molecular size profile with respect to others trypanosomes, 330 and 350 bp. This study provides nucleotide sequences from different regions of the genome of T. caninum that certainly facilitate future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana H S Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil
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Pinto A, Toma H, Figueiredo F, Madeira M. Evaluation of 18S rDNA PCR assay using skin fragments as a diagnostic test for Trypanosoma caninum. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:343-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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de Oliveira GM, de Fatima Madeira M, Oliveira FS, Pacheco RS. PCR associated with molecular hybridization detects Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in healthy skin in canine tegumentary leishmaniasis. J Parasitol 2014; 101:91-3. [PMID: 25158080 DOI: 10.1645/14-567.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and domestic dogs. In Brazil, TL is considered endemic, and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the prevalent species causing this disease. There is debate about the role of dogs (Canis familiaris) as domestic reservoirs in the transmission cycle of TL. To date, classical parasitological techniques, including parasite isolation in culture media, have been able to detect parasites only from cutaneous lesions. In this study, we detected L. (V.) braziliensis DNA in intact skin fragments collected from 3 naturally infected dogs from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with the use of PCR techniques associated with molecular hybridization. The detection of parasitic DNA in this anatomical site is an important finding vis-à-vis the importance of the domestic dogs in endemic areas of TL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Marx de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360
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Lombardo G, Pennisi MG, Lupo T, Chicharro C, Solano-Gallego L. Papular dermatitis due to Leishmania infantum infection in seventeen dogs: diagnostic features, extent of the infection and treatment outcome. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:120. [PMID: 24661822 PMCID: PMC3987822 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Madeira MF, Almeida ABPF, Barros JHS, Oliveira TSF, Sousa VRF, Alves AS, Miranda LFC, Schubach AO, Marzochi MCA. Trypanosoma caninum, a new parasite described in dogs in Brazil: aspects of natural infection. J Parasitol 2013; 100:231-4. [PMID: 24328788 DOI: 10.1645/13-297.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma caninum constitutes the most recent trypanosomatid species infecting dogs in Brazil. Due to the limited data available about this parasite, this study aims to disclose clinical and laboratory findings from 14 dogs naturally infected. The dogs were diagnosed during a cross-sectional survey in Cuiabá (Mato Grosso, Brazil) and followed up at an interval of 3, 6, and 12 mo in order to evaluate the clinical evolution and to investigate the parasite, the DNA, or both in different biological samples (intact skin, cutaneous scar, blood, bone marrow, and lymph node aspirate) by parasitological (culture and smear exam) and molecular (DNA-based tests) methods. Specific anti-T. caninum and anti-Leishmania antibody production was also evaluated. Ten of 14 dogs infected by T. caninum showed a good general state at the time of diagnosis, and this status did not vary during the follow-up. Anti-T. caninum and anti-Leishmania IgG antibodies were detected by IFAT in 10 and 2 animals, respectively. Concomitant infection by Leishmania chagasi was confirmed in 2 dogs, indicating an overlap of endemic areas in Cuiabá. Trypanosoma caninum (parasite or DNA) was found only in the intact skin in all animals examined. Our results suggest that T. caninum infection can be manifested as an asymptomatic case with low humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Madeira
- Laboratório de Vigilância em Leishmanioses, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900
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Almeida ABPF, Sousa VRF, Gasparetto ND, da Silva GFR, Figueiredo FB, Dutra V, Nakazato L, Madeira MF. Canine visceral leishmaniasis: diagnostic approaches based on polymerase chain reaction employing different biological samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 76:321-4. [PMID: 23619344 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL) is essential for visceral leishmaniasis control. To this end, DNA detection on different biological samples has been employed. In this study, we report the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on samples such as buffy coat, bone marrow, intact skin and cutaneous ulcers fragments, and lymph node aspirate collected from 430 dogs to determine the suitable biological sample for use in CanL diagnosis. The PCR results were correlated with clinical status and other tests previously performed. Leishmania chagasi DNA was detected in 14.6% (n = 63) of the dogs investigated, regardless of the sample analyzed. Our results showed that symptomatic cases were easily diagnosed when compared to asymptomatic animals; however, the PCR proved to be very useful for Leishmania DNA detection, mainly in lymph node aspirate (41; 9.6%), irrespective of the clinical status of the dog. The finding that the lymph node aspirate produced high positivity rates and the fact that this specimen was obtained by noninvasive methods highlight its use in epidemiological survey by PCR for CanL diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleana B P F Almeida
- Programa de pós-graduação em Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Alves A, Mouta-Confort E, Figueiredo F, Oliveira R, Schubach A, Madeira M. Evaluation of serological cross-reactivity between canine visceral leishmaniasis and natural infection by Trypanosoma caninum. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1329-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Almeida ADBPFD, Sousa VRF, Cruz FACSD, Dahroug MAA, Figueiredo FB, Madeira MDF. Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612012005000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is endemic and the number of cases in humans and dogs has increased in the Midwest region. A transversal study was carried out in endemic areas from Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, to assess data on seroprevalence and risk factors associated to canine infection. Four hundred and thirty (430) dogs were randomly evaluated through indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) considering variables related to the animals, the environment and the knowledge by owners on CVL aspects and control. From 430 dogs, 95 (22.1%) were seroreagent for leishmaniasis and animals living in rural environments present risk 1.9 times higher for acquiring the disease than those in urban environments (p = 0.01; OR 1.9). Factors related to animals' habits, such as free access to the street and guard function were considered indicators to predict infection by Leishmania sp. (p < 0.05) by statistical univariate analysis. The presence of agricultural activities was also a fact that contributed for the insurgence of the infection (p = 0.02; OR 1.68). The results contributed to the knowledge on the aspects of CVL in Cuiabá and point to an urgent need to include educational and sanitary programs in the city, since the region presents favorable characteristics for spreading the infection of CVL as already observed in other Brazilian cities.
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Sensitivity and specificity of in situ hybridization for diagnosis of cutaneous infection by Leishmania infantum in dogs. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 51:206-11. [PMID: 23135932 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02123-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate diagnosis of infection by Leishmania infantum in dogs is fundamental for the control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Histopathology (HP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are frequently used for the histological diagnosis of L. infantum in dogs but have shown limited accuracy. To improve the sensitivity and specificity of the histological diagnosis of VL, we evaluated automated in situ hybridization (ISH) using a generic probe for Leishmania and a specific probe for L. infantum in surgical skin biopsy specimens of dogs. The ISH results were compared with those of HP and IHC, using parasitological culture as the reference standard. Skin samples from 51 dogs with cutaneous L. infantum infection and 51 noninfected dogs were randomly selected from samples of dogs from various cities in Brazil where canine VL is endemic. These samples were processed for parasitological culture, HP, IHC, and ISH using both probes. The sensitivities of ISH using the specific probe, ISH using the generic probe, IHC, and HP were, respectively, 74.5%, 70.6%, 69.5%, and 57.6%. The specificity of both ISH probes tested was 100%, and there was no cross-hybridization of the generic and specific probes with selected pathogenic fungi and protozoa. The specific probe discriminated L. infantum from the other species of Leishmania that infect dogs in the New World. ISH is highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of L. infantum in histologic samples of skin from infected dogs and can be used on routine biopsy material to make a diagnosis of leishmaniasis.
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