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Mason SD, Sherratt SCR, Kruguer SM, Muthersbaugh M, Harris JP, Gatlin WC, Topp JD, Keller GS. Multi-scale analysis of habitat fragmentation on small-mammal abundance and tick-borne pathogen infection prevalence in Essex County, MA. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269768. [PMID: 35696376 PMCID: PMC9191718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation and heterogeneity transform otherwise contiguous tracks of forest into smaller patches in the northeastern U.S. and likely impact abundances, movement patterns, and disease transmission pathways for small-mammal communities at multiple scales. We sought to determine the structure of a small-mammal community in terms of mammal abundance and infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.), Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti within a fragmented landscape in Essex County, Massachusetts, USA. We studied communities at multiple spatial scales, including vegetation, edge type, and landscape (including 200-m, 500-m, and 1000-m radii) scales. A total of 16 study sites were chosen to represent four edge types: interior forest, pasture edge, natural edge, and residential edge. At each site, we trapped small mammals and conducted vegetation surveys and GIS analysis. Upon capture, a tissue sample was collected to analyze for presence of pathogens. Northern short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda) abundance did not differ based on edge type, whereas abundance of the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) was greatest at pasture edges, although the relationship was relatively weak. White-footed mouse abundance was negatively associated with amount of forested area within a 500-m radius, whereas northern short-tailed shrew abundance demonstrated a positive relationship with fragmentation indices at the 200-m radius. White-footed mice captured at interior-forest habitat were more likely be infected with B. burgdorferi (s.s.) than individuals from edge habitat. Greater prevalence of B. burgdorferi infection of white-footed mice in forest interiors compared to edge habitats counters previous studies. Reasons for this and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Mason
- Landscape Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samuel C. R. Sherratt
- Landscape Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samantha M. Kruguer
- Landscape Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Muthersbaugh
- Landscape Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Harris
- Landscape Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Wayne C. Gatlin
- Department of Biology, Endicott College, Beverly, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Justin D. Topp
- Landscape Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory S. Keller
- Landscape Ecology Lab, Department of Biology, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Host contributions to the force of Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti transmission differ at edges of and within a small habitat patch. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0239121. [PMID: 34985986 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02391-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the northeastern United States, the emergence of Lyme disease has been associated, in part, with the increase of small forest patches. Such disturbed habitat is exploited by generalist species, such as white-footed mice, which are considered the host with the greatest reservoir capacity for the agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto) and human babesiosis (Babesia microti). Spatial risk analyses have identified edge habitat as particularly risky. Using a retrotransposon-based quantitative PCR assay for host bloodmeal remnant identification, we directly measured whether the hosts upon which vector ticks fed differed at the edge or within the contiguous small habitat patch. Questing nymphal deer ticks, Ixodes dammini, the northern clade of Ixodes scapularis, were collected from either the edge or within a thicket on Nantucket Island over 3 transmission seasons and tested for evidence of infection as well as bloodmeal hosts. Tick bloodmeal hosts significantly differed by site as well as by year. Mice and deer were identified most often (49.9%), but shrews, rabbits and birds were also common. Ticks from the edge fed on a greater diversity of hosts than those from the thicket. Surprisingly, mice were not strongly associated with either infection at either sampling site (OR<2 for all). Although shrews were not the most common host utilized by ticks, they were highly associated with both infections at both sites (OR= 4.5 and 7.9 B. burgdorferi and 7.9 and 19.0 B. microti, edge and thicket). We conclude that reservoir hosts may differ in their contributions to infecting ticks between edge and contiguous vegetated patches. Importance Habitat fragmentation is thought to be a main factor in the emergence of Lyme disease and other of the deer tick-transmitted infections. The patchwork of forest and edges promotes altered biodiversity, favoring the abundance of generalist rodents such as white footed mice, heretofore considered a key tick and reservoir host in the northeastern U.S. We used tick bloodmeal analyses to directly identify the hosts from which nymphal deer ticks became infected. We demonstrate that there is considerable microfocality in host contributions to the cohort of infected ticks and that shrews, although they fed fewer ticks than mice, disproportionately influenced the force of pathogen transmission in our site. The venue of transmission of certain deer tick-transmitted agents may comprise a habitat scale of 10 meters or fewer and depend on alternative small mammal hosts such as shrews.
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Brown JG. Ticks, Hair Loss, and Non-Clinging Babies: A Novel Tick-Based Hypothesis for the Evolutionary Divergence of Humans and Chimpanzees. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:435. [PMID: 34066043 PMCID: PMC8150933 DOI: 10.3390/life11050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human straight-legged bipedalism represents one of the earliest events in the evolutionary split between humans (Homo spp.) and chimpanzees (Pan spp.), although its selective basis is a mystery. A carrying-related hypothesis has recently been proposed in which hair loss within the hominin lineage resulted in the inability of babies to cling to their mothers, requiring mothers to walk upright to carry their babies. However, a question remains for this model: what drove the hair loss that resulted in upright walking? Observers since Darwin have suggested that hair loss in humans may represent an evolutionary strategy for defence against ticks. The aim of this review is to propose and evaluate a novel tick-based evolutionary hypothesis wherein forest fragmentation in hominin paleoenvironments created conditions that were favourable for tick proliferation, selecting for hair loss in hominins and grooming behaviour in chimpanzees as divergent anti-tick strategies. It is argued that these divergent anti-tick strategies resulted in different methods for carrying babies, driving the locomotor divergence of humans and chimpanzees.
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Walsh MG, Mor SM, Maity H, Hossain S. Forest loss shapes the landscape suitability of Kyasanur Forest disease in the biodiversity hotspots of the Western Ghats, India. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1804-1814. [PMID: 31740967 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic pressure in biodiversity hotspots is increasingly recognized as a major driver of the spillover and expansion of zoonotic disease. In the Western Ghats region of India, a devastating tick-borne zoonosis, Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD), has been expanding rapidly beyond its endemic range in recent decades. It has been suggested that anthropogenic pressure in the form of land use changes that lead to the loss of native forest may be directly contributing to the expanding range of KFD, but clear evidence has not yet established the association between forest loss and KFD risk. METHODS The current study sought to investigate the relationship between KFD landscape suitability and both forest loss and mammalian species richness, to inform its epidemiology and infection ecology. A total of 47 outbreaks of KFD between 1 January 2012 and 30 June 2019 were modelled as an inhomogeneous Poisson process. RESULTS Both forest loss [relative risk (RR) = 1.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.51] and mammalian species richness (RR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.16-1.42) were strongly associated with increased risk of KFD and dominated its landscape suitability. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence of a clear association between increasing forest loss and risk for KFD. Moreover, the findings also highlight the importance of forest loss in areas of high biodiversity. Therefore, this evidence provides strong support for integrative approaches to public health which incorporate conservation strategies simultaneously protective of humans, animals and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Walsh
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Siobhan M Mor
- University of Liverpool, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Liverpool, UK.,University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Veterinary Science, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hindol Maity
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shah Hossain
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Fischhoff IR, Bowden SE, Keesing F, Ostfeld RS. Systematic review and meta-analysis of tick-borne disease risk factors in residential yards, neighborhoods, and beyond. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:861. [PMID: 31623574 PMCID: PMC6798452 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to blacklegged ticks Ixodes scapularis that transmit pathogens is thought to occur peri-domestically. However, the locations where people most frequently encounter infected ticks are not well characterized, leading to mixed messages from public health officials about where risk is highest. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on spatial risk factors for tick-borne disease and tick bites in eastern North America. We examined three scales: the residential yard, the neighborhood surrounding (but not including) the yard, and outside the neighborhood. Nineteen eligible studies represented 2741 cases of tick-borne illness and 1447 tick bites. Using random effects models, we derived pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed significant disease risk factors at the scale of the yard (OR 2.60 95% CI 1.96 - 3.46), the neighborhood (OR 4.08 95% CI 2.49 - 6.68), and outside the neighborhood (OR 2.03 95% CI 1.59 - 2.59). Although significant risk exists at each scale, neighborhood scale risk factors best explained disease exposure. Analysis of variance revealed risk at the neighborhood scale was 57% greater than risk at the yard scale and 101% greater than risk outside the neighborhood. CONCLUSIONS This analysis emphasizes the importance of understanding and reducing tick-borne disease risk at the neighborhood scale. Risk-reducing interventions applied at each scale could be effective, but interventions applied at the neighborhood scale are most likely to protect human health. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017079169 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya R. Fischhoff
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA
| | - Sarah E. Bowden
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA
- Eagle Medical Services, LLC, 2835 Brandywine Rd. Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027 USA
| | - Felicia Keesing
- Bard College, PO Box 5000, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, 12504 USA
| | - Richard S. Ostfeld
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA
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Liu HH, Cushinotto L, Giger O, Daum G, McBride P, Negron EA, Vandegrift K, Kapelusznik L. Increasing Babesiosis in Southeastern Pennsylvania, 2008-2017. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019; 6:ofz066. [PMID: 30895205 PMCID: PMC6419987 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne illnesses are increasing but are often underreported. Few cases of babesiosis have been reported from Pennsylvania. Our 4-hospital system in southeastern Pennsylvania saw a rise in cases from 7 or fewer yearly in 2008–2014 to 26 cases in 2015. There appear to be multiple potential causes of this increase in frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Liu
- Department of Medicine, Main Line Health System, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Cushinotto
- Department of Pharmacy, Main Line Health System, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Olarae Giger
- Department of Microbiology, Main Line Health System, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary Daum
- Department of Pathology, Main Line Health System, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia McBride
- Department of Infection Prevention, Main Line Health System, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Kurt Vandegrift
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
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Faust CL, McCallum HI, Bloomfield LSP, Gottdenker NL, Gillespie TR, Torney CJ, Dobson AP, Plowright RK. Pathogen spillover during land conversion. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:471-483. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Faust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Montana State University; Montana MT USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton NJ USA
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; Universtiy of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Hamish I. McCallum
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment; Griffith University; Griffith Qld. Australia
| | - Laura S. P. Bloomfield
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
| | - Nicole L. Gottdenker
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Georgia; Athens GA USA
| | - Thomas R. Gillespie
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Department of Environmental Health; Rollins School of Public Health; Program In Population; Biology, Ecology and Evolution; Emory University; Athens GA USA
| | - Colin J. Torney
- School of Mathematics and Statistics; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Andrew P. Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton NJ USA
| | - Raina K. Plowright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Montana State University; Montana MT USA
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Cramaro WJ, Hunewald OE, Bell-Sakyi L, Muller CP. Genome scaffolding and annotation for the pathogen vector Ixodes ricinus by ultra-long single molecule sequencing. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:71. [PMID: 28179027 PMCID: PMC5299676 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Global warming and other ecological changes have facilitated the expansion of Ixodes ricinus tick populations. Ixodes ricinus is the most important carrier of vector-borne pathogens in Europe, transmitting viruses, protozoa and bacteria, in particular Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, the most prevalent vector-borne disease in humans in the Northern hemisphere. To faster control this disease vector, a better understanding of the I. ricinus tick is necessary. To facilitate such studies, we recently published the first reference genome of this highly prevalent pathogen vector. Here, we further extend these studies by scaffolding and annotating the first reference genome by using ultra-long sequencing reads from third generation single molecule sequencing. In addition, we present the first genome size estimation for I. ricinus ticks and the embryo-derived cell line IRE/CTVM19. Results 235,953 contigs were integrated into 204,904 scaffolds, extending the currently known genome lengths by more than 30% from 393 to 516 Mb and the N50 contig value by 87% from 1643 bp to a N50 scaffold value of 3067 bp. In addition, 25,263 sequences were annotated by comparison to the tick’s North American relative Ixodes scapularis. After (conserved) hypothetical proteins, zinc finger proteins, secreted proteins and P450 coding proteins were the most prevalent protein categories annotated. Interestingly, more than 50% of the amino acid sequences matching the homology threshold had 95–100% identity to the corresponding I. scapularis gene models. The sequence information was complemented by the first genome size estimation for this species. Flow cytometry-based genome size analysis revealed a haploid genome size of 2.65Gb for I. ricinus ticks and 3.80 Gb for the cell line. Conclusions We present a first draft sequence map of the I. ricinus genome based on a PacBio-Illumina assembly. The I. ricinus genome was shown to be 26% (500 Mb) larger than the genome of its American relative I. scapularis. Based on the genome size of 2.65 Gb we estimated that we covered about 67% of the non-repetitive sequences. Genome annotation will facilitate screening for specific molecular pathways in I. ricinus cells and provides an overview of characteristics and functions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2008-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wibke J Cramaro
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Lesley Bell-Sakyi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU240NF, UK
| | - Claude P Muller
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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Parratt SR, Numminen E, Laine AL. Infectious Disease Dynamics in Heterogeneous Landscapes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases dynamics are affected by both spatial and temporal heterogeneity in their environments. Our ability to quantify and predict how this heterogeneity impacts risks of infection and disease emergence is the key to successful disease prevention efforts. Here, we review the literature on infectious diseases from human, agricultural, and wildlife ecosystems to describe the rapid ecological and evolutionary responses in pathogens to environmental heterogeneity, with expected impacts on their epidemiology. To date, the underlying network structures through which disease transmission proceeds have been notoriously difficult to quantify because of this variation. We show that with recent advances in statistical methods and genomic approaches, it is now more feasible than ever to trace disease transmission networks, the molecular underpinning of infection, and the environmental variation relevant to disease dynamics. We end by identifying major new opportunities and challenges in understanding disease dynamics in an ever-changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R. Parratt
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;, ,
| | - Elina Numminen
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;, ,
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Metapopulation Research Centre, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;, ,
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Kongklieng A, Intapan PM, Boonmars T, Thanchomnang T, Janwan P, Sanpool O, Lulitanond V, Taweethavonsawat P, Chungpivat S, Maleewong W. Detection of Babesia canis vogeli and Hepatozoon canis in canine blood by a single-tube real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer polymerase chain reaction assay and melting curve analysis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:191-5. [PMID: 25776544 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714567935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer polymerase chain reaction (qFRET PCR) coupled with melting curve analysis was developed for detection of Babesia canis vogeli and Hepatozoon canis infections in canine blood samples in a single tube assay. The target of the assay was a region within the 18S ribosomal RNA gene amplified in either species by a single pair of primers. Following amplification from the DNA of infected dog blood, a fluorescence melting curve analysis was done. The 2 species, B. canis vogeli and H. canis, could be detected and differentiated in infected dog blood samples (n = 37) with high sensitivity (100%). The detection limit for B. canis vogeli was 15 copies of a positive control plasmid, and for H. canis, it was 150 copies of a positive control plasmid. The assay could simultaneously distinguish the DNA of both parasites from the DNA of controls. Blood samples from 5 noninfected dogs were negative, indicating high specificity. Several samples can be run at the same time. The assay can reduce misdiagnosis and the time associated with microscopic examination, and is not prone to the carryover contamination associated with the agarose gel electrophoresis step of conventional PCR. In addition, this qFRET PCR method would be useful to accurately determine the range of endemic areas or to discover those areas where the 2 parasites co-circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornmas Kongklieng
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
| | - Pewpan M Intapan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
| | - Thidarut Boonmars
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
| | - Tongjit Thanchomnang
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
| | - Penchom Janwan
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
| | - Oranuch Sanpool
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
| | - Viraphong Lulitanond
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
| | - Piyanan Taweethavonsawat
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
| | - Sudchit Chungpivat
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
| | - Wanchai Maleewong
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Thanchomnang, Janwan, Sanpool, Lulitanond, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandDepartments of Parasitology (Kongklieng, Intapan, Boonmars, Maleewong), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandMicrobiology (Lulitanond), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, ThailandFaculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand (Thanchomnang, Sanpool)Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (Janwan)Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand (Taweethavonsawat, Chungpivat)
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Rizzoli A, Silaghi C, Obiegala A, Rudolf I, Hubálek Z, Földvári G, Plantard O, Vayssier-Taussat M, Bonnet S, Spitalská E, Kazimírová M. Ixodes ricinus and Its Transmitted Pathogens in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Europe: New Hazards and Relevance for Public Health. Front Public Health 2014; 2:251. [PMID: 25520947 PMCID: PMC4248671 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases represent major public and animal health issues worldwide. Ixodes ricinus, primarily associated with deciduous and mixed forests, is the principal vector of causative agents of viral, bacterial, and protozoan zoonotic diseases in Europe. Recently, abundant tick populations have been observed in European urban green areas, which are of public health relevance due to the exposure of humans and domesticated animals to potentially infected ticks. In urban habitats, small and medium-sized mammals, birds, companion animals (dogs and cats), and larger mammals (roe deer and wild boar) play a role in maintenance of tick populations and as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens. Presence of ticks infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus and high prevalence of ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., causing Lyme borreliosis, have been reported from urbanized areas in Europe. Emerging pathogens, including bacteria of the order Rickettsiales (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis," Rickettsia helvetica, and R. monacensis), Borrelia miyamotoi, and protozoans (Babesia divergens, B. venatorum, and B. microti) have also been detected in urban tick populations. Understanding the ecology of ticks and their associations with hosts in a European urbanized environment is crucial to quantify parameters necessary for risk pre-assessment and identification of public health strategies for control and prevention of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Rizzoli
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige , Trento , Italy
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich , Germany ; Vetsuisse-Faculty, Swiss National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute for Parasitology, University of Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich , Germany ; Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ivo Rudolf
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Földvári
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Olivier Plantard
- INRA, UMR1300 BioEpAR , Nantes , France ; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR BioEpAR , Nantes , France
| | - Muriel Vayssier-Taussat
- USC BIPAR, INRA, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety , Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Sarah Bonnet
- USC BIPAR, INRA, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety , Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Eva Spitalská
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Mária Kazimírová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
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12
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Estrada-Peña A, de la Fuente J. The ecology of ticks and epidemiology of tick-borne viral diseases. Antiviral Res 2014; 108:104-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Kirby CS, Williams SC, Magnarelli LA, Bharadwaj A, Ertel SH, Nelson RS. Expansion of zoonotic babesiosis and reported human cases, Connecticut, 2001-2010. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 51:245-252. [PMID: 24605475 DOI: 10.1603/me13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To document the expansion of human babesiosis in Connecticut, we analyzed reservoir host sera for seroreactivity to Babesia microti Franca and reviewed Connecticut human surveillance case data collected during 2001-2010. Sera from white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque, from 10 towns in 5 counties, collected at 4-7-yr periods between 2001 and 2010, were tested for total immunoglobulins. The prevalence of B. microti-positive mice was compared with confirmed and probable human case reports tabulated by the Connecticut Department of Public Health. The highest babesiosis and rodent seroprevalence rates were in New London County, where this protozoan disease was first documented in the state. However, human cases and reservoir host infection increased significantly from 2001-2005 to 2005-2010 and in other parts of the state. Clinicians should be aware that the disease is not confined to long-established endemic areas of the state.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stafford Kirby
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA.
| | - Scott C Williams
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Louis A Magnarelli
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington St., P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Anuja Bharadwaj
- Connecticut Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection, 278 Colony St, Meriden, CT 06451, USA
| | - Starr-Hope Ertel
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, 410 Capitol Ave.,MS#11EPI, P.O. Box 340308, Hartford, CT 06134, USA
| | - Randall S Nelson
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, 410 Capitol Ave.,MS#11EPI, P.O. Box 340308, Hartford, CT 06134, USA
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Rizzoli A, Silaghi C, Obiegala A, Rudolf I, Hubálek Z, Földvári G, Plantard O, Vayssier-Taussat M, Bonnet S, Spitalská E, Kazimírová M. Ixodes ricinus and Its Transmitted Pathogens in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas in Europe: New Hazards and Relevance for Public Health. Front Public Health 2014. [PMID: 25520947 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00251.pmid:25520947;pmcid:pmc4248671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne diseases represent major public and animal health issues worldwide. Ixodes ricinus, primarily associated with deciduous and mixed forests, is the principal vector of causative agents of viral, bacterial, and protozoan zoonotic diseases in Europe. Recently, abundant tick populations have been observed in European urban green areas, which are of public health relevance due to the exposure of humans and domesticated animals to potentially infected ticks. In urban habitats, small and medium-sized mammals, birds, companion animals (dogs and cats), and larger mammals (roe deer and wild boar) play a role in maintenance of tick populations and as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens. Presence of ticks infected with tick-borne encephalitis virus and high prevalence of ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi s.l., causing Lyme borreliosis, have been reported from urbanized areas in Europe. Emerging pathogens, including bacteria of the order Rickettsiales (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis," Rickettsia helvetica, and R. monacensis), Borrelia miyamotoi, and protozoans (Babesia divergens, B. venatorum, and B. microti) have also been detected in urban tick populations. Understanding the ecology of ticks and their associations with hosts in a European urbanized environment is crucial to quantify parameters necessary for risk pre-assessment and identification of public health strategies for control and prevention of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapaola Rizzoli
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Research and Innovation Centre, San Michele all'Adige , Trento , Italy
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich , Germany ; Vetsuisse-Faculty, Swiss National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute for Parasitology, University of Zurich , Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Munich , Germany ; Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ivo Rudolf
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Földvári
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Olivier Plantard
- INRA, UMR1300 BioEpAR , Nantes , France ; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR BioEpAR , Nantes , France
| | - Muriel Vayssier-Taussat
- USC BIPAR, INRA, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety , Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Sarah Bonnet
- USC BIPAR, INRA, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety , Maisons-Alfort , France
| | - Eva Spitalská
- Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Mária Kazimírová
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
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