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NONINVASIVE SAMPLING FOR DETECTION OF ELEPHANT ENDOTHELIOTROPIC HERPESVIRUS AND GENOMIC DNA IN ASIAN ( ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) AND AFRICAN ( LOXODONTA AFRICANA) ELEPHANTS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2020; 51:433-437. [PMID: 32549575 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) threatens Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population sustainability in North America. Clusters of cases have also been reported in African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Risk to range country elephant populations is unknown. Currently, EEHV detection depends upon sampling elephants trained for invasive blood and trunk wash collection. To evaluate noninvasive sample collection options, paired invasively collected (blood, trunk wash and oral swabs), and noninvasively collected (chewed plant and fecal) samples were compared over 6 wk from 9 Asian elephants and 12 African elephants. EEHV shedding was detected simultaneously in a paired trunk wash and fecal sample from one African elephant. Elephant γ herpesvirus-1 shedding was identified in six chewed plant samples collected from four Asian elephants. Noninvasively collected samples can be used to detect elephant herpesvirus shedding. Longer sampling periods are needed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of noninvasive sampling for EEHV detection.
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Cameron K, Hayes B, Olson SH, Smith BR, Pante J, Laudisoit A, Goldstein T, Joly DO, Bagamboula MPassi R, Lange CE. Detection of first gammaherpesvirus sequences in Central African bats. New Microbes New Infect 2020; 36:100705. [PMID: 32612842 PMCID: PMC7322348 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses have been identified in many species; however, relatively few bat herpesvirus are known, considering the enormous diversity of bats. We used consensus PCR to test bats from the Republic of the Congo and found DNA of two different novel bat herpesviruses. One was detected in a Pipistrellus nanulus, the other in a Triaenops persicus bat and both resemble gammaherpesviruses. On the amino acid level, the amplified sequences differ by 55% from each other, and by 27% and 25% from the next closest known viruses. The findings point towards the diversity of herpesviruses in Central African bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cameron
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA.,United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Bailey's Crossroads, VA, USA
| | - B Hayes
- Monadh, Inveruglas, Kingussie, UK
| | - S H Olson
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - B R Smith
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Pante
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - T Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D O Joly
- Wildlife Conversation Society, Bronx, NY, USA.,British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Harima H, Sasaki M, Kajihara M, Mori-Kajihara A, Hang'ombe BM, Changula K, Orba Y, Ogawa H, Simuunza M, Yoshida R, Mweene A, Takada A, Sawa H. Detection of novel orthoreovirus genomes in shrew (Crocidura hirta) and fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:162-167. [PMID: 31866632 PMCID: PMC7041985 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthoreoviruses have been indentified in several mammals, however, there is no
information about orthoreoviruses in shrews. In this study, we screened wild animals in
Zambia, including shrews, rodents, and bats for the detection of orthoreoviruses. Two
orthoreovirus RNA genomes were detected from a shrew intestinal-contents (1/24) and a bat
colon (1/96) sample by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR targeting the RNA-dependent RNA
polymerase gene of orthoreoviruses. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that each of the
identified orthoreoviruses formed a distinct branch among members of the
Orthoreovirus genus. This is the first report that shrews are
susceptible to orthoreovirus infection. Our results suggest the existence of undiscovered
orthoreoviruses in shrews and provide important information about the genetic diversity of
orthoreoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Harima
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Akina Mori-Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Bernard M Hang'ombe
- Department of Para-clinical studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Katendi Changula
- Department of Para-clinical studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Department of Virology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Martin Simuunza
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Aaron Mweene
- Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Africa Center of Excellence for Infectious Diseases of Humans and Animals, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, PO Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Global Virus Network, 725 West Lombard St, Room S413, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Novacco M, Kohan NR, Stirn M, Meli ML, Díaz-Sánchez AA, Boretti FS, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Prevalence, Geographic Distribution, Risk Factors and Co-Infections of Feline Gammaherpesvirus Infections in Domestic Cats in Switzerland. Viruses 2019; 11:E721. [PMID: 31390829 PMCID: PMC6723517 DOI: 10.3390/v11080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a gammaherpesvirus was described in domestic cats (FcaGHV1). The goal of the present study was to investigate the presence of FcaGHV1 in Swiss domestic cats and analyze potential risk factors. Blood samples from 881 cats presented to veterinarians in all Swiss cantons and from 91 stray cats and neoplastic tissue samples from 17 cats with lymphoma were evaluated. FcaGHV1 was detected by real-time PCR targeting the glycoprotein B gene, followed by sequencing. Blood samples were also tested for feline hemoplasmas, feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The molecular prevalence of FcaGHV1 was 6.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.5-7.8%) in cats presented to veterinarians and 5.5% (95% CI, 1.8-12.4%) in stray cats. FcaGHV1 PCR-positive cats originated from 19/26 Swiss cantons. Factors significantly associated with FcaGHV1 detection included male sex, age >3 years, nonpedigree status and co-infection with FIV and hemoplasmas. Moreover, FeLV viremia tended to be associated with FcaGHV1 detection. High FcaGHV1 blood loads were found more frequently in FeLV-viremic cats and less frequently in hemoplasma-infected cats than in uninfected cats. Clinical information was unavailable for most of the 881 cats, but leukemia, carcinoma and cardiomyopathy were reported in FcaGHV1-positive cats. None of the tissue samples from the 17 cats with lymphoma tested positive for FcaGHV1. Sequence analyses revealed homogeneity among the Swiss isolates and >99.7% identity to published FcaGHV1 sequences. In conclusion, FcaGHV1 is present in Switzerland with a similar prevalence in cats presented to veterinarians and in stray cats. The pathogenic potential of FcaGHV1 needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilisa Novacco
- Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Neda Ranjbar Kohan
- Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Stirn
- Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marina L Meli
- Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Alberto Díaz-Sánchez
- Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), San José de las Lajas 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Felicitas S Boretti
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Department for Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Diverse Beta- and Gammaherpesviruses in Neotropical Rodents from Costa Rica. J Wildl Dis 2019; 55:663-667. [PMID: 30694725 DOI: 10.7589/2018-05-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neotropical wild rodents from Costa Rica were analyzed for the presence of herpesviruses (order Herpesvirales, family Herpesviridae). Using a broadly generic PCR, herpesvirus sequences were detected in 5% (8/160) of liver and heart samples: seven putative gammaherpesviruses in samples from Talamancan oryzomys (Nephelomys devius), sprightly colilargo (Oligoryzomys vegetus), Mexican deer mouse (Peromyscus nudipes), and Chiriqui harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys creper) and one putative betaherpesvirus in long-tailed singing mouse (Scotinomys xerampelinus). Results from this study could guide ecological investigations targeting the prevalence and host associations of herpesviruses in wild rodents from Costa Rica.
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Ntumvi NF, Mbala Kingebeni P, Tamoufe U, Kumakamba C, Ndze V, Ngay Lukusa I, LeBreton M, Atibu Losoma J, Le Doux Diffo J, N'Kawa F, Takuo JM, Mulembakani P, Nwobegahay J, Makuwa M, Muyembe Tamfum JJ, Gillis A, Harris S, Rimoin AW, Hoff NA, Fair JM, Monagin C, Ayukekbong J, Rubin EM, Wolfe ND, Lange CE. High Herpesvirus Diversity in Wild Rodent and Shrew Species in Central Africa. Intervirology 2018; 61:155-165. [PMID: 30448834 DOI: 10.1159/000493796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Herpesviruses belong to a diverse order of large DNA viruses that can cause diseases in humans and animals. With the goal of gathering information about the distribution and diversity of herpesviruses in wild rodent and shrew species in central Africa, animals in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo were sampled and tested by PCR for the presence of herpesvirus DNA. METHODS A broad range PCRs targeting either the Polymerase or the terminase gene were used for virus detection. Amplified products from PCR were sequenced and isolates analysed for phylogenetic placement. RESULTS Overall, samples of 1,004 animals of various rodent and shrew species were tested and 24 were found to be positive for herpesvirus DNA. Six of these samples contained strains of known viruses, while the other positive samples revealed DNA sequences putatively belonging to 11 previously undescribed herpesviruses. The new isolates are beta- and gammaherpesviruses and the shrew isolates appear to form a separate cluster within the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily. CONCLUSION The diversity of viruses detected is higher than in similar studies in Europe and Asia. The high diversity of rodent and shrew species occurring in central Africa may be the reason for a higher diversity in herpesviruses in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean J Muyembe Tamfum
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Anne W Rimoin
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicole A Hoff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph M Fair
- Metabiota, San Francisco, California, USA.,VIRION, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Corina Monagin
- Metabiota, San Francisco, California, USA.,One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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