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Wang B, Gao F, Hu R, Huyan H, Wang G, Cao Z, Zhao Y, Lu H, Song D, Gao F, He W, Lan Y. Development and evaluation of inactivated vaccines incorporating a novel Senecavirus A strain-based Immunogen and various adjuvants in mice. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1376678. [PMID: 38764852 PMCID: PMC11099207 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1376678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine idiopathic vesicular disease (PIVD), one of several clinically indistinguishable vesicular diseases of pigs, is caused by the emerging pathogen Senecavirus A (SVA). Despite the widespread prevalence of porcine SVA infection, no effective commercial vaccines for PIVD prevention and control are available, due to high costs associated with vaccine testing in pigs, considerable SVA diversity, and SVA rapid evolution. In this study, SVA CH/JL/2022 (OP562896), a novel mutant SVA strain derived from an isolate obtained from a pig farm in Jilin Province, China, was inactivated then combined with four adjuvants, MONTANIDETM GEL02 PR (GEL 02), MONTANIDETM ISA 201 VG (ISA 201), MONTANIDETM IMG 1313 VG N (IMS1313), or Rehydragel LV (LV). The resulting inactivated SVA CH/JL/2022 vaccines were assessed for efficacy in mice and found to induce robust in vivo lymphocyte proliferation responses and strong IgG1, IgG2a, and neutralizing antibody responses with IgG2a/IgG1 ratios of <1. Furthermore, all vaccinated groups exhibited significantly higher levels of serum cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IFN as compared to unvaccinated mice. These results indicate that all vaccines elicited both Th1 and Th2 responses, with Th2 responses predominating. Moreover, vaccinated mice exhibited enhanced resistance to SVA infection, as evidenced by reduced viral RNA levels and SVA infection-induced histopathological changes. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the SVA-GEL vaccine induced more robust immunological responses in mice than did the other three vaccines, thus highlighting the potential of SVA-GEL to serve an effective tool for preventing and controlling SVA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanrong Huyan
- Jilin Province Animal Disease Control Center, Changchun, China
| | - Gaili Wang
- Jilin Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zezhao Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Deguang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yungang Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang N, Wang Z, Ma M, Jia X, Liu H, Qian M, Lu S, Xiang Y, Wei Z, Zheng L. Expression of codon-optimized PDCoV-RBD protein in baculovirus expression system and immunogenicity evaluation in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126113. [PMID: 37541479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a global epidemic enteropathogenic coronavirus that mainly infects piglets, and causes huge losses to the pig industry. However, there are still no commercial vaccines available for PDCoV prevention and controlment. Receptor-binding domain (RBD) is located at the S1 subunit of PDCoV and is the major target for developing viral inhibitor and vaccine. In this study, the characteristics of the RBD were analyzed by bioinformatic tools, and codon optimization was performed to efficiently express the PDCoV-RBD protein in the insect baculovirus expression system. The purified PDCoV-RBD protein was obtained and fully emulsified with CPG2395 adjuvant, aqueous adjuvant and Al(OH)3 adjuvant, respectively, to develop vaccines. The humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed on mice. The results showed that both the RBD/CPG2395 and RBD/aqueous adjuvant could induce stronger immune responses in mice than that of RBD/Al(OH)3. In addition, the PDCoV challenge infection was conducted and the RBD/CPG2395 could provide better protection against PDCoV in mice. Our study showed that the RBD protein has good antigenicity and can be used as a protective antigen, which provided a basis for the development of the PDCoV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxiang Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zi Wang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengyao Ma
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xinhao Jia
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hang Liu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Mengwei Qian
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuqiang Xiang
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Lanlan Zheng
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Liang W, Xiao H, Chen JY, Chang YF, Cao SJ, Wen YP, Wu R, Du SY, Yan QG, Huang XB, Zhao Q. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a multi-epitope recombinant toxin antigen of Pasteurella multocida against virulent challenge in mice. Vaccine 2023; 41:2387-2396. [PMID: 36872144 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) infection frequently results in porcine atrophic rhinitis and swine plague, leading to large economic losses for the swine industry worldwide. P. multocida toxin (PMT, 146 kDa) is a highly virulent key virulence factor that plays a vital role in causing lung and turbinate lesions. This study developed a multi-epitope recombinant antigen of PMT (rPMT) that showed excellent immunogenicity and protection in a mouse model. Using bioinformatics to analyse the dominant epitopes of PMT, we constructed and synthesized rPMT containing 10 B-cell epitopes, 8 peptides with multiple B-cell epitopes and 13 T-cell epitopes of PMT and a rpmt gene (1,974 bp) with multiple epitopes. The rPMT protein (97 kDa) was soluble and contained a GST tag protein. Immunization of mice with rPMT stimulated significantly elevated serum IgG titres and splenocyte proliferation, and serum IFN-γ and IL-12 were upregulated by 5-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, but IL-4 was not. Furthermore, the rPMT immunization group exhibited alleviated lung tissue lesions and a significantly decreased degree of neutrophil infiltration compared with the control groups post-challenge. In the rPMT vaccination group, 57.1% (8/14) of the mice survived the challenge, similar to the bacterin HN06 group, while all the mice in the control groups succumbed to the challenge. Thus, rPMT could be a suitable candidate antigen for developing a subunit vaccine against toxigenic P. multocida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jia-Yong Chen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sen-Yan Du
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technique, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Animal Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Lin Y, Ren G, Zhao J, Shao Y, He B, Tang X, Sha O, Zhao W, Liu Q, Xu L, Lu T. Long-Term Protection Elicited by an Inactivated Vaccine Supplemented with a Water-Based Adjuvant against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0324522. [PMID: 36409094 PMCID: PMC9769665 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03245-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous inactivated vaccines against infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) usually had a strong early immune protective effect but failed to provide long-term protection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To find a method for stabilizing the desired protective effect of IHN vaccines, we assessed the immune enhancement effect of four adjuvants on formaldehyde inactivated vaccine for IHN at 60 days postvaccination (dpv). The efficacy of a two-dose vaccination with the candidate adjuvant-formaldehyde inactivated vaccine for IHN was evaluated in terms of early protection and long-term protection (30 to 285 dpv). Neutralizing antibody titers were also measured at each time point. The Montanide GEL 02 PR (Gel 02) adjuvant significantly enhanced the immune protection provided by the IHN inactivated vaccine, whereas the immune-boosting effect of the other tested adjuvants lacked statistical significance. Both tested Gel 02-adjuvanted IHN inactivated vaccine dosages had a strong immune protection effect within 2 months postvaccination, with a relative percent of survival (RPS) of 89.01% to 100%, and the higher dosage provided complete protection at 204 dpv and a RPS of 60.79% on 285 dpv by reducing viral titers in rainbow trout. The neutralizing antibodies were observed only in vaccinated fish on 30 and 60 dpv. Through compatibility with an appropriate adjuvant, the highly immune protective effect of an IHN inactivated vaccine was prolonged from 60 dpv to at least 284 dpv; this novel adjuvant-IHN inactivated vaccine has promise as a commercial vaccine that provides the best available and longest duration of protection against IHN to rainbow trout. IMPORTANCE Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the most serious pathogens threatening the global salmon and trout industry. However, there is currently only one commercialized infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) vaccine, and it is inadequate for solving the global IHN problem. In this study, a promising adjuvanted inactivated vaccine with long-term protection was developed and comprehensively studied. We confirmed the presence of a late antiviral response stage in vaccinated rainbow trout that lacked detectable neutralizing antibodies, which are commonly recognized to be responsible for long-term specific protection in mammals. These findings further our understanding of unique features of fish immune systems and could lead to improved prevention and control of fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
- University of Dalian Ocean University, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Guangming Ren
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Jingzhuang Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yizhi Shao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Baoquan He
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Ou Sha
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
- University of Dalian Ocean University, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Tongyan Lu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Control, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
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Guan LJ, Pei SX, Song JJ, Zhan PF, Han YN, Xue Y, Ding K, Zhao ZQ. Screening immune adjuvants for an inactivated vaccine against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:922867. [PMID: 35958306 PMCID: PMC9360596 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.922867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we screened adjuvants for an inactivated vaccine against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae). Inactivated cells of E. rhusiopathiae strain HG-1 were prepared as the antigen in five adjuvanted inactivated vaccines, including a mineral-oil-adjuvanted vaccine (Oli vaccine), aluminum-hydroxide-gel-adjuvanted vaccine (Alh vaccine), ISA201-biphasic-oil-emulsion-adjuvanted vaccine (ISA201 vaccine), GEL02-water-soluble-polymer-adjuvanted vaccine (GEL vaccine), and IMS1313-water-soluble-nanoparticle-adjuvanted vaccine (IMS1313 vaccine). The safety test results of subcutaneous inoculation in mice showed that Oli vaccine had the most severe side effects, with a combined score of 35, followed by the ISA201 vaccine (25 points), Alh vaccine (20 points), GEL vaccine (10 points), and IMS1313 vaccine (10 points). A dose of 1.5LD50 of strain HG-1 was used to challenge the mice intraperitoneally, 14 days after their second immunization. The protective efficacy of Oli vaccine and Alh vaccine was 100% (8/8), whereas that of the other three adjuvanted vaccines was 88% (7/8). Challenge with 2.5LD50 of strain HG-1 resulted in a 100% survival rate, demonstrating the 100% protective efficacy of the Oli vaccine, followed by the GEL vaccine (71%, 5/7), IMS1313 vaccine (57%, 4/7), ISA201 vaccine (43%, 3/7), and Alh vaccine (29%, 2/7). Challenge with 4LD50 of strain HG-1 showed 100% (7/7) protective efficacy of the Oli vaccine and 71% (5/7) protective efficacy of the GEL vaccine, whereas the protective efficacy of other three adjuvanted vaccine was 14% (1/7). The Alh and GEL vaccines were selected for comparative tests in piglets, and both caused minor side effects. A second immunization with these two adjuvanted vaccines conferred 60 and 100% protective efficacy, respectively, after the piglets were challenged via an ear vein with 8LD100 of strain HG-1. After challenge with 16LD100 of strain HG-1, the Alh and GEL vaccines showed 40% and 100% protective efficacy, respectively. Our results suggested that GEL is the optimal adjuvant for an inactivated vaccine against E. rhusiopathiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Guan
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Pei
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ji-Jian Song
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhan
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yi-Nong Han
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yun Xue
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhan-Qin Zhao
- Lab of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhan-Qin Zhao
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Fu Y, Sun J, Lian S, Deng X, Zhang L, Shao J, Yu H, Yan X, Zhu Y. Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Canine Adenovirus Type 1 Vaccine for Foxes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:678671. [PMID: 35242832 PMCID: PMC8886366 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.678671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the etiologic agent of fox encephalitis. As with most viral agents, the best method of prevention is vaccination. In this study, the CAdV-1 strain F1301 strain was used to construct a new type 1 canine adenovirus inactivated vaccine candidate, and its safety and immunogenicity were evaluated in silver foxes. Next, animals were challenged and survival rates of animals vaccinated with either the commercially available or the current candidate vaccine were examined. The results confirmed that the inactivated CAdV-1 vaccine prepared in this study can effectively protect against challenge with virulent CAdV-1 in silver foxes, and the safety profile was improved relative to that of the commercial vaccine. This study confirmed that the fox CAdV-1 F1301 strain can be used as a platform for an inactivated CAdV-1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Veterinary Medicine, Heze Vocational College Heze, Heze, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shizhen Lian
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jikai Shao
- Yuncheng No. 1 Middle School of Shandong Province, Heze, China
| | - Hongguang Yu
- The Second Experimental Ocean School of Jilin Province, Jilin, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yanzhu Zhu
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Park YR, Yoo JY, Park Y, An S, Hyun BH. Immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine for animals derived from the recombinant ERAGS strain. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:141-147. [PMID: 34222126 PMCID: PMC8217578 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aims of the present study were to evaluate the immunogenicity of an inactivated rabies vaccine based on the ERAGS strain Materials and Methods The ERAGS virus propagated in Vero cells was inactivated with 3 mM binary ethylenimine for 8 hours. Three types of inactivated rabies vaccines were prepared to determine the minimum vaccine virus titers. Four further types of inactivated rabies vaccines were prepared by blending inactivated ERAGS with four different adjuvants; each vaccine was injected into mice, guinea pigs, and dogs to identify the optimal adjuvant. The immunogenicity of a Montanide (IMS) gel-adjuvanted vaccine was evaluated in cats, dogs, and cattle. Humoral immune responses were measured via a fluorescent antibody virus neutralization method and a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The minimum virus titer of the inactivated rabies vaccine was over 107.0 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID50 values)/mL. Of the four kinds of adjuvants, the IMS gel-adjuvanted vaccine induced the highest mean viral neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers of 6.24 and 2.36 IU/mL in guinea pigs and dogs, respectively, and was thus selected as the vaccine for the target animals. Cats, dogs, and cattle inoculated with the IMS gel-adjuvanted vaccine developed protective VNA titers ranging from 3.5 to 1.2 IU/mL at 4 weeks post-inoculation (WPI). Conclusion Our data indicate that cats, dogs, and cattle inoculated with an inactivated rabies vaccine derived from the ERAGS strain developed protective immune responses that were maintained to 12 WPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Park
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jae Young Yoo
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Yeseul Park
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Sungjun An
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
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Dai K, Yang Z, Ma X, Chang YF, Cao S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Huang Y, Xia J, Yan Q, Han X, Ma X, Wen X, Wen Y. Deletion of Polyamine Transport Protein PotD Exacerbates Virulence in Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis in the Form of Non-biofilm-generated Bacteria in a Murine Acute Infection Model. Virulence 2021; 12:520-546. [PMID: 33525975 PMCID: PMC7872090 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1878673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small, polycationic molecules with a hydrocarbon backbone and multiple amino groups required for optimal cell growth. The potD gene, belonging to the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system potABCD, encodes the bacterial substrate-binding subunit of the polyamine transport system, playing a pivotal role in bacterial metabolism and growth. The swine pathogen Glaesserella parasuis possesses an intact pot operon, and the studies presented here mainly examined the involvement of PotD in Glaesserella pathogenesis. A potD-deficient mutant was constructed using a virulent G. parasuis strain SC1401 by natural transformation; immuno-electron microscopy was used to identify the subcellular location of native PotD protein; an electron microscope was adopted to inspect biofilm and bacterial morphology; immunofluorescence technique was employed to study cellular adhesion, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis. The TSA++-pre-cultured mutant strain showed a significantly reduced adhesion capacity to PK-15 and MLE-12 cells. Likewise, we also found attenuation in virulence using murine models focusing on the clinical sign, H&E, and IFA for inflammation and apoptosis. However, when the mutant was grown in TSB++, virulence recovered to normal levels, along with a high level of radical oxygen species formation in the host. The expression of PotD could actively stimulate the production of ROS in Raw 264.7. Our data suggested that PotD from G. parasuis has a high binding potential to polyamine, and is essential for the full bacterial virulence within mouse models. However, the virulence of the potD mutant is highly dependent on its TSA++ culture conditions rather than on biofilm-formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , NY, USA
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
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Yang DK, Kim HH, Yoo JY, Ji M, Han BH, Oh S, Hyun BH. Immunogenicity of a new, inactivated canine adenovirus type 2 vaccine for dogs. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2020; 9:40-47. [PMID: 32095439 PMCID: PMC7024732 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2020.9.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We constructed a new canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vaccine candidate using the recently isolated Korean CAV-2 strain; we termed the vaccine APQA1701-40P and evaluated its safety and immunogenicity in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS To generate the anti-CAV-2 vaccine, APQA1701 was passaged 40 times in MDCK cells growing in medium containing 5 mM urea and the virus was inactivated using 0.05% (volume per volume) formaldehyde. Two vaccines were prepared by blending inactivated APQA1701-40P with two different adjuvants; both were intramuscularly injected (twice) into guinea pigs. The safety and immunogenicity of the Cabopol-adjuvanted vaccine were evaluated in seronegative dogs. The humoral responses elicited were measured using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and via a virus neutralization assay (VNA). RESULTS The new, inactivated CAV-2 vaccine strain, APQA1701-40P, lacked six amino acids of the E1b-19K protein. In guinea pigs, the Cabopol-adjuvanted vaccine afforded a slightly higher VNA titer and I-ELISA absorbance than an IMS gel-adjuvanted vaccine 4 weeks post-vaccination (p>0.05). Dogs inoculated with the former vaccine developed a significantly higher immune titer than non-vaccinated dogs. CONCLUSION The Cabopol-adjuvanted, inactivated CAV-2 vaccine was safe and induced a high VNA titer in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Jae Young Yoo
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Miryeon Ji
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Bok Hee Han
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Subin Oh
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea
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