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Ye F, Alvarez-Carbonell D, Nguyen K, Leskov K, Garcia-Mesa Y, Sreeram S, Valadkhan S, Karn J. Recruitment of the CoREST transcription repressor complexes by Nerve Growth factor IB-like receptor (Nurr1/NR4A2) mediates silencing of HIV in microglial cells. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010110. [PMID: 35797416 PMCID: PMC9295971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection in the brain leads to chronic neuroinflammation due to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn promotes HIV transcription in infected microglial cells. However, powerful counteracting silencing mechanisms in microglial cells result in the rapid shutdown of HIV expression after viral reactivation to limit neuronal damage. Here we investigated whether the Nerve Growth Factor IB-like nuclear receptor Nurr1 (NR4A2), which is a repressor of inflammation in the brain, acts directly to restrict HIV expression. HIV silencing following activation by TNF-α, or a variety of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, in both immortalized human microglial cells (hμglia) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived human microglial cells (iMG) was enhanced by Nurr1 agonists. Similarly, overexpression of Nurr1 led to viral suppression, while conversely, knock down (KD) of endogenous Nurr1 blocked HIV silencing. The effect of Nurr1 on HIV silencing is direct: Nurr1 binds directly to the specific consensus binding sites in the U3 region of the HIV LTR and mutation of the Nurr1 DNA binding domain blocked its ability to suppress HIV-1 transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays also showed that after Nurr1 binding to the LTR, the CoREST/HDAC1/G9a/EZH2 transcription repressor complex is recruited to the HIV provirus. Finally, transcriptomic studies demonstrated that in addition to repressing HIV transcription, Nurr1 also downregulated numerous cellular genes involved in inflammation, cell cycle, and metabolism, further promoting HIV latency and microglial homoeostasis. Nurr1 therefore plays a pivotal role in modulating the cycles of proviral reactivation by potentiating the subsequent proviral transcriptional shutdown. These data highlight the therapeutic potential of Nurr1 agonists for inducing HIV silencing and microglial homeostasis and ultimately for the amelioration of the neuroinflammation associated with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchun Ye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David Alvarez-Carbonell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kien Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Leskov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yoelvis Garcia-Mesa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sheetal Sreeram
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Saba Valadkhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Karn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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2
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Sathler MF, Doolittle MJ, Cockrell JA, Nadalin IR, Hofmann F, VandeWoude S, Kim S. HIV and FIV glycoproteins increase cellular tau pathology via cGMP-dependent kinase II activation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259764. [PMID: 35638570 PMCID: PMC9270957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drastically improves the lifespan of individuals with HIV, many are now entering the prime age when Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like symptoms begin to manifest. It has been shown that hyperphosphorylated tau, a known AD pathological characteristic, is prematurely increased in the brains of HIV-infected individuals as early as in their 30s and that its levels increase with age. This suggests that HIV infection might lead to accelerated AD phenotypes. However, whether HIV infection causes AD to develop more quickly in the brain is not yet fully determined. Interestingly, we have previously revealed that the viral glycoproteins HIV gp120 and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) gp95 induce neuronal hyperexcitation via cGMP-dependent kinase II (cGKII; also known as PRKG2) activation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Here, we use cultured mouse cortical neurons to demonstrate that the presence of HIV gp120 and FIV gp95 are sufficient to increase cellular tau pathology, including intracellular tau hyperphosphorylation and tau release to the extracellular space. We further reveal that viral glycoprotein-induced cellular tau pathology requires cGKII activation. Taken together, HIV infection likely accelerates AD-related tau pathology via cGKII activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F. Sathler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1617 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Michael J. Doolittle
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - James A. Cockrell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - India R. Nadalin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1617 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Franz Hofmann
- Technical University of Munich, Arcisstraße 21, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Seonil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1617 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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3
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Arabatzis TJ, Wakley AA, McLane VD, Canonico D, Cao L. Effects of HIV gp120 on Neuroinflammation in Immunodeficient vs. Immunocompetent States. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:437-453. [PMID: 32627098 PMCID: PMC7785647 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HIV affects 37 million people worldwide, 25-69% of which develop HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) regardless of antiviral treatment. HIV infection of the brain decreases cognitive function, disrupts/impairs learning and memory, and reduces quality of life for those affected. HIV-induced neuroinflammation has been associated with viral proteins such as gp120 and Tat, which remain elevated in the CNS even in patients with low peripheral viremia counts. In this study, we examined the effects of gp120 on neuroinflammation in immunodeficient vs. immunocompetent states by examining neuroinflammatory markers in gp120tg mice with or without systemic immunodeficiency caused by murine retroviral administration (LP-BM5 murine AIDS). Changes in inflammatory cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression was complex and dependent upon expression of gp120 protein, immunodeficiency status, brain region (hippocampus, frontal lobe, or striatum), and age. Gp120 expression reduced hippocampal synaptophysin expression but did not affect animals' learning/memory on the spontaneous T-maze test in our experimental conditions. Our results emphasize the critical role of the neuroinflammatory micro-environment and the peripheral immune system context in which gp120 acts. Multiple factors, particularly system-level differences in the immune response of different brain regions, need to be considered when developing treatment for HAND. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taxiarhia J Arabatzis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
- Department of Biology, University of New England College of Arts and Sciences, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Alexa A Wakley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Virginia D McLane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia (MCV) Campus, P.O. Box 980613, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA
| | - Dalton Canonico
- Department of Biology, University of New England College of Arts and Sciences, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, 11 Hills Beach Road, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
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4
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Bachmann M, Li W, Edwards MJ, Ahmad SA, Patel S, Szabo I, Gulbins E. Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels as Regulators of Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:611853. [PMID: 33381507 PMCID: PMC7767978 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.611853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels allow the flux of specific ions across biological membranes, thereby determining ion homeostasis within the cells. Voltage-gated potassium-selective ion channels crucially contribute to the setting of the plasma membrane potential, to volume regulation and to the physiologically relevant modulation of intracellular potassium concentration. In turn, these factors affect cell cycle progression, proliferation and apoptosis. The present review summarizes our current knowledge about the involvement of various voltage-gated channels of the Kv family in the above processes and discusses the possibility of their pharmacological targeting in the context of cancer with special emphasis on Kv1.1, Kv1.3, Kv1.5, Kv2.1, Kv10.1, and Kv11.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bachmann
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sameer Patel
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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5
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Zhao S, Zhou Y, Fan Y, Gong Y, Yang J, Yang R, Li L, Zou L, Xu X, Li G, Liu S, Zhang C, Li G, Liang S. Involvement of purinergic 2X 4 receptor in glycoprotein 120-induced pyroptosis in dorsal root ganglia. J Neurochem 2019; 151:584-594. [PMID: 31418825 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death, displaying caspase-1-dependent and pro-inflammatory features. Purinergic 2X4 (P2X4 ) receptor activation in response to high-adenosine triphosphate release can induce inflammation. Envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is considered one of the primary pathogens leading to neuronal injury. In this study, we investigated the possible role of P2X4 receptor activation in gp120-triggered pyroptosis in cultured satellite glial cells (SGCs) of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG). MTS assay, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-end labeling assay, real-time RT-PCR, and western blotting et al. methods were used. The results indicated that the expression of P2X4 receptor in SGCs of DRG was up-regulated upon cultured with gp120 for 24 h. The highest decrease in viability of SGCs due to gp120 treatment was accompanied by marked increases of positive pyroptosis cells and cellular lactate dehydrogenase release, elevated levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, active caspase-1 and NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 1, and enhanced phosphorylation of p38MAPK. These abnormal changes because of gp120 were significantly inhibited and cell viability was markedly improved when SGCs of DRG were treated with short hairpin RNAs targeting P2X4 receptor. Our data suggest that silencing of P2X4 receptor may act effectively against gp120-induced pyroptosis mediated by the activation of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 1 inflammasome and caspase-1 signaling in SGCs of DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhong Zhao
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Undergraduate student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yang Fan
- Undergraduate student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Gong
- Undergraduate student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jingjian Yang
- Undergraduate student of Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Runan Yang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Zou
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Guilin Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory of Physiology Department, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China.,Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of autonomic nervous function and disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
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6
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Chen L, Khodr CE, Al-Harthi L, Hu XT. Aging and HIV-1 alter the function of specific K + channels in prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134341. [PMID: 31255727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key regulator of neurocognition. The glutamatergic pyramidal neurons are the predominant component of neurons in the mPFC. Aging and HIV profoundly alter the structure and function of mPFC pyramidal neurons, including, but are not limited to, dysregulation of NMDA receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels. Here we assessed the impact of aging and in vivo HIV exposure on the functional activity (firing) of mPFC pyramidal neurons mediated by voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels and inwardly-rectifying K+ (Kir) channels using patch-clamp recording in rat brain slices ex vivo. We found that aging and HIV significantly affect firing in different manners by altering the activity of Kv and likely Kir channels, associated with changes in membrane properties and the mRNA levels of specific Kv channels. Evoked firing was significantly decreased in mPFC neurons of older (12 month, 12 m) rats compared to younger (6/7 week, 6/7wk) rats, regardless of HIV status. In contrast, firing was significantly increased in neurons from Tg rats compared to non-Tg rats, regardless of age. Aging/HIV-induced alterations in firing were mediated by dysfunctional Kv channels and Kir channels, which exhibit significant changes in their activity and/or expression induced by aging and HIV exposure in vivo. Collectively, these novel findings demonstrate that aging is associated with a significant decline of mPFC neuronal activity; while long-term HIV exposure in vivo could drive mPFC neurons from over-activation to loss of firing, which could ultimately exacerbate the decline of mPFC neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Chen
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Christina E Khodr
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Xiu-T Hu
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States.
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7
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Dubey RC, Mishra N, Gaur R. G protein-coupled and ATP-sensitive inwardly rectifying potassium ion channels are essential for HIV entry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4113. [PMID: 30858482 PMCID: PMC6411958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high genetic diversity of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has hindered the development of effective vaccines or antiviral drugs against it. Hence, there is a continuous need for identification of new antiviral targets. HIV exploits specific host proteins also known as HIV-dependency factors during its replication inside the cell. Potassium channels play a crucial role in the life cycle of several viruses by modulating ion homeostasis, cell signaling, cell cycle, and cell death. In this study, using pharmacological tools, we have identified that HIV utilizes distinct cellular potassium channels at various steps in its life cycle. Members of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel family, G protein-coupled (GIRK), and ATP-sensitive (KATP) are involved in HIV entry. Blocking these channels using specific inhibitors reduces HIV entry. Another member, Kir 1.1 plays a role post entry as inhibiting this channel inhibits virus production and release. These inhibitors are not toxic to the cells at the concentration used in the study. We have further identified the possible mechanism through which these potassium channels regulate HIV entry by using a slow-response potential-sensitive probe DIBAC4(3) and have observed that blocking these potassium channels inhibits membrane depolarization which then inhibits HIV entry and virus release as well. These results demonstrate for the first time, the important role of Kir channel members in HIV-1 infection and suggest that these K+ channels could serve as a safe therapeutic target for treatment of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi C Dubey
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Nawneet Mishra
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Ritu Gaur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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8
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Zhu J, Zang S, Chen X, Jiang L, Gu A, Cheng J, Zhang L, Wang J, Xiao H. Involvement of the delayed rectifier outward potassium channel Kv2.1 in methamphetamine-induced neuronal apoptosis via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:696-704. [PMID: 29297590 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is an illicit psychostimulant with high abuse potential and severe neurotoxicity. Recent studies have shown that dysfunctions in learning and memory induced by Meth may partially reveal the mechanisms of neuronal channelopathies. Kv2.1, the primary delayed rectifying potassium channel in neurons, is responsible for mediating apoptotic current surge. However, whether Kv2.1 is involved in Meth-mediated neural injury remains unknown. In the present study, the treatment of primary cultured hippocampal neurons with Meth indicated that Meth induced a time- and dose-dependent augmentation of Kv2.1 protein expression, accompanied by elevated cleaved-caspase 3 and declined bcl-2/bax ratio. The blockage of Kv2.1 with the inhibitor GxTx-1E or the knockdown of the channel noticeably abrogated the pro-apoptotic effects mediated by Meth, demonstrating the specific roles of Kv2.1 in Meth-mediated neural damage. Additionally, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling was demonstrated to be involved in Meth-mediated Kv2.1 upregulation and in the subsequent pro-apoptotic effects, as treatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly attenuated Meth-mediated Kv2.1 upregulation and cell apoptosis. Of note, PRE-084, a sigma-1 receptor agonist, obviously attenuated Meth-induced upregulation of Kv2.1 expression, neural apoptosis and p38 MAPK activation. Taken together, these results reveal a novel mechanism involved in Meth-induced neural death with implications for therapeutic interventions for Meth users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Zhu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 499 Jincheng Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Songsong Zang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
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9
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ASPP2 involvement in p53-mediated HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 neurotoxicity in mice cerebrocortical neurons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33378. [PMID: 27625111 PMCID: PMC5022057 DOI: 10.1038/srep33378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms behind HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders are still unclear. Apoptosis-stimulating protein 2 of p53 (ASPP2) is a damage-inducible p53-binding protein that stimulates p53-mediated apoptosis and transactivates proapoptotic and cell cycle regulatory genes. It has been reported that ASPP2 has a specific regulatory function in the death of retinal ganglion cells and the development of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we used p53 and ASPP2 knockout mice and primary cerebrocortical neuron culture to analyze the role of the interaction between ASPP2 with p53 in HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120-induced neurotoxicity. The results showed that 10 ng/mL gp120 protein might stimulate p53 overexpression and translocation to the nucleus, and 30 ng/mL gp120 protein could stimulate both p53 and ASPP2 translocation to the nucleus, but only with p53 overexpression. The primary cultured neurons of p53(-/-)ASPP2(+/-) mice had a higher survival rate than p53(-/-) mice under gp120 protein stress. The interaction of ASPP2 with p53 induced by a high dose of gp120 stimulated Bax transcription and contributed to caspase-3 cleavage, and ASPP2-siRNA attenuated gp120 induced neuron death through inhibition of Bax expression. These results suggest that ASPP2 plays an important role in p53-mediated neuronal apoptosis under gp120 stress.
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