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De-Simone SG, Napoleão-Pêgo P, Lechuga GC, Carvalho JPRS, Monteiro ME, Morel CM, Provance DW. Mapping IgA Epitope and Cross-Reactivity between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus 2 and DENV. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1749. [PMID: 38140154 PMCID: PMC10747746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The newly introduced COVID-19 vaccines have reduced disease severity and hospitalizations. However, they do not significantly prevent infection or transmission. In the same context, measuring IgM and IgG antibody levels is important, but it does not provide information about the status of the mucosal immune response. This article describes a comprehensive mapping of IgA epitopes of the S protein, its cross-reactivity, and the development of an ELISA-peptide assay. METHODS IgA epitope mapping was conducted using SPOT synthesis and sera from RT-qPCR COVID-19-positive patients. Specific and cross-reacting epitopes were identified, and an evolutionary analysis from the early Wuhan strain to the Omicron variant was performed using bioinformatics tools and a microarray of peptides. The selected epitopes were chemically synthesized and evaluated using ELISA-IgA. RESULTS A total of 40 IgA epitopes were identified with 23 in S1 and 17 in the S2 subunit. Among these, at least 23 epitopes showed cross-reactivity with DENV and other organisms and 24 showed cross-reactivity with other associated coronaviruses. Three MAP4 polypeptides were validated by ELISA, demonstrating a sensitivity of 90-99.96% and a specificity of 100%. Among the six IgA-RBD epitopes, only the SC/18 epitope of the Omicron variants (BA.2 and BA.2.12.1) presented a single IgA epitope. CONCLUSIONS This research unveiled the IgA epitome of the S protein and identified many epitopes that exhibit cross-reactivity with DENV and other coronaviruses. The S protein of variants from Wuhan to Omicron retains many conserved IgA epitopes except for one epitope (#SCov/18). The cross-reactivity with DENV suggests limitations in using the whole S protein or the S1/S2/RBD segment for IgA serological diagnostic tests for COVID-19. The expression of these identified specific epitopes as diagnostic biomarkers could facilitate monitoring mucosal immunity to COVID-19, potentially leading to more accurate diagnoses and alternative mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, RJ, Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation on Parasitic Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C. Lechuga
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - João P. R. S. Carvalho
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria E. Monteiro
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Program of Post-Graduation on Parasitic Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Morel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
| | - David W. Provance
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
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Lustig Y, Cohen C, Biber A, Jaber H, Becker Ilany Y, Indenbaum V, Amit S, Mandelboim M, Mendelson E, Regev-Yochay G. Immunoglobulin (Ig)A seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in Israel, 4 April to 13 July 2020: an observational study. Euro Surveill 2021; 26. [PMID: 34857065 PMCID: PMC8641069 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.48.2001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has put healthcare workers (HCW) at significant risk. Presence of antibodies can confirm prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Aim This study investigates the prevalence of IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in HCW. Methods Performance of IgA and IgG antibody ELISA assays were initially evaluated in positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 serum samples. IgA and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured in 428 asymptomatic HCW. We assessed the risk of two groups: HCW with high exposure risk outside work (HROW) residing in areas where COVID-19 was endemic (n = 162) and HCW with high exposure risk at work (HRAW) in a COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 97). Results Sensitivities of 80% and 81.2% and specificities of 97.2% and 98% were observed for IgA and IgG antibodies, respectively. Of the 428 HCW, three were positive for IgG and 27 for IgA. Only 3/27 (11%) IgA-positive HCW had IgG antibodies compared with 50/62 (81%) in a group of previous SARS-CoV-2-PCR-positive individuals. Consecutive samples from IgA-positive HCW demonstrated IgA persistence 18–83 days in 12/20 samples and IgG seroconversion in 1/20 samples. IgA antibodies were present in 8.6% of HROW and 2% of HRAW. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 exposure may lead to asymptomatic transient IgA response without IgG seroconversion. The significance of these findings needs further study. Out of work exposure is a possible risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCW and infection in HCW can be controlled if adequate protective equipment is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Carmit Cohen
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Asaf Biber
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hanaa Jaber
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yael Becker Ilany
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Sharon Amit
- Microbiology Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gili Regev-Yochay
- Infection Prevention & Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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