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Roe K. The epithelial cell types and their multi-phased defenses against fungi and other pathogens. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 563:119889. [PMID: 39117034 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucus and its movements are essential to epithelial tissue immune defenses against pathogens, including fungal pathogens, which can infect respiratory, gastrointestinal or the genito-urinary tracts. Several epithelial cell types contribute to their immune defense. This review focuses on the respiratory tract because of its paramount importance, but the observations will apply to epithelial cell defenses of other mucosal tissue, including the gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tracts. Mucus and its movements can enhance or degrade the immune defenses of the respiratory tract, particularly the lungs. The enhancements include inhaled pathogen entrapments, including fungal pathogens, pollutants and particulates, for their removal. The detriments include smaller lung airway obstructions by mucus, impairing the physical removal of pathogens and impairing vital transfers of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveolar circulatory system and the pulmonary air. Inflammation, edema and/or alveolar cellular damage can also reduce vital transfers of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lung alveolar circulatory system and the pulmonary air. Furthermore, respiratory tract defenses are affected by several fatty acid mediators which activate cellular receptors to manipulate neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, various innate lymphoid cells including the natural killer cells, T cells, γδ T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, NKT cells and mast cells. These mediators include the inflammatory and frequently immunosuppressive prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and the special pro-resolving mediators, which normally resolve inflammation and immunosuppression. The total effects on the various epithelial cell and immune cell types, after exposures to pathogens, pollutants or particulates, will determine respiratory tract health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Roe
- Retired United States Patent and Trademark Office, San Jose, CA, United States.
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Yu N, Li T, Qiu Z, Xu J, Li Y, Huang J, Yang Y, Li Z, Long X, Zhang H. Wip1 regulates wound healing by affecting activities of keratinocytes and endothelial cells through ATM-p53 and mTOR signaling. Burns 2023; 49:1969-1982. [PMID: 37357059 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a p53-regulated gene, Wip1 regulates proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and senescence of several type cells, but its biological functions in keratinocytes and endothelial cells which are involved wound healing are not fully understood. This study aims to reveal the function and underlying mechanism of Wip1 in wound healing using models of transgenic animal, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. METHODS Using Wip1 knockout C57 BL/6 mice, we investigated effect of Wip1 deficiency on wound healing and angiogenesis; And using HaCaT and HUVEC as keratinocytes and endothelial cells, combined using primary keratinocytes from Wip1 knockout mice, we studied the effects of Wip1 knockdown/knockout or overexpression on proliferation, migration, and protein expressions of signaling components in ATM-p53 and mTOR pathway. RESULTS Wip1 deficiency in mice impaired the wound repair and endothelial angiogenesis, reduced the thickness of granulation tissue, and decreased the number of Ki67-positive cells and CD31 positive vessels in granulation tissue. Knockdown of Wip1 by shRNAs suppressed the proliferation and migration of HaCaT and HUVEC cells and induced notably apoptosis in the two cells. In western blot, Wip1 knockdown enriched p53 and ATM proteins, while decreased activated AKT, mTOR and activated S6 ribosomal protein (pS6) levels in HaCaT and HUVEC cells. Ectopic expression of Wip1 decreased the p53 and ATM proteins, while increased activated AKT, mTOR and pS6 levels in HaCaT and HUVEC cells. And in primary keratinocytes from mice tail skin, Wip1 knockout increased p53 and ATM, while decreased activated AKT, mTOR and pS6 protein levels. CONCLUSION Our study directly supports that Wip1 regulated skin wound healing possibly by affecting bioactivities including proliferation, migration and apoptosis of keratinocytes and endothelial cells at least through by modulating ATM-p53 and mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zikai Qiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilan Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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3
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Interrelationships between the extracellular matrix and the immune microenvironment that govern epithelial tumour progression. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:361-377. [PMID: 35260891 PMCID: PMC8907655 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumours are composed of cancer cells characterised by genetic mutations that underpin the disease, but also contain a suite of genetically normal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). These two latter components are constituents of the tumour microenvironment (TME), and are key determinants of tumour biology and thereby the outcomes for patients. The tumour ECM has been the subject of intense research over the past two decades, revealing key biochemical and mechanobiological principles that underpin its role in tumour cell proliferation and survival. However, the ECM also strongly influences the genetically normal immune cells within the microenvironment, regulating not only their proliferation and survival, but also their differentiation and access to tumour cells. Here we review recent advances in our knowledge of how the ECM regulates the tumour immune microenvironment and vice versa, comparing normal skin wound healing to the pathological condition of tumour progression.
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Céspedes N, Donnelly EL, Lowder C, Hansten G, Wagers D, Briggs AM, Schauer J, Haapanen L, Åbrink M, Van de Water J, Luckhart S. Mast Cell Chymase/Mcpt4 Suppresses the Host Immune Response to Plasmodium yoelii, Limits Malaria-Associated Disruption of Intestinal Barrier Integrity and Reduces Parasite Transmission to Anopheles stephensi. Front Immunol 2022; 13:801120. [PMID: 35154114 PMCID: PMC8829543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.801120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in mast cells (MCs) and MCs mediators has been observed in malaria-associated bacteremia, however, the role of these granulocytes in malarial immunity is poorly understood. Herein, we studied the role of mouse MC protease (Mcpt) 4, an ortholog of human MC chymase, in malaria-induced bacteremia using Mcpt4 knockout (Mcpt4-/-) mice and Mcpt4+/+ C57BL/6J controls, and the non-lethal mouse parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XNL. Significantly lower parasitemia was observed in Mcpt4-/- mice compared with Mcpt4+/+ controls by day 10 post infection (PI). Although bacterial 16S DNA levels in blood were not different between groups, increased intestinal permeability to FITC-dextran and altered ileal adherens junction E-cadherin were observed in Mcpt4-/- mice. Relative to infected Mcpt4+/+ mice, ileal MC accumulation in Mcpt4-/- mice occurred two days earlier and IgE levels were higher by days 8-10 PI. Increased levels of circulating myeloperoxidase were observed at 6 and 10 days PI in Mcpt4+/+ but not Mcpt4-/- mice, affirming a role for neutrophil activation that was not predictive of parasitemia or bacterial 16S copies in blood. In contrast, early increased plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-12p40 and IL-3 were observed in Mcpt4-/- mice, while levels of IL-2, IL-10 and MIP1β (CCL4) were increased over the same period in Mcpt4+/+ mice, suggesting that the host response to infection was skewed toward a type-1 immune response in Mcpt4-/- mice and type-2 response in Mcpt4+/+ mice. Spearman analysis revealed an early (day 4 PI) correlation of Mcpt4-/- parasitemia with TNF-α and IFN-γ, inflammatory cytokines known for their roles in pathogen clearance, a pattern that was observed in Mcpt4+/+ mice much later (day 10 PI). Transmission success of P. y. yoelii 17XNL to Anopheles stephensi was significantly higher from infected Mcpt4-/- mice compared with infected Mcpt4+/+ mice, suggesting that Mcpt4 also impacts transmissibility of sexual stage parasites. Together, these results suggest that early MCs activation and release of Mcpt4 suppresses the host immune response to P. y. yoelii 17XNL, perhaps via degradation of TNF-α and promotion of a type-2 immune response that concordantly protects epithelial barrier integrity, while limiting the systemic response to bacteremia and parasite transmissibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Céspedes
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Erinn L. Donnelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Casey Lowder
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Gretchen Hansten
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Delaney Wagers
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Anna M. Briggs
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Joseph Schauer
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lori Haapanen
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Magnus Åbrink
- Section of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Córdova-Dávalos LE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Salinas E. Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685865. [PMID: 34211473 PMCID: PMC8240065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector cells equipped with different receptors that allow microbial recognition. Once activated, MCs release numerous biologically active mediators in the site of pathogen contact, which induce vascular endothelium modification, inflammation development and extracellular matrix remodeling. Efficient and direct antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs involve phagocytosis with oxidative and non-oxidative microbial destruction, extracellular trap formation, and the release of antimicrobial substances. MCs also contribute to host defense through the attraction and activation of phagocytic and inflammatory cells, shaping the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as part of their response to pathogens and under an impaired, sustained, or systemic activation, MCs may contribute to tissue damage. This review will focus on the current knowledge about direct and indirect contribution of MCs to pathogen clearance. Antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs are addressed with special attention to signaling pathways involved and molecular weapons implicated. The role of MCs in a dysregulated host response that can increase morbidity and mortality is also reviewed and discussed, highlighting the complexity of MCs biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marian Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Shariev A, Menounos S, Laos AJ, Laxman P, Lai D, Hua S, Zinger A, McRae CR, Casbolt LS, Combes V, Smith G, Hung TT, Dixon KM, Thordarson P, Mason RS, Das A. Skin protective and regenerative effects of RM191A, a novel superoxide dismutase mimetic. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101790. [PMID: 33202300 PMCID: PMC7677716 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is known to be protective against oxidative stress-mediated skin dysfunction. Here we explore the potential therapeutic activities of RM191A, a novel SOD mimetic, on skin. RM191A is a water-soluble dimeric copper (Cu2+-Cu3+)-centred polyglycine coordination complex. It displays 10-fold higher superoxide quenching activity compared to SOD as well as significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities through beneficial modulation of several significant inflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo. We tested the therapeutic potential of RM191A in a topical gel using a human skin explant model and observed that it significantly inhibits UV-induced DNA damage in the epidermis and dermis, including cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG) and 8-nitroguanine (8NGO). RM191A topical gel is found to be non-toxic, non-teratogenic and readily distributed in the body of mice. Moreover, it significantly accelerates excisional wound healing, reduces 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation and attenuates age-associated oxidative stress in skin, demonstrating both skin regenerative and geroprotective properties of RM191A. RM191A is a Cu3+ containing coordination complex with 10-fold higher superoxide quenching activity compared to superoxide dismutase. RM191A exhibits potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties in vitro and in vivo. RM191A protects human skin explants against UV-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. RM191A is non-toxic, non-teratogenic and readily bioavailable in mice. RM191A promotes wound healing, and attenuates TPA-induced inflammation as well as age-associated oxidative stress in mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Shariev
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia; Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Spiro Menounos
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alistair J Laos
- School of Chemistry, The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pooja Laxman
- School of Chemistry, The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Donna Lai
- Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Sheng Hua
- Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Zinger
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher R McRae
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Llewellyn S Casbolt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valery Combes
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Greg Smith
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tzong-Tyng Hung
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katie M Dixon
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia; Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca S Mason
- Bosch Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Abhirup Das
- St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Pinke KH, Zorzella-Pezavento SFG, Lara VS, Sartori A. Should mast cells be considered therapeutic targets in multiple sclerosis? Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1995-2007. [PMID: 32394947 PMCID: PMC7716037 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are found throughout the body, including the central nervous system. They perform many functions associated with innate and specific immunity, angiogenesis, and vascular homeostasis. Moreover, they have been implicated in a series of pathologies (e.g., hypersensitivity reactions, tumors, and inflammatory disorders). In this review, we propose that this cell could be a relevant therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis, which is a central nervous system degenerative disease. To support this proposition, we describe the general biological properties of mast cells, their contribution to innate and specific immunity, and the participation of mast cells in the various stages of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis development. The final part of this review is dedicated to an overview of the available mast cells immunomodulatory drugs and their activity on multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, including our own experience related to the effect of ketotifen fumarate on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Henriette Pinke
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Bauru School of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandrina Sartori
- Institute of Biosciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Juettner NE, Bogen JP, Bauer TA, Knapp S, Pfeifer F, Huettenhain SH, Meusinger R, Kraemer A, Fuchsbauer HL. Decoding the Papain Inhibitor from Streptomyces mobaraensis as Being Hydroxylated Chymostatin Derivatives: Purification, Structure Analysis, and Putative Biosynthetic Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2983-2995. [PMID: 32998509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces mobaraensis produces the papain inhibitor SPI consisting of a 12 kDa protein and small active compounds (SPIac). Purification of the papain inhibitory compounds resulted in four diverse chymostatin derivatives that were characterized by NMR and MS analysis. Chymostatins are hydrophobic tetrapeptide aldehydes from streptomycetes, e.g., S. lavendulae and S. hygroscopicus, that reverse chymosin-mediated angiotensin activation and inhibit other serine and cysteine proteases. Chymotrypsin and papain were both inhibited by the SPIac compounds in the low nanomolar range. SPIac differs from the characterized chymostatins by the exchange of phenylalanine for tyrosine. The crystal structure of one of these chymostatin variants confirmed its molecular structure and revealed a S-configured hemithioacetal bond with the catalytic Cys25 thiolate as well as close interactions with hydrophobic S1 and S2 subsite amino acids. A model for chymostatin biosynthesis is provided based on the discovery of clustered genes encoding several putative nonribosomal peptide synthetases; among them, there is the unusual CstF enzyme that accommodates two canonical amino acid activation domains as well as three peptide carrier protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert E Juettner
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Stephanstraße 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
- The Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan P Bogen
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Stephanstraße 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tobias A Bauer
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Stephanstraße 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felicitas Pfeifer
- The Department of Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan H Huettenhain
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Stephanstraße 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Reinhard Meusinger
- The Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Kraemer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Lothar Fuchsbauer
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences of Darmstadt, Stephanstraße 7, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
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Acidic Phospholipase A2-Peptide Derivative Modulates Oxidative Status and Microstructural Reorganization of Scar Tissue after Cutaneous Injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8273986. [PMID: 32733589 PMCID: PMC7369679 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8273986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
From in vitro and in vivo models, the proliferative and healing potential of an acidic phospholipase A2 (LAPLA2) from Lachesis muta venom was investigated. The LAPLA2 proliferative activity was evaluated on fibroblasts and keratinocytes cultured, and the antioxidant and regenerative potential of LAPLA2 was analyzed in a murine model. The animal study consisted of four groups: C (negative control): 0.9% NaCl; SS (positive control): 1% silver sulfadiazine; L1 group: 0.5% LAPLA2; and L2 group: 0.25% LAPLA2. Wounds were topically treated daily for 12 days, and scar tissue samples were collected every 4 days. In vitro, LAPLA2 stimulated marked time-dependent cell proliferation. In vivo, it increased the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (CP) levels in scar tissue treated with LAPLA2 at 0.5%. This peptide was effective in stimulating cellular proliferation, neoangiogenesis, type I and III collagen deposition, and maturation in a time-dependent-way, reducing the time required for wound closure. Our results indicated that LAPLA2 presented a remarkable potential in improving the oxidative status and microstructural reorganization of the scar tissue by stimulation of cellularity, angiogenesis, colagenogenesis, and wound contraction, suggesting that the peptide could be a potential candidate for a new healing drug.
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