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Garbarino VR, Palavicini JP, Melendez J, Barthelemy N, He Y, Kautz TF, Lopez-Cruzan M, Mathews JJ, Xu P, Zhan B, Saliba A, Ragi N, Sharma K, Craft S, Petersen RC, Espindola-Netto JM, Xue A, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Seshadri S, Salardini A, Musi N, Bateman RJ, Gonzales MM, Orr ME. Evaluation of Exploratory Fluid Biomarker Results from a Phase 1 Senolytic Trial in Mild Alzheimer's Disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3994894. [PMID: 38496619 PMCID: PMC10942554 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3994894/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Senescent cell accumulation contributes to the progression of age-related disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical trials evaluating senolytics, drugs that clear senescent cells, are underway, but lack standardized outcome measures. Our team recently published data from the first open-label trial to evaluate senolytics (dasatinib plus quercetin) in AD. After 12-weeks of intermittent treatment, we reported brain exposure to dasatinib, favorable safety and tolerability, and modest post-treatment changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory and AD biomarkers using commercially available assays. Herein, we present more comprehensive exploratory analyses of senolytic associated changes in AD relevant proteins, metabolites, lipids, and transcripts measured across blood, CSF, and urine. These analyses included mass spectrometry for precise quantification of amyloid beta (Aß) and tau in CSF; immunoassays to assess senescence associated secretory factors in plasma, CSF, and urine; mass spectrometry analysis of urinary metabolites and lipids in blood and CSF; and transcriptomic analyses relevant to chronic stress measured in peripheral blood cells. Levels of Aß and tau species remained stable. Targeted cytokine and chemokine analyses revealed treatment-associated increases in inflammatory plasma fractalkine and MMP-7 and CSF IL-6. Urinary metabolites remained unchanged. Modest treatment-associated lipid profile changes suggestive of decreased inflammation were observed both peripherally and centrally. Blood transcriptomic analysis indicated downregulation of inflammatory genes including FOS, FOSB, IL1β, IL8, JUN, JUNB, PTGS2. These data provide a foundation for developing standardized outcome measures across senolytic studies and indicate distinct biofluid-specific signatures that will require validation in future studies. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04063124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina R. Garbarino
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Justin Melendez
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Tracy Family SILQ Center for Neurodegenerative Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicolas Barthelemy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Tracy Family SILQ Center for Neurodegenerative Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yingxin He
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Tracy Family SILQ Center for Neurodegenerative Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tiffany F. Kautz
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marisa Lopez-Cruzan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julia J. Mathews
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afaf Saliba
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nagarjunachary Ragi
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Precision Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Ailing Xue
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arash Salardini
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Tracy Family SILQ Center for Neurodegenerative Biology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mitzi M. Gonzales
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miranda E. Orr
- Department of Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Salisbury VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, 28144, USA
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Gire V, Wynford-Thomas D. Reinitiation of DNA synthesis and cell division in senescent human fibroblasts by microinjection of anti-p53 antibodies. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:1611-21. [PMID: 9488478 PMCID: PMC108876 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.3.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In human fibroblasts, growth arrest at the end of the normal proliferative life span (induction of senescence) is dependent on the activity of the tumor suppressor protein p53. In contrast, once senescence has been established, it is generally accepted that reinitiation of DNA synthesis requires loss of multiple suppressor pathways, for example, by expression of Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen, and that even this will not induce complete cell cycle traverse. Here we have used microinjection of monoclonal antibodies to the N terminus of p53, PAb1801 and DO-1, to reinvestigate the effect of blocking p53 function in senescent human fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, we found that both antibodies induce senescent cells to reenter S phase almost as efficiently as SV40, accompanied by a reversion to the "young" morphology. Furthermore, this is followed by completion of the cell division cycle, as shown by the appearance of mitoses, and by a four- to fivefold increase in cell number 9 days after injection. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that expression of the p53-inducible cyclin/kinase inhibitor p21sdi1/WAF1 was greatly diminished by targeting p53 with either PAb1801 or DO-1 but remained high and, moreover, still p53 dependent in cells expressing SV40 T antigen. As previously observed for induction, the maintenance of fibroblast senescence therefore appears to be critically dependent on functional p53. We suggest that the previous failure to observe this by using SV40 T-antigen mutants to target p53 was most probably due to incomplete abrogation of p53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gire
- Department of Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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