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Xiong Q, Feng R, Fischer S, Karow M, Stumpf M, Meßling S, Nitz L, Müller S, Clemen CS, Song N, Li P, Wu C, Eichinger L. Proteasomes of Autophagy-Deficient Cells Exhibit Alterations in Regulatory Proteins and a Marked Reduction in Activity. Cells 2023; 12:1514. [PMID: 37296637 PMCID: PMC10252828 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system are the two major processes for the clearance and recycling of proteins and organelles in eukaryotic cells. Evidence is accumulating that there is extensive crosstalk between the two pathways, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We previously found that autophagy 9 (ATG9) and 16 (ATG16) proteins are crucial for full proteasomal activity in the unicellular amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. In comparison to AX2 wild-type cells, ATG9-and ATG16- cells displayed a 60%, and ATG9-/16- cells a 90%, decrease in proteasomal activity. Mutant cells also showed a significant increase in poly-ubiquitinated proteins and contained large ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates. Here, we focus on possible reasons for these results. Reanalysis of published tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic results of AX2, ATG9-, ATG16-, and ATG9-/16- cells revealed no change in the abundance of proteasomal subunits. To identify possible differences in proteasome-associated proteins, we generated AX2 wild-type and ATG16- cells expressing the 20S proteasomal subunit PSMA4 as GFP-tagged fusion protein, and performed co-immunoprecipitation experiments followed by mass spectrometric analysis. The results revealed no significant differences in the abundance of proteasomes between the two strains. However, we found enrichment as well as depletion of proteasomal regulators and differences in the ubiquitination of associated proteins for ATG16-, as compared to AX2 cells. Recently, proteaphagy has been described as a means to replace non-functional proteasomes. We propose that autophagy-deficient D. discoideum mutants suffer from inefficient proteaphagy, which results in the accumulation of modified, less-active, and also of inactive, proteasomes. As a consequence, these cells exhibit a dramatic decrease in proteasomal activity and deranged protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Xiong
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Rong Feng
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Malte Karow
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Meßling
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leonie Nitz
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- CECAD Proteomics Facility, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S. Clemen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ning Song
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ping Li
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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2
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Dynamics of Actin Cytoskeleton and Their Signaling Pathways during Cellular Wound Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193166. [PMID: 36231128 PMCID: PMC9564287 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of wounded cell membranes is essential for cell survival. Upon wounding, actin transiently accumulates at the wound site. The loss of actin accumulation leads to cell death. The mechanism by which actin accumulates at the wound site, the types of actin-related proteins participating in the actin remodeling, and their signaling pathways are unclear. We firstly examined how actin accumulates at a wound site in Dictyostelium cells. Actin assembled de novo at the wound site, independent of cortical flow. Next, we searched for actin- and signal-related proteins targeting the wound site. Fourteen of the examined proteins transiently accumulated at different times. Thirdly, we performed functional analyses using gene knockout mutants or specific inhibitors. Rac, WASP, formin, the Arp2/3 complex, profilin, and coronin contribute to the actin dynamics. Finally, we found that multiple signaling pathways related to TORC2, the Elmo/Doc complex, PIP2-derived products, PLA2, and calmodulin are involved in the actin dynamics for wound repair.
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Asif M, Kaygusuz E, Shinawi M, Nickelsen A, Hsieh TC, Wagle P, Budde BS, Hochscherf J, Abdullah U, Höning S, Nienberg C, Lindenblatt D, Noegel AA, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Motameny S, Fleischer N, Segal I, Pais L, Tinschert S, Samra NN, Savatt JM, Rudy NL, De Luca C, Paola Fortugno, White SM, Krawitz P, Hurst ACE, Niefind K, Jose J, Brancati F, Nürnberg P, Hussain MS. De novo variants of CSNK2B cause a new intellectual disability-craniodigital syndrome by disrupting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. HGG ADVANCES 2022; 3:100111. [PMID: 35571680 PMCID: PMC9092267 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CSNK2B encodes for casein kinase II subunit beta (CK2β), the regulatory subunit of casein kinase II (CK2), which is known to mediate diverse cellular pathways. Variants in this gene have been recently identified as a cause of Poirier-Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome (POBINDS), but functional evidence is sparse. Here, we report five unrelated individuals: two of them manifesting POBINDS, while three are identified to segregate a new intellectual disability-craniodigital syndrome (IDCS), distinct from POBINDS. The three IDCS individuals carried two different de novo missense variants affecting the same codon of CSNK2B. Both variants, NP_001311.3; p.Asp32His and NP_001311.3; p.Asp32Asn, lead to an upregulation of CSNK2B expression at transcript and protein level, along with global dysregulation of canonical Wnt signaling. We found impaired interaction of the two key players DVL3 and β-catenin with mutated CK2β. The variants compromise the kinase activity of CK2 as evident by a marked reduction of phosphorylated β-catenin and consequent absence of active β-catenin inside nuclei of the patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). In line with these findings, whole-transcriptome profiling of patient-derived LCLs harboring the NP_001311.3; p.Asp32His variant confirmed a marked difference in expression of genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, whole-phosphoproteome analysis of the LCLs of the same subject showed absence of phosphorylation for 313 putative CK2 substrates, enriched in the regulation of nuclear β-catenin and transcription of the target genes. Our findings suggest that discrete variants in CSNK2B cause dominant-negative perturbation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, leading to a new craniodigital syndrome distinguishable from POBINDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Emrah Kaygusuz
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gülümbe Campus, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Nickelsen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Tzung-Chien Hsieh
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Prerana Wagle
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit S Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hochscherf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Stefan Höning
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Nienberg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Lindenblatt
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Facility Genomics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Motameny
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Lynn Pais
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Zentrum Medizinische Genetik, Medizinische Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadra Nasser Samra
- Hospital Center, Safed, Israel.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Natasha L Rudy
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chiara De Luca
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Paola Fortugno
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,IRCCS, San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Krawitz
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C E Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karsten Niefind
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Science, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.,IRCCS, San Raffaele Roma, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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4
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Dufour W, Alawbathani S, Jourdain AS, Asif M, Baujat G, Becker C, Budde B, Gallacher L, Georgomanolis T, Ghoumid J, Höhne W, Lyonnet S, Ba-Saddik IA, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Motameny S, Noegel AA, Pais L, Vanlerberghe C, Wagle P, White SM, Willems M, Nürnberg P, Escande F, Petit F, Hussain MS. Monoallelic and biallelic variants in LEF1 are associated with a new syndrome combining ectodermal dysplasia and limb malformations caused by altered WNT signaling. Genet Med 2022; 24:1708-1721. [PMID: 35583550 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE LEF1 encodes a transcription factor acting downstream of the WNT-β-catenin signaling pathway. It was recently suspected as a candidate for ectodermal dysplasia in 2 individuals carrying 4q35 microdeletions. We report on 12 individuals harboring LEF1 variants. METHODS High-throughput sequencing was employed to delineate the genetic underpinnings of the disease. Cellular consequences were characterized by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, pulldown assays, and/or RNA sequencing. RESULTS Monoallelic variants in LEF1 were detected in 11 affected individuals from 4 unrelated families, and a biallelic variant was detected in an affected individual from a consanguineous family. The phenotypic spectrum includes various limb malformations, such as radial ray defects, polydactyly or split hand/foot, and ectodermal dysplasia. Depending on the type and location of LEF1 variants, the inheritance of this novel Mendelian condition can be either autosomal dominant or recessive. Our functional data indicate that 2 molecular mechanisms are at play: haploinsufficiency or loss of DNA binding are responsible for a mild to moderate phenotype, whereas loss of β-catenin binding caused by biallelic variants is associated with a severe phenotype. Transcriptomic studies reveal an alteration of WNT signaling. CONCLUSION Our findings establish mono- and biallelic variants in LEF1 as a cause for a novel syndrome comprising limb malformations and ectodermal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Dufour
- University of Lille, EA7364 RADEME, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | - Salem Alawbathani
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Jourdain
- University of Lille, EA7364 RADEME, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Institut de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Lille, France
| | - Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service de génétique, CHU Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christian Becker
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lyndon Gallacher
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theodoros Georgomanolis
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- University of Lille, EA7364 RADEME, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | - Wolfgang Höhne
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service de génétique, CHU Paris, Paris, France
| | - Iman Ali Ba-Saddik
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen
| | - Sylvie Manouvrier-Hanu
- University of Lille, EA7364 RADEME, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | - Susanne Motameny
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lynn Pais
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Clémence Vanlerberghe
- University of Lille, EA7364 RADEME, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, Lille, France
| | - Prerana Wagle
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Service de génétique, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fabienne Escande
- University of Lille, EA7364 RADEME, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Institut de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Lille, France
| | - Florence Petit
- University of Lille, EA7364 RADEME, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Clinique de génétique Guy Fontaine, Lille, France.
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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5
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Gräf R, Grafe M, Meyer I, Mitic K, Pitzen V. The Dictyostelium Centrosome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102657. [PMID: 34685637 PMCID: PMC8534566 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome of Dictyostelium amoebae contains no centrioles and consists of a cylindrical layered core structure surrounded by a corona harboring microtubule-nucleating γ-tubulin complexes. It is the major centrosomal model beyond animals and yeasts. Proteomics, protein interaction studies by BioID and superresolution microscopy methods led to considerable progress in our understanding of the composition, structure and function of this centrosome type. We discuss all currently known components of the Dictyostelium centrosome in comparison to other centrosomes of animals and yeasts.
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6
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Riehl J, Rijal R, Nitz L, Clemen CS, Hofmann A, Eichinger L. Domain Organization of the UBX Domain Containing Protein 9 and Analysis of Its Interactions With the Homohexameric AAA + ATPase p97 (Valosin-Containing Protein). Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:748860. [PMID: 34631722 PMCID: PMC8495200 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.748860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundant homohexameric AAA + ATPase p97 (also known as valosin-containing protein, VCP) is highly conserved from Dictyostelium discoideum to human and a pivotal factor of cellular protein homeostasis as it catalyzes the unfolding of proteins. Owing to its fundamental function in protein quality control pathways, it is regulated by more than 30 cofactors, including the UBXD protein family, whose members all carry an Ubiquitin Regulatory X (UBX) domain that enables binding to p97. One member of this latter protein family is the largely uncharacterized UBX domain containing protein 9 (UBXD9). Here, we analyzed protein-protein interactions of D. discoideum UBXD9 with p97 using a series of N- and C-terminal truncation constructs and probed the UBXD9 interactome in D. discoideum. Pull-down assays revealed that the UBX domain (amino acids 384-466) is necessary and sufficient for p97 interactions and that the N-terminal extension of the UBX domain, which folds into a β0-α- 1-α0 lariat structure, is required for the dissociation of p97 hexamers. Functionally, this finding is reflected by strongly reduced ATPase activity of p97 upon addition of full length UBXD9 or UBXD9261-573. Results from Blue Native PAGE as well as structural model prediction suggest that hexamers of UBXD9 or UBXD9261-573 interact with p97 hexamers and disrupt the p97 subunit interactions via insertion of a helical lariat structure, presumably by destabilizing the p97 D1:D1' intermolecular interface. We thus propose that UBXD9 regulates p97 activity in vivo by shifting the quaternary structure equilibrium from hexamers to monomers. Using three independent approaches, we further identified novel interaction partners of UBXD9, including glutamine synthetase type III as well as several actin-binding proteins. These findings suggest a role of UBXD9 in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and are in line with the hypothesized oligomerization-dependent mechanism of p97 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Riehl
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ramesh Rijal
- Department of Biology, College Station, Texas A&M University, Texas, TX, United States
| | - Leonie Nitz
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S. Clemen
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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7
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Rust MB, Khudayberdiev S, Pelucchi S, Marcello E. CAPt'n of Actin Dynamics: Recent Advances in the Molecular, Developmental and Physiological Functions of Cyclase-Associated Protein (CAP). Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586631. [PMID: 33072768 PMCID: PMC7543520 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) has been discovered three decades ago in budding yeast as a protein that associates with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-producing adenylyl cyclase and that suppresses a hyperactive RAS2 variant. Since that time, CAP has been identified in all eukaryotic species examined and it became evident that the activity in RAS-cAMP signaling is restricted to a limited number of species. Instead, its actin binding activity is conserved among eukaryotes and actin cytoskeleton regulation emerged as its primary function. However, for many years, the molecular functions as well as the developmental and physiological relevance of CAP remained unknown. In the present article, we will compile important recent progress on its molecular functions that identified CAP as a novel key regulator of actin dynamics, i.e., the spatiotemporally controlled assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin). These studies unraveled a cooperation with ADF/Cofilin and Twinfilin in F-actin disassembly, a nucleotide exchange activity on globular actin monomers (G-actin) that is required for F-actin assembly and an inhibitory function towards the F-actin assembly factor INF2. Moreover, by focusing on selected model organisms, we will review current literature on its developmental and physiological functions, and we will present studies implicating CAP in human pathologies. Together, this review article summarizes and discusses recent achievements in understanding the molecular, developmental and physiological functions of CAP, which led this protein emerge as a novel CAPt'n of actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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8
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Solga R, Behrens J, Ziemann A, Riou A, Berwanger C, Becker L, Garrett L, de Angelis MH, Fischer L, Coras R, Barkovits K, Marcus K, Mahabir E, Eichinger L, Schröder R, Noegel AA, Clemen CS. CRN2 binds to TIMP4 and MMP14 and promotes perivascular invasion of glioblastoma cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2019; 98:151046. [PMID: 31677819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2019.151046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CRN2 is an actin filament binding protein involved in the regulation of various cellular processes including cell migration and invasion. CRN2 has been implicated in the malignant progression of different types of human cancer. We used CRN2 knock-out mice for analyses as well as for crossbreeding with a Tp53/Pten knock-out glioblastoma mouse model. CRN2 knock-out mice were subjected to a phenotyping screen at the German Mouse Clinic. Murine glioblastoma tissue specimens as well as cultured murine brain slices and glioblastoma cell lines were investigated by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and cell biological experiments. Protein interactions were studied by immunoprecipitation, pull-down, and enzyme activity assays. CRN2 knock-out mice displayed neurological and behavioural alterations, e.g. reduced hearing sensitivity, reduced acoustic startle response, hypoactivity, and less frequent urination. While glioblastoma mice with or without the additional CRN2 knock-out allele exhibited no significant difference in their survival rates, the increased levels of CRN2 in transplanted glioblastoma cells caused a higher tumour cell encasement of murine brain slice capillaries. We identified two important factors of the tumour microenvironment, the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4) and the matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14, synonym: MT1-MMP), as novel binding partners of CRN2. All three proteins mutually interacted and co-localised at the front of lamellipodia, and CRN2 was newly detected in exosomes. On the functional level, we demonstrate that CRN2 increased the secretion of TIMP4 as well as the catalytic activity of MMP14. Our results imply that CRN2 represents a pro-invasive effector within the tumour cell microenvironment of glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Solga
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Behrens
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Ziemann
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Adrien Riou
- In-vivo NMR, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Berwanger
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Fischer
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katalin Barkovits
- Medizinisches Proteom‑Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom‑Center, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany; Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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9
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Mroß C, Marko M, Munck M, Glöckner G, Motameny S, Altmüller J, Noegel AA, Eichinger L, Peche VS, Neumann S. Depletion of Nesprin-2 is associated with an embryonic lethal phenotype in mice. Nucleus 2019; 9:503-515. [PMID: 30220251 PMCID: PMC6244730 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1523664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nesprin-2 is a nuclear envelope component and provides a link between cytoskeletal components of the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. Several isoforms are generated from its gene Syne2. Loss of the largest isoform Nesprin-2 Giant in mice is associated with a skin phenotype and altered wound healing, loss of C-terminal isoforms in mice leads to cardiomyopathies and neurological defects. Here we attempted to establish mice with an inducible knockout of all Nesprin-2 isoforms by inserting shRNA encoding sequences targeting the N- and C-terminus into the ROSA26 locus of mice. This caused early embryonic death of the animals harboring the mutant allele, which was presumably due to leaky expression of the shRNAs. Mutant embryos were only observed before E13. They had an altered appearance and were smaller in size than their wild type littermates. From this we conclude that the Nesprin-2 gene function is crucial during embryonic growth, differentiation and organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Mroß
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Marija Marko
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Martina Munck
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Gernot Glöckner
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Susanne Motameny
- b Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) , University of Cologne , Koeln , Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- b Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) , University of Cologne , Koeln , Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Vivek S Peche
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
| | - Sascha Neumann
- a Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty , University Hospital Cologne; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) , Koeln , Germany
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10
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Hasan R, Zhou GL. The Cytoskeletal Protein Cyclase-Associated Protein 1 (CAP1) in Breast Cancer: Context-Dependent Roles in Both the Invasiveness and Proliferation of Cancer Cells and Underlying Cell Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2653. [PMID: 31151140 PMCID: PMC6600220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a conserved actin-regulating protein, CAP (adenylyl Cyclase-Associated Protein) functions to facilitate the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. The ubiquitously expressed isoform CAP1 drives mammalian cell migration, and accordingly, most studies on the involvement of CAP1 in human cancers have largely been based on the rationale that up-regulated CAP1 will stimulate cancer cell migration and invasiveness. While findings from some studies reported so far support this case, lines of evidence largely from our recent studies point to a more complex and profound role for CAP1 in the invasiveness of cancer cells, where the potential activation of cell adhesion signaling is believed to play a key role. Moreover, CAP1 was also found to control proliferation in breast cancer cells, through the regulation of ERK (External signal-Regulated Kinase). Alterations in the activities of FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) and ERK from CAP1 depletion that are consistent to the opposite adhesion and proliferation phenotypes were detected in the metastatic and non-metastatic breast cancer cells. In this review, we begin with the overview of the literature on CAP, by highlighting the molecular functions of mammalian CAP1 in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and cell adhesion. We will next discuss the role of the FAK/ERK axis, and possibly Rap1, in mediating CAP1 signals to control breast cancer cell adhesion, invasiveness, and proliferation, largely based on our latest findings. Finally, we will discuss the relevance of these novel mechanistic insights to ultimately realizing the translational potential of CAP1 in targeted therapeutics for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokib Hasan
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA.
| | - Guo-Lei Zhou
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA.
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11
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Functional Characterization of Ubiquitin-Like Core Autophagy Protein ATG12 in Dictyostelium discoideum. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010072. [PMID: 30669443 PMCID: PMC6356199 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradative pathway that is crucial for cellular homeostasis. During autophagy, the core autophagy protein ATG12 plays, together with ATG5 and ATG16, an essential role in the expansion of the autophagosomal membrane. In this study we analyzed gene replacement mutants of atg12 in Dictyostelium discoideum AX2 wild-type and ATG16‾ cells. RNAseq analysis revealed a strong enrichment of, firstly, autophagy genes among the up-regulated genes and, secondly, genes implicated in cell motility and phagocytosis among the down-regulated genes in the generated ATG12‾, ATG16‾ and ATG12‾/16‾ cells. The mutant strains showed similar defects in fruiting body formation, autolysosome maturation, and cellular viability, implying that ATG12 and ATG16 act as a functional unit in canonical autophagy. In contrast, ablation of ATG16 or of ATG12 and ATG16 resulted in slightly more severe defects in axenic growth, macropinocytosis, and protein homeostasis than ablation of only ATG12, suggesting that ATG16 fulfils an additional function in these processes. Phagocytosis of yeast, spore viability, and maximal cell density were much more affected in ATG12‾/16‾ cells, indicating that both proteins also have cellular functions independent of each other. In summary, we show that ATG12 and ATG16 fulfil autophagy-independent functions in addition to their role in canonical autophagy.
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12
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Woodsmith J, Casado-Medrano V, Benlasfer N, Eccles RL, Hutten S, Heine CL, Thormann V, Abou-Ajram C, Rocks O, Dormann D, Stelzl U. Interaction modulation through arrays of clustered methyl-arginine protein modifications. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800178. [PMID: 30456387 PMCID: PMC6238616 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic analysis of human arginine methylation identifies two distinct signaling modes; either isolated modifications akin to canonical post-translational modification regulation, or clustered arrays within disordered protein sequence. Hundreds of proteins contain these methyl-arginine arrays and are more prone to accumulate mutations and more tightly expression-regulated than dispersed methylation targets. Arginines within an array in the highly methylated RNA-binding protein synaptotagmin binding cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein (SYNCRIP) were experimentally shown to function in concert, providing a tunable protein interaction interface. Quantitative immunoprecipitation assays defined two distinct cumulative binding mechanisms operating across 18 proximal arginine-glycine (RG) motifs in SYNCRIP. Functional binding to the methyltransferase PRMT1 was promoted by continual arginine stretches, whereas interaction with the methyl-binding protein SMN1 was arginine content-dependent irrespective of linear position within the unstructured region. This study highlights how highly repetitive modifiable amino acid arrays in low structural complexity regions can provide regulatory platforms, with SYNCRIP as an extreme example how arginine methylation leverages these disordered sequences to mediate cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Woodsmith
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Casado-Medrano
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca L Eccles
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Saskia Hutten
- BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christian L Heine
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Thormann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Abou-Ajram
- BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Oliver Rocks
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and BioTechMed-Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Xiong Q, Fischer S, Karow M, Müller R, Meßling S, Eichinger L. ATG16 mediates the autophagic degradation of the 19S proteasomal subunits PSMD1 and PSMD2. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:523-532. [PMID: 30269947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system are the two major cellular processes for protein and organelle recycling and clearance in eukaryotic cells. Evidence is accumulating that these two pathways are interrelated through adaptor proteins. Here, we found that PSMD1 and PSMD2, both components of the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome, directly interact with Dictyostelium discoideum autophagy 16 (ATG16), a core autophagosomal protein. ATG16 is composed of an N-terminal domain, which is responsible for homo-dimerization and binding to ATG5 and a C-terminal β-propeller structure. Deletion analysis of ATG16 showed that the N-terminal half of ATG16 interacted directly only with PSMD1, while the C-terminal half interacted with both, PSMD1 and PSMD2. RFP-tagged PSMD1 as well as PSMD2 were enriched in large puncta, reminiscent of autophagosomes, in wild-type cells. These puncta were absent in atg16‾ and atg9‾/16‾ cells and weaker and less frequent in atg9‾ cells, showing that ATG16 was crucial and the autophagic process important for their formation. Co-expression of ATG16-GFP or GFP-ATG8a(LC3) with RFP-PSMD1 or RFP-PSMD2, respectively, in atg16‾ or wild-type cells revealed many instances of co-localization, suggesting that RFP-PSMD1 or RFP-PSMD2 positive puncta constitute autophagosomes. LysoTracker® labeling and a proteolytic cleavage assay confirmed that PSMD1 and PSMD2 were present in lysosomes in wild-type cells. In vivo, ATG16 is required for their enrichment in ATG8a positive puncta, which mature into autolysosomes. We propose that ATG16 links autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Xiong
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany.; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, 030006 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Malte Karow
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Meßling
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany..
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14
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Song L, Rijal R, Karow M, Stumpf M, Hahn O, Park L, Insall R, Schröder R, Hofmann A, Clemen CS, Eichinger L. Expression of N471D strumpellin leads to defects in the endolysosomal system. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm033449. [PMID: 30061306 PMCID: PMC6177004 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically diverse and clinically characterised by lower limb weakness and spasticity. The N471D and several other point mutations of human strumpellin (Str; also known as WASHC5), a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) complex, have been shown to cause a form of HSP known as spastic paraplegia 8 (SPG8). To investigate the molecular functions of wild-type (WT) and N417D Str, we generated Dictyostelium Str- cells and ectopically expressed StrWT-GFP or StrN471D-GFP in Str- and WT cells. Overexpression of both proteins apparently caused a defect in cell division, as we observed a clear increase in multinucleate cells. Real-time PCR analyses revealed no transcriptional changes in WASH complex subunits in Str- cells, but western blots showed a twofold decrease in the SWIP subunit. GFP-trap experiments in conjunction with mass-spectrometric analysis revealed many previously known, as well as new, Str-interacting proteins, and also proteins that no longer bind to StrN471D At the cellular level, Str- cells displayed defects in cell growth, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, exocytosis and lysosomal function. Expression of StrWT-GFP in Str- cells rescued all observed defects. In contrast, expression of StrN471D-GFP could not rescue lysosome morphology and exocytosis of indigestible material. Our results underscore a key role for the WASH complex and its core subunit, Str, in the endolysosomal system, and highlight the fundamental importance of the Str N471 residue for maintaining lysosome morphology and dynamics. Our data indicate that the SPG8-causing N471D mutation leads to a partial loss of Str function in the endolysosomal system. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ramesh Rijal
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 3258, USA
| | - Malte Karow
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Park
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Robert Insall
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, N75 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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15
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Müller R, Stumpf M, Wehrstedt R, Sukumaran SK, Karow MA, Marko M, Noegel AA, Eichinger L. The regulatory subunit phr2AB of Dictyostelium discoideum phosphatase PP2A interacts with the centrosomal protein CEP161, a CDK5RAP2 ortholog. Genes Cells 2018; 23:923-931. [PMID: 30133996 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
phr2AB is the regulatory subunit of the Dictyostelium discoideum phosphatase PP2A and is the ortholog of the human B55 regulatory subunit of PP2A. phr2AB was isolated as a binding partner of the centrosomal protein CEP161, an ortholog of mammalian CDK5RAP2. CEP161 is presumably a phosphoprotein and a component of the Hippo pathway. The interaction site was located in the N-terminal half of CEP161 which encompasses the γTURC binding domain in CEP161. This binding domain is responsible for binding of the γ-tubulin ring complex which allows microtubule nucleation at the centrosome. GFP-tagged phr2AB is diffusely distributed throughout the cell and enriched at the centrosome. Ectopic expression of phr2AB as GFP fusion protein led to multinucleation, aberrant nucleus centrosome ratios and an altered sensitivity to okadaic acid. Some of these features were also affected in cells over-expressing domains of CEP161 and in cells from patients suffering from primary microcephaly, which carried a mutated CDK5RAP2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Müller
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Regina Wehrstedt
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Salil K Sukumaran
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Malte A Karow
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marija Marko
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Institute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Kakurina GV, Kolegova ES, Kondakova IV. Adenylyl Cyclase-Associated Protein 1: Structure, Regulation, and Participation in Cellular Processes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29534668 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes information available to date about the structural organization, regulation of functional activity of adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), and its participation in cellular processes. Numerous data are generalized on the role of CAP1 in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton and its interactions with many actin-binding proteins. Attention is drawn to the similarity of the structure of CAP1 and its contribution to the remodeling of actin filaments in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as well as to the difference in the interaction of CAP1 with adenylyl cyclase in these cells. In addition, we discuss the participation of CAP1 in various pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Kakurina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
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17
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Hofweber M, Hutten S, Bourgeois B, Spreitzer E, Niedner-Boblenz A, Schifferer M, Ruepp MD, Simons M, Niessing D, Madl T, Dormann D. Phase Separation of FUS Is Suppressed by Its Nuclear Import Receptor and Arginine Methylation. Cell 2018; 173:706-719.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Nesprin-2 Interacts with Condensin Component SMC2. Int J Cell Biol 2018; 2017:8607532. [PMID: 29445399 PMCID: PMC5763115 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8607532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope proteins, Nesprins, have been primarily studied during interphase where they function in maintaining nuclear shape, size, and positioning. We analyze here the function of Nesprin-2 in chromatin interactions in interphase and dividing cells. We characterize a region in the rod domain of Nesprin-2 that is predicted as SMC domain (aa 1436-1766). We show that this domain can interact with itself. It furthermore has the capacity to bind to SMC2 and SMC4, the core subunits of condensin. The interaction was observed during all phases of the cell cycle; it was particularly strong during S phase and persisted also during mitosis. Nesprin-2 knockdown did not affect condensin distribution; however we noticed significantly higher numbers of chromatin bridges in Nesprin-2 knockdown cells in anaphase. Thus, Nesprin-2 may have an impact on chromosomes which might be due to its interaction with condensins or to indirect mechanisms provided by its interactions at the nuclear envelope.
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19
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Li P, Stumpf M, Müller R, Eichinger L, Glöckner G, Noegel AA. The function of the inner nuclear envelope protein SUN1 in mRNA export is regulated by phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9157. [PMID: 28831067 PMCID: PMC5567243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SUN1, a component of the LINC (Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex, functions in mammalian mRNA export through the NXF1-dependent pathway. It associates with mRNP complexes by direct interaction with NXF1. It also binds to the NPC through association with the nuclear pore component Nup153, which is involved in mRNA export. The SUN1-NXF1 association is at least partly regulated by a protein kinase C (PKC) which phosphorylates serine 113 (S113) in the N-terminal domain leading to reduced interaction. The phosphorylation appears to be important for the SUN1 function in nuclear mRNA export since GFP-SUN1 carrying a S113A mutation was less efficient in restoring mRNA export after SUN1 knockdown as compared to the wild type protein. By contrast, GFP-SUN1-S113D resembling the phosphorylated state allowed very efficient export of poly(A)+RNA. Furthermore, probing a possible role of the LINC complex component Nesprin-2 in this process we observed impaired mRNA export in Nesprin-2 knockdown cells. This effect might be independent of SUN1 as expression of a GFP tagged SUN-domain deficient SUN1, which no longer can interact with Nesprin-2, did not affect mRNA export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gernot Glöckner
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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20
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Stumpf M, Müller R, Gaßen B, Wehrstedt R, Fey P, Karow MA, Eichinger L, Glöckner G, Noegel AA. A tripeptidyl peptidase 1 is a binding partner of the Golgi pH regulator (GPHR) in Dictyostelium. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10:897-907. [PMID: 28546289 PMCID: PMC5536908 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) have been associated with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), a neurodegenerative disorder. TPP1 is a lysosomal serine protease, which removes tripeptides from the N-terminus of proteins and is composed of an N-terminal prodomain and a catalytic domain. It is conserved in mammals, amphibians, fish and the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. D. discoideum harbors at least six genes encoding TPP1, tpp1A to tpp1F. We identified TPP1F as binding partner of Dictyostelium GPHR (Golgi pH regulator), which is an evolutionarily highly conserved intracellular transmembrane protein. A region encompassing the DUF3735 (GPHR_N) domain of GPHR was responsible for the interaction. In TPP1F, the binding site is located in the prodomain of the protein. The tpp1F gene is transcribed throughout development and translated into a polypeptide of ∼65 kDa. TPP1 activity was demonstrated for TPP1F-GFP immunoprecipitated from D. discoideum cells. Its activity could be inhibited by addition of the recombinant DUF3735 domain of GPHR. Knockout tpp1F mutants did not display any particular phenotype, and TPP1 activity was not abrogated, presumably because tpp1B compensates as it has the highest expression level of all the TPP1 genes during growth. The GPHR interaction was not restricted to TPP1F but occurred also with TPP1B. As previous reports show that the majority of the TPP1 mutations in NCL resulted in reduction or loss of enzyme activity, we suggest that Dicyostelium could be used as a model system in which to test new reagents that could affect the activity of the protein and ameliorate the disease. Summary: Interaction of Dictyostelium tripeptidyl peptidase 1 with GPHR could be relevant for studies of the human enzyme, which is associated with a neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stumpf
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Berthold Gaßen
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Regina Wehrstedt
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Petra Fey
- Dicty Base, Northwestern University, Biomedical Informatics Center and Center for Genetic Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Malte A Karow
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Gernot Glöckner
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, Köln 50931, Germany
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21
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Meßling S, Matthias J, Xiong Q, Fischer S, Eichinger L. The two Dictyostelium discoideum autophagy 8 proteins have distinct autophagic functions. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:312-324. [PMID: 28413119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation pathway which is crucial for various cellular processes. The autophagic process is subdivided in the initiation, autophagosome maturation and lysosomal degradation phases and involves more than forty core and accessory autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. Autophagy 8 (ATG8, in mammals LC3) is a well-established marker of autophagy and is linked to the autophagic membrane from initiation until fusion with the lysosome. We generated single and double knock-out mutants of the two Dictyostelium paralogues, ATG8a and ATG8b, as well as strains that expressed RFP-ATG8a and/or GFP-ATG8b, RFP-ATG8b, RFP-GFP-ATG8a or RFP-GFP-ATG8b in different knock-out mutants. The ATG8b¯ mutant displayed only subtle phenotypic changes in comparison to AX2 wild-type cells. In contrast, deletion of ATG8a resulted in a complex phenotype with delayed development, reduced growth, phagocytosis and cell viability, an increase in ubiquitinylated proteins and a concomitant decrease in proteasomal activity. The phenotype of the ATG8a¯/b¯ strain was, except for cell viability, in all aforementioned aspects more severe, showing that both proteins function in parallel during most analysed cellular processes. Immunofluorescence analysis of knock-out strains expressing either RFP-GFP-ATG8a or RFP-GFP-ATG8b suggests a crucial function for ATG8b in autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Quantitative analysis of strains expressing RFP-ATG8a, RFP-ATG8b, or RFP-ATG8a and GFP-ATG8b revealed that ATG8b generally localised to small and large vesicles, whereas ATG8a preferentially co-localised with ATG8b on large vesicles, indicating that ATG8b associated with nascent autophagosomes before ATG8a, which is supported by previous results (Matthias et al., 2016). Deconvoluted confocal fluorescence images showed that ATG8b localised around ATG8a and was presumably mainly present on the outer membrane of the autophagosome while ATG8a appears to be mainly associated with the inner membrane. In summary, our data show that ATG8a and ATG8b have distinct functions and are involved in canonical as well as non-canonical autophagy. The data further suggest that ATG8b predominantly acts as adapter for the autophagy machinery at the outer and ATG8a as cargo receptor at the inner membrane of the autophagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Meßling
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Matthias
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Qiuhong Xiong
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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22
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Sukumaran SK, Stumpf M, Salamon S, Ahmad I, Bhattacharya K, Fischer S, Müller R, Altmüller J, Budde B, Thiele H, Tariq M, Malik NA, Nürnberg P, Baig SM, Hussain MS, Noegel AA. CDK5RAP2 interaction with components of the Hippo signaling pathway may play a role in primary microcephaly. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 292:365-383. [PMID: 28004182 PMCID: PMC5357305 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is characterized by a substantial reduction in brain size but with normal architecture. It is often linked to mutations in genes coding for centrosomal proteins; however, their role in brain size regulation is not completely understood. By combining homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in an MCPH family from Pakistan, we identified a novel mutation (XM_011518861.1; c.4114C > T) in CDK5RAP2, the gene associated with primary microcephaly-3 (MCPH3), leading to a premature stop codon (p.Arg1372*). CDK5RAP2 is a component of the pericentriolar material important for the microtubule-organizing function of the centrosome. Patient-derived primary fibroblasts had strongly decreased CDK5RAP2 amounts, showed centrosomal and nuclear abnormalities and exhibited changes in cell size and migration. We further identified an interaction of CDK5RAP2 with the Hippo pathway components MST1 kinase and the transcriptional regulator TAZ. This finding potentially provides a mechanism through which the Hippo pathway with its roles in the regulation of centrosome number is linked to the centrosome. In the patient fibroblasts, we observed higher levels of TAZ and YAP. However, common target genes of the Hippo pathway were downregulated as compared to the control with the exception of BIRC5 (Survivin), which was significantly upregulated. We propose that the centrosomal deficiencies and the altered cellular properties in the patient fibroblasts can also result from the observed changes in the Hippo pathway components which could thus be relevant for MCPH and play a role in brain size regulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil K Sukumaran
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Sarah Salamon
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurchi Bhattacharya
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.
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23
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Burgute BD, Peche VS, Müller R, Matthias J, Gaßen B, Eichinger L, Glöckner G, Noegel AA. The C-Terminal SynMuv/DdDUF926 Domain Regulates the Function of the N-Terminal Domain of DdNKAP. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168617. [PMID: 27997579 PMCID: PMC5173251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NKAP (NF-κB activating protein) is a highly conserved SR (serine/arginine-rich) protein involved in transcriptional control and splicing in mammals. We identified DdNKAP, the Dictyostelium discoideum ortholog of mammalian NKAP, as interacting partner of the nuclear envelope protein SUN-1. DdNKAP harbors a number of basic RDR/RDRS repeats in its N-terminal domain and the SynMuv/DUF926 domain at its C-terminus. We describe a novel and direct interaction between DdNKAP and Prp19 (Pre mRNA processing factor 19) which might be relevant for the observed DdNKAP ubiquitination. Genome wide analysis using cross-linking immunoprecipitation-high-throughput sequencing (CLIP-seq) revealed DdNKAP association with intergenic regions, exons, introns and non-coding RNAs. Ectopic expression of DdNKAP and its domains affects several developmental aspects like stream formation, aggregation, and chemotaxis. We conclude that DdNKAP is a multifunctional protein, which might influence Dictyostelium development through its interaction with RNA and RNA binding proteins. Mutants overexpressing full length DdNKAP and the N-terminal domain alone (DdN-NKAP) showed opposite phenotypes in development and opposite expression profiles of several genes and rRNAs. The observed interaction between DdN-NKAP and the DdDUF926 domain indicates that the DdDUF926 domain acts as negative regulator of the N-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashri D. Burgute
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vivek S. Peche
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Matthias
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Berthold Gaßen
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gernot Glöckner
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika A. Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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24
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Fan YC, Cui CC, Zhu YS, Zhang L, Shi M, Yu JS, Bai J, Zheng JN. Overexpression of CAP1 and its significance in tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion in glioma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1619-25. [PMID: 27432289 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), a protein related to the regulation of actin filaments and the Ras/cAMP pathway, is associated with tumor progression. Nevertheless, the expression level and effects of CAP1 in regards to glioma have not been reported. In the present study, we examined the expression of CAP1 in glioma and tumor adjacent normal brain tissues by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that CAP1 was overexpressed in glioma tissues in comparison with that noted in the tumor adjacent normal brain tissues and increased staining of CAP1 was found to be correlated with WHO stage. In addition, we discovered that knockdown of CAP1 by specific RNA interference markedly inhibited cell growth and caused downregulation of the proliferation markers, PCNA and cyclin A. We further demonstrated that knockdown of CAP1 inhibited cell metastatic abilities by downregulating N-cadherin and vimentin and upregulating E-cadherin. These findings revealed that CAP1 expression is markedly increased in human glioma and that downregulation of CAP1 in tumors may serve as a treatment for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Chao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Shuo Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Meng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Song Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jin Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Nian Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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25
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Behrens J, Solga R, Ziemann A, Rastetter RH, Berwanger C, Herrmann H, Noegel AA, Clemen CS. Coronin 1C-free primary mouse fibroblasts exhibit robust rearrangements in the orientation of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:239-51. [PMID: 27178841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronin 1C is an established modulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. It has been shown to be involved in protrusion formation, cell migration and invasion. Here, we report the generation of primary fibroblasts from coronin 1C knock-out mice in order to investigate the impact of the loss of coronin 1C on cellular structural organisation. We demonstrate that the lack of coronin 1C not only affects the actin system, but also the microtubule and the vimentin intermediate filament networks. In particular, we show that the knock-out cells exhibit a reduced proliferation rate, impaired cell migration and protrusion formation as well as an aberrant subcellular localisation and function of mitochondria. Moreover, we demonstrate that coronin 1C specifically interacts with the non-α-helical amino-terminal domain ("head") of vimentin. Our data suggest that coronin 1C acts as a cytoskeletal integrator of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Behrens
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roxana Solga
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Ziemann
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Raphael H Rastetter
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolin Berwanger
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Rijal R, Arhzaouy K, Strucksberg KH, Cross M, Hofmann A, Schröder R, Clemen CS, Eichinger L. Mutant p97 exhibits species-specific changes of its ATPase activity and compromises the UBXD9-mediated monomerisation of p97 hexamers. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:195-207. [PMID: 27132113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p97 (VCP) is a homo-hexameric triple-A ATPase that exerts a plethora of cellular processes. Heterozygous missense mutations of p97 cause at least five human neurodegenerative disorders. However, the specific molecular consequences of p97 mutations are hitherto widely unknown. Our in silico structural models of human and Dictyostelium p97 showed that the disease-causing human R93C, R155H, and R155C as well as Dictyostelium R154C, E219K, R154C/E219K p97 mutations constitute variations in surface-exposed locations. In-gel ATPase activity measurements of p97 monomers and hexamers revealed significant mutation- and species-specific differences. While all human p97 mutations led to an increase in ATPase activity, no changes could be detected for the Dictyostelium R154C mutant, which is orthologous to human R155C. The E219K mutation led to an almost complete loss of activity, which was partially recuperated in the R154C/E219K double-mutant indicating p97 inter-domain communication. By means of co-immunoprecipitation experiments we identified an UBX-domain containing Dictyostelium protein as a novel p97 interaction partner. We categorized all UBX-domain containing Dictyostelium proteins and named the interaction partner UBXD9. Pull-down assays and surface plasmon resonance analyses of Dictyostelium UBXD9 or the human orthologue TUG/ASPL/UBXD9 demonstrated direct interactions with p97 as well as species-, mutation- and ATP-dependent differences in the binding affinities. Sucrose density gradient assays revealed that both human and Dictyostelium UBXD9 proteins very efficiently disassembled wild-type, but to a lesser extent mutant p97 hexamers into monomers. Our results are consistent with a scenario in which p97 point mutations lead to differences in enzymatic activities and molecular interactions, which in the long-term result in a late-onset and progressive multisystem disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Rijal
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Khalid Arhzaouy
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Strucksberg
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Megan Cross
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3030, Australia
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Centre for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Xiong Q, Ünal C, Matthias J, Steinert M, Eichinger L. The phenotypes of ATG9, ATG16 and ATG9/16 knock-out mutants imply autophagy-dependent and -independent functions. Open Biol 2016; 5:150008. [PMID: 25878144 PMCID: PMC4422124 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a highly conserved intracellular bulk degradation system of all eukaryotic cells. It is governed by a large number of autophagy proteins (ATGs) and is crucial for many cellular processes. Here, we describe the phenotypes of Dictyostelium discoideum ATG16(-) and ATG9(-)/16(-) cells and compare them to the previously reported ATG9(-) mutant. ATG16 deficiency caused an increase in the expression of several core autophagy genes, among them atg9 and the two atg8 paralogues. The single and double ATG9 and ATG16 knock-out mutants had complex phenotypes and displayed severe and comparable defects in pinocytosis and phagocytosis. Uptake of Legionella pneumophila was reduced. In addition, ATG9(-) and ATG16(-) cells had dramatic defects in autophagy, development and proteasomal activity which were much more severe in the ATG9(-)/16(-) double mutant. Mutant cells showed an increase in poly-ubiquitinated proteins and contained large ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates which partially co-localized with ATG16-GFP in ATG9(-)/16(-) cells. The more severe autophagic, developmental and proteasomal phenotypes of ATG9(-)/16(-) cells imply that ATG9 and ATG16 probably function in parallel in autophagy and have in addition autophagy-independent functions in further cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Xiong
- Zentrum für Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Can Ünal
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany Fen Fakültesi, Türk-Alman-Üniversitesi, Istanbul 34820, Turkey
| | - Jan Matthias
- Zentrum für Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, Köln 50931, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig 38124, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Zentrum für Biochemie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, Köln 50931, Germany
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The two Dictyostelium autophagy eight proteins, ATG8a and ATG8b, associate with the autophagosome in succession. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Sukumaran SK, Blau-Wasser R, Rohlfs M, Gallinger C, Schleicher M, Noegel AA. The centrosomal component CEP161 of Dictyostelium discoideum interacts with the Hippo signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:1024-35. [PMID: 25607232 PMCID: PMC4614953 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1007015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CEP161 is a novel component of the Dictyostelium discoideum centrosome which was identified as binding partner of the pericentriolar component CP250. Here we show that the amino acids 1-763 of the 1381 amino acids CEP161 are sufficient for CP250 binding, centrosomal targeting and centrosome association. Analysis of AX2 cells over-expressing truncated and full length CEP161 proteins revealed defects in growth and development. By immunoprecipitation experiments we identified the Hippo related kinase SvkA (Hrk-svk) as binding partner for CEP161. Both proteins colocalize at the centrosome. In in vitro kinase assays the N-terminal domain of CEP161 (residues 1-763) inhibited the kinase activity of Hrk-svk. A comparison of D. discoideum Hippo kinase mutants with mutants overexpressing CEP161 polypeptides revealed similar defects. We propose that the centrosomal component CEP161 is a novel player in the Hippo signaling pathway and affects various cellular properties through this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil K Sukumaran
- a Institute of Biochemistry I; Medical Faculty University of Cologne ; Köln , Germany
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Swaminathan K, Stumpf M, Müller R, Horn AC, Schmidbauer J, Eichinger L, Müller-Taubenberger A, Faix J, Noegel AA. Coronin7 regulates WASP and SCAR through CRIB mediated interaction with Rac proteins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14437. [PMID: 26411260 PMCID: PMC4585930 DOI: 10.1038/srep14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronin7 (CRN7) stabilizes F-actin and is a regulator of processes associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Its loss leads to defects in phagocytosis, motility and development. It harbors a CRIB (Cdc42- and Rac-interactive binding) domain in each of its WD repeat domains which bind to Rac GTPases preferably in their GDP-loaded forms. Expression of wild type CRN7 in CRN7 deficient cells rescued these defects, whereas proteins with mutations in the CRIB motifs which were associated with altered Rac binding were effective to varying degrees. The presence of one functional CRIB was sufficient to reestablish phagocytosis, cell motility and development. Furthermore, by molecular modeling and mutational analysis we identified the contact regions between CRN7 and the GTPases. We also identified WASP, SCAR and PAKa as downstream effectors in phagocytosis, development and cell surface adhesion, respectively, since ectopic expression rescued these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthic Swaminathan
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Anna-Carolin Horn
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Julia Schmidbauer
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | | | - Jan Faix
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
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Rastetter RH, Blömacher M, Drebber U, Marko M, Behrens J, Solga R, Hojeili S, Bhattacharya K, Wunderlich CM, Wunderlich FT, Odenthal M, Ziemann A, Eichinger L, Clemen CS. Coronin 2A (CRN5) expression is associated with colorectal adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence and oncogenic signalling. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:638. [PMID: 26373535 PMCID: PMC4612562 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronin proteins are known as regulators of actin-based cellular processes, and some of them are associated with the malignant progression of human cancer. Here, we show that expression of coronin 2A is up-regulated in human colon carcinoma. METHODS This study included 26 human colon tumour specimens and 9 normal controls. Expression and localisation of coronin 2A was studied by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence imaging, cell fractionation, and immunoblotting. Functional roles of coronin 2A were analysed by over-expression and knock-down of the protein. Protein interactions were studied by co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments, mass spectrometry analyses, and in vitro kinase and methylation assays. RESULTS Histopathological investigation revealed that the expression of coronin 2A in colon tumour cells is up-regulated during the adenoma-adenocarcinoma progression. At the subcellular level, coronin 2A localised to multiple compartments, i.e. F-actin stress fibres, the front of lamellipodia, focal adhesions, and the nuclei. Over-expression of coronin 2A led to a reduction of F-actin stress fibres and elevated cell migration velocity. We identified two novel direct coronin 2A interaction partners. The interaction of coronin 2A with MAPK14 (mitogen activated protein kinase 14 or MAP kinase p38α) led to phosphorylation of coronin 2A and also to activation of the MAPK14 pathway. Moreover, coronin 2A interacted with PRMT5 (protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5), which modulates the sensitivity of tumour cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS We show that increased expression of coronin 2A is associated with the malignant phenotype of human colon carcinoma. Moreover, we linked coronin 2A to MAPK14 and PRMT5 signalling pathways involved in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael H Rastetter
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Present address: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Margit Blömacher
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marija Marko
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Behrens
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roxana Solga
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Hojeili
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurchi Bhattacharya
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Ziemann
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Hua M, Yan S, Deng Y, Xi Q, Liu R, Yang S, Liu J, Tang C, Wang Y, Zhong J. CAP1 is overexpressed in human epithelial ovarian cancer and promotes cell proliferation. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:941-9. [PMID: 25652936 PMCID: PMC4356442 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) regulates both actin filaments and the Ras/cAMP pathway in yeast, and has been found play a role in cell motility and in the development of certain types of cancer. In the present study, we investigated CAP1 gene expression in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed using EOC tissue samples and the results revealed that CAP1 expression increased with the increasing grade of EOC. In the normal ovarian tissue samples however, CAP1 expression was barely detected. Using Pearson’s χ2 test, it was demonstrated that CAP1 expression was associated with the histological grade and Ki-67 expression. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that a higher CAP1 expression in patients with EOC was associated with a poorer prognosis. In in vitro experiments using HO-8910 EOC cells, the expression of CAP1 was knocked down using siRNA. The proliferation of the HO-8910 cells was then determined by cell cycle analysis and cell proliferation assay using the cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry. The results revealed that the loss of CAP1 expression inhibited cell cycle progression. These findings suggest that a high expression of CAP1 is involved in the pathogenesis of EOC, and that the downregulation of CAP1 in tumor cells may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Sujuan Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shuyun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Kosmas K, Eskandarnaz A, Khorsandi AB, Kumar A, Ranjan R, Eming SA, Noegel AA, Peche VS. CAP2 is a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton and its absence changes infiltration of inflammatory cells and contraction of wounds. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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The Dictyostelium discoideum GPHR ortholog is an endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi protein with roles during development. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2014; 14:41-54. [PMID: 25380752 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00208-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dictyostelium discoideum GPHR (Golgi pH regulator)/Gpr89 is a developmentally regulated transmembrane protein present on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. Transcript levels are low during growth and vary during development, reaching high levels during the aggregation and late developmental stages. The Arabidopsis ortholog was described as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for abscisic acid present at the plasma membrane, whereas the mammalian ortholog is a Golgi apparatus-associated anion channel functioning as a Golgi apparatus pH regulator. To probe its role in D. discoideum, we generated a strain lacking GPHR. The mutant had different growth characteristics than the AX2 parent strain, exhibited changes during late development, and formed abnormally shaped small slugs and fruiting bodies. An analysis of development-specific markers revealed that their expression was disturbed. The distributions of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus were unaltered at the immunofluorescence level. Likewise, their functions did not appear to be impaired, since membrane proteins were properly processed and glycosylated. Also, changes in the external pH were sensed by the ER, as indicated by a pH-sensitive ER probe, as in the wild type.
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Omosigho NN, Swaminathan K, Plomann M, Müller-Taubenberger A, Noegel AA, Riyahi TY. The Dictyostelium discoideum RACK1 orthologue has roles in growth and development. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:37. [PMID: 24930026 PMCID: PMC4094278 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The receptor for activated C-kinase 1 (RACK1) is a conserved protein belonging to the WD40 repeat family of proteins. It folds into a beta propeller with seven blades which allow interactions with many proteins. Thus it can serve as a scaffolding protein and have roles in several cellular processes. Results We identified the product of the Dictyostelium discoideum gpbB gene as the Dictyostelium RACK1 homolog. The protein is mainly cytosolic but can also associate with cellular membranes. DdRACK1 binds to phosphoinositides (PIPs) in protein-lipid overlay and liposome-binding assays. The basis of this activity resides in a basic region located in the extended loop between blades 6 and 7 as revealed by mutational analysis. Similar to RACK1 proteins from other organisms DdRACK1 interacts with G protein subunits alpha, beta and gamma as shown by yeast two-hybrid, pulldown, and immunoprecipitation assays. Unlike the Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Cryptococcus neoformans RACK1 proteins it does not appear to take over Gβ function in D. discoideum as developmental and other defects were not rescued in Gβ null mutants overexpressing GFP-DdRACK1. Overexpression of GFP-tagged DdRACK1 and a mutant version (DdRACK1mut) which carried a charge-reversal mutation in the basic region in wild type cells led to changes during growth and development. Conclusion DdRACK1 interacts with heterotrimeric G proteins and can through these interactions impact on processes specifically regulated by these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany.
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Ono S. The role of cyclase-associated protein in regulating actin filament dynamics - more than a monomer-sequestration factor. J Cell Sci 2014; 126:3249-58. [PMID: 23908377 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.128231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is fundamental to a number of cell biological events. A variety of actin-regulatory proteins modulate polymerization and depolymerization of actin and contribute to actin cytoskeletal reorganization. Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) is a conserved actin-monomer-binding protein that has been studied for over 20 years. Early studies have shown that CAP sequesters actin monomers; recent studies, however, have revealed more active roles of CAP in actin filament dynamics. CAP enhances the recharging of actin monomers with ATP antagonistically to ADF/cofilin, and also promotes the severing of actin filaments in cooperation with ADF/cofilin. Self-oligomerization and binding to other proteins regulate activities and localization of CAP. CAP has crucial roles in cell signaling, development, vesicle trafficking, cell migration and muscle sarcomere assembly. This Commentary discusses the recent advances in our understanding of the functions of CAP and its implications as an important regulator of actin cytoskeletal dynamics, which are involved in various cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Ono
- Department of Pathology and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Identification of the protein kinases Pyk3 and Phg2 as regulators of the STATc-mediated response to hyperosmolarity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90025. [PMID: 24587195 PMCID: PMC3934975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to changes in environmental osmolarity is crucial for cell survival. In Dictyostelium, STATc is a key regulator of the transcriptional response to hyperosmotic stress. Its phosphorylation and consequent activation is controlled by two signaling branches, one cGMP- and the other Ca(2+)-dependent, of which many signaling components have yet to be identified. The STATc stress signalling pathway feeds back on itself by upregulating the expression of STATc and STATc-regulated genes. Based on microarray studies we chose two tyrosine-kinase like proteins, Pyk3 and Phg2, as possible modulators of STATc phosphorylation and generated single and double knock-out mutants to them. Transcriptional regulation of STATc and STATc dependent genes was disturbed in pyk3(-), phg2(-), and pyk3(-)/phg2(-) cells. The absence of Pyk3 and/or Phg2 resulted in diminished or completely abolished increased transcription of STATc dependent genes in response to sorbitol, 8-Br-cGMP and the Ca(2+) liberator BHQ. Also, phospho-STATc levels were significantly reduced in pyk3(-) and phg2(-) cells and even further decreased in pyk3(-)/phg2(-) cells. The reduced phosphorylation was mirrored by a significant delay in nuclear translocation of GFP-STATc. The protein tyrosine phosphatase 3 (PTP3), which dephosphorylates and inhibits STATc, is inhibited by stress-induced phosphorylation on S448 and S747. Use of phosphoserine specific antibodies showed that Phg2 but not Pyk3 is involved in the phosphorylation of PTP3 on S747. In pull-down assays Phg2 and PTP3 interact directly, suggesting that Phg2 phosphorylates PTP3 on S747 in vivo. Phosphorylation of S448 was unchanged in phg2(-) cells. We show that Phg2 and an, as yet unknown, S448 protein kinase are responsible for PTP3 phosphorylation and hence its inhibition, and that Pyk3 is involved in the regulation of STATc by either directly or indirectly activating it. Our results add further complexities to the regulation of STATc, which presumably ensure its optimal activation in response to different environmental cues.
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Liu Y, Cui X, Hu B, Lu C, Huang X, Cai J, He S, Lv L, Cong X, Liu G, Zhang Y, Ni R. Upregulated expression of CAP1 is associated with tumor migration and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2013; 210:169-75. [PMID: 24359721 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers that exhibits high incidences of intrahepatic metastasis and tumor recurrence. Adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1), a protein involved in the regulation of actin filaments, was recently reported to play a role in cell motility and the pathology of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we examined a potential role of CAP1 in HCC progression, and found that CAP1 was overexpressed in HCC specimens compared with adjacent noncancerous liver tissues by Western blot analysis and real-time PCR assay. Further, immunohistochemical analysis in 107 HCC specimens revealed that overexpression of CAP1 was closely correlated only with tumor metastasis, but not with other clinicopathologic parameters. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that CAP1 could be an independent prognostic factor for patients' survival. In addition, immunofluorescent assay demonstrated that CAP1 was colocalized with actin in the leading edge of lamellipodium in HCC cells. Importantly, knocking-down the expression of CAP1 using small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting CAP1 led to impaired migration of HCC cells. Collectively, our results indicated that upregulated expression of CAP1 might contribute heavily to the metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic China.
| | - Xiaopeng Cui
- Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic China
| | - Baoying Hu
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihua Lu
- Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Lv
- Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic China
| | - Xia Cong
- Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Cancer Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic China.
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Expression of recombinant streptokinase from streptococcus pyogenes and its reaction with infected human and murine sera. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 16:985-9. [PMID: 24171077 PMCID: PMC3804847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Streptokinase (SKa) is an antigenic protein which is secreted by Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptokinase induces inflammation by complement activation, which may play a role in post infectious diseases. In the present study, recombinant streptokinase from S. pyogenes was produced and showed that recombinant SKa protein was recognized by infected human sera using Western blot analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the ska gene from S. pyogenes was amplified and cloned into pET32a which is a prokaryotic expression vector. pET32a-ska was transformed to Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS and gene expression was induced by IPTG. Protein production was improved by modification of composition of the bacterial culture media and altering the induction time by IPTG. The expressed protein was purified by affinity chromatography using the Ni-NTA resin. The integrity of the product was confirmed by Westernblot analysis using infected mice. Serum reactivity of five infected individuals was further analyzed against the recombinant SKa protein. RESULTS Data indicated that recombinant SKa protein from S. pyogenes can be recognized by patient and mice sera. The concentration of the purified recombinant protein was 3.2 mg/L of initial culture. The highest amount of the expressed protein after addition of IPTG was obtained in a bacterial culture without glucose with the culture optical density of 0.8 (OD600 = 0.8). Conclusion : Present data shows, recombinant SKa protein has same epitopes with natural form of this antigen. Recombinant SKa also seemed to be a promising antigen for the serologic diagnosis of S. pyogenes infections.
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Müller R, Herr C, Sukumaran SK, Omosigho NN, Plomann M, Riyahi TY, Stumpf M, Swaminathan K, Tsangarides M, Yiannakou K, Blau-Wasser R, Gallinger C, Schleicher M, Kolanus W, Noegel AA. The cytohesin paralog Sec7 of Dictyostelium discoideum is required for phagocytosis and cell motility. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:54. [PMID: 23915312 PMCID: PMC3737031 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dictyostelium harbors several paralogous Sec7 genes that encode members of three subfamilies of the Sec7 superfamily of guanine nucleotide exchange factors. One of them is the cytohesin family represented by three members in D. discoideum, SecG, Sec7 and a further protein distinguished by several transmembrane domains. Cytohesins are characterized by a Sec7-PH tandem domain and have roles in cell adhesion and migration. Results We study here Sec7. In vitro its PH domain bound preferentially to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3). When following the distribution of GFP-Sec7 in vivo we observed the protein in the cytosol and at the plasma membrane. Strikingly, when cells formed pseudopods, macropinosomes or phagosomes, GFP-Sec7 was conspicuously absent from areas of the plasma membrane which were involved in these processes. Mutant cells lacking Sec7 exhibited an impaired phagocytosis and showed significantly reduced speed and less persistence during migration. Cellular properties associated with mammalian cytohesins like cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion were not altered. Proteins with roles in membrane trafficking and signal transduction have been identified as putative interaction partners consistent with the data obtained from mutant analysis. Conclusions Sec7 is a cytosolic component and is associated with the plasma membrane in a pattern distinctly different from the accumulation of PI(3,4,5)P3. Mutant analysis reveals that loss of the protein affects cellular processes that involve membrane flow and the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Köln, Germany
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Li M, Yang X, Shi H, Ren H, Chen X, Zhang S, Zhu J, Zhang J. Downregulated expression of the cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) reduces migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:856-64. [PMID: 23904342 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Overexpression of cyclase-associated proteins has been associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. Cyclase-associated protein 1 is a member of the cyclase-associated proteins which contributes to tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of cyclase-associated protein 1 and to elucidate its clinicopathologic significance in a larger series of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses were performed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Survival analyses were performed by using the Kaplan-Meier method. The role of cyclase-associated protein 1 in migration was studied in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of TE1 through knocking down cyclase-associated protein 1 with siRNA and overexpression of cyclase-associated protein 1. The regulation of cyclase-associated protein 1 on migration was determined by transwell and wound-healing assays. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that cyclase-associated protein 1 expression was negatively associated with E-cadherin and significantly associated with lymph node metastases. Survival analysis revealed that cyclase-associated protein 1 overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.011). Knock down of cyclase-associated protein 1 in TE1 cells resulted in decreased vimentin and F-actin levels and the capability for migration. In addition, overexpression of cyclase-associated protein 1 promoted the migration of TE1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cyclase-associated protein 1 is involved in the metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and that elevated levels of cyclase-associated protein 1 expression may indicate a poor prognosis for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, PR China
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Ziemann A, Hess S, Bhuwania R, Linder S, Kloppenburg P, Noegel AA, Clemen CS. CRN2 enhances the invasiveness of glioblastoma cells. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:548-61. [PMID: 23410663 PMCID: PMC3635520 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement of tumor cells involves dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, which is regulated by actin binding proteins, such as CRN2 (synonyms: coronin 1C, coronin 3). In vitro, CRN2 participates in secretion, matrix degradation, protrusion formation, and cell migration. Furthermore, expression of CRN2 correlates with the malignant phenotype of human diffuse gliomas. CRN2's effects on actin polymerization and F-actin bundling are abolished by protein kinase 2 (CK2) dependent phosphorylation at serine 463. METHODS We generated human U373 glioblastoma cell lines with knock-down of CRN2 or over-expression of CRN2 variants and studied their behavior in vitro and ex vivo in organotypic brain slice cultures. RESULTS CRN2 over-expression and expression of the S463A phospho-resistant CRN2 variant increase proliferation, matrix degradation, and invasion but decrease adhesion and formation of invadopodia-like extensions in vitro. Knock-down of CRN2 and expression of S463D phospho-mimetic CRN2 generally have opposite effects. Analysis of invadopodia-like cell extensions shows a diffuse relocalization of F-actin in CRN2 knockdown cells, whereas expression of S463A and S463D mutant CRN2 causes enrichments of F-actin structures at the center and rime zone, respectively. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies of CRN2 and F-actin in lamellipodia show that both CRN2 variants decrease the turnover of actin filaments. Glioblastoma cells over-expressing wild-type or S463A CRN2, which were transplanted onto brain slices, characteristically developed into tumors with an invasive phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data indicate that CRN2 participates in cancer progression via modulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ziemann
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (A.Z., A.A.N., C.S.C.), Institute of Zoology (S.H., P.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.); and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.B., S.L.)
| | - Simon Hess
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (A.Z., A.A.N., C.S.C.), Institute of Zoology (S.H., P.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.); and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.B., S.L.)
| | - Ridhirama Bhuwania
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (A.Z., A.A.N., C.S.C.), Institute of Zoology (S.H., P.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.); and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.B., S.L.)
| | - Stefan Linder
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (A.Z., A.A.N., C.S.C.), Institute of Zoology (S.H., P.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.); and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.B., S.L.)
| | - Peter Kloppenburg
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (A.Z., A.A.N., C.S.C.), Institute of Zoology (S.H., P.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.); and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.B., S.L.)
| | - Angelika A. Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (A.Z., A.A.N., C.S.C.), Institute of Zoology (S.H., P.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.); and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.B., S.L.)
| | - Christoph S. Clemen
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty (A.Z., A.A.N., C.S.C.), Institute of Zoology (S.H., P.K.), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne (S.H., P.K., A.A.N.); and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (R.B., S.L.)
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Peche VS, Holak TA, Burgute BD, Kosmas K, Kale SP, Wunderlich FT, Elhamine F, Stehle R, Pfitzer G, Nohroudi K, Addicks K, Stöckigt F, Schrickel JW, Gallinger J, Schleicher M, Noegel AA. Ablation of cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2) leads to cardiomyopathy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:527-43. [PMID: 22945801 PMCID: PMC11113306 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclase-associated proteins are highly conserved proteins that have a role in the regulation of actin dynamics. Higher eukaryotes have two isoforms, CAP1 and CAP2. To study the in vivo function of CAP2, we generated mice in which the CAP2 gene was inactivated by a gene-trap approach. Mutant mice showed a decrease in body weight and had a decreased survival rate. Further, they developed a severe cardiac defect marked by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) associated with drastic reduction in basal heart rate and prolongations in atrial and ventricular conduction times. Moreover, CAP2-deficient myofibrils exhibited reduced cooperativity of calcium-regulated force development. At the microscopic level, we observed disarrayed sarcomeres with development of fibrosis. We analyzed CAP2's role in actin assembly and found that it sequesters G-actin and efficiently fragments filaments. This activity resides completely in its WASP homology domain. Thus CAP2 is an essential component of the myocardial sarcomere and is essential for physiological functioning of the cardiac system, and a deficiency leads to DCM and various cardiac defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek S. Peche
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tad A. Holak
- Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bhagyashri D. Burgute
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kosmas Kosmas
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sushant P. Kale
- Department of Neurology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL USA
| | - F. Thomas Wunderlich
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute of Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fatiha Elhamine
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Stehle
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Nohroudi
- Institute of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Addicks
- Institute of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Stöckigt
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan W. Schrickel
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Gallinger
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schleicher
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika A. Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Effendi K, Yamazaki K, Mori T, Masugi Y, Makino S, Sakamoto M. Involvement of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarker, cyclase-associated protein 2 in zebrafish body development and cancer progression. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhou GL, Zhang H, Field J. Mammalian CAP (Cyclase-associated protein) in the world of cell migration: Roles in actin filament dynamics and beyond. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 8:55-9. [PMID: 24429384 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for a variety of fundamental biological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, and immune response. Aberrant cell migration also underlies pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis, in which morphological transformation promotes spreading of cancer to new sites. Cell migration is driven by actin dynamics, which is the repeated cycling of monomeric actin (G-actin) into and out of filamentous actin (F-actin). CAP (Cyclase-associated protein, also called Srv2) is a conserved actin-regulatory protein, which is implicated in cell motility and the invasiveness of human cancers. It cooperates with another actin regulatory protein, cofilin, to accelerate actin dynamics. Hence, knockdown of CAP1 slows down actin filament turnover, which in most cells leads to reduced cell motility. However, depletion of CAP1 in HeLa cells, while causing reduction in dynamics, actually led to increased cell motility. The increases in motility are likely through activation of cell adhesion signals through an inside-out signaling. The potential to activate adhesion signaling competes with the negative effect of CAP1 depletion on actin dynamics, which would reduce cell migration. In this commentary, we provide a brief overview of the roles of mammalian CAP1 in cell migration, and highlight a likely mechanism underlying the activation of cell adhesion signaling and elevated motility caused by depletion of CAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Lei Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences; Arkansas State University; State University, AR USA; Molecular Biosciences Program; Arkansas State University; State University, AR USA
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences; Arkansas State University; State University, AR USA; Molecular Biosciences Program; Arkansas State University; State University, AR USA
| | - Jeffrey Field
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; Philadelphia, PA USA
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Makkonen M, Bertling E, Chebotareva NA, Baum J, Lappalainen P. Mammalian and malaria parasite cyclase-associated proteins catalyze nucleotide exchange on G-actin through a conserved mechanism. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23184938 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.435719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated proteins (CAPs) are among the most highly conserved regulators of actin dynamics, being present in organisms from mammals to apicomplexan parasites. Yeast, plant, and mammalian CAPs are large multidomain proteins, which catalyze nucleotide exchange on actin monomers from ADP to ATP and recycle actin monomers from actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin for new rounds of filament assembly. However, the mechanism by which CAPs promote nucleotide exchange is not known. Furthermore, how apicomplexan CAPs, which lack many domains present in yeast and mammalian CAPs, contribute to actin dynamics is not understood. We show that, like yeast Srv2/CAP, mouse CAP1 interacts with ADF/cofilin and ADP-G-actin through its N-terminal α-helical and C-terminal β-strand domains, respectively. However, in the variation to yeast Srv2/CAP, mouse CAP1 has two adjacent profilin-binding sites, and it interacts with ATP-actin monomers with high affinity through its WH2 domain. Importantly, we revealed that the C-terminal β-sheet domain of mouse CAP1 is essential and sufficient for catalyzing nucleotide exchange on actin monomers, although the adjacent WH2 domain is not required for this function. Supporting these data, we show that the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum CAP, which is entirely composed of the β-sheet domain, efficiently promotes nucleotide exchange on actin monomers. Collectively, this study provides evidence that catalyzing nucleotide exchange on actin monomers via the β-sheet domain is the most highly conserved function of CAPs from mammals to apicomplexan parasites. Other functions, including interactions with profilin and ADF/cofilin, evolved in more complex organisms to adjust the specific role of CAPs in actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Makkonen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Chaudhry F, Breitsprecher D, Little K, Sharov G, Sokolova O, Goode BL. Srv2/cyclase-associated protein forms hexameric shurikens that directly catalyze actin filament severing by cofilin. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 24:31-41. [PMID: 23135996 PMCID: PMC3530777 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-08-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed that the N-terminal half of Srv2 (N-Srv2) directly catalyzes severing of cofilin-decorated actin filaments. N-Srv2 formed novel six-bladed structures resembling ninja throwing stars (shurikens), and N-Srv2 activities were critical for actin organization in vivo and were lethal in combination with Aip1. Actin filament severing is critical for the dynamic turnover of cellular actin networks. Cofilin severs filaments, but additional factors may be required to increase severing efficiency in vivo. Srv2/cyclase-associated protein (CAP) is a widely expressed protein with a role in binding and recycling actin monomers ascribed to domains in its C-terminus (C-Srv2). In this paper, we report a new biochemical and cellular function for Srv2/CAP in directly catalyzing cofilin-mediated severing of filaments. This function is mediated by its N-terminal half (N-Srv2), and is physically and genetically separable from C-Srv2 activities. Using dual-color total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we determined that N-Srv2 stimulates filament disassembly by increasing the frequency of cofilin-mediated severing without affecting cofilin binding to filaments. Structural analysis shows that N-Srv2 forms novel hexameric star-shaped structures, and disrupting oligomerization impairs N-Srv2 activities and in vivo function. Further, genetic analysis shows that the combined activities of N-Srv2 and Aip1 are essential in vivo. These observations define a novel mechanism by which the combined activities of cofilin and Srv2/CAP lead to enhanced filament severing and support an emerging view that actin disassembly is controlled not by cofilin alone, but by a more complex set of factors working in concert.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Chaudhry
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Science Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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Arhzaouy K, Strucksberg KH, Tung SM, Tangavelou K, Stumpf M, Faix J, Schröder R, Clemen CS, Eichinger L. Heteromeric p97/p97R155C complexes induce dominant negative changes in wild-type and autophagy 9-deficient Dictyostelium strains. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46879. [PMID: 23056506 PMCID: PMC3463532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the human VCP (p97) gene cause autosomal-dominant IBMPFD (inclusion body myopathy with early onset Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia), ALS14 (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with or without frontotemporal dementia) and HSP (hereditary spastic paraplegia). Most prevalent is the R155C point mutation. We studied the function of p97 in the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and have generated strains that ectopically express wild-type (p97) or mutant p97 (p97(R155C)) fused to RFP in AX2 wild-type and autophagy 9 knock-out (ATG9(KO)) cells. Native gel electrophoresis showed that both p97 and p97(R155C) assemble into hexamers. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that endogenous p97 and p97(R155C)-RFP form heteromers. The mutant strains displayed changes in cell growth, phototaxis, development, proteasomal activity, ubiquitinylated proteins, and ATG8(LC3) indicating mis-regulation of multiple essential cellular processes. Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis revealed an increase of protein aggregates in ATG9(KO)/p97(R155C)-RFP and ATG9(KO) cells. They were positive for ubiquitin in both strains, however, solely immunoreactive for p97 in the ATG9(KO) mutant. A major finding is that the expression of p97(R155C)-RFP in the ATG9(KO) strain partially or fully rescued the pleiotropic phenotype. We also observed dose-dependent effects of p97 on several cellular processes. Based on findings in the single versus the double mutants we propose a novel mode of p97 interaction with the core autophagy protein ATG9 which is based on mutual inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Arhzaouy
- Intitute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Strucksberg
- Intitute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sze Man Tung
- Intitute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Maria Stumpf
- Intitute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Faix
- Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph S. Clemen
- Intitute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Intitute for Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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49
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Lu W, Schneider M, Neumann S, Jaeger VM, Taranum S, Munck M, Cartwright S, Richardson C, Carthew J, Noh K, Goldberg M, Noegel AA, Karakesisoglou I. Nesprin interchain associations control nuclear size. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3493-509. [PMID: 22653047 PMCID: PMC11114684 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nesprins-1/-2/-3/-4 are nuclear envelope proteins, which connect nuclei to the cytoskeleton. The largest nesprin-1/-2 isoforms (termed giant) tether F-actin through their N-terminal actin binding domain (ABD). Nesprin-3, however, lacks an ABD and associates instead to plectin, which binds intermediate filaments. Nesprins are integrated into the outer nuclear membrane via their C-terminal KASH-domain. Here, we show that nesprin-1/-2 ABDs physically and functionally interact with nesprin-3. Thus, both ends of nesprin-1/-2 giant are integrated at the nuclear surface: via the C-terminal KASH-domain and the N-terminal ABD-nesprin-3 association. Interestingly, nesprin-2 ABD or KASH-domain overexpression leads to increased nuclear areas. Conversely, nesprin-2 mini (contains the ABD and KASH-domain but lacks the massive nesprin-2 giant rod segment) expression yields smaller nuclei. Nuclear shrinkage is further enhanced upon nesprin-3 co-expression or microfilament depolymerization. Our findings suggest that multivariate intermolecular nesprin interactions with the cytoskeleton form a lattice-like filamentous network covering the outer nuclear membrane, which determines nuclear size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Lu
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Schneider
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sascha Neumann
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena-Maren Jaeger
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Surayya Taranum
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Munck
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Cartwright
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Christine Richardson
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - James Carthew
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Kowoon Noh
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Martin Goldberg
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - Angelika A. Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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50
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Bernadskaya YY, Wallace A, Nguyen J, Mohler WA, Soto MC. UNC-40/DCC, SAX-3/Robo, and VAB-1/Eph polarize F-actin during embryonic morphogenesis by regulating the WAVE/SCAR actin nucleation complex. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002863. [PMID: 22876199 PMCID: PMC3410845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cells in a developing embryo, including neurons and their axons and growth cones, must integrate multiple guidance cues to undergo directed growth and migration. The UNC-6/netrin, SLT-1/slit, and VAB-2/Ephrin guidance cues, and their receptors, UNC-40/DCC, SAX-3/Robo, and VAB-1/Eph, are known to be major regulators of cellular growth and migration. One important area of research is identifying the molecules that interpret this guidance information downstream of the guidance receptors to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton. However, how guidance cues regulate the actin cytoskeleton is not well understood. We report here that UNC-40/DCC, SAX-3/Robo, and VAB-1/Eph differentially regulate the abundance and subcellular localization of the WAVE/SCAR actin nucleation complex and its activator, Rac1/CED-10, in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryonic epidermis. Loss of any of these three pathways results in embryos that fail embryonic morphogenesis. Similar defects in epidermal enclosure have been observed when CED-10/Rac1 or the WAVE/SCAR actin nucleation complex are missing during embryonic development in C. elegans. Genetic and molecular experiments demonstrate that in fact, these three axonal guidance proteins differentially regulate the levels and membrane enrichment of the WAVE/SCAR complex and its activator, Rac1/CED-10, in the epidermis. Live imaging of filamentous actin (F-actin) in embryos developing in the absence of individual guidance receptors shows that high levels of F-actin are not essential for polarized cell migrations, but that properly polarized distribution of F-actin is essential. These results suggest that proper membrane recruitment and activation of CED-10/Rac1 and of WAVE/SCAR by signals at the plasma membrane result in polarized F-actin that permits directed movements and suggest how multiple guidance cues can result in distinct changes in actin nucleation during morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Y. Bernadskaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Andre Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jillian Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - William A. Mohler
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Martha C. Soto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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