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Ahmad I, Lokau J, Kespohl B, Malik NA, Baig SM, Hartig R, Behme D, Schwab R, Altmüller J, Jameel M, Mucha S, Thiele H, Tariq M, Nürnberg P, Erdmann J, Garbers C. The interleukin-11 receptor variant p.W307R results in craniosynostosis in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13479. [PMID: 37596289 PMCID: PMC10439179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is characterized by the premature fusion and ossification of one or more of the sutures of the calvaria, often resulting in abnormal features of the face and the skull. In cases in which growth of the brain supersedes available space within the skull, developmental delay or cognitive impairment can occur. A complex interplay of different cell types and multiple signaling pathways are required for correct craniofacial development. In this study, we report on two siblings with craniosynostosis and a homozygous missense pathogenic variant within the IL11RA gene (c.919 T > C; p.W307R). The patients present with craniosynostosis, exophthalmos, delayed tooth eruption, mild platybasia, and a basilar invagination. The p.W307R variant is located within the arginine-tryptophan-zipper within the D3 domain of the IL-11R, a structural element known to be important for the stability of the cytokine receptor. Expression of IL-11R-W307R in cells shows impaired maturation of the IL-11R, no transport to the cell surface and intracellular retention. Accordingly, cells stably expressing IL-11R-W307R do not respond when stimulated with IL-11, arguing for a loss-of-function mutation. In summary, the IL-11R-W307R variant, reported here for the first time to our knowledge, is most likely the causative variant underlying craniosynostosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ahmad
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, and University Heart Center, University of Lübeck, Building 67, BMF, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Juliane Lokau
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Birte Kespohl
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Roland Hartig
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology and Service Unit Multiparametric Bioimaging and Cytometry, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Behme
- University Clinic for Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schwab
- University Clinic for Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jameel
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sören Mucha
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, and University Heart Center, University of Lübeck, Building 67, BMF, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, and University Heart Center, University of Lübeck, Building 67, BMF, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC:I3), Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (ChaMP), Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Saadi SM, Cali E, Khalid LB, Yousaf H, Zafar G, Khan HN, Sher M, Vona B, Abdullah U, Malik NA, Klar J, Efthymiou S, Dahl N, Houlden H, Toft M, Baig SM, Fatima A, Iqbal Z. Genetic Investigation of Consanguineous Pakistani Families Segregating Rare Spinocerebellar Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1404. [PMID: 37510308 PMCID: PMC10379343 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar disorders are a vast group of rare neurogenetic conditions, generally characterized by overlapping clinical symptoms including progressive cerebellar ataxia, spastic paraparesis, cognitive deficiencies, skeletal/muscular and ocular abnormalities. The objective of the present study is to identify the underlying genetic causes of the rare spinocerebellar disorders in the Pakistani population. Herein, nine consanguineous families presenting different spinocerebellar phenotypes have been investigated using whole exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was performed for segregation analysis in all the available individuals of each family. The molecular analysis of these families identified six novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants; ZFYVE26: c.1093del, SACS: c.1201C>T, BICD2: c.2156A>T, ALS2: c.2171-3T>G, ALS2: c.3145T>A, and B4GALNT1: c.334_335dup, and three already reported pathogenic variants; FA2H: c.159_176del, APTX: c.689T>G, and SETX: c.5308_5311del. The clinical features of all patients in each family are concurrent with the already reported cases. Hence, the current study expands the mutation spectrum of rare spinocerebellar disorders and implies the usefulness of next-generation sequencing in combination with clinical investigation for better diagnosis of these overlapping phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Maryam Saadi
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Elisa Cali
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Lubaba Bintee Khalid
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Yousaf
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Zafar
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Khan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sher
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University Swat Campus, Swat 19200, Pakistan
| | - Barbara Vona
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (PMAS-AAUR), Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Joakim Klar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, P.O. Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Niklas Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, P.O. Box 815, 751 08 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Mathias Toft
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Ambrin Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74000, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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3
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Khan A, Tian S, Tariq M, Khan S, Safeer M, Ullah N, Akbar N, Javed I, Asif M, Ahmad I, Ullah S, Satti HS, Khan R, Naeem M, Ali M, Rendu J, Fauré J, Dieterich K, Latypova X, Baig SM, Malik NA, Zhang F, Khan TN, Liu C. NGS-driven molecular diagnosis of heterogeneous hereditary neurological disorders reveals novel and known variants in disease-causing genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1601-1613. [PMID: 36002593 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary neurological disorders (HNDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. These disorders arise from the impaired function of the central or peripheral nervous system due to aberrant electrical impulses. More than 600 various neurological disorders, exhibiting a wide spectrum of overlapping clinical presentations depending on the organ(s) involved, have been documented. Owing to this clinical heterogeneity, diagnosing these disorders has been a challenge for both clinicians and geneticists and a large number of patients are either misdiagnosed or remain entirely undiagnosed. Contribution of genetics to neurological disorders has been recognized since long; however, the complete picture of the underlying molecular bases are under-explored. The aim of this study was to accurately diagnose 11 unrelated Pakistani families with various HNDs deploying NGS as a first step approach. Using exome sequencing and gene panel sequencing, we successfully identified disease-causing genomic variants these families. We report four novel variants, one each in, ECEL1, NALCN, TBR1 and PIGP in four of the pedigrees. In the rest of the seven families, we found five previously reported pathogenic variants in POGZ, FA2H, PLA2G6 and CYP27A1. Of these, three families segregate a homozygous 18 bp in-frame deletion of FA2H, indicating a likely founder mutation segregating in Pakistani population. Genotyping for this mutation can help low-cost population wide screening in the corresponding regions of the country. Our findings not only expand the existing repertoire of mutational spectrum underlying neurological disorders but will also help in genetic testing of individuals with HNDs in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shixiong Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safeer
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Naimat Ullah
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Akbar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Iram Javed
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Asif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Shahid Ullah
- Department of General Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, 2500, Pakistan
| | - Humayoon Shafique Satti
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.,NUMS Institute of Advance Studies and Research, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mahwish Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.,NUMS Institute of Advance Studies and Research, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - John Rendu
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Fauré
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Inserm, U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Institute of Advanced Biosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Xenia Latypova
- Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Science Foundation, Constitution Avenue, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Feng Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Tahir Naeem Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan. .,NUMS Institute of Advance Studies and Research, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan. .,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Lurie Children's Hospital, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States.
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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4
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Lim WS, Cheong CY, Lim JP, Tan MMY, Chia JQ, Malik NA, Tay L. Singapore Clinical Practice Guidelines For Sarcopenia: Screening, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:348-369. [PMID: 36346721 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present the local evidence and final recommendations of the Clinical Practice Guidelines workgroup convened by the Chapter of Geriatricians and the Society for Geriatric Medicine Singapore. The aim is to develop contextualized evidence-based recommendations that facilitate adoption of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus into current practice in Singapore. METHODS The workgroup drew upon the AWGS'2019 consensus, updated literature review of Singapore studies till 31 Dec 2020, and evidence from recent systematic reviews. From 40 local studies included for data extraction, we constructed evidence tables organized as: definition and epidemiology; diagnosis and evaluation; and treatment and intervention. Twenty recommendations - case-finding, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, research - were developed, and graded for strength and quality using the GRADE approach. Consensus from an expert panel(N=23) was achieved after two rounds of the modified Delphi process. RESULTS The local prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults ranged from 13.6% to 25%. Most studies adopted the AWGS'2019 and AWGS'2014 criteria. Reported case finding tools include SARC-F, calf circumference (CC) and SARC-CalF. Gender-specific AWGS cut-offs for appendicular skeletal mass were used to define low muscle mass. Different protocols and dynamometers were used to assess handgrip strength, whilst gait speed and 5-times chair stand were commonly used to assess physical performance. RECOMMENDATIONS We conditionally recommend a case-finding approach in at-risk older adults using validated case-finding tools. Screen-positive individuals should be assessed for 'possible sarcopenia' and underlying causes. For diagnosis, we conditionally recommend using the AWGS'2019 algorithm, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry when necessary to determine low lean mass for a confirmatory diagnosis of sarcopenia. For treatment, we strongly recommend resistance-based exercises and conditionally recommend a quality protein-rich diet/protein supplementation, with Vitamin D supplementation for insufficiency (<30 micrograms/L). For prevention, we recommend regular resistance-based physical activity and adequate protein intake (≥1.0g/kg bodyweight). We encourage more research to address local evidence gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Lim
- Wee Shiong Lim, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Annex, Level 2, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Novena, Singapore 308433. Phone: +65-6357-6474; Fax: +65-6359-6294;
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5
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Kaygusuz E, Khayyat AIA, Abdullah U, Budde BS, Asif M, Ahmed I, Makhdoom EUH, Sur-Erdem I, Baig JM, Khan MMA, Toliat MR, Becker C, Anwar H, Iqbal M, Fischer S, Jameel M, Sher M, Tariq M, Malik NA, Noegel AA, Hassan MJ, Thiele H, Tinschert S, Eichinger L, Höning S, Baig SM, Nürnberg P, Hussain MS. A 24-generation-old founder mutation impairs splicing of RBBP8 in Pakistani families affected with Jawad syndrome. Clin Genet 2021; 100:486-488. [PMID: 34270086 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Jawad syndrome is a multiple congenital anomaly and intellectual disability syndrome with mutation in RBBP8 reported only in two families. Here, we report on two new families from Pakistan and identified a previously reported variant in RBBP8, NM_002894.3:c.1808-1809delTA. We could show that this mutation impairs splicing resulting in two different abnormal transcripts. Finally, we could verify a shared haplotype among all four families and estimate the founder event to have occurred some 24 generations ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Kaygusuz
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Arwa Ishaq A Khayyat
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Birgit Susanne Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Asif
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilyas Ahmed
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Ehtisham Ul Haq Makhdoom
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ilknur Sur-Erdem
- Department of Molecular Biology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jamshaid Mahmood Baig
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Ali Khan
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Reza Toliat
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Becker
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Iqbal
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jameel
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sher
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Zentrum Medizinische Genetik, Medizinische Universität, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Höning
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, PIEAS, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Ketley A, Wojciechowska M, Ghidelli-Disse S, Bamborough P, Ghosh TK, Morato ML, Sedehizadeh S, Malik NA, Tang Z, Powalowska P, Tanner M, Billeter-Clark R, Trueman RC, Geiszler PC, Agostini A, Othman O, Bösche M, Bantscheff M, Rüdiger M, Mossakowska DE, Drewry DH, Zuercher WJ, Thornton CA, Drewes G, Uings I, Hayes CJ, Brook JD. CDK12 inhibition reduces abnormalities in cells from patients with myotonic dystrophy and in a mouse model. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/541/eaaz2415. [PMID: 32350131 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an RNA-based disease with no current treatment. It is caused by a transcribed CTG repeat expansion within the 3' untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Mutant repeat expansion transcripts remain in the nuclei of patients' cells, forming distinct microscopically detectable foci that contribute substantially to the pathophysiology of the condition. Here, we report small-molecule inhibitors that remove nuclear foci and have beneficial effects in the HSALR mouse model, reducing transgene expression, leading to improvements in myotonia, splicing, and centralized nuclei. Using chemoproteomics in combination with cell-based assays, we identify cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) as a druggable target for this condition. CDK12 is a protein elevated in DM1 cell lines and patient muscle biopsies, and our results showed that its inhibition led to reduced expression of repeat expansion RNA. Some of the inhibitors identified in this study are currently the subject of clinical trials for other indications and provide valuable starting points for a drug development program in DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Ketley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marzena Wojciechowska
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sonja Ghidelli-Disse
- Cellzome GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 61997 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Bamborough
- Computational and Modelling Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Tushar K Ghosh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marta Lopez Morato
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Saam Sedehizadeh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Zhenzhi Tang
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642-0001, USA
| | - Paulina Powalowska
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Matthew Tanner
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642-0001, USA
| | - Rudolf Billeter-Clark
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Rebecca C Trueman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Philippine C Geiszler
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alessandra Agostini
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Othman Othman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Markus Bösche
- Cellzome GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 61997 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- Cellzome GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 61997 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Rüdiger
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Danuta E Mossakowska
- Discovery Partnerships with Academia, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.,Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - David H Drewry
- Department of Chemical Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3398, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- Department of Chemical Biology, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3398, USA.,SGC Center for Chemical Biology, UNC, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Charles A Thornton
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642-0001, USA
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome GmbH, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 61997 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iain Uings
- Discovery Partnerships with Academia, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Christopher J Hayes
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - J David Brook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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7
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Khan NM, Hussain B, Zheng C, Khan A, Masoud MS, Gu Q, Qiu L, Malik NA, Qasim M, Tariq M, Chang J. Updates on Clinical and Genetic Heterogeneity of ASPM in 12 Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Families in Pakistani Population. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:695133. [PMID: 34295862 PMCID: PMC8290066 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.695133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcephaly (MCPH) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by non-progressive intellectual disability, small head circumference, and small brain size compared with the age- and sex-matched population. MCPH manifests as an isolated condition or part of another clinical syndrome; so far, 25 genes have been linked with MCPH. Many of these genes are reported in Pakistani population, but due to a high rate of consanguinity, a significant proportion of MCPH cohort is yet to be explored. MCPH5 is the most frequently reported type, accounting for up to 68.75% alone in a genetically constrained population like Pakistan. In the current study, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on probands from 10 families sampled from South Waziristan and two families from rural areas of the Pakistani Punjab. Candidate variants were validated through Sanger sequencing in all available family members. Variant filtering and in silico analysis identified three known mutations in ASPM, a MCPH5-associated gene. The founder mutation p.Trp1326* was segregating in 10 families, which further confirmed the evidence that it is the most prominent mutation in Pashtun ethnicity living in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Furthermore, the previously known mutations p.Arg3244* and p.Arg1019* were inherited in two families with Punjab ethnic profile. Collectively, this study added 12 more families to the mutational paradigm of ASPM and expanded the Pakistani MCPH cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Muhammad Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Hussain
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ayaz Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shareef Masoud
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qingquan Gu
- Shenzhen Real Omics Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Linhui Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE-C), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Junlei Chang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials and Cellular Immunomodulation, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Sukumaran SK, Stumpf M, Salamon S, Ahmad I, Bhattacharya K, Fischer S, Müller R, Altmüller J, Budde B, Thiele H, Tariq M, Malik NA, Nürnberg P, Baig SM, Hussain MS, Noegel AA. CDK5RAP2 interaction with components of the Hippo signaling pathway may play a role in primary microcephaly. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 292:365-383. [PMID: 28004182 PMCID: PMC5357305 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is characterized by a substantial reduction in brain size but with normal architecture. It is often linked to mutations in genes coding for centrosomal proteins; however, their role in brain size regulation is not completely understood. By combining homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing in an MCPH family from Pakistan, we identified a novel mutation (XM_011518861.1; c.4114C > T) in CDK5RAP2, the gene associated with primary microcephaly-3 (MCPH3), leading to a premature stop codon (p.Arg1372*). CDK5RAP2 is a component of the pericentriolar material important for the microtubule-organizing function of the centrosome. Patient-derived primary fibroblasts had strongly decreased CDK5RAP2 amounts, showed centrosomal and nuclear abnormalities and exhibited changes in cell size and migration. We further identified an interaction of CDK5RAP2 with the Hippo pathway components MST1 kinase and the transcriptional regulator TAZ. This finding potentially provides a mechanism through which the Hippo pathway with its roles in the regulation of centrosome number is linked to the centrosome. In the patient fibroblasts, we observed higher levels of TAZ and YAP. However, common target genes of the Hippo pathway were downregulated as compared to the control with the exception of BIRC5 (Survivin), which was significantly upregulated. We propose that the centrosomal deficiencies and the altered cellular properties in the patient fibroblasts can also result from the observed changes in the Hippo pathway components which could thus be relevant for MCPH and play a role in brain size regulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil K Sukumaran
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Sarah Salamon
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Ilyas Ahmad
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurchi Bhattacharya
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Sarah Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Birgit Budde
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sajid Hussain
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angelika A Noegel
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931, Köln, Germany.
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9
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Belgaumi UI, Parkar MI, Malik NA, Suresh KV, Havewala AM, Bhalinge PM. Follicular Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor in Mandible: A Rare Case Report. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2016; 5:469-72. [PMID: 27057389 PMCID: PMC4804662 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.177976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively rare, benign, hamartomatous, and cystic odontogenic neoplasm that was first described more than a century ago. The lesion still continues to intrigue experts with its varied histomorphology and controversies regarding its development. The present article describes a case of cystic AOT with an unusual histomorphology associated with an impacted 44 in a 21-year-old male.
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Affiliation(s)
- U I Belgaumi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - M I Parkar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - N A Malik
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - K V Suresh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - A M Havewala
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, S.O.A.S University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - P M Bhalinge
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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10
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Jameel M, Klar J, Tariq M, Moawia A, Altaf Malik N, Seema Waseem S, Abdullah U, Naeem Khan T, Raininko R, Baig SM, Dahl N. A novel AP4M1 mutation in autosomal recessive cerebral palsy syndrome and clinical expansion of AP-4 deficiency. BMC Med Genet 2014; 15:133. [PMID: 25496299 PMCID: PMC4292821 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with intellectual disability in one-third of cases. Recent findings support Mendelian inheritance in subgroups of patients with the disease. The purpose of this study was to identify a novel genetic cause of paraplegic CP with intellectual disability in a consanguineous Pakistani family. Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in two brothers with CP and intellectual disability. Analysis of AP4M1 mRNA was performed using quantitative real-time PCR on total RNA from cultured fibroblasts. The brothers were investigated clinically and by MRI. Results We identified a novel homozygous AP4M1 mutation c.194_195delAT, p.Y65Ffs*50 in the affected brothers. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed markedly reduced AP4M1 mRNA levels suggesting partial non-sense mediated mRNA decay. Several clinical and MRI features were consistent with AP-4 complex deficiency. However, in contrast to previously reported cases with AP4M1 mutations our patients show an aggressive behavior and a relatively late onset of disease. Conclusion This study shows an AP4M1 mutation associated with aggressive behavior in addition to mild dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, spastic paraparesis and reduced head circumference. Our findings expand the clinical spectrum associated with AP-4 complex deficiency and the study illustrates the importance of MRI and WES in the diagnosis of patients with CP and intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Niklas Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 08, Sweden.
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11
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Klar J, Hisatsune C, Baig SM, Tariq M, Johansson ACV, Rasool M, Malik NA, Ameur A, Sugiura K, Feuk L, Mikoshiba K, Dahl N. Abolished InsP3R2 function inhibits sweat secretion in both humans and mice. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4773-80. [PMID: 25329695 DOI: 10.1172/jci70720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 3 major sweat-producing glands present in skin; eccrine, apocrine, and apoeccrine glands. Due to the high rate of secretion, eccrine sweating is a vital regulator of body temperature in response to thermal stress in humans; therefore, an inability to sweat (anhidrosis) results in heat intolerance that may cause impaired consciousness and death. Here, we have reported 5 members of a consanguineous family with generalized, isolated anhidrosis, but morphologically normal eccrine sweat glands. Whole-genome analysis identified the presence of a homozygous missense mutation in ITPR2, which encodes the type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R2), that was present in all affected family members. We determined that the mutation is localized within the pore forming region of InsP3R2 and abrogates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, which suggests that intracellular Ca2+ release by InsP3R2 in clear cells of the sweat glands is important for eccrine sweat production. Itpr2-/- mice exhibited a marked reduction in sweat secretion, and evaluation of sweat glands from Itpr2-/- animals revealed a decrease in Ca2+ response compared with controls. Together, our data indicate that loss of InsP3R2-mediated Ca2+ release causes isolated anhidrosis in humans and suggest that specific InsP3R inhibitors have the potential to reduce sweat production in hyperhidrosis.
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12
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Raykova D, Klar J, Azhar A, Khan TN, Malik NA, Iqbal M, Tariq M, Baig SM, Dahl N. Autosomal recessive transmission of a rare KRT74 variant causes hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia: allelism with dominant woolly hair/hypotrichosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93607. [PMID: 24714551 PMCID: PMC3979697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pure hair and nail ectodermal dysplasia (PHNED) comprises a heterogeneous group of rare heritable disorders characterized by brittle hair, hypotrichosis, onychodystrophy and micronychia. Autosomal recessive (AR) PHNED has previously been associated with mutations in either KRT85 or HOXC13 on chromosome 12p11.1-q14.3. We investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family with AR PHNED linked to the keratin gene cluster on 12p11.1 but without detectable mutations in KRT85 and HOXC13. Whole exome sequencing of affected individuals revealed homozygosity for a rare c.821T>C variant (p.Phe274Ser) in the KRT74 gene that segregates AR PHNED in the family. The transition alters the highly conserved Phe274 residue in the coil 1B domain required for long-range dimerization of keratins, suggesting that the mutation compromises the stability of intermediate filaments. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses confirmed a strong keratin-74 expression in the nail matrix, the nail bed and the hyponychium of mouse distal digits, as well as in normal human hair follicles. Furthermore, hair follicles and epidermis of an affected family member stained negative for Keratin-74 suggesting a loss of function mechanism mediated by the Phe274Ser substitution. Our observations show for the first time that homozygosity for a KRT74 missense variant may be associated with AR PHNED. Heterozygous KRT74 mutations have previously been associated with autosomal dominant woolly hair/hypotrichosis simplex (ADWH). Thus, our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with KRT74 mutations and imply that a subtype of AR PHNED is allelic with ADWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doroteya Raykova
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory at Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joakim Klar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory at Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aysha Azhar
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Naeem Khan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicines Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Niklas Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory at Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Khan TN, Klar J, Nawaz S, Jameel M, Tariq M, Malik NA, Baig SM, Dahl N. Novel missense mutation in the RSPO4 gene in congenital hyponychia and evidence for a polymorphic initiation codon (p.M1I). BMC Med Genet 2012; 13:120. [PMID: 23234511 PMCID: PMC3532313 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Anonychia/hyponychia congenita is a rare autosomal recessive developmental disorder characterized by the absence (anonychia) or hypoplasia (hyponuchia) of finger- and/or toenails frequently caused by mutations in the R-spondin 4 (RSPO4) gene. Methods Three hypo/anonychia consanguineous Pakistani families were ascertained and genotyped using microsatellite markers spanning the RSPO4 locus on chromosome 20p13. Mutation screening of the RSPO4 gene was carried out by direct sequencing of the entire coding region and all intron-exon boundaries. Results Mutations in the RSPO4 gene were identified in all families including a novel missense mutation c.178C>T (p.R60W) and two recurrent variants c.353G>A (p.C118Y) and c.3G>A (p.M1I). The c.3G>A variant was identified in unaffected family members and a control sample in a homozygous state. Conclusions This study raises to 17 the number of known RSPO4 mutations and further expands the molecular repertoire causing hypo/anonychia. The c.353G>A emerges as a recurrent change with a possible founder effect in the Pakistani population. Our findings suggest that c.3G>A is not sufficient to cause the disorder and could be considered a polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Naeem Khan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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14
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Rehman SU, Baig SM, Eiberg H, Rehman SU, Ahmad I, Malik NA, Tommerup N, Hansen L. Autozygosity mapping of a large consanguineous Pakistani family reveals a novel non-syndromic autosomal recessive mental retardation locus on 11p15-tel. Neurogenetics 2011; 12:247-51. [PMID: 21643797 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-011-0286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive inherited mental retardation is an extremely heterogeneous disease and accounts for approximately 25% of all non-syndromic mental retardation cases. Autozygosity mapping of a large consanguineous Pakistani family revealed a novel locus for non-syndromic autosomal recessive mental retardation (NS-ARMR). The affected individuals showed low IQ and cognitive impairment without any neurological, skeletal, and biochemical abnormalities. All known NS-ARMR genes were excluded by STS markers, so autozygosity mapping by microarray single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis were done in all sampled individuals in the family. The nuclear central loop in the five generation family showed homozygosity for a 6-Mb telomeric region on 11p15, whereas all other linkage regions were excluded by calculation of logarithm of odds (LOD) for the SNP microarray data. A maximum LOD score of Z = 3.31 was calculated for the mapped region. These results suggest a novel genetic locus, MRT17, for NS-ARMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib ur Rehman
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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15
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Malik NA, Kumar VV, Bora P. Le Fort I distraction osteogenesis of the edentulous maxilla. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 40:430-3. [PMID: 21036540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rehabilitation of the edentulous patient with atrophic ridges is a problem especially when compounded with a severe prognathic inter-arch relationship. It is difficult to rehabilitate these patients prosthetically without correction of the malrelation of the jaws. The established surgical techniques for correcting combined sagittal and vertical discrepancies of edentulous jaws are often prolonged and complex with attendant morbidity. This article presents a novel, simple method of correction of severe interarch sagittal discrepancy (more than 15 mm) by performing distraction osteogenesis at Le Fort I level using an internal maxillary distraction device. This method is a simple, predictable and stable option for the correction of a severe, unfavourable intermaxillary relation in edentulous patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Malik
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
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Nasreen F, Altaf Malik N, Naeem Riaz M, Anver Qureshi J. Detection and screening of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency in Pakistan using molecular methods. Hereditas 2009; 146:74-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2009.02093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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17
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Aslam MA, Awan FR, Tauseef I, Ali S, Ahmad N, Malik NA, Riaz MN, Qureshi JA. Identification of hepatitis B virus core mutants by PCR-RFLP in chronic hepatitis B patients from Punjab, Pakistan. Arch Virol 2007; 153:163-70. [PMID: 18030544 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-1093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health issue worldwide. Several factors including core gene variation are responsible for the development of chronicity of HBV infection. The present study was designed to identify the variations in the core region of the HBV genome in a local population of chronic hepatitis B patients (n = 57) using a PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Fifty subjects were found to be positive for the presence of HBV DNA. For the core region genotyping, the Ava II and Msp I restriction enzymes were used. Mutations at nucleotide (nt) 2147 and nt 2362 in the HBV genome in the core region for Ava II (A4 type, 74%) and nt 2331 for Msp I (M1 type, 66%) were observed as the most common pattern. These results are different from those of previously reported studies on other populations and thus appear to be unique to the Pakistani population. This type of characterization of core mutants may be useful for the design of vaccines based on viral epitopes that are effective for the Pakistani population. Moreover, these unique genotypic patterns for the HBV core gene might be some of the main factors responsible for understanding the underlying mechanism by which HBV chronicity is developed in the Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Aslam
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Jayade CV, Ayoub AF, Khambay BS, Walker FS, Gopalakrishnan K, Malik NA, Srivastava D, Pradhan R. Skeletal stability after correction of maxillary hypoplasia by the Glasgow extra-oral distraction (GED) device. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 44:301-7. [PMID: 16162377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 07/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maxillary distraction osteogenesis delivers excellent results, particularly in patients with clefts. In the past, devices such as the conventional facemask and the rigid external distraction device have been used to correct maxillary hypoplasia after a Le Fort I osteotomy. We describe a new device, the Glasgow extra-oral distraction device. The extent of skeletal and dental stability of corrections achieved in 10 patients with maxillary hypoplasia associated with clefts was satisfactory. This device costs little, can be produced in developing countries, and provides effective treatment for severe secondary deformity associated with clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Jayade
- Department of Orthodontics, SDM Dental College, Dharwad, Karnataka State, India
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19
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Sarode TP, Malik NA. Odontogenic myxoma in a child: diagnostic and treatment dilemmas. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2002; 20:68-72. [PMID: 12435020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A rare case of odontogenic myxoma of the mandible in a 10 year old child has been reported and an attempt has been made to critically analyze the case as well as the diagnostic dilemmas related to myxomatous tumours to improve our knowledge and skills in their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Sarode
- Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra
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20
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Malik NA, Fung JC. Anomalous burning rates of flamelets induced by self-similar multiple scale (fractal and spiral) initial fields. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:6636-47. [PMID: 11102001 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.6636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the classical problem of a single idealized flamelet (which is described by a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation of motion) which propagates at a constant burning rate, self-similar multiple scale fields, whether fractal or nonfractal, induce anomalous rates of burning determined by the space-filling properties of the initial field. We compare the regimes induced by (line-cuts through) three specific geometries with distinct space-filling characteristics: (1) an algebraic spiral which has capacity (box-counting dimension) D(k)>0, and fractal dimension H=0; (2) an exponential spiral which has D(k)=0 and H=0, and geometric ratio R>1; (3) a fractal Cantor dust which has D(k)=H>0. The (nondimensional) burning rate U(B) induced by all three geometries takes the general form U(B) approximately F(tau(-zeta)), where F is a function whose form depends on the specific geometry, zeta is an exponent that contains the space-filling characteristic of the geometry, and tau is a nondimensional time. (1) For the algebraic spiral, F(x)=1(x), and zeta=D(k); F is continuous. (2) For the exponential spiral, F(x)=ln(x), and zeta=1/(R-1); F is continuous. (3) For the fractal Cantor dust, F(u)(x)=1(x), and zeta=H (for the envelope); F itself is a step-like discontinuous function. Thus, as D(k)-->0, or as H-->0, or as R-->infinity, then zeta-->0 and U(B)-->const; and as D(k)-->1, or as H-->1, (space filling) then zeta-->1; and as R-->1 (space filling) then zeta-->infinity. Two numerical methods, a fundamental (Eulerian) solution to the equation of motion and a Lagrangian model for flamelet propagation, confirm these theoretical predictions. The Lagrangian model is based on the idealized flamelet as a "point" with finite flame thickness Delta(L), (which is determined by the two-flamelet collision process), propagating with a given flame speed U(L). The Lagrangian model allows simulations in parameter ranges not easily accessible by the fundamental method (such as the case for the fractal Cantor dust). Interestingly, the linear regime of scalar diffusion in an algebraic spiral field displays the same dependence on D(k) as in the present reaction-diffusion case. The nonlinear regime of advection-diffusion (Burger turbulence) shows a different dependence on D(k).
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Affiliation(s)
- NA Malik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2BX, England and Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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21
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Malik NA, Jamil T. Visceral leishmaniasis in Sindh. J PAK MED ASSOC 2000; 50:278-9. [PMID: 10992716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N A Malik
- Department of Pediatrics, PNS Shifa, Karachi
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22
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Malik NA, Thomas M. Is Tilt Table Testing without Finapress of Diagnostic Value? Results of "Lowtech" Tilt Table Testing. Age Ageing 1998. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/27.suppl_2.22-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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23
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Abstract
An unusual and extremely rare displacement of teeth due to trauma, resulting in cervical space cellulitis with probable secondary complications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Khanna
- Nair Hospital Dental College, Bombay, India
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Abstract
We have determined the free energy of formation of the binary complexes formed between skeletal troponin C and troponin T (TnC.TnT) and between troponin T and troponin I (TnT.TnI). This was accomplished by using TnC fluorescently modified at Cys-98 with N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(5-sulfo-1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine for the first complex and TnI labeled at Cys-133 with the same probe for the other complex. The free energy of the ternary complex formed between troponin C and the binary complex TnT.TnI [TnC.(TnT.TnI)] was also measured by monitoring the emission of 5-(iodoacetamido)eosin attached to Cys-133 of the troponin I in TnT.TnI. The free energies were -9.0 kcal.mol-1 for TnC.TnT, -9.2 kcal.mol-1 for TnT.TnI, and -8.7 kcal.mol-1 for TnC.(TnT.TnI). In the presence of Mg2+ the free energies of TnC.TnT and TnC.(TnT.TnI) were -10.3 and -10.9 kcal.mol-1, respectively; in the presence of Ca2+ the corresponding free energies were -10.6 and -13.5 kcal.mol-1. Mg2+ and Ca2+ had negligible effect on the free energy of TnT.TnI. From these results the free energies of the formation of troponin from the three subunits were found to be -16.8 kcal.mol-1, -18.9 kcal.mol-1, and -21.6 kcal.mol-1 in the presence of EGTA, Mg2+, and Ca2+, respectively. Most of the free energy decrease caused by Ca2+ binding to the Ca2+-specific sites is derived from stabilization of the TnI-TnC linkage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35924
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Malik NA, Anantharamaiah GM, Gawish A, Cheung HC. Structural and biological studies on synthetic peptide analogues of a low-affinity calcium-binding site of skeletal troponin C. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987; 911:221-30. [PMID: 3801495 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(87)90011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized four oligopeptides that are structural analogues of a low-affinity Ca2+-specific binding site (site II) of rabbit skeletal troponin C. One analogue (peptide 3) was a dodecapeptide with a sequence corresponding to the 12-residue Ca2+-binding loop (residues 63-74 in troponin C), two (peptides 4 and 5) were 23-residue in length, corresponding to residues 52-74 of the protein, and the fourth (peptide 6) was a 25-residue peptide corresponding to residues 50-74. All four peptides had one amino acid substitution within the 12-residue binding loop in which phenylalanine at position 10 was replaced by tyrosine to provide a marker for spectroscopic studies. In addition, peptides 3 and 4 each had a second substitution within the binding loop where glycine at position 6 was replaced by alanine. The second substitution was motivated by the conservation of glycine at the position in the Ca2+-binding loops of all four Ca2+-binding sites in troponin C. The peptides were characterized by their intrinsic fluorescence, ability to enhance the emission of bound Tb3+, affinity for Ca2+ and Tb3+, and circular dichroism. The affinity for Ca2+ was in the range 10-10(2) M-1, and the affinity for Tb3+ was in the range 10(4)-10(5) M-1. The binding constants of the longer peptides were several-fold larger than that of the dodecapeptide. With peptides 4 and 5, substitution of glycine by alanine at position 6 within the 12-residue loop decreased the affinity for Ca2+ by a factor of four, but had little effect on the affinity for Tb3+. However, the mean residue ellipticity of peptide 4 was substantially higher than that of peptide 5. Since peptide 4 differs from peptide 5 only in the substitution of glycine at position 6 in the loop segment, the conservation of glycine at that position may serve a role in providing a suitable secondary structure of the binding sites for interaction with troponin I. Peptides 4 and 6, when present in a large excess, mimic troponin C in regulating fully reconstituted actomyosin ATPase by showing partial calcium sensitivity and activation of the ATPase. Since these peptides are the smallest peptides containing the Ca2+-binding loop of site II, their biological activity suggests that a Ca2+-dependent binding site of troponin C for troponin I could be as short as the segment comprising residues 52-62.
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Malik NA, Otiko G, Sadler PJ. 31P nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies at 24 and 162 MHz of blood containing an anti-arthritic gold phosphine: relaxation via chemical-shift anisotropy. Biochem Soc Trans 1980; 8:635-6. [PMID: 7450268 DOI: 10.1042/bst0080635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Malik NA, Otiko G, Sadler PJ. Control of intra- and extra-cellular sulphydryl-disulphide balances with gold phosphine drugs: 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human blood. J Inorg Biochem 1980; 12:317-22. [PMID: 7411141 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)80272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Contrasting reactions of the antiarthritic complexes ClAuPEt3 and ClAu(PEt3)2 with blood have been studied by 31P nmr spectroscopy. The monophosphine complex has two binding sites in erythrocytes, probably at the SH groups of glutathione and haemoglobin. The bis complex solidifies blood via a reductive denaturation of albumin, with the release of OPet3.
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Malik NA, Sadler PJ. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance as a probe for the interaction of gold phosphine drugs with albumin [proceedings]. Biochem Soc Trans 1979; 7:731-2. [PMID: 478147 DOI: 10.1042/bst0070731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
A double-blind comparison of fluphenazine decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in 40 consecutive admissions showed no difference in anti-psychotic effect or extrapyramidal side effects after 56 days. However, the trial identified a different effect of the drugs on mood. Flupenthixol decanoate had an elating effect that was most marked during the week following injection. Fluphenazine decanoate tended to lower mood. The results would suggest that in acute schizophrenia, fluphenazine decanoate would be the more appropriate drug in elated or acutely disturbed patients, but that in patients with a lowered mood or a history of depression, flupenthixol decanoate would be the more appropriate drug. It was emphasised that these mood changes were observed in patients with acute schizophrenia and that extrapolation from these results to maintenance therapy of chronic relapsing schizophrenia should only be made with caution. The results suggest that 40 mg of flupenthixol decanoate is approximately equal to 25 mg of fluphenazine decanoate. Analyses of covariance showed a significant positive correlation between the incidence of extrapyramidal side effects and duration of illness.
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