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Ye X, Yang C, Xu H, He Q, Sheng L, Lin J, Wang X. Exploring the therapeutic mechanisms of Coptidis Rhizoma in gastric precancerous lesions: a network pharmacology approach. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:211. [PMID: 38837097 PMCID: PMC11153449 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric precancerous lesions are a critical stage in the development of gastric cancer or gastric adenocarcinoma, and their outcome plays an important role in the malignant progression of gastric cancer. Coptidis Rhizoma has a good effect on Gastric precancerous lesions. However, the specific mechanisms of its action remain incompletely elucidated. METHODS Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma in treating gastric precancerous lesions. The active compounds of Coptidis Rhizoma and their potential gastric precancerous lesions related targets were obtained from TCMSP, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. An interaction network based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) was constructed to visualize the interactions between hub genes. Analysis of GO enrichment and KEGG pathway were conducted using the DAVID database. An investigation of interactions between active compounds and potential targets was carried out by molecular docking. Finally, animal experiments were conducted to verify the effect and mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma in treating precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. RESULTS A total of 11 active compounds and 95 anti-gastric precancerous lesions targets of Coptidis Rhizoma were screened for analysis. GO enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma acting on gastric precancerous lesions involves gene expression regulation and apoptosis regulation. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that Coptidis Rhizoma against gastric precancerous lesions involving the AKT /HIF-1α/VEGF signalling pathway. Molecular docking simulations indicated potential interactions between these compounds and core targets involved in anti-gastric precancerous lesions activity. In addition, it was confirmed in vivo that Berberine and Coptidis Rhizoma may reverse atrophy and potential intestinal metaplasia by inhibiting the expression of p-AKT, HIFA, and VEGF. CONCLUSION Bioactive compounds in Coptidis Rhizoma have the potential to prevent atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. These compounds function by regulating the proteins implicated in AKT /HIF-1α/VEGF signalling pathways that are crucial in gastric epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxing Ye
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, 351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Yang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hanzhi Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, 351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Sheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junmei Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, 351 Mingyue Street, Wucheng District, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Castellano BM, Tang D, Marsters S, Lam C, Liu P, Rose CM, Sandoval W, Ashkenazi A, Snedecor B, Misaghi S. Activation of the PERK branch of the unfolded protein response during production reduces specific productivity in CHO cells via downregulation of PDGFRa and IRE1a signaling. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3354. [PMID: 37161726 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During the course of biopharmaceutical production, heterologous protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells imposes a high proteostatic burden that requires cellular adaptation. To mitigate such burden, cells utilize the unfolded protein response (UPR), which increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) capacity to accommodate elevated rates of protein synthesis and folding. In this study, we show that during production the UPR regulates growth factor signaling to modulate growth and protein synthesis. Specifically, the protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK) branch of the UPR is responsible for transcriptional down-regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) and attenuation of the IRE1-alpha (IRE1a) branch of the UPR. PERK knockout (KO) cell lines displayed reduced growth and viability due to higher rates of apoptosis despite having stabilized PDGFRa levels. Knocking out PERK in an apoptosis impaired (Bax/Bak double KO) antibody-expressing cell line prevented apoptotic cell death and revealed that apoptosis was likely triggered by increased ER stress and reactive oxygen species levels in the PERK KO hosts. Our findings suggest that attenuation of IRE1a and PDGFRa signaling by the PERK branch of the UPR reduces ER protein folding capacity and hence specific productivity of CHO cells in order to mitigate UPR and prevent apoptotic cell death. Last, Bax/Bak/PERK triple KO CHO cell lines displayed 2-3 folds higher specific productivity and titer (up to 8 g/L), suggesting that modulation of PERK signaling during production processes can greatly improve specific productivity in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Castellano
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danming Tang
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Scot Marsters
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Lam
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter Liu
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Avi Ashkenazi
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brad Snedecor
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shahram Misaghi
- Department of Cell Culture and Bioprocess Operations, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Gu C, Li P, Liu W, Zhou Y, Tan W. The role of insulin in transdifferentiated hepatocyte proliferation and function in serum-free medium. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4165-4178. [PMID: 30950200 PMCID: PMC6533558 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdifferentiated hepatocytes are potential seeding cells for bioartificial liver (BAL) treatment, and it is important to obtain a sufficient number of functional hepatocytes in serum-free medium (SFM). Although insulin plays an essential role in promoting cell proliferation and metabolism, the functions of insulin in transdifferentiated cells remain poorly understood. Here, we found that 1.0 mg/L insulin significantly increased human-induced hepatocyte-like cells (hiHeps) proliferation and viability in SFM. The pro-proliferative effect of insulin on these cells occurred via augmented cyclin D1 expression that was mediated by activation of the Akt1/mTOR/p70S6K and Akt1/P53 pathways. Further studies revealed that insulin also enhanced the specific liver function of hiHeps in SFM. Additionally, Western blotting and siHNF1A transfection analysis showed that insulin increased the protein expression of Albumin (ALB) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase1A1 (UGT1A1 ) in hiHeps via HNF1A. Finally, hiHep proliferation and the expression of specific genes were maintained during long-term passaging in SFM supplemented with 1.0 mg/L insulin. Collectively, our findings show that insulin promotes transdifferentiated hiHep proliferation and specific functional expression. These findings have important implications for the expansion of functional hiHeps prior to clinical applications of BALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Wen‐Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghaiP. R. China
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4
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Li P, Wei J, Gao X, Wei B, Lin H, Huang R, Niu Y, Lim K, Jing K, Chu J. Insulin Promotes the Proliferation of Human Umbilical Cord Matrix-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Activating the Akt-Cyclin D1 Axis. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7371615. [PMID: 28484496 PMCID: PMC5412176 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7371615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The functions of insulin in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) remain poorly understood. Methods. MSC from human umbilical cord matrix (UCM) cultured in serum-free media (SFM) with or without insulin were subjected to various molecular biological analyses to determine their proliferation and growth states, expression levels of Akt-cyclin D1 signaling molecules, and in vitro differentiation capacities. Results. Insulin accelerated the G1-S cell cycle progression of UCM-MSC and significantly stimulated their proliferation and growth in SFM. The pro-proliferative action of insulin was associated with augmented cyclin D1 and phosphorylated Akt expression levels. Akt inactivation remarkably abrogated insulin-induced increases in cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation, indicating that insulin enhances the proliferation of UCM-MSC via acceleration of the G1-S transition mediated by the Akt-cyclin D1 pathway. Additionally, the UCM-MSC propagated in SFM supplemented with insulin exhibited similar specific surface antigen profiles and differentiation capacities as those generated in conventional media containing fetal bovine serum. Conclusions. These findings suggest that insulin acts solely to promote UCM-MSC proliferation without affecting their immunophenotype and differentiation potentials and thus have important implications for utilizing insulin to expand clinical-grade MSC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- 1Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinsong Wei
- 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- 1Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hao Lin
- 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Rui Huang
- 1Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanru Niu
- 3Laboratory Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kyu Lim
- 4Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaipeng Jing
- 1Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- 3Laboratory Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Kaipeng Jing: and
| | - Jiaqi Chu
- 1Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- 2Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Jiaqi Chu:
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Xiong CJ, Li PF, Song YL, Xue LX, Jia ZQ, Yao CX, Wei QX, Zhang SF, Zhang SF, Zhang YY, Zhao JM, Wang TQ, Guo MF, Zang MX. Insulin induces C2C12 cell proliferation and apoptosis through regulation of cyclin D1 and BAD expression. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:2708-17. [PMID: 23794242 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a secreted peptide hormone identified in human pancreas to promote glucose utilization. Insulin has been observed to induce cell proliferation and myogenesis in C2C12 cells. The precise mechanisms underlying the proliferation of C2C12 cells induced by insulin remain unclear. In this study, we observed for the first time that 10 nM insulin treatment promotes C2C12 cell proliferation. Additionally, 50 and 100 nM insulin treatment induces C2C12 cell apoptosis. By utilizing real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis, we found that the mRNA levels of cyclinD1 and BAD are induced upon 10 and 50 nM/100 nM insulin treatment, respectively. The similar results were observed in C2C12 cells expressing GATA-6 or PPARα. Our results identify for the first time the downstream targets of insulin, cyclin D1, and BAD, elucidate a new molecular mechanism of insulin in promoting cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Juan Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, 450001, China
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Ottanà R, Maccari R, Mortier J, Caselli A, Amuso S, Camici G, Rotondo A, Wolber G, Paoli P. Synthesis, biological activity and structure–activity relationships of new benzoic acid-based protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors endowed with insulinomimetic effects in mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 71:112-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Li WY, Song YL, Xiong CJ, Lu PQ, Xue LX, Yao CX, Wang WP, Zhang SF, Zhang SF, Wei QX, Zhang YY, Zhao JM, Zang MX. Insulin induces proliferation and cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Dev Growth Differ 2013; 55:676-86. [PMID: 24020834 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas. The roles of insulin in energy metabolism have been well studied, with most of the attention focused on glucose utilization, but the roles of insulin in cell proliferation and differentiation remain unclear. In this study, we observed for the first time that 10 nmol/L insulin treatment induces cell proliferation and cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells, whereas 50 and 100 nmol/L insulin treatment induces P19CL6 cell apoptosis and blocks cardiac differentiation of P19CL6 cells. By using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting analysis, we found that the mRNA levels of cyclin D1 and α myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) are induced upon 10 nmol/L insulin stimulation and inhibited upon 50/100 nmol/L insulin treatment, whereas the mRNA levels of BCL-2-antagonist of cell death (BAD) exists a reverse trend. The similar results were observed in P19CL6 cells expressing GATA-6 or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Our results identified the downstream targets of insulin, cyclin D1, BAD, α-MHC, and GATA-4, elucidate a novel molecular mechanism of insulin in promoting cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
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8
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Cao Y, Evans SC, Soans E, Malki A, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen X. Insulin receptor signaling activated by penta-O-galloyl-α-d-glucopyranose induces p53 and apoptosis in cancer cells. Apoptosis 2011; 16:902-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-011-0614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Nincheri P, Bernacchioni C, Cencetti F, Donati C, Bruni P. Sphingosine kinase-1/S1P1 signalling axis negatively regulates mitogenic response elicited by PDGF in mouse myoblasts. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1688-99. [PMID: 20600848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PDGF is known to be critically implicated in skeletal muscle repair; however its molecular mechanism of action has been only marginally investigated. In this study we show that in mouse myoblasts PDGF transactivates S1P(1) receptor via sphingosine kinase (SK)-1 activation and that this molecular event exerts a negative regulation of the mitogenic effect elicited by this growth factor. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of S1P(1), or its specific silencing increased PDGF-dependent cell proliferation, whereas S1P(1) overexpression diminished the biological effect. Moreover, the mitogenic response to PDGF was enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of SK activity as well as specific silencing of SK1 but not SK2. Furthermore, ERK1/2 signalling pathway was found to be upstream of the observed attenuation of PDGF-induced cell proliferation. Interestingly, PDGF-directed engagement of S1P(1) exerted also a positive modulatory action of the growth factor-dependent cell motility. The here highlighted dual role of S1P(1)-mediated signalling in response to myoblast challenge with PDGF is likely important to guarantee the fine control of the biological response to this growth factor, finalized to efficient repopulation of skeletal muscle after damage, where a tight balance between proliferation and migration of tissue progenitor cells is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nincheri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Universita; di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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10
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King CC, Bouic K, Friedmann T. A fractionation method to identify qauntitative changes in protein expression mediated by IGF-1 on the proteome of murine C2C12 myoblasts. Proteome Sci 2009; 7:28. [PMID: 19664293 PMCID: PMC2732595 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-7-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much is known about signal transduction downstream of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), relatively little is known about the global changes in protein expression induced by this hormone. In this study, the acute effects of IGF-1 on the proteome of murine C2C12 cells were examined. Cells were treated with IGF-1 for up to 24 hours, lysed, and fractionated into cytosolic, nuclear, and insoluble portions. Proteins from the cytosolic fraction were further separated using a new batch ion-exchange chromatography method to reduce sample complexity, followed by two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, and identification of selected proteins by mass spectrometry. PDQuest software was utilized to identify and catalogue temporal changes in protein expression during IGF-1 stimulation. In response to IGF-1 stimulation, expression of 23 proteins increased at least three-fold and expression of 17 proteins decreased at least three-fold compared with control un-stimulated C2C12 cells. Changes in expression of selected proteins from each group, including Rho-GDI, cofillin, RAD50, enolase, IκB kinase b (IκBKb) and Hsp70 were confirmed by Western blotting. Additionally, the position of 136 'landmark' proteins whose expression levels and physicochemical properties did not change appreciably or consistently during IGF-1 treatment were mapped and identified. This characterization of large-scale changes in protein expression in response to growth factor stimulation of C2C12 cells will further help to establish a comprehensive understanding of the networks and pathways involved in the action of IGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C King
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Muralidharan-Chari V, Hoover H, Clancy J, Schweitzer J, Suckow MA, Schroeder V, Castellino FJ, Schorey JS, D'Souza-Schorey C. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulates tumorigenic and invasive properties in vivo. Cancer Res 2009; 69:2201-9. [PMID: 19276388 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that the small GTP-binding protein ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is an important regulator of tumor growth and metastasis. Using spontaneous melanoma tumor growth assays and experimental metastasis assays in nude mice, we show that sustained activation of ARF6 reduces tumor mass growth but significantly enhances the invasive capacity of tumor cells. In contrast, mice injected with tumor cells expressing a dominantly inhibitory ARF6 mutant exhibited a lower incidence and degree of invasion and lung metastasis compared with control animals. Effects on tumor growth correlate with reduced cell proliferation capacity and are linked at least in part to alterations in mitotic progression induced by defective ARF6 cycling. Furthermore, phospho-ERK levels in subcultured cells from ARF6(GTP) and ARF6(GDP) tumor explants correlate with invasive capacity. ARF6-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling leads to Rac1 activation to promote invadopodia formation and cell invasion. These findings document an intricate role for ARF6 and the regulation of ERK activation in orchestrating mechanisms underlying melanoma growth, invasion, and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandhana Muralidharan-Chari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Freimann Life Science Center, and W.M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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12
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Zhuang D, Pu Q, Ceacareanu B, Chang Y, Dixit M, Hassid A. Chronic insulin treatment amplifies PDGF-induced motility in differentiated aortic smooth muscle cells by suppressing the expression and function of PTP1B. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H163-73. [PMID: 18456732 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01105.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia plays a major role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Restenosis occurs at an accelerated rate in hyperinsulinemia and is dependent on increased vascular smooth muscle cell movement from media to neointima. PDGF plays a critical role in mediating neointima formation in models of vascular injury. We have reported that PDGF increases the levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B and that PTP1B suppresses PDGF-induced motility in cultured cells and that it attenuates neointima formation in injured carotid arteries. Others have reported that insulin enhances the mitogenic and motogenic effects of PDGF in cultured smooth muscle cells and that hyperinsulinemia promotes vascular remodeling. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that insulin amplifies PDGF-induced cell motility by suppressing the expression and function of PTP1B. We found that chronic but not acute treatment of cells with insulin enhances PDGF-induced motility in differentiated cultured primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells and that it suppresses PDGF-induced upregulation of PTP1B protein. Moreover, insulin suppresses PDGF-induced upregulation of PTP1B mRNA levels, PTP1B enzyme activity, and binding of PTP1B to the PDGF receptor-beta, and it enhances PDGF-induced PDGF receptor phosphotyrosylation. Treatment with insulin induces time-dependent upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)-delta and activation of Akt, an enzyme downstream of PI3-kinase. Finally, inhibition of PI3-kinase activity, or its function, by pharmacological or genetic means rescues PTP1B activity in insulin-treated cells. These observations uncover novel mechanisms that explain how insulin amplifies the motogenic capacity of the pivotal growth factor PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zhuang
- Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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13
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Wildemann B, Burkhardt N, Luebberstedt M, Vordemvenne T, Schmidmaier G. Proliferating and differentiating effects of three different growth factors on pluripotent mesenchymal cells and osteoblast like cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2007; 2:27. [PMID: 18093345 PMCID: PMC2234398 DOI: 10.1186/1749-799x-2-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors are in clinical use to stimulate bone growth and regeneration. BMP-2 is used in long bone and spinal surgery, PDGFbb for the treatment of periodontal defects and children with growth hormone receptor deficiency are treated with IGF-I. Aim of the present study was the comparative analysis of the effect of these growth factors released from a local drug delivery system on cells of the osteogenic lineage at differing differentiation stages. The experiments with the mesenchymal cell line C2C12 revealed a proliferating effect of all three growth factors and a differentiating effect of BMP-2 with a dramatic increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. None of the growth factors stimulated cell migration. Human osteoblast like cells showed similar results with an increase in proliferation after stimulation with IGF-I or PDGFbb. The enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase was enhanced only in the cells stimulated with BMP-2. This group showed also more mineralized matrix compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the growth factors IGF-I and PDGFbb delivered with a local drug delivery system stimulated cell proliferation, whereas BMP-2 showed a dramatic effect on differentiation on osteoblast precursor cells and osteoblast like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Wildemann
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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