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Giri H, Dixit M. Determination of Endothelial Barrier Resistance by Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) System. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:47-62. [PMID: 37776448 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels play an indispensable role in vascular homeostasis. Apart from regulating vessel tone and forming an anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic surface, the dynamic endothelial barrier controls transport of solutes and fluid in and out of tissues at the capillary bed. Transit of circulating leukocytes into and out of circulation during inflammation and tissue repair is also regulated by the endothelium. Dysregulation of this barrier function of endothelial cells is a hallmark feature of multiple diseases and conditions such as sepsis, cancer metastasis, and edema. In this chapter we describe a detailed methodology to perform an in vitro experiment to monitor changes in barrier properties of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in real time, in response to thrombin with electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) biosensor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Giri
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology , Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
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2
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Chandel S, Kumaragurubaran R, Giri H, Dixit M. Isolation and Culture of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2711:147-162. [PMID: 37776455 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3429-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes a simple and an economical method for isolation of endothelial cells from human umbilical vein. Umbilical cord is easily available postpartum following informed consent, and the method for its collection is noninvasive with few ethical concerns. Thus, umbilical vein is an ideal source for isolation of endothelial cells of human origin. Endothelial cells are isolated from umbilical vein by collagenase digestion. This is followed by their culture on extracellular matrix (ECM) protein coated tissue culture flasks in presence of endothelial cell growth medium. In the last few decades, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have come to be regarded as a standard model system by vascular biologists to understand general principles of endothelial cell biology and dysfunction. Here, we describe isolation, culture, as well as validation of HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Chandel
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai, India
| | - Rathnakumar Kumaragurubaran
- Single Cell Genomics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre , University of Cincinnati School of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hemant Giri
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation , Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai, India.
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3
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Mallu ACT, Sivagurunathan S, Paul D, Aggarwal H, Nathan AA, Manikandan A, Ravi MM, Boppana R, Jagavelu K, Santra MK, Dixit M. Feeding enhances fibronectin adherence of quiescent lymphocytes through non-canonical insulin signalling. Immunology 2023; 170:60-82. [PMID: 37185810 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional availability during fasting and refeeding affects the temporal redistribution of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells among the circulating and tissue-resident pools. Conversely, nutritional imbalance and impaired glucose metabolism are associated with chronic inflammation, aberrant immunity and anomalous leukocyte trafficking. Despite being exposed to periodic alterations in blood insulin levels upon fasting and feeding, studies exploring the physiological effects of these hormonal changes on quiescent immune cell function and trafficking are scanty. Here, we report that oral glucose load in mice and healthy men enhances the adherence of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lymphocytes to fibronectin. Adherence to fibronectin is also observed upon regular intake of breakfast following overnight fasting in healthy subjects. This glucose load-induced phenomenon is abrogated in streptozotocin-injected mice that lack insulin. Intra-vital microscopy in mice demonstrated that oral glucose feeding enhances the homing of PBMCs to injured blood vessels in vivo. Furthermore, employing flow cytometry, Western blotting and adhesion assays for PBMCs and Jurkat-T cells, we elucidate that insulin enhances fibronectin adherence of quiescent lymphocytes through non-canonical signalling involving insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autophosphorylation, phospholipase C gamma-1 (PLCγ-1) Tyr783 phosphorylation and inside-out activation of β-integrins respectively. Our findings uncover the physiological relevance of post-prandial insulin spikes in regulating the adherence and trafficking of circulating quiescent T-cells through fibronectin-integrin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Charan Tej Mallu
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sivapriya Sivagurunathan
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Abel Arul Nathan
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Amrutha Manikandan
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mahalakshmi M Ravi
- Institute Hospital, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ramanamurthy Boppana
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | | | - Manas Kumar Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Manikandan A, T S S, Manoj N, Vemparala S, Dixit M. In-silico identification of Tyr232 in AMPKα2 as a dephosphorylation site for the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST. Proteins 2023; 91:831-846. [PMID: 36645312 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to be activated by the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTP-PEST) under hypoxic conditions. This activation is mediated by tyrosine dephosphorylation of the AMPKα subunit. However, the identity of the phosphotyrosine residues that PTP-PEST dephosphorylates remains unknown. In this study, we first predicted the structure of the complex of the AMPKα2 subunit and PTP-PEST catalytic domain using bioinformatics tools and further confirmed the stability of the complex using molecular dynamics simulations. Evaluation of the protein-protein interfaces indicated that residue Tyr232 is the most likely dephosphorylation site on AMPKα2. In addition, we explored the effect of phosphorylation of PTP-PEST residue Tyr64 on the stability of the complex. Phosphorylation of the highly conserved Tyr64, an interface residue, enhances the stability of the complex via the rearrangement of a network of electrostatic interactions in conjunction with conformational changes in the catalytic WPD loop. We generated a phosphomimetic (PTP-PEST-Y64D) mutant and used co-immunoprecipitation to study the effect of PTP-PEST phosphorylation on AMPKα2 binding. The mutant exhibited an increased affinity for AMPKα2 and corroborated the in-silico predictions. Together, our findings present a plausible structural basis of AMPK regulation by PTP-PEST and show how phosphorylation of PTP-PEST affects its interaction with AMPKα2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sreevidya T S
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Narayanan Manoj
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satyavani Vemparala
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Tiwari R, Chandel S, Dixit M. Role of tyrosine phosphatase PTP pest in shear stress induced endothelial function. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Chandel S, Manikandan A, Mehta N, Nathan AA, Tiwari RK, Mohapatra SB, Chandran M, Jaleel A, Manoj N, Dixit M. The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST mediates hypoxia-induced endothelial autophagy and angiogenesis via AMPK activation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs250274. [PMID: 33323505 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Global and endothelial loss of PTP-PEST (also known as PTPN12) is associated with impaired cardiovascular development and embryonic lethality. Although hypoxia is implicated in vascular remodelling and angiogenesis, its effect on PTP-PEST remains unexplored. Here we report that hypoxia (1% oxygen) increases protein levels and catalytic activity of PTP-PEST in primary endothelial cells. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry revealed that α subunits of AMPK (α1 and α2, encoded by PRKAA1 and PRKAA2, respectively) interact with PTP-PEST under normoxia but not in hypoxia. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed this observation and determined that AMPK α subunits interact with the catalytic domain of PTP-PEST. Knockdown of PTP-PEST abrogated hypoxia-mediated tyrosine dephosphorylation and activation of AMPK (Thr172 phosphorylation). Absence of PTP-PEST also blocked hypoxia-induced autophagy (LC3 degradation and puncta formation), which was rescued by the AMPK activator metformin (500 µM). Because endothelial autophagy is a prerequisite for angiogenesis, knockdown of PTP-PEST also attenuated endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation, with autophagy inducer rapamycin (200 nM) rescuing angiogenesis. In conclusion, this work identifies for the first time that PTP-PEST is a regulator of hypoxia-induced AMPK activation and endothelial autophagy to promote angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Amrutha Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Nikunj Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Abel Arul Nathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Samar Bhallabha Mohapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Mahesh Chandran
- Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thyacaud Post, Thiruvananthpuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thyacaud Post, Thiruvananthpuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Narayanan Manoj
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
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Nandi S, Nathan A, Potunuru U, Gopal J, Thangaraj P, Dixit M. Altered kinetics of circulating vascular progenitors in patients with cardio-pulmonary bypass associated vasoplegia. Atherosclerosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nandi S, Potunuru UR, Kumari C, Nathan AA, Gopal J, Menon GI, Siddharthan R, Dixit M, Thangaraj PR. Altered kinetics of circulating progenitor cells in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) associated vasoplegic patients: A pilot study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242375. [PMID: 33211740 PMCID: PMC7676651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoplegia observed post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with substantial morbidity, multiple organ failure and mortality. Circulating counts of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are potential markers of neo-vascularization and vascular repair. However, the significance of changes in the circulating levels of these progenitors in perioperative CPB, and their association with post-CPB vasoplegia, are currently unexplored. We enumerated HSC and EPC counts, via flow cytometry, at different time-points during CPB in 19 individuals who underwent elective cardiac surgery. These 19 individuals were categorized into two groups based on severity of post-operative vasoplegia, a clinically insignificant vasoplegic Group 1 (G1) and a clinically significant vasoplegic Group 2 (G2). Differential changes in progenitor cell counts during different stages of surgery were compared across these two groups. Machine-learning classifiers (logistic regression and gradient boosting) were employed to determine if differential changes in progenitor counts could aid the classification of individuals into these groups. Enumerating progenitor cells revealed an early and significant increase in the circulating counts of CD34+ and CD34+CD133+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in G1 individuals, while these counts were attenuated in G2 individuals. Additionally, EPCs (CD34+VEGFR2+) were lower in G2 individuals compared to G1. Gradient boosting outperformed logistic regression in assessing the vasoplegia grouping based on the fold change in circulating CD 34+ levels. Our findings indicate that a lack of early response of CD34+ cells and CD34+CD133+ HSCs might serve as an early marker for development of clinically significant vasoplegia after CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanhita Nandi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Uma Rani Potunuru
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | | | - Abel Arul Nathan
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Jayashree Gopal
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: (JG); (MD); (PRT)
| | - Gautam I. Menon
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (HBNI), Chennai, India
- Departments of Physics and Biology, Ashoka University, Sonepat, India
| | | | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: (JG); (MD); (PRT)
| | - Paul Ramesh Thangaraj
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail: (JG); (MD); (PRT)
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Mallu ACT, Vasudevan M, Allanki S, Nathan AA, Ravi MM, Ramanathan GS, Pradeepa R, Mohan V, Dixit M. Prediabetes uncovers differential gene expression at fasting and in response to oral glucose load in immune cells. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1247-1259. [PMID: 32863060 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Metabolic disorders including diabetes are associated with immune cell dysfunction. However, the effect of normal glucose metabolism or impairment thereof on immune cell gene expression is not well known. Hence, in this cross-sectional pilot study, we sought to determine the differences in gene expression in the peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) of normal glucose tolerant (NGT) and prediabetic (PD) Asian Indian men, at fasting and in response to 75 g oral glucose load. METHODS Illumina HT12 bead chip-based microarray was performed on PBMCs at fasting and 2-h post load conditions for NGT (N = 6) and PD (N = 9) subjects. Following normalization and due quality control of the raw data, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under different conditions within and across the two groups were identified using GeneSpring GX V12.0 software. Paired and unpaired Student's t-tests were applied along with fold change cut-offs for appropriate comparisons. Validation of the microarray data was carried out through real-time qPCR analysis. Significantly regulated biological pathways were analyzed by employing DEGs and DAVID resource. Deconvolution of the DEGs between NGT and PD subjects at fasting was performed using CIBERSORT and genes involved in regulatory T-cell (Treg) function were further analyzed for biological significance. RESULTS Glucose load specifically altered the expression of 112 genes in NGT and 356 genes in PD subjects. Biological significance analysis revealed transient up-regulation of innate and adaptive immune response related genes following oral glucose load in NGT individuals, which was not observed in PD subjects. Instead, in the PD group, glucose load led to an increase in the expression of pro-atherogenic and anti-angiogenic genes. Comparison of gene expression at fasting state in PD versus NGT revealed 21,707 differentially expressed genes. Biological significance analysis of the immune function related genes between these two groups (at fasting) revealed higher gene expression of members of the TLR signaling, MHC class II molecules, and T-cell receptor, chemotaxis and adhesion pathways in PD subjects. Expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and TNFα was higher and that of type-1 interferons and TGF-β was lower at fasting state in PD subjects compared to NGT. Additionally, expression of multiple proteasome subunits and protein arginine methyl transferase genes (PRMTs) were higher and that of Treg specific genes was significantly distinct at fasting in PD subjects compared to NGT. CONCLUSION Prediabetes uncovers constitutive TLR activation, enhanced IFN-γ signaling, and Treg dysfunction at fasting along with altered gene expression response to oral glucose load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Charan Tej Mallu
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Srinivas Allanki
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Abel Arul Nathan
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mahalakshmi M Ravi
- Institute Hospital, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
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Potunuru UR, Priya KV, Varsha MS, Mehta N, Chandel S, Manoj N, Raman T, Ramar M, Gromiha MM, Dixit M. Amarogentin, a secoiridoid glycoside, activates AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK) to exert beneficial vasculo-metabolic effects. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1270-1282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Karunya R, Jayaprakash KS, Gaikwad R, Sajeesh P, Ramshad K, Muraleedharan KM, Dixit M, Thangaraj PR, Sen AK. Rapid measurement of hydrogen sulphide in human blood plasma using a microfluidic method. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3258. [PMID: 30824728 PMCID: PMC6397262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39389-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is emerging as an important gasotransmitter in both physiological and pathological states. Rapid measurement of H2S remains a challenge. We report a microfluidic method for rapid measurement of sulphide in blood plasma using Dansyl-Azide, a fluorescence (FL) based probe. We have measured known quantities of externally added (exogenous) H2S to both buffer and human blood plasma. Surprisingly, a decrease in FL intensity with increase in exogenous sulphide concentration in plasma was observed which is attributed to the interaction between the proteins and sulphide present in plasma underpinning our observation. The effects of mixing and incubation time, pH, and dilution of plasma on the FL intensity is studied which revealed that the FL assay required a mixing time of 2 min, incubation time of 5 min, a pH of 7.1 and performing the test within 10 min of sampling; these together constitute the optimal parameters at room temperature. A linear correlation (with R2 ≥ 0.95) and an excellent match was obtained when a comparison was done between the proposed microfluidic and conventional spectrofluorometric methods for known concentrations of H2S (range 0–100 µM). We have measured the baseline level of endogenous H2S in healthy volunteers which was found to lie in the range of 70 μM – 125 μM. The proposed microfluidic device with DNS-Az probe enables rapid and accurate estimation of a key gasotransmitter H2S in plasma in conditions closely mimicking real time clinical setting. The availability of this device as at the point of care, will help in understanding the role of H2S in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karunya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - K S Jayaprakash
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - R Gaikwad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - P Sajeesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - K Ramshad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - K M Muraleedharan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - M Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - P R Thangaraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Apollo Hospital, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - A K Sen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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Ramachandran B, Chakraborty S, Kannan R, Dixit M, Muthuvijayan V. Immobilization of hyaluronic acid from Lactococcus lactis on polyethylene terephthalate for improved biocompatibility and drug release. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Narayani M, Sai Varsha MKN, Potunuru UR, Sofi Beaula W, Rayala SK, Dixit M, Chadha A, Srivastava S. Production of bioactive cyclotides in somatic embryos of Viola odorata. Phytochemistry 2018; 156:135-141. [PMID: 30292877 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Viola odorata L. (Violaceae), an Indian medicinal plant, contains a plethora of cyclotides, which are a class of cyclic peptides derived from plants, possessing several applications. Somatic embryo culture of V. odorata was developed, via indirect somatic embryogenesis, to serve as an alternative to natural plant biomass for sustainable and continuous production of its bioactive ingredients, such as cyclotides. Among the various combinations of phytohormones tested, Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg/l thidiazuron gave rise to the maximum frequency of induction (86.7%) and a high number of somatic embryos (3) from an embryogenic callus. Identification and characterization of cyclotides in the somatic embryos were carried out using a Fourier transform mass spectrometer coupled with liquid chromatography (LC-FTMS). Among the cyclotides identified in the study, few were found to be exclusively present in the somatic embryo culture. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the cyclotides was higher in somatic embryo extract than in the natural plant extract. The biological activities (cytotoxic, haemolytic and antimicrobial) of the somatic embryos and the parent plant were compared. Unlike the natural plants, the somatic embryo extracts demonstrated specificity i.e. they were found to be potent against cancerous cells but not against non-cancerous cell line or red blood cells. In contrast to the plant extract, the somatic embryos extracts were found to be potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These results suggest that somatic embryos of V. odorata (rich in cyclotides) can be used as an alternative to plant biomass for its therapeutic applications and germplasm conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Narayani
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - M K N Sai Varsha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - Uma Rani Potunuru
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - W Sofi Beaula
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Rayala
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - Anju Chadha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
| | - Smita Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India.
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Abstract
By means of computer simulations and kinetic rate equations, we study the formation of a film of rod-like particles which are deposited on a substrate. The rod-rod interactions are hard with a short-range attraction of variable strength and width, and the rod-substrate interactions favor lying rods with a variable strength. For a rod aspect ratio of 5 and deposition of up to an equivalent of one monolayer of standing rods, we demonstrate a rich variety of growth modes upon variation of the three interaction parameters. We formulate rate equations for the time evolution of densities of islands composed of standing, lying, and mixed rods. Input parameters such as diffusion constants, island capture numbers, and rod reorientation free energies are extracted from simulations, while rod reorientation attempt frequencies remain as free parameters. Numerical solutions of the rate equations in a simple truncation show rough qualitative agreement with the simulations for the early stage of film growth but an extension to later stages requires to go significantly beyond this simple truncation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dixit
- Université du Luxembourg, Theory of Soft Condensed Matter, Physics and Materials Sciences Research Unit, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - T Schilling
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Oettel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Chakraborty S, Ponrasu T, Chandel S, Dixit M, Muthuvijayan V. Reduced graphene oxide-loaded nanocomposite scaffolds for enhancing angiogenesis in tissue engineering applications. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:172017. [PMID: 29892387 PMCID: PMC5990794 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering combines cells, scaffolds and signalling molecules to synthesize tissues in vitro. However, the lack of a functioning vascular network severely limits the effective size of a tissue-engineered construct. In this work, we have assessed the potential of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a non-protein pro-angiogenic moiety, for enhancing angiogenesis in tissue engineering applications. Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) scaffolds loaded with different concentrations of rGO nanoparticles were synthesized via lyophilization. Characterization of these scaffolds showed that the rGO-loaded scaffolds retained the thermal and physical properties (swelling, porosity and in vitro biodegradation) of pure PVA/CMC scaffolds. In vitro cytotoxicity studies, using three different cell lines, confirmed that the scaffolds are biocompatible. The scaffolds containing 0.005 and 0.0075% rGO enhanced the proliferation of endothelial cells (EA.hy926) in vitro. In vivo studies using the chick chorioallantoic membrane model showed that the presence of rGO in the PVA/CMC scaffolds significantly enhanced angiogenesis and arteriogenesis.
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16
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Ramachandran B, Chakraborty S, Dixit M, Muthuvijayan V. A comparative study of polyethylene terephthalate surface carboxylation techniques: Characterization, in vitro haemocompatibility and endothelialization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Raj A, Dixit M, Doble M, Sen AK. A combined experimental and theoretical approach towards mechanophenotyping of biological cells using a constricted microchannel. Lab Chip 2017; 17:3704-3716. [PMID: 28983550 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00599g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and theoretical technique that enables the characterization of various mechanical properties of biological cells. The cells were infused into a microfluidic device that comprises multiple parallel micro-constrictions to eliminate device clogging and facilitate characterization of cells of different sizes and types on a single device. The extension ratio λ and transit velocity Uc of the cells were measured using high-speed and high-resolution imaging which were then used in a theoretical model to predict the Young's modulus Ec = f(λ, Uc) of the cells. The predicted Young's modulus Ec values for three different cell lines (182 ± 34.74 Pa for MDA MB 231, 360 ± 75 Pa for MCF 10A and, 763 ± 93 Pa for HeLa) compare well with those reported in the literature from micropipette measurements and atomic force microscopy measurement within 10% and 15%, respectively. Also, the Young's modulus of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 50 μM 4-hyrdroxyacetophenone (for localization of myosin II) for 30 min was found out to be 260 ± 52 Pa. The entry time te of cells into the micro-constrictions was predicted using the model and validated using experimentally measured data. The entry and transit behaviors of cells in the micro-constriction including cell deformation (extension ratio λ) and velocity Uc were experimentally measured and used to predict various cell properties such as the Young's modulus, cytoplasmic viscosity and induced hydrodynamic resistance of different types of cells. The proposed combined experimental and theoretical approach leads to a new paradigm for mechanophenotyping of biological cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
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18
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Nathan AA, Dixit M, Babu S, Balakrishnan AS. Comparison and functional characterisation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from filarial lymphoedema and endemic normals of a South Indian population. Trop Med Int Health 2017; 22:1414-1427. [PMID: 28869696 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The underlying problem in lymphatic filariasis is irreversible swelling of the limbs (lymphoedema), which is a unique feature of lymphatic insufficiency. It is still unclear whether the natural ability of lymphatics to form functional lymphatic vasculature is achieved or attenuated in the lymphoedemal pathology. Clinical studies have clearly shown that circulating lymphatic progenitors (CLPs), a subset of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (PBMCs), contribute to post-natal lymph vasculogenesis. CLP-based revascularisation could be a promising strategy to bypass the endothelial disruption and damage incurred by the filarial parasites. Thus our aim was to compare and characterise the functional prowess of PBMCs in physiological and lymphoedemal pathology. METHODS PBMCs were isolated from venous blood sample from drug-naive endemic normals (EN) and drug-deprived filarial lymphoedema (FL) individuals using density gradient centrifugation. Adhesion, transwell migration and in vitro matrigel assays were employed to characterise the lymphvasculogenic potential of PBMCs. CLPs were phenotypically characterised using flow cytometry; expression levels of lymphatic markers and inflammatory cytokines were quantified using qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS PBMCs from FL group display poor adherence to fibronectin (P = 0.040), reduced migration towards SDF-1α (P = 0.035), impaired tubular network (P = 0.004) and branching point (P = 0.048) formation. The PBMC mRNA expression of VEGFR3 (P = 0.039) and podoplanin (P = 0.050) was elevated, whereas integrin α9 (P = 0.046) was inhibited in FL individuals; additionally, the surface expression of CD34 (P = 0.048) was significantly reduced in the FL group compared to the EN group. CONCLUSION PBMCs from filarial lymphoedema show defective and dysregulated lymphvasculogenic function compared to endemic normals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Arul Nathan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat Joyti Metha School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- NIH-ICER, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Anand Setty Balakrishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
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Dixit M, Singh KB, Prakash R, Singh D. Functional block of IL-17 cytokine promotes bone healing by augmenting FOXO1 and ATF4 activity in cortical bone defect model. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2207-2220. [PMID: 28341898 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We determine the effect of interleukin (IL)-17 neutralizing antibody on new bone regeneration. Anti-IL-17 antibody promoted new bone regeneration in cortical bone defect model by augmenting FOXO1 and ATF4 activity thereby decreasing oxidative stress. Our study demonstrates the bone healing and regeneration potential of neutralizing IL-17antibody in osteoporotic fractures. INTRODUCTION The immune system plays important role in the fracture healing process. However, fracture healing is prolonged in disorders associated with systemic inflammation. Fracture healing is decelerated in osteoporosis, condition linked with systemic inflammation. Bone regeneration therapies like recombinant human BMP2 are associated with serious side effects. Studies have been carried out where agents like denosumab and infliximab enhance bone regeneration in osteoporotic conditions. Our previous studies show the osteoprotective and immunoprotective effects of neutralizing IL-17 antibody. Here, we determine the effect of IL-17 neutralizing antibody on new bone regeneration and compare its efficacy with known osteoporotic therapies. METHODS For the study, female BALB/c mice were ovariectomized or sham operated and left for a month followed by a 0.6-mm drill-hole injury in femur mid-diaphysis. The treatment was commenced next day onwards with anti-IL-17, anti-RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or alendronate for a period of 3, 10, or 21 days. Animals were then autopsied, and femur bones were dissected out for micro-CT scanning, confocal microscopy, and gene and protein expression studies. RESULTS Micro-CT analysis showed that anti-IL-17 antibody promoted bone healing at days 10 and 21, and the healing effect observed was significantly better than Ovx, anti-RANKL antibody, and ALN, and equal to PTH. Anti-IL-17 also enhanced new bone regeneration as assessed by calcein-labeling studies. Additionally, anti-IL-17 therapy enhanced expression of osteogenic markers and decreased oxidative stress at the injury site. CONCLUSION Overall, our study demonstrates bone healing and regeneration potential of neutralizing IL-17 antibody in osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - K B Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - R Prakash
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - D Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India.
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20
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Kowshik J, Mishra R, Sophia J, Rautray S, Anbarasu K, Reddy GD, Dixit M, Mahalingam S, Nagini S. Nimbolide upregulates RECK by targeting miR-21 and HIF-1α in cell lines and in a hamster oral carcinogenesis model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2045. [PMID: 28515436 PMCID: PMC5435722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK), a potent inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a common negative target of oncogenic signals and a potential therapeutic target for novel drug development. Here, we show that sequential RECKlessness stimulates angiogenesis and Notch signalling in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis model, a paradigm for oral oncogenesis and chemointervention. We also report the chemotherapeutic effect of nimbolide, a limonoid from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) based on the upregulation of RECK as well as modulation of the expression of key molecules involved in invasion and angiogenesis. We demonstrate that nimbolide upregulates RECK by targeting miR-21, and HIF-1α resulting in reduced MMP activity and blockade of VEGF and Notch signalling. Nimbolide reduced microvascular density, confirming its anti-angiogenic potential. Molecular docking analysis revealed interaction of nimbolide with HIF-1α. Additionally, we demonstrate that nimbolide upregulates RECK expression via downregulation of HIF-1α and miR-21 by overexpression and knockdown experiments in SCC4 and EAhy926 cell lines. Taken together, these findings provide compelling evidence that targeting RECK, a keystone protein that regulates mediators of invasion and angiogenesis with phytochemicals such as nimbolide may be a robust therapeutic approach to prevent oral cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganathan Kowshik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ratu-Lohardaga Road, Brambe, Ranchi, 835205, Jharkhand, India
| | - Josephraj Sophia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satabdi Rautray
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaraswamy Anbarasu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Deepak Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Division, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundarasamy Mahalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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21
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Allanki S, Dixit M, Thangaraj P, Sinha NK. Analysis and modelling of septic shock microarray data using Singular Value Decomposition. J Biomed Inform 2017; 70:77-84. [PMID: 28499953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Being a high throughput technique, enormous amounts of microarray data has been generated and there arises a need for more efficient techniques of analysis, in terms of speed and accuracy. Finding the differentially expressed genes based on just fold change and p-value might not extract all the vital biological signals that occur at a lower gene expression level. Besides this, numerous mathematical models have been generated to predict the clinical outcome from microarray data, while very few, if not none, aim at predicting the vital genes that are important in a disease progression. Such models help a basic researcher narrow down and concentrate on a promising set of genes which leads to the discovery of gene-based therapies. In this article, as a first objective, we have used the lesser known and used Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique to build a microarray data analysis tool that works with gene expression patterns and intrinsic structure of the data in an unsupervised manner. We have re-analysed a microarray data over the clinical course of Septic shock from Cazalis et al. (2014) and have shown that our proposed analysis provides additional information compared to the conventional method. As a second objective, we developed a novel mathematical model that predicts a set of vital genes in the disease progression that works by generating samples in the continuum between health and disease, using a simple normal-distribution-based random number generator. We also verify that most of the predicted genes are indeed related to septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Allanki
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Paul Thangaraj
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Apollo Hospital, Chennai 600 006, India
| | - Nandan Kumar Sinha
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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22
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Klopotek M, Hansen-Goos H, Dixit M, Schilling T, Schreiber F, Oettel M. Monolayers of hard rods on planar substrates. II. Growth. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:084903. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4976308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Klopotek
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - H. Hansen-Goos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Dixit
- Theory of Soft Condensed Matter, Physics and Materials Sciences Research Unit, Université du Luxembourg L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - T. Schilling
- Theory of Soft Condensed Matter, Physics and Materials Sciences Research Unit, Université du Luxembourg L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - F. Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Oettel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Oettel M, Klopotek M, Dixit M, Empting E, Schilling T, Hansen–Goos H. Monolayers of hard rods on planar substrates. I. Equilibrium. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:074902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Oettel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Klopotek
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - M. Dixit
- Theory of Soft Condensed Matter, Physics and Materials Sciences Research Unit, Université du Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - E. Empting
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - T. Schilling
- Theory of Soft Condensed Matter, Physics and Materials Sciences Research Unit, Université du Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - H. Hansen–Goos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, D–72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Venugopalan A, Potunuru UR, Dixit M, Srivastava S. Reprint of: Effect of fermentation parameters, elicitors and precursors on camptothecin production from the endophyte Fusarium solani. Bioresour Technol 2016; 213:311-318. [PMID: 27189536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric productivity of camptothecin from the suspension culture of the endophyte Fusarium solani was enhanced up to ∼152 fold (from 0.19μgl(-1)d(-1) to 28.9μgl(-1)d(-1)) under optimized fermentation conditions including initial pH (6.0), temperature (32°C) and agitation speed (80rpm) with (5% (v/v)) ethanol as medium component. Among various elicitors and precursors studied, tryptamine (0.5mM) as precursor and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (0.075mM) as an elicitor added on day 6 of the cultivation period resulted in maximum enhancement of camptothecin concentration (up to 4.5 and 3.4-fold, respectively). These leads provide immense scope for further enhancement in camptothecin productivity at bioreactor level. The cytotoxicity analysis of the crude camptothecin extract from the fungal biomass revealed its high effectiveness against colon and mammary gland cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Venugopalan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Uma Rani Potunuru
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Smita Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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Rathnakumar K, Savant S, Giri H, Ghosh A, Fisslthaler B, Fleming I, Ram U, Bera AK, Augustin HG, Dixit M. Angiopoietin-2 mediates thrombin-induced monocyte adhesion and endothelial permeability. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1655-67. [PMID: 27241812 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Mechanism of thrombin-induced inflammation is not fully understood. Thrombin induced monocyte adhesion and barrier loss require Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Ang-2 mediates vessel leakage and monocyte adhesion through SHP-2/p38MAPK pathway. Calcium dependent SHP2/p38MAPK activation regulates Ang-2 expression through a feedback loop. SUMMARY Background Thrombin imparts an inflammatory phenotype to the endothelium by promoting increased monocyte adhesion and vascular permeability. However, the molecular players that govern these events are incompletely understood. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has a role, if any, in regulating inflammatory signals initiated by thrombin. Methods Assessment of vascular leakage by Miles assay was performed by intra-dermal injection on the foot paw. Surface levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined by flow cytometry. Overexpression, knockdown and phosphorylation of proteins were determined by Western blotting. Results In time-course experiments, thrombin-stimulated Ang-2 up-regulation, peaked prior to the expression of adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein-derived endothelial cells (HUVECs). Knockdown of Ang-2 blocked both thrombin-induced monocyte adhesion and ICAM-1 expression. In addition, Ang-2(-/-) mice displayed defective vascular leakage when treated with thrombin. Introducing Ang-2 protein in Ang-2(-/-) mice failed to recover a wild-type phenotype. Mechanistically, Ang-2 appears to regulate the thrombin-activated calcium spike that is required for tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 and p38 MAPK activation. Further, down-regulation of SHP2 attenuated both thrombin-induced Ang-2 expression and monocyte adhesion. Down-regulation of the adaptor protein Gab1, a co-activator of SHP2, as well as overexpression of the Gab1 mutant incapable of interacting with SHP2 (YFGab1), inhibited thrombin-mediated effects, including downstream activation of p38 MAPK, which in turn was required for Ang-2 expression. Conclusions The data establish an essential role of the Gab1/SHP2/p38MAPK signaling pathway and Ang-2 in regulating thrombin-induced monocyte adhesion and vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rathnakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - S Savant
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Giri
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - A Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - B Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U Ram
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - A K Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - H G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
- Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Kiranmayi M, Chirasani VR, Allu PKR, Subramanian L, Martelli EE, Sahu BS, Vishnuprabu D, Kumaragurubaran R, Sharma S, Bodhini D, Dixit M, Munirajan AK, Khullar M, Radha V, Mohan V, Mullasari AS, Naga Prasad SV, Senapati S, Mahapatra NR. Catestatin Gly364Ser Variant Alters Systemic Blood Pressure and the Risk for Hypertension in Human Populations via Endothelial Nitric Oxide Pathway. Hypertension 2016; 68:334-47. [PMID: 27324226 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.06568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Catestatin (CST), an endogenous antihypertensive/antiadrenergic peptide, is a novel regulator of cardiovascular physiology. Here, we report case-control studies in 2 geographically/ethnically distinct Indian populations (n≈4000) that showed association of the naturally-occurring human CST-Gly364Ser variant with increased risk for hypertension (age-adjusted odds ratios: 1.483; P=0.009 and 2.951; P=0.005). Consistently, 364Ser allele carriers displayed elevated systolic (up to ≈8 mm Hg; P=0.004) and diastolic (up to ≈6 mm Hg; P=0.001) blood pressure. The variant allele was also found to be in linkage disequilibrium with other functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHGA promoter and nearby coding region. Functional characterization of the Gly364Ser variant was performed using cellular/molecular biological experiments (viz peptide-receptor binding assays, nitric oxide [NO], phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase, and phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase estimations) and computational approaches (molecular dynamics simulations for structural analysis of wild-type [CST-WT] and variant [CST-364Ser] peptides and docking of peptide/ligand with β-adrenergic receptors [ADRB1/2]). CST-WT and CST-364Ser peptides differed profoundly in their secondary structures and showed differential interactions with ADRB2; although CST-WT displaced the ligand bound to ADRB2, CST-364Ser failed to do the same. Furthermore, CST-WT significantly inhibited ADRB2-stimulated extracellular regulated kinase activation, suggesting an antagonistic role towards ADRB2 unlike CST-364Ser. Consequently, CST-WT was more potent in NO production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells as compared with CST-364Ser. This NO-producing ability of CST-WT was abrogated by ADRB2 antagonist ICI 118551. In conclusion, CST-364Ser allele enhanced the risk for hypertension in human populations, possibly via diminished endothelial NO production because of altered interactions of CST-364Ser peptide with ADRB2 as compared with CST-WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malapaka Kiranmayi
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Venkat R Chirasani
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Prasanna K R Allu
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Lakshmi Subramanian
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Elizabeth E Martelli
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Bhavani S Sahu
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Durairajpandian Vishnuprabu
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Rathnakumar Kumaragurubaran
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Arasambattu K Munirajan
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Madhu Khullar
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Venkatesan Radha
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Ajit S Mullasari
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.)
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- From the Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (M.Kiranmayi, V.R.C., P.K.R.A., L.S., B.S.S., R.K., M.D., S.Senapati, N.R.M.); Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (E.E.M., S.V.N.P.); Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.V., A.K.M.); Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India (S.Sharma, M.Khullar); Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (D.B., V.R., V.M.); Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India (A.S.M.); Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco (P.K.R.A.); and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.S.S.).
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Venugopalan A, Potunuru UR, Dixit M, Srivastava S. Effect of fermentation parameters, elicitors and precursors on camptothecin production from the endophyte Fusarium solani. Bioresour Technol 2016; 206:104-111. [PMID: 26851893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Volumetric productivity of camptothecin from the suspension culture of the endophyte Fusarium solani was enhanced up to ∼152 fold (from 0.19 μg l(-1) d(-1) to 28.9 μg l(-1) d(-1)) under optimized fermentation conditions including initial pH (6.0), temperature (32 °C) and agitation speed (80 rpm) with (5% (v/v)) ethanol as medium component. Among various elicitors and precursors studied, tryptamine (0.5 mM) as precursor and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (0.075 mM) as an elicitor added on day 6 of the cultivation period resulted in maximum enhancement of camptothecin concentration (up to 4.5 and 3.4-fold, respectively). These leads provide immense scope for further enhancement in camptothecin productivity at bioreactor level. The cytotoxicity analysis of the crude camptothecin extract from the fungal biomass revealed its high effectiveness against colon and mammary gland cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Venugopalan
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Uma Rani Potunuru
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Smita Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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28
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Kesavan R, Chandel S, Upadhyay S, Bendre R, Ganugula R, Potunuru UR, Giri H, Sahu G, Kumar PU, Reddy GB, Joksic G, Bera AK, Dixit M. Gentiana lutea exerts anti-atherosclerotic effects by preventing endothelial inflammation and smooth muscle cell migration. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:293-301. [PMID: 26868432 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies suggest that Gentiana lutea (GL), and its component isovitexin, may exhibit anti-atherosclerotic properties. In this study we sought to investigate the protective mechanism of GL aqueous root extract and isovitexin on endothelial inflammation, smooth muscle cell migation, and on the onset and progression of atherosclerosis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Our results show that both GL extract and isovitexin, block leukocyte adhesion and generation of reactive oxygen species in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs), following TNF-alpha and platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) challenges respectively. Both the extract and isovitexin blocked TNF-α induced expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HUVECs. PDGF-BB induced migration of RASMCs and phospholipase C-γ activation, were also abrogated by GL extract and isovitexin. Fura-2 based ratiometric measurements demonstrated that, both the extact, and isovitexin, inhibit PDGF-BB mediated intracellular calcium rise in RASMCs. Supplementation of regular diet with 2% GL root powder for STZ rats, reduced total cholesterol in blood. Oil Red O staining demonstrated decreased lipid accumulation in aortic wall of diabetic animals upon treatment with GL. Medial thickness and deposition of collagen in the aortic segment of diabetic rats were also reduced upon supplementation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated reduced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) in aortic segments of diabetic rats following GL treatment. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results support that GL root extract/powder and isovitexin exhibit anti-atherosclerotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kesavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Chandel
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Bendre
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Ganugula
- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - U R Potunuru
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - H Giri
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - G Sahu
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - P Uday Kumar
- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - G Joksic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A K Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering Building, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Dixit M, Das S, Mhashal A, Eitan R, Major D. Practical Aspects of Multiscale Classical and Quantum Simulations of Enzyme Reactions. Methods Enzymol 2016; 577:251-86. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kowshik J, Giri H, Kishore TKK, Kesavan R, Vankudavath RN, Reddy GB, Dixit M, Nagini S. Ellagic acid inhibits VEGF/VEGFR2, PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling cascades in the hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis model. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2015; 14:1249-60. [PMID: 25060902 DOI: 10.2174/1871520614666140723114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediated tumor angiogenesis by phytochemicals has emerged as an attractive strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. METHODS We investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of ellagic acid in a hamster model of oral oncogenesis by examining the transcript and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α), VEGF, VEGFR2, and the members of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling cascades. Molecular docking studies and cell culture experiments with the endothelial cell line ECV304 were performed to delineate the mechanism by which ellagic acid regulates VEGF signaling. RESULTS We found that ellagic acid significantly inhibits HIF-1α-induced VEGF/VEGFR2 signalling in the hamster buccal pouch by abrogating PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling via downregulation of PI3K, PDK-1, p-Akt(ser473), mTOR, p-ERK, and p-JNK. Ellagic acid was also found to reduce the expression of histone deacetylases that could inhibit neovascularization. Analysis of the mechanism revealed that ellagic acid inhibits hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via suppression of HDAC-6 in ECV304 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous HDAC6 via small interfering RNA abrogated hypoxia-induced expression of HIF-1α and VEGF and blocked Akt activation. Molecular docking studies confirmed interaction of ellagic acid with upstream kinases that regulate angiogenic signaling. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the anti-angiogenic activity of ellagic acid may be mediated by abrogation of hypoxia driven PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK and VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathways involving suppression of HDAC6 and HIF-1α responses. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Ellagic acid offers promise as a lead compound for anticancer therapeutics by virtue of its ability to inhibit key oncogenic signaling cascades and HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar- 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Nathan AA, Tej MAC, Chitiprolu M, Rangan S, Mohan V, Harish R, Anand SB, Dixit M. Impaired glucose tolerance alters functional ability of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells in Asian Indian men. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2015; 12:13-22. [PMID: 25303939 DOI: 10.1177/1479164114551745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the adhesion, migration and endothelial differentiation potential of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from drug-naive normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) Asian Indian men. METHODS Based on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, 30 NGT and 31 IGT subjects were recruited into the study. PBMCs were isolated from fasting blood using histopaque density gradient centrifugation. Isolated PBMCs were analysed for their ability to adhere to extracellular matrices, incorporation into tubular structures formed by matured endothelial cells and differentiation into endothelial cells upon 7-day culture in endothelial-specific growth medium. RESULTS PBMCs obtained from IGT subjects exhibit poor adherence to fibronectin and reduced incorporation into tubular structures. Migration towards stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) in a trans-well filter assembly was also reduced for these cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed decreased expression of CXCR4 and β2 integrin and increased expression of arginase II in IGT subjects. No differences were observed with regard to endothelial differentiation; however, cultured PBMCs of IGT subjects had decreased intracellular nitric oxide (NO) production. CONCLUSION In pre-diabetic, Asian Indian men, PBMCs exhibit defective migration and homing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Arul Nathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mallu Abhiram Charan Tej
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Maneka Chitiprolu
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Shreyas Rangan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Ranjani Harish
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) and Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Setty B Anand
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Kowshik J, Baba AB, Giri H, Deepak Reddy G, Dixit M, Nagini S. Astaxanthin inhibits JAK/STAT-3 signaling to abrogate cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis in a hamster model of oral cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109114. [PMID: 25296162 PMCID: PMC4189964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying agents that inhibit STAT-3, a cytosolic transcription factor involved in the activation of various genes implicated in tumour progression is a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention. In the present study, we investigated the effect of dietary astaxanthin on JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis model by examining the mRNA and protein expression of JAK/STAT-3 and its target genes. Quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that astaxanthin supplementation inhibits key events in JAK/STAT signaling especially STAT-3 phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT-3. Furthermore, astaxanthin downregulated the expression of STAT-3 target genes involved in cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis, and reduced microvascular density, thereby preventing tumour progression. Molecular docking analysis confirmed inhibitory effects of astaxanthin on STAT signaling and angiogenesis. Cell culture experiments with the endothelial cell line ECV304 substantiated the role of astaxanthin in suppressing angiogenesis. Taken together, our data provide substantial evidence that dietary astaxanthin prevents the development and progression of HBP carcinomas through the inhibition of JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling and its downstream events. Thus, astaxanthin that functions as a potent inhibitor of tumour development and progression by targeting JAK/STAT signaling may be an ideal candidate for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Kowshik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Basit Baba
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hemant Giri
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tami Nadu, India
| | - G. Deepak Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Division, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tami Nadu, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
- * E-mail:
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Kureel J, Dixit M, Tyagi A, Mansoori M, Srivastava K, Singh D. miR-376c Targets ArfGEFs (ADP-Ribosylation Factor Nucleotide-Exchange Factor 1; Brefeldin A-Inhibited) to Negatively Regulate Osteoblast Differentiation. J Clin Densitom 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kureel J, Dixit M, Tyagi AM, Mansoori MN, Srivastava K, Raghuvanshi A, Maurya R, Trivedi R, Goel A, Singh D. miR-542-3p suppresses osteoblast cell proliferation and differentiation, targets BMP-7 signaling and inhibits bone formation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1050. [PMID: 24503542 PMCID: PMC3944264 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that interfere with translation of specific target mRNAs and thereby regulate diverse biological processes. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs might have a role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here, we show that miR-542-3p, a well-characterized tumor suppressor whose downregulation is tightly associated with tumor progression via C-src-related oncogenic pathways, inhibits osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. miRNA array profiling in Medicarpin (a pterocarpan with proven bone-forming effects) induced mice calvarial osteoblast cells and further validation by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that miR-542-3p was downregulated during osteoblast differentiation. Over-expression of miR-542-3p inhibited osteoblast differentiation, whereas inhibition of miR-542-3p function by anti-miR-542-3p promoted expression of osteoblast-specific genes, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization. Target prediction analysis tools and experimental validation by luciferase 3′ UTR reporter assay identified BMP-7 (bone morphogenetic protein 7) as a direct target of miR-542-3p. It was seen that over-expression of miR-542-3p leads to repression of BMP-7 and inhibition of BMP-7/PI3K- survivin signaling. This strongly suggests that miR-542-3p suppresses osteogenic differentiation and promotes osteoblast apoptosis by repressing BMP-7 and its downstream signaling. Furthermore, silencing of miR-542-3p led to increased bone formation, bone strength and improved trabecular microarchitecture in sham and ovariectomized (Ovx) mice. Although miR-542-3p is known to be a tumor repressor, we have identified second complementary function of miR-542-3p where it inhibits BMP-7-mediated osteogenesis. Our findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of miR-542-3p by anti-miR-542-3p could represent a therapeutic strategy for enhancing bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kureel
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - M Dixit
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - A M Tyagi
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - M N Mansoori
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - K Srivastava
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - A Raghuvanshi
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - R Maurya
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - R Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
| | - A Goel
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
| | - D Singh
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), Lucknow, India
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Giri H, Chandel S, Dwarakanath LS, Sreekumar S, Dixit M. Increased endothelial inflammation, sTie-2 and arginase activity in umbilical cords obtained from gestational diabetic mothers. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84546. [PMID: 24376824 PMCID: PMC3869849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine subclinical inflammation in umbilical vein derived endothelial cells (HUVECs) obtained from Asian Indian subjects with gestational diabetes (GDM) and to determine levels of angiogenic factors and arginase activity in their cord blood. Methods This case-control study included 38 control and 30 GDM subjects. Subjects were confirmed as GDM based on 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) conducted in the second trimester of pregnancy. Angiogenic markers and arginase activity were measured in cord blood by ELISA and colorimetric methods respectively. Endothelial inflammation was assessed through adhesion of PKH26-labelled leukocytes onto HUVEC monolayer obtained from the study groups. Gene and surface expression of adhesion molecules were confirmed via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry respectively. Results The study revealed increased adhesion of leukocytes to HUVECs isolated from GDM subjects compared to controls. HUVECs of babies born to GDM mothers had increased surface and mRNA expression of E-selectin. sTie2 levels were significantly higher in the cord blood for GDM subjects (3869 ± 370 ng/L) compared to controls (3045 ± 296 ng/L). Furthermore, arginase activity was higher in cord blood of GDM mothers as opposed to the control group (7.75 ± 2.4 µmoles of urea/ml/hour vs 2.88 ±0.49 µmoles of urea/ml/hour; p-value= 0.019). Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed positive correlation of cord blood arginase activity with glucose intolerance (ρ=0.596, p=0.004) and post load glucose values (ρ=0.472, p=0.031) of mothers observed during the second trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions HUVECs derived from Asian Indian GDM mothers, exhibit signs of sub-clinical endothelial inflammation along with increased levels of sTie2 and arginase activity in their cord blood serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Giri
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Shivam Chandel
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
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Gujjar A, Jaju D, Jacob P, Dixit M, Al-Asmi A. Serial hemodynamic and autonomic function studies in acute ischemic stroke: Relation to outcome, stroke type and location. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dixit M, Kulkarni PK, Vaghela RS. Effect of Different Crystallization Techniques on the Dissolution Behavior of Ketoprofen. TROP J PHARM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Srivastava K, Tyagi AM, Khan K, Dixit M, Lahiri S, Kumar A, Changkija B, Khan MP, Nagar GK, Yadav DK, Maurya R, Singh SP, Jain GK, Trivedi R, Chattopadhyay N, Singh D. Isoformononetin, a methoxydaidzein present in medicinal plants, reverses bone loss in osteopenic rats and exerts bone anabolic action by preventing osteoblast apoptosis. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:470-480. [PMID: 23395215 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Daidzein (Daid) has been implicated in bone health for its estrogen-'like' effects but low bioavailability, unfavorable metabolism and uterine estrogenicity impede its clinical potential. This study was aimed at assessing isoformononetin (Isoformo), a naturally occurring methoxydaidzein, for bone anabolic effect by overcoming the pitfalls associated with Daid. METHODS Sprague-Dawley ovariectomized (OVx) rats with established osteopenia were administered Isoformo, 17β-oestradiol (E2) or human parathyroid hormone. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography and determination of new bone formation by fluorescent labeling of bone. Osteoblast apoptosis was measured by co-labeling of bone sections with Runx-2 and TUNEL. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism were measured by ELISA. Plasma and bone marrow levels of Isoformo and Daid were determined by LC-MS-MS. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were harvested to study osteoblastic differentiation by Isoformo and Daid. New born rat pups were injected with Isoformo and Daid to study the effect of the compounds on the expression of osteogenic genes in the calvaria by real time PCR. RESULTS In osteopenic rats, Isoformo treatment restored trabecular microarchitecture, increased new bone formation, increased the serum osteogenic marker (procollagen N-terminal propeptide), decreased resorptive marker (urinary C-terminal teleopeptide of type I collagen) and diminished osteoblast apoptosis in bone. At the most effective osteogenic dose of Isoformo, plasma and bone marrow levels were comprised of ~90% Isoformo and the rest, Daid. Isoformo at the concentration reaching the bone marrow achieved out of its most effective oral dosing induced stromal cell mineralization and osteogenic gene expression in the calvaria of neonatal rats. Isoformo exhibited uterine safety. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that Isoformo reverses established osteopenia in adult OVx rats likely via its pro-survival effect on osteoblasts. Given its bone anabolic and anti-catabolic effects accompanied with safety at uterine level we propose its potential in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Srivastava
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, Lucknow, India
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Gupta M, Dixit M, Rao KK. Spo0A positively regulates epr expression by negating the repressive effect of co-repressors, SinR and ScoC, in Bacillus subtilis. J Biosci 2013; 38:291-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-013-9309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bhat SA, Dixit M, Juyal PD, Singh NK. Comparison of nested PCR and microscopy for the detection of cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves. J Parasit Dis 2012; 38:101-5. [PMID: 24505186 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The comparative efficacies of different conventional parasitological methods and nested PCR for diagnosis of bovine cryptosporidiosis in faecal samples were evaluated. Among the 100 samples collected from calves in and around Ludhiana Direct faecal smear staining technique revealed 25.0 % positivity for the oocysts of Cryptosporidium spp. with sensitivity and specificity of 68.12 and 92.98 %, respectively. Zinc sulphate solution floatation and saturated sugar solution floatation staining techniques showed sensitivity and specificity of 83.92 and 96.36; 81.03 and 98.14 %, respectively. Products of the primary PCR of Cryptosporidium spp. directed against small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA when employed as template in nested PCR produced the amplicons of desired size (834 bp) in 47.0 % of the samples. Amplification of 834 bp fragment was also observed in positive control, while no amplification was observed in negative control. Results indicated PCR assays as highly sensitive and specific techniques for the screening of the samples for Cryptosporidium spp. but in developing countries and under field conditions where limited resources do not allow the application of PCR assays, concentration staining methods are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bhat
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - M Dixit
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - P D Juyal
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - N K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
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Abhijit S, Bhaskaran R, Narayanasamy A, Chakroborty A, Manickam N, Dixit M, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M. Hyperinsulinemia-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation is mediated by converging mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:95-105. [PMID: 23073711 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the major complications of diabetes and involves endothelial dysfunction, matrix alteration, and most importantly migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia are known to contribute to atherosclerosis, little is known about the specific cellular signaling pathways that mediate the detrimental hyperinsulinemic effects in VSMCs. Therefore, we investigated the cellular mechanisms of hyperinsulinemia-induced migration and proliferation of VSMCs. VSMCs were treated with insulin (100 nM) for 6 days and subjected to various physiological and molecular investigations. VSMCs subjected to hyperinsulinemia exhibited increased migration and proliferation, and this is paralleled by oxidative stress [increased NADPH oxidase activity, NADPH oxidase 1 mRNA expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation], alterations in mitochondrial physiology (membrane depolarization, decreased mitochondrial mass, and increased mitochondrial ROS), changes in mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes (mitofusin 1, mitofusin 2, dynamin-related protein 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and uncoupling protein 2), and increased Akt phosphorylation. Diphenyleneiodonium, a known NADPH oxidase inhibitor significantly inhibited migration and proliferation of VSMCs and normalized all the above physiological and molecular perturbations. This study suggests a plausible crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress under hyperinsulinemia and emphasizes counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as a novel therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Abhijit
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600 086, India
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Giri H, Muthuramu I, Dhar M, Rathnakumar K, Ram U, Dixit M. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 mediates chronic insulin-induced endothelial inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:1943-50. [PMID: 22628433 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.239251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin promotes adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium through increased expression of surface adhesion molecules. We determined whether src-homology domain-2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), a downstream effecter of insulin signaling, is involved in insulin-induced endothelial inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS In human umbilical vein-derived endothelial cells, treatment with insulin (100 nmol/L) increased Tyr(542) phosphorylation, activity, and subsequently expression of SHP2. Increase in SHP2 accompanied a parallel decrease in the availability of the anti-inflammatory molecule, NO. This consequently enhanced the expression of cell adhesion molecules. Decrease in NO index was caused by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and increased arginase activity. Among the 2 isoforms, insulin treatment induced the expression of arginase II. Inactivation of endogenous SHP2 via NSC87877 [8-hydroxy-7-(6-sulfonapthalen-2-yl)-diazenyl-quinoline-5-sulfonic acid] and its knockdown by small interfering RNA decreased arginase activity by blocking arginase II expression; however, it failed to restore eNOS coupling. Inactivation of SHP2 also abrogated insulin-mediated leukocyte adhesion by blocking the expression of adhesion molecules. Finally, downregulation of endogenous arginase II blocked insulin-mediated endothelial inflammation. CONCLUSIONS SHP2 mediates chronic insulin-induced endothelial inflammation by limiting the production of NO in an eNOS-independent and arginase-II-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Giri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India
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Bairagi S, Gopal J, Nathan AA, Babu SS, Kumar NP, Dixit M. Glucose-induced increase in circulating progenitor cells is blunted in polycystic amenorrhoeic subjects. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:844-53. [PMID: 22252083 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-induced kinetics of bone marrow-derived stem cells in healthy females is presently unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine whether circulating levels of CD133(+), CD34(+) and CD133(+)CD34(+) cells increase in response to glucose load in healthy females and whether the kinetics is altered in amenorrhoeic women. The other objective of the work was to compare the endothelial differentiation potential of peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from healthy versus amenorrhoeic women. METHODS In this case-control study, 44 amenorrhoeic subjects and 36 age-matched females with no menstrual disturbance were recruited at Apollo Hospitals, a Tertiary health care center in Chennai, India. Circulating bone marrow-derived stem cells were measured by two color direct flow cytometry. Cultured progenitor cells were characterized at Day 7 and 14 for expression of endothelial markers and production of nitric oxide (NO) via immunofluoroscence. RESULTS The amenorrhoeic subjects were insulin resistant with homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance values of 3.33 ± 0.3 versus 1.75 ± 0.148 observed for controls (P< 0.0001). Among the amenorrhoeic subjects, 38 subjects had polycystic ovaries with no signs of hyperandrogenism. Fasting levels of CD133(+), CD34(+) and CD133(+)CD34(+) cells were reduced in amenorrhoeic subjects (P< 0.001). There was a 1.5 to 2-fold increase in the circulating levels of these cells in response to 75 g oral glucose challenge at 1 and 2 h post-load conditions in controls, which was significantly blunted for CD133(+) (P< 0.001) and CD133(+)CD34(+) (P< 0.001) cells in amenorrhoeic subjects. A positive correlation was observed between estrogen and fasting CD133(+) (r= 0.205, P= 0.070), CD34(+) (r= 0.249, P= 0.027) and CD133(+)CD34(+) (r= 0.217, P= 0.055) cell counts. Additionally, fasting counts for CD34(+) and CD133(+)CD34(+) cells positively correlated with FSH and inversely correlated with LH and C-peptide in the polycystic group. Cultured cells from polycystic subjects exhibited reduced adherence to fibronectin and expressed lower levels of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and NO. CONCLUSIONS Oral glucose-induced increase in circulating numbers of CD133(+) and CD133(+)CD34(+) cells and endothelial differentiation potential of peripheral blood-derived EPCs is attenuated in insulin resistant amenorrhoeic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumi Bairagi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, BT 415, Chennai 600036, India
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Dixit M, Kulkarni P. Lyophilization monophase solution technique for improvement of the solubility and dissolution of piroxicam. Res Pharm Sci 2012. [PMID: 23181075 PMCID: PMC3500553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Piroxicam (PX), an anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor water solubility, dissolution and flow properties. Thus, the aim of the present study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of PX by freeze drying technique using dimethylformamide (DMF), chloroform and water as co-solvent system. The prepared crystals containing PX were evaluated for DMF and chloroform solvent residual by gas chromatography and solubility and in vitro dissolution. The prepared formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter; X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dissolution profile of the freeze dried crystals was compared with its recrystallized and pure samples. The samples were stored in stability chamber to investigate their physical stability. Solvent residual of DMF and chloroform was found to be within the toxic level. Freeze dried crystals exhibited decreased crystallinity and the solubility and dissolution of the PX crystals were significantly improved compared to its recrystallized and pure samples. In stability test, the release profile of the freeze dried crystals was almost unchanged as compared with the freshly prepared freeze dried crystals stored at 40°C and 75% relative humidity for 90 days. Hence, this technique can be used for formulation of PX tablets by direct compression with directly compressible tablet excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S College of Pharmacy, J.S.S. University, S.S Nagar, India,Corresponding author: Mudit Dixit
Tel. 00919035508450
| | - P.K. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J.S.S College of Pharmacy, J.S.S. University, S.S Nagar, India
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LePort F, Neilson R, Barbeau PS, Barry K, Bartoszek L, Counts I, Davis J, deVoe R, Dolinski MJ, Gratta G, Green M, Montero Díez M, Müller AR, O'Sullivan K, Rivas A, Twelker K, Aharmim B, Auger M, Belov V, Benitez-Medina C, Breidenbach M, Burenkov A, Cleveland B, Conley R, Cook J, Cook S, Craddock W, Daniels T, Dixit M, Dobi A, Donato K, Fairbank W, Farine J, Fierlinger P, Franco D, Giroux G, Gornea R, Graham K, Green C, Hägemann C, Hall C, Hall K, Hallman D, Hargrove C, Herrin S, Hughes M, Hodgson J, Juget F, Kaufman LJ, Karelin A, Ku J, Kuchenkov A, Kumar K, Leonard DS, Lutter G, Mackay D, MacLellan R, Marino M, Mong B, Morgan P, Odian A, Piepke A, Pocar A, Prescott CY, Pushkin K, Rollin E, Rowson PC, Schmoll B, Sinclair D, Skarpaas K, Slutsky S, Stekhanov V, Strickland V, Swift M, Vuilleumier JL, Vuilleumier JM, Wichoski U, Wodin J, Yang L, Yen YR. A magnetically driven piston pump for ultra-clean applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:105114. [PMID: 22047336 DOI: 10.1063/1.3653391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A magnetically driven piston pump for xenon gas recirculation is presented. The pump is designed to satisfy extreme purity and containment requirements, as is appropriate for the recirculation of isotopically enriched xenon through the purification system and large liquid xenon time projection chamber of EXO-200. The pump, using sprung polymer gaskets, is capable of pumping more than 16 standard liters per minute of xenon gas with 750 Torr differential pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F LePort
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Nathan AA, Mohan V, Babu SS, Bairagi S, Dixit M. Glucose challenge increases circulating progenitor cells in Asian Indian male subjects with normal glucose tolerance which is compromised in subjects with pre-diabetes: A pilot study. BMC Endocr Disord 2011; 11:2. [PMID: 21219665 PMCID: PMC3027185 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-11-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haematopoietic stem cells undergo mobilization from bone marrow to blood in response to physiological stimuli such as ischemia and tissue injury. The aim of study was to determine the kinetics of circulating CD34+ and CD133+CD34+ progenitor cells in response to 75 g glucose load in subjects with normal and impaired glucose metabolism. METHODS Asian Indian male subjects (n = 50) with no prior history of glucose imbalance were subjected to 2 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). 24 subjects had normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 17 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 9 had impaired fasting glucose (IFG). The IGT and IFG subjects were grouped together as pre-diabetes group (n = 26). Progenitor cell counts in peripheral circulation at fasting and 2 hour post glucose challenge were measured using direct two-color flow cytometry. RESULTS The pre-diabetes group was more insulin resistant (p < 0.0001) as measured by homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-IR) compared to NGT group. A 2.5-fold increase in CD34+ cells (p = 0.003) and CD133+CD34+ (p = 0.019) cells was seen 2 hours post glucose challenge in the NGT group. This increase for both the cell types was attenuated in subjects with IGT. CD34+ cell counts in response to glucose challenge inversely correlated with neutrophil counts (ρ = -0.330, p = 0.019), while post load counts of CD133+CD34+ cells inversely correlated with serum creatinine (ρ = -0.312, p = 0.023). CONCLUSION There is a 2.5-fold increase in the circulating levels of haematopoietic stem cells in response to glucose challenge in healthy Asian Indian male subjects which is attenuated in subjects with pre-diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel A Nathan
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF) & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre: WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control and IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
| | - Subash S Babu
- National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India and SAIC Frederick, Inc., NCI Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Soumi Bairagi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Chennai, India
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Anuradha S, Mohan V, Gokulakrishnan K, Dixit M. Angiopoietin-2 levels in glucose intolerance, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study-74). Metabolism 2010; 59:774-9. [PMID: 19913849 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to look at the association of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) in Asian Indian subjects with different grades of glucose intolerance and in those with hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MS). Three groups were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, a population-based study in southern India, as follows: group 1, normal glucose tolerance(n = 45); group 2, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 45); and group 3, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 40). Angiopoietin-2 was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hypertension was diagnosed based on medical history, drug treatment of hypertension, and/or if the subjects had systolic blood pressure at least 130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure at least 85 mm Hg. Metabolic syndrome was defined using modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Subjects with T2DM had higher age-adjusted Ang-2 values (3741 +/- 1429 pg/mL) compared with subjects with IGT (1907 +/- 855 pg/mL) and normal glucose tolerance (1462 +/- 856 pg/mL) (P for trend < .001). Regression analysis showed that there was a linear increase in mean Ang-2 values with increasing severity of glucose intolerance, even after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Angiopoietin-2 levels were also elevated in subjects with hypertension (P = .004) and in subjects with MS even in the absence of fasting hyperglycemia (P = .011). There was also a linear increase in the mean values of Ang-2 with increase in number of components of MS (P for trend < .001). This study demonstrates that increased levels of Ang-2 are seen in Asian Indian subjects with IGT, T2DM, and hypertension and in subjects with MS even in the absence of fasting hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Anuradha
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Gopalapuram, Chennai 600086, India
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Dixit M, Kini A, Kulkarni P. Preparation and characterization of microparticles of piroxicam by spray drying and spray chilling methods. Res Pharm Sci 2010; 5:89-97. [PMID: 21589797 PMCID: PMC3093626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Piroxicam, an anti-inflammatory drug, exhibits poor water solubility and flow properties, poor dissolution and poor wetting. Consequently, the aim of this study was to improve the dissolution of piroxicam. Microparticles containing piroxicam were produced by spray drying, using isopropyl alcohol and water in the ratio of 40:60 v/v as solvent system, and spray chilling technology by melting the drug and chilling it with a pneumatic nozzle to enhance dissolution rate. The prepared formulations were evaluated for in vitro dissolution and solubility. The prepared drug particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dissolution profile of the spray dried microparticles was compared with spray-chilled microparticles, pure and recrystallized samples. Spray dried microparticles and spray chilled microparticles exhibited decreased crystallinity and improved micromeritic properties. The dissolution of the spray dried microparticle and spray chilled particles were improved compared with recrystallized and pure sample of piroxicam. Consequently, it was believed that spray drying of piroxicam is a useful tool to improve dissolution but not in case of spray chilling. This may be due to the degradation of drug or variations in the resonance structure or could be due to minor distortion of bond angles. Hence, this spray drying technique can be used for formulation of tablets of piroxicam by direct compression with directly compressible tablet excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, S.S Nagar, Mysore-570015, India,*Corresponding author: Mudit Dixit, PhD Tel. 0091 9035508450
| | - A.G. Kini
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, S.S Nagar, Mysore-570015, India
| | - P.K. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS University, S.S Nagar, Mysore-570015, India
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Nath A, Dixit M, Bandiya A, Chavda S, Desai AJ. Enhanced PHB production and scale up studies using cheese whey in fed batch culture of Methylobacterium sp. ZP24. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:5749-5755. [PMID: 18032031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Revised: 10/07/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Methylobacterium sp. ZP24 produced polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from disaccharides like lactose and sucrose. As Methylobacterium sp. ZP24 showed growth associated PHB production, an intermittent feeding strategy having lactose and ammonium sulfate at varying concentration was used towards reaching higher yield of the polymer. About 1.5-fold increase in PHB production was obtained by this intermittent feeding strategy. Further increase in PHB production by 0.8-fold could be achieved by limiting the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in the fermenter. The decreased DO is thought to increase flux of acetyl CO-A towards PHB accumulation over TCA cycle. Cheese whey, a dairy waste product and being a rich source of utilizable sugar and other nutrients, when used in the bioreactor as a main substrate replacing the lactose, led to further increase in the PHB production by 2.5-fold. A total of 4.58-fold increase in the PHB production was obtained using limiting DO conditions with processed cheese whey supplemented with ammonium sulfate in fed batch culture of Methylobacterium sp. ZP24. The present investigation therefore reflects on the possibility of developing a cheap biological route for production of green thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nath
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Faculty of Science, Baroda 390 002, Gujarat, India
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