1
|
Sireesha K, Samundeshwari EL, Surekha K, Chandrasekhar C, Sarma PVGK. In vitro generation of epidermal keratinocytes from human CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:236-248. [PMID: 38502372 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00862-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The epidermis is largely composed of keratinocytes (KCs), and the proliferation and differentiation of KCs from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum is the cellular hierarchy present in the epidermis. In this study, we explore the differentiation abilities of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into KCs. Cultured HSCs positive for CD34, CD45, and CD133 with prominent telomerase activity were induced with keratinocyte differentiation medium (KDM), which is composed of bovine pituitary extract (BPE), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin, hydrocortisone, epinephrine, transferrin, calcium chloride (CaCl2), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), and retinoic acid (RA). Differentiation was monitored through the expression of cytokeratin markers K5 (keratin 5), K14 (keratin 14), K10 (keratin 10), K1 (keratin 1), transglutaminase 1 (TGM1), involucrin (IVL), and filaggrin (FLG) on day 0 (D0), day 6 (D6), day 11 (D11), day 18 (D18), day 24 (D24), and day 30 (D30) using immunocytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, qPCR, and Western blotting. The results revealed the expression of K5 and K14 genes in D6 cells (early keratinocytes), K10 and K1 genes in D11-D18 cells (mature keratinocytes) with active telomerase enzyme, and FLG, IVL, and TGM1 in D18-D24 cells (terminal keratinocytes), and by D30, the KCs were completely enucleated similar to cornified matrix. This method of differentiation of HSCs to KCs explains the cellular order exists in the normal epidermis and opens the possibility of exploring the use of human HSCs in the epidermal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kodavala Sireesha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences and University, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Kattaru Surekha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences and University, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chodimella Chandrasekhar
- Department of Hematology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Periyasamy K, Maloverjan M, Biswas A, Remm A, Pook M, Rebane A, Pooga M. PepFect14 mediates the delivery of mRNA into human primary keratinocytes and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1219761. [PMID: 37521463 PMCID: PMC10374019 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1219761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccines and candidate therapeutics have great potential in various medical fields. For the delivery of mRNA into target cells and tissues, lipid formulations are often employed. However, this approach could cause the activation of immune responses, making it unsuitable for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Therefore, alternative delivery systems are highly demanded. In this study, we evaluated the transport efficiency and characteristics of cell-penetrating peptide PepFect14 (PF14) and mRNA nanoparticles in the presence of different additives. Our results show that all PF14-mRNA formulations entered cultured cells, while calcium chloride enhanced the transport and production of the encoded protein in HeLa and HaCaT cell lines, and polysorbate 80 did so in primary human keratinocytes. All formulations had similar physical properties and did not remarkably affect cell viability. By selectively blocking endocytosis pathways, we show that PF14-mRNA nanoparticles primarily entered HeLa cells via macropinocytosis and HaCaT cells via both macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, while none of the blockers significantly affected the delivery into primary keratinocytes. Finally, subcutaneous injection of PF14-mRNA nanoparticles before inducing mouse irritant contact dermatitis resulted in the expression of a reporter protein without provoking harmful immune responses in the skin. Together, our findings suggest that PF14-mRNA nanoparticles have the potential for developing mRNA-based therapeutics for treating inflammatory skin conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kapilraj Periyasamy
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Abhijit Biswas
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anu Remm
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Pook
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Pooga
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Dios Andres P, Städler B. Micromotor-Assisted Keratinocytes Migration in a Floating Paper Chip. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2201251. [PMID: 35694770 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In vitro epidermis models are important to evaluate and study disease progression and possible dermal drug delivery. An in vitro epidermis model using floating paper chips as a scaffold for proliferation and differentiation of primary human keratinocytes is reported. The formation of the four main layers of the epidermis (i.e., basal, spinosum, granulose, and cornified layers) is confirmed. The development of a cornified layer and the tight junction formation are evaluated as well as the alterations of organelles during the differentiation process. Further, this in vitro model is used to assess keratinocyte migration. Finally, magnetic micromotors are assembled, and their ability to aid cell migration on paper chips is confirmed when a static magnetic field is present. Taken together, this attempt to combine bottom-up synthetic biology with dermatology offers interesting opportunities for studying skin disease pathologies and evaluate possible treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula de Dios Andres
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bikle DD. Role of vitamin D and calcium signaling in epidermal wound healing. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:205-212. [PMID: 35963983 PMCID: PMC9859773 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review will discuss the role of vitamin D and calcium signaling in the epidermal wound response with particular focus on the stem cells of the epidermis and hair follicle that contribute to the wounding response. METHODS Selected publications relevant to the mechanisms of wound healing in general and the roles of calcium and vitamin D in wound healing in particular were reviewed. RESULTS Following wounding the stem cells of the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis are activated to proliferate and migrate to the wound where they take on an epidermal fate to re-epithelialize the wound and regenerate the epidermis. The vitamin D and calcium sensing receptors (VDR and CaSR, respectively) are expressed in the stem cells of the hair follicle and epidermis where they play a critical role in enabling the stem cells to respond to wounding. Deletion of Vdr and/or Casr from these cells delays wound healing. The VDR is regulated by co-regulators such as the Med 1 complex and other transcription factors such as Ctnnb (beta-catenin) and p63. The formation of the Cdh1/Ctnn (E-cadherin/catenin) complex jointly stimulated by vitamin D and calcium plays a critical role in the activation, migration, and re-epithelialization processes. CONCLUSION Vitamin D and calcium signaling are critical for the ability of epidermal and hair follicle stem cells to respond to wounding. Vitamin D deficiency with the accompanying decrease in calcium signaling can result in delayed and/or chronic wounds, a major cause of morbidity, loss of productivity, and medical expense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D D Bikle
- Department of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Could E-cadherin overexpression promote epithelial differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by mediating mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition? Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
6
|
Sah SK, Kanaujiya JK, Chen IP, Reichenberger EJ. Generation of Keratinocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Defined Culture Conditions. Cell Reprogram 2020; 23:1-13. [PMID: 33373529 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of keratinocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has become an important tool for wound healing research and for studying skin diseases in instances where patient cells are not available. Several keratinocyte differentiation protocols using hiPSC colony fragments or embryoid bodies have been published with some requiring prolonged time for differentiation or extended use of reagent cocktails. In this study, we present a simplified method to efficiently generate large numbers of uniformly differentiated keratinocytes in less than 4 weeks from singularized hiPSCs with differentiation factors, retinoic acid and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Low seeding density of singularized iPSCs results in keratinocyte cultures with minimum cell death during differentiation and up to 96% homogeneity for keratin 14-positive cells and low percentage of keratinocyte maturation markers, comparable to early passage primary keratinocytes. hiPSC-derived keratinocytes remain in a proliferative state, can be maintained for prolonged periods of time, and can be terminally differentiated under high calcium conditions in the same way as primary human keratinocytes. Moreover, coculturing hiPSC-derived fibroblasts and keratinocytes consistently formed organotypic 3D skin equivalents. Therefore, keratinocytes generated by this method are a viable source of cells for downstream applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kishor Sah
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jitendra K Kanaujiya
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - I-Ping Chen
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ernst J Reichenberger
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bryja A, Latosiński G, Jankowski M, Angelova Volponi A, Mozdziak P, Shibli JA, Bryl R, Spaczyńska J, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Krawiec K, Kempisty B, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M. Transcriptomic and Morphological Analysis of Cells Derived from Porcine Buccal Mucosa-Studies on an In Vitro Model. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:ani11010015. [PMID: 33374146 PMCID: PMC7824432 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Domestic pigs express high phylogenetic similarity to humans and are often used as a compatible model in biomedical research. Porcine tissues are used as an accessible biomaterial in human skin transplants and tissue architecture reconstruction. We used transcriptional analysis to investigate the dynamics of complex biological system of the mucosa. Additionally, we performed computer analysis of microscopic images of cultured cells in vitro. Computer analysis of images identified epithelial cells and connective tissue cells in in vitro culture. Abstract Transcriptional analysis and live-cell imaging are a powerful tool to investigate the dynamics of complex biological systems. In vitro expanded porcine oral mucosal cells, consisting of populations of epithelial and connective lineages, are interesting and complex systems for study via microarray transcriptomic assays to analyze gene expression profile. The transcriptomic analysis included 56 ontological groups with particular focus on 7 gene ontology groups that are related to the processes of differentiation and development. Most analyzed genes were upregulated after 7 days and downregulated after 15 and 30 days of in vitro culture. The performed transcriptomic analysis was then extended to include automated analysis of differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) images obtained during in vitro culture. The analysis of DIC imaging allowed to identify the different populations of keratinocytes and fibroblasts during seven days of in vitro culture, and it was possible to evaluate the proportion of these two populations of cells. Porcine mucosa may be a suitable model for reference research on human tissues. In addition, it can provide a reference point for research on the use of cells, scaffolds, or tissues derived from transgenic animals for applications in human tissues reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bryja
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (M.J.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Grzegorz Latosiński
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (G.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (M.J.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Graduate Physiology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos 07030-010, SP, Brazil;
| | - Rut Bryl
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (M.J.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Julia Spaczyńska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-631 Poznań, Poland; (J.S.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-631 Poznań, Poland; (J.S.); (H.P.-K.)
| | - Krzysztof Krawiec
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; (G.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (M.J.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8546418
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (M.J.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li L, Ji S, Shrestha C, Jiang Y, Liao L, Xu F, Liu Z, Bikle DD, Xie Z. p120-catenin suppresses proliferation and tumor growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma via inhibiting nuclear phospholipase C-γ1 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9399-9413. [PMID: 32356317 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
p120-catenin (p120) serves as a stabilizer of the calcium-dependent cadherin-catenin complex and loss of p120 expression has been observed in several types of human cancers. The p120-dependent E-cadherin-β-catenin complex has been shown to mediate calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation via inducing activation of plasma membrane phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1). On the other hand, PLC-γ1 has been shown to interact with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhancer in the nucleus and plays a critical role in epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. To determine whether p120 suppresses OSCC proliferation and tumor growth via inhibiting PLC-γ1, we examined effects of p120 knockdown or p120 and PLC-γ1 double knockdown on proliferation of cultured OSCC cells and tumor growth in xenograft OSCC in mice. The results showed that knockdown of p120 reduced levels of PLC-γ1 in the plasma membrane and increased levels of PLC-γ1 and its signaling in the nucleus in OSCC cells and OSCC cell proliferation as well as xenograft OSCC tumor growth. However, double knockdown of p120 and PLC-γ1 or knockdown of PLC-γ1 alone did not have any effect. Immunohistochemical analysis of OSCC tissue from patients showed a lower expression level of p120 and a higher expression level of PLC-γ1 compared with that of adjacent noncancerous tissue. These data indicate that p120 suppresses OSCC cell proliferation and tumor growth by inhibiting signaling mediated by nuclear PLC-γ1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shangli Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chandrama Shrestha
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyan Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bikle D, Christakos S. New aspects of vitamin D metabolism and action - addressing the skin as source and target. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:234-252. [PMID: 32029884 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-019-0312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has a key role in stimulating calcium absorption from the gut and promoting skeletal health, as well as many other important physiological functions. Vitamin D is produced in the skin. It is subsequently metabolized to its hormonally active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), by the 1-hydroxylase and catabolized by the 24-hydroxylase. In this Review, we pay special attention to the effect of mutations in these enzymes and their clinical manifestations. We then discuss the role of vitamin D binding protein in transporting vitamin D and its metabolites from their source to their targets, the free hormone hypothesis for cell entry and HSP70 for intracellular transport. This is followed by discussion of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that mediates the cellular actions of 1,25(OH)2D. Cell-specific recruitment of co-regulatory complexes by liganded VDR leads to changes in gene expression that result in distinct physiological actions by 1,25(OH)2D, which are disrupted by mutations in the VDR. We then discuss the epidermis and hair follicle, to provide a non-skeletal example of a tissue that expresses VDR that not only makes vitamin D but also can metabolize it to its hormonally active form. This enables vitamin D to regulate epidermal differentiation and hair follicle cycling and, in so doing, to promote barrier function, wound healing and hair growth, while limiting cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Departments of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Transcytosis of macromolecules through lung endothelial cells is the primary route of transport from the vascular compartment into the interstitial space. Endothelial transcytosis is mostly a caveolae-dependent process that combines receptor-mediated endocytosis, vesicle trafficking via actin-cytoskeletal remodeling, and SNARE protein directed vesicle fusion and exocytosis. Herein, we review the current literature on caveolae-mediated endocytosis, the role of actin cytoskeleton in caveolae stabilization at the plasma membrane, actin remodeling during vesicle trafficking, and exocytosis of caveolar vesicles. Next, we provide a concise summary of experimental methods employed to assess transcytosis. Finally, we review evidence that transcytosis contributes to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:491-508, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kovacs D, Maresca V, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Picardo M, Cardinali G. Bovine colostrum induces the differentiation of human primary keratinocytes. FASEB J 2020; 34:6302-6321. [PMID: 32157742 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900103rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine colostrum, the first milk secreted by the mammary glands of cows shortly after they have given birth, provides a natural source of bioactive substances helpful to promote tissue development and repair, and to maintain a healthy immune system. Owing to its properties, the use of colostrum in the treatment of human diseases is under investigation. We evaluated the biological activity of colostrum on human primary keratinocytes, focusing on its effects with regard to a proliferation/differentiation balance. Using cellular and molecular approaches, we showed that colostrum favors a cell cycle withdrawal by increasing the expression of p21/WAF1 and p27/KIP1. It also promotes the transition of keratinocytes from a proliferating to a differentiating state, as assessed by a decrease in keratin 5 and an increase in keratin 16. We demonstrated the ability of colostrum to induce the expression of early and late differentiation markers (keratin 1, involucrin, and filaggrin) and the synthesis of caspase 14 and bleomycin hydrolase, the two main enzymes involved in filaggrin maturation. Moreover, we showed that bovine colostrum is able to promote keratinocyte stratification and terminal differentiation not only in two-dimensional (2D), but also in a more physiological system of three-dimensional (3D) skin equivalents. Finally, we demonstrated that colostrum stimulates cell differentiation through the PI3K/PLC-γ1/PKCα pathways mainly associated to tyrosine kinase receptors. These results suggest the possibility to benefit from colostrum properties for the treatment of skin diseases characterized by altered differentiation and perturbed barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kovacs
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Maresca
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Cardinali
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang X, Teng M, Ji R, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Lv Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Huang Y. CD9 regulates keratinocyte differentiation and motility by recruiting E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1867:118574. [PMID: 31682865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During keratinocyte stratification and wound healing, keratinocytes undergo a switch between differentiation and motility. However, limited knowledge exists on the mechanisms of the switch. We have previously demonstrated that the expression of CD9 was changed in different wound stages and involved in the regulation of keratinocyte migration. In this study, we showed that CD9 expression was increased in both human and mouse keratinocytes undergoing differentiation. CD9 overexpression in keratinocytes stimulated terminal differentiation and reduced cell motility. CD9 silencing inhibited calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation and increased cell motility. Furthermore, CD9 overexpression recruited E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and subsequently activated PI3K/Akt signaling, while CD9 knockdown inhibited the recruitment of E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and PI3K/Akt activation. Importantly, silencing E-cadherin expression or inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling reversed CD9 overexpression-induced differentiation and -reduced motility. These results demonstrate that CD9 acts as an important node that regulates keratinocyte differentiation and motility. The recruitment of E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway mediated by CD9 play an important role in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Miao Teng
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ran Ji
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yanling Lv
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Institute of Burn Research, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahanty S, Dakappa SS, Shariff R, Patel S, Swamy MM, Majumdar A, Setty SRG. Keratinocyte differentiation promotes ER stress-dependent lysosome biogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:269. [PMID: 30890691 PMCID: PMC6425001 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocytes maintain epidermal integrity through cellular differentiation. This process enhances intraorganelle digestion in keratinocytes to sustain nutritional and calcium-ionic stresses observed in upper skin layers. However, the molecular mechanisms governing keratinocyte differentiation and concomitant increase in lysosomal function is poorly understood. Here, by using primary neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes, we identified the molecular link between signaling pathways and cellular differentiation/lysosome biogenesis. Incubation of keratinocytes with CaCl2 induces differentiation with increased cell size and early differentiation markers. Further, differentiated keratinocytes display enhanced lysosome biogenesis generated through ATF6-dependent ER stress signaling, but independent of mTOR-MiT/TFE pathway. In contrast, chemical inhibition of mTORC1 accelerates calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation, suggesting that activation of autophagy promotes the differentiation process. Moreover, differentiation of keratinocytes results in lysosome dispersion and Golgi fragmentation, and the peripheral lysosomes showed colocalization with Golgi-tethering proteins, suggesting that these organelles possibly derived from Golgi. In line, inhibition of Golgi function, but not the depletion of Golgi-tethers or altered lysosomal acidity, abolishes keratinocyte differentiation and lysosome biogenesis. Thus, ER stress regulates lysosome biogenesis and keratinocyte differentiation to maintain epidermal homeostasis. Lysosomes are the key digestive organelles of differentiated keratinocytes in the epidermis. Mahanty et al. show that ER stress but not mTOR-MiT/TFE factors promotes lysosome biogenesis during keratinocyte differentiation, which is critical for epidermal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mahanty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shruthi Shirur Dakappa
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Saloni Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | | | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR. Protein biomarker for psoriasis: A systematic review on their role in the pathomechanism, diagnosis, potential targets and treatment of psoriasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1796-1810. [PMID: 30017989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is defined as a long-lasting multifactorial inflammatory autoimmune skin condition precisely characterized by delimited, erythematic papules with adherent shiny scales. The conditions are led by hyperproliferative responses of epidermis due to hyperactivation and immature keratinocytes production. The psoriatic skin consists of the thickened epidermal layer, in concurrence with inflammatory exudates in the dermis mainly of dendritic cells, neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages, contributing to the distinct manifestation of psoriatic lesions. It consents to multifaceted and discrete pathology due to the genetic and immunological alteration resulting from abnormal expression of various regulatory and structural proteins. These proteins are associated with various cellular and sub-cellular activities. Therefore, the presence of protein in a pathological cellular environment in the psoriatic lesions as well as in serum could be a great avenue for the insight of pathomechanism, anticipation and diagnosis of psoriasis. Research of protein biomarker in psoriasis is yet a developing realm to be explored by both fundamental and clinical researchers. This review is an attempt to assimilate the current discoveries and revelations of different proteins as a biomarker and their importance in pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and anticipation of both the inflammatory and other dermatological aspects of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anguita E, Villalobo A. Ca 2+ signaling and Src-kinases-controlled cellular functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 650:59-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
16
|
Feeder Cells Free Rabbit Oral Mucosa Epithelial Cell Sheet Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:321-332. [PMID: 30603557 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal cell culture method of autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet is not well established for a safe transplantation on to the patients' ocular surface. Animal serum and 3T3 mouse feeder cells are currently being used to stimulate the growth of the epithelial cells. However, the use of animal compounds can have potential side effects for the patient after transplantation of the engineered cell sheet. In the present study, we focused on engineering a rabbit oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet without 3T3 mouse feeder cells using a mix of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium/Bronchial Epithelial Cell Growth Medium culture media (DMEM/BEGM). Autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets, engineered with DMEM/BEGM feeder cell free culture media, were compared to those cultured in presence of serum and feeder cells. Using a DMEM/BEGM mix culture media, feeder cell free culture condition, autologous oral mucosal epithelial cells reached confluence and formed a multilayered sheet. The phenotype of engineered cell sheets cultured with DMEM/BEGM were characterized and compared to those cultured with serum and feeder. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the formation of a similar stratified multilayer cell sheets, in both culture conditions. The expression of deltaN-p63, ABCG2, PCNA, E-cadherin, Beta-catenin, CK3, CK4, CK13, Muc5AC, was similar in both culture conditions. We demonstrated that rabbit autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell sheet can be engineered, in feeder cell free conditions. The use of the DMEM/BEGM culture media to engineer culture autologous oral mucosa epithelial cell sheet will help to identify key factors involved in the growth and differentiation of oral mucosal epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Khalid S, Hanif R. Association of rs1801157 single nucleotide polymorphism of CXCL12 gene in breast cancer in Pakistan and in-silico expression analysis of CXCL12-CXCR4 associated biological regulatory network. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3822. [PMID: 28929029 PMCID: PMC5602684 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) has important implications in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis. It is selectively expressed on B and T lymphocytes and is involved in hematopoiesis, thymocyte trafficking, stem cell motility, neovascularization, and tumorigenesis. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1801157 of CXCL12 gene has been found to be associated with higher risk of BC. Methods Our study focuses on the genotypic and allelic distribution of SNP (rs1801157; G/A) in Pakistani population as well as its association with the clinico-pathological features. The association between rs1801157 genotypes (G/A) and BC risks was assessed by a multivariate logistic regression (MLR) analysis. Genotyping was performed in both healthy individuals and patients of BC using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Furthermore, in-silico approaches were adapted to investigate the association of CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 with genes/proteins involved in BC signalling. Results Significant differences in allelic and genotypic distribution between BC patients and healthy individuals of genotype (G/G) and (A/G) (p < 0.05) were observed. The frequency of the allele G in the BC group (77%) was significantly higher as compared to control group (61%) (p = 0.01). The association of genotype GG with clinico-pathological features including age, stages of cancer and organ (lung, liver, bones and brain) metastasis (p > 0.05) was assessed. In a MLR analysis, a number of variables including age, weight of an individual, affected lymph nodes, hormonal status (estrogen and progesterone receptor), alcohol consumption and family history associated with the GG genotype (GG:AA, odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% CI [1.06–1.60]) were found to be independent risk factors for BC. Our in-vitro results suggest that genotype GG is possibly increasing the risk of BC in Pakistani cohorts. in-silico analysis finds that CXCL12–CXCR4 is associated with an increased expression of PDZK1, PI3k and Akt which lead the breast tumor towards metastasis. Conclusion Multiple targets such as CXCL12, CXCR4, PDZK1, PI3k and Akt can be inhibited in combined strategies to treat BC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samra Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB)/Assistant Professor/Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rumeza Hanif
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB)/Assistant Professor/Healthcare Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Dependent Signalling Pathways in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070086. [PMID: 28696382 PMCID: PMC5532622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) derives from keratinocytes in the epidermis and accounts for 15–20% of all cutaneous malignancies. Although it is usually curable by surgery, 5% of these tumours metastasise leading to poor prognosis mostly because of a lack of therapies and validated biomarkers. As the incidence rate is rising worldwide it has become increasingly important to better understand the mechanisms involved in cSCC development and progression in order to develop therapeutic strategies. Here we discuss some of the evidence indicating that activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks)-dependent signalling pathways (in particular the PI3Ks targets Akt and mTOR) has a key role in cSCC. We further discuss available data suggesting that inhibition of these pathways can be beneficial to counteract the disease. With the growing number of different inhibitors currently available, it would be important to further investigate the specific contribution of distinct components of the PI3Ks/Akt/mTOR pathways in order to identify the most promising molecular targets and the best strategy to inhibit cSCC.
Collapse
|
19
|
Oda Y, Hu L, Nguyen T, Fong C, Tu CL, Bikle DD. Combined Deletion of the Vitamin D Receptor and Calcium-Sensing Receptor Delays Wound Re-epithelialization. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1929-1938. [PMID: 28368538 PMCID: PMC5460927 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
When the skin is injured, keratinocytes proliferate, migrate, and differentiate to regenerate the epidermis. We recently showed that ablation of the vitamin D receptor (Vdr) in keratinocytes delays wound re-epithelialization in mice also fed a low-calcium diet, implicating a cooperative role of Vdr and calcium signaling in this process. In this study, we examined the role of vitamin D and calcium signaling in wound healing by deleting their receptors, Vdr and the calcium-sensing receptor (Casr). Gene expression profiling of neonatal epidermis lacking both Vdr and Casr [Vdr and Casr double knockout (DKO)] specifically in keratinocytes revealed that DKO affects a number of pathways relevant to wound healing, including Vdr, β-catenin, and adherens junction (AJ) signaling. In adult skin, DKO caused a significant delay in wound closure and re-epithelialization, whereas myofibroblast numbers and matrix deposition were unaffected. The injury-induced proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes was blunted in both epidermis and hair follicles, and expression of β-catenin target genes was reduced in the DKO. Expression of E-cadherin and desmoglein 1 was reduced in the shortened leading edges of the epithelial tongues re-epithelializing the wounds, consistent with the decreased migration rate of DKO keratinocytes in vitro. These results demonstrate that Vdr and Casr are required for β-catenin-regulated cell proliferation and AJ formation essential for re-epithelialization after wounding. We conclude that vitamin D and calcium signaling in keratinocytes are required for a normal regenerative response of the skin to wounding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Oda
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Thai Nguyen
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Chak Fong
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Chia-ling Tu
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Daniel D. Bikle
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94158
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sah SK, Kim HY, Lee JH, Lee SW, Kim HS, Kim YS, Kang KS, Kim TY. Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Coculture on Calcium-Induced Differentiation of Normal Human Keratinocytes. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1592-1602. [PMID: 28207189 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on keratinocytes in altered microenvironments is poorly understood. Here, we cocultured umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs with normal human epidermal keratinocytes to evaluate their paracrine effect in the presence of high extracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) concentration. High Ca2+ environment to keratinocytes can disrupt normal skin barrier function due to abnormal/premature differentiation of keratinocytes. Surprisingly, we found that MSCs suppress both proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes under a high Ca2+ environment in transforming growth factors β1 (TGFβ1)-dependent manner. Furthermore, we determined that MSCs can regulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, and protein kinase C pathways in Ca2+ -induced differentiated keratinocytes. Knockdown of TGFβ1 from MSCs results in decreased suppression of differentiation with significantly increased proliferation of keratinocytes compared with control MSCs. MSCs-derived TGFβ1 further induced growth inhibition of keratinocyte in high extracellular Ca2+ environment as analyzed by a decrease in DNA synthesis, accumulation of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, cdc2, and increased mRNA level of p21, and independent of TGFβ1/SMAD pathway. Taken together, we found that MSCs-derived TGFβ1 is a critical regulator of keratinocyte function, and involves multiple proximal signaling cascades. Stem Cells 2017;35:1592-1602.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kishor Sah
- Laboratory of Dermatology-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Kim
- Laboratory of Dermatology-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Lee
- Department of Dermatology, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincent's Hospital, Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Wook Lee
- Department of Integrated Life Sciences, Dankook University, Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sik Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Soo Kim
- Graduate School of New Drug Development, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Kim
- Laboratory of Dermatology-Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Uchida R, Aoki R, Aoki-Yoshida A, Tajima A, Takayama Y. Promoting effect of lactoferrin on barrier function and epithelial differentiation of human keratinocytes. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:64-68. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of bovine lactoferrin on keratinocyte differentiation and barrier function. Addition of bovine lactoferrin to differentiating HaCaT human keratinocytes led to increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), a marker of epithelial barrier function. This elevation was followed by upregulation of two differentiation markers, involucrin and filaggrin. The expression level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 was also enhanced by bovine lactoferrin. The lactoferrin-induced upregulation of involucrin and filaggrin expression were confirmed in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). Treatment with SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) α inhibitor, impaired the upregulation of involucrin and filaggrin expression in response to lactoferrin. The elevation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation was further enhanced by lactoferrin in the initial stage of differentiation of HaCaT keratinocytes. The findings suggest that bovine lactoferrin promotes epithelial differentiation by a p38-MAPK-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Uchida
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Reiji Aoki
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| | - Ayako Aoki-Yoshida
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Takayama
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wolf C, Qian Y, Brooke MA, Kelsell DP, Franzke CW. ADAM17/EGFR axis promotes transglutaminase-dependent skin barrier formation through phospholipase C γ1 and protein kinase C pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39780. [PMID: 28004780 PMCID: PMC5177948 DOI: 10.1038/srep39780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitally important skin barrier is formed by extensive cross-linking activity of transglutaminases (TGs) during terminal epidermal differentiation. We have previously shown that epidermal deficiency of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), the principal EGFR ligand sheddase, results in postnatal skin barrier defects in mice due to impeded TG activity. However, the mechanism by which ADAM17/EGFR signalling maintains TG activity during epidermal differentiation remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that ADAM17-dependent EGFR signalling promotes TG activity in keratinocytes committed to terminal differentiation by direct induction of TG1 expression. Restored TG1 expression of EGF-stimulated differentiated Adam17-/- keratinocytes was strongly repressed by inhibitors for PLCγ1 or protein kinase C (PKC) pathways, while treatment with the PKC stimulator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate restored TG activity in the epidermis of keratinocyte-specific Adam17-/- (AD17ΔKC) mice. Further investigations emphasized the expression of PKCη, a mediator of TGM1 transcription, to be sensitive to EGFR activation. In agreement, topical skin application of cholesterol sulfate, an activator of PKCη, significantly improved TG activity in epidermis of AD17ΔKC mice. Our results suggest ADAM17/EGFR-driven PLCγ1 and PKC pathways as important promoters of TG1 expression during terminal keratinocyte differentiation. These findings may help to identify new therapeutic targets for inflammatory skin diseases related to epidermal barrier defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yawen Qian
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew A. Brooke
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Kelsell
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claus-Werner Franzke
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xie Z, Yuan Y, Jiang Y, Shrestha C, Chen Y, Liao L, Ji S, Deng X, Liao E, Bikle DD. p120-Catenin Is Required for Dietary Calcium Suppression of Oral Carcinogenesis in Mice. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1360-1367. [PMID: 27682597 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan China
- Endocrine Unit; Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Northern California Institute for Research and Education and University of California; San Francisco California
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Pathology; The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Chandrama Shrestha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Liyan Liao
- Department of Pathology; The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Shangli Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaoge Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Eryuan Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; The Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Daniel D. Bikle
- Endocrine Unit; Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Northern California Institute for Research and Education and University of California; San Francisco California
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bikle DD, Jiang Y, Nguyen T, Oda Y, Tu CL. Disruption of Vitamin D and Calcium Signaling in Keratinocytes Predisposes to Skin Cancer. Front Physiol 2016; 7:296. [PMID: 27462278 PMCID: PMC4940389 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active metabolite of vitamin D, and calcium regulate epidermal differentiation. 1,25(OH)2D exerts its effects through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor in the nuclear hormone receptor family, whereas calcium acts through the calcium sensing receptor (Casr), a membrane bound member of the G protein coupled receptor family. We have developed mouse models in which the Vdr and Casr have been deleted in the epidermis (epidVdr−∕− and epidCasr−∕−). Both genotypes show abnormalities in calcium induced epidermal differentiation in vivo and in vitro, associated with altered hedgehog (HH) and β–catenin signaling that when abnormally expressed lead to basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and trichofolliculomas, respectively. The Vdr−∕− mice are susceptible to tumor formation following UVB or chemical carcinogen exposure. More recently we found that the keratinocytes from these mice over express long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) oncogenes such as H19 and under express lncRNA tumor suppressors such as lincRNA-21. Spontaneous tumors have not been observed in either the epidVdr−∕− or epidCasr−∕−. But in mice with epidermal specific deletion of both Vdr and Casr (epidVdr−∕−/epidCasr−∕− [DKO]) tumor formation occurs spontaneously when the DKO mice are placed on a low calcium diet. These results demonstrate important interactions between vitamin D and calcium signaling through their respective receptors that lead to cancer when these signals are disrupted. The roles of the β–catenin, hedgehog, and lncRNA pathways in predisposing the epidermis to tumor formation when vitamin D and calcium signaling are disrupted will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thai Nguyen
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Oda
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 Is Required for Extracellular Calcium-Induced Keratinocyte Differentiation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3062765. [PMID: 27340655 PMCID: PMC4909930 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3062765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular calcium is a major regulator of keratinocyte differentiation in vitro and appears to play that role in vivo, but the mechanism is unclear. We have previously demonstrated that, following calcium stimulation, PIP5K1α is recruited by the E-cadherin-β-catenin complex to the plasma membrane where it provides the substrate PIP2 for both PI3K and PLC-γ1. This signaling pathway is critical for calcium-induced generation of second messengers including IP3 and intracellular calcium and keratinocyte differentiation. In this study, we explored the upstream regulatory mechanism by which calcium activates PIP5K1α and the role of this activation in calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation. We found that treatment of human keratinocytes in culture with calcium resulted in an increase in serine dephosphorylation and PIP5K1α activation. PP1 knockdown blocked extracellular calcium-induced increase in serine dephosphorylation and activity of PIP5K1α and induction of keratinocyte differentiation markers. Knockdown of PLC-γ1, the downstream effector of PIP5K1α, blocked upstream dephosphorylation and PIP5K1α activation induced by calcium. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed calcium induced recruitment of PP1 to the E-cadherin-catenin-PIP5K1α complex in the plasma membrane. These results indicate that PP1 is recruited to the extracellular calcium-dependent E-cadherin-catenin-PIP5K1α complex in the plasma membrane to activate PIP5K1α, which is required for PLC-γ1 activation leading to keratinocyte differentiation.
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen YW, Yin S, Lai YJJ, Johnson MD, Lin CY. Plasminogen-Dependent Matriptase Activation Accelerates Plasmin Generation by Differentiating Primary Human Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1210-1218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Fyn kinase genetic ablation causes structural abnormalities in mature retina and defective Müller cell function. Mol Cell Neurosci 2016; 72:91-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
28
|
De Bock M, Van Haver V, Vandenbroucke RE, Decrock E, Wang N, Leybaert L. Into rather unexplored terrain-transcellular transport across the blood-brain barrier. Glia 2016; 64:1097-123. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marijke De Bock
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Valérie Van Haver
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Nan Wang
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
JIA HAIYAN, SHI YING, LUO LONGFEI, JIANG GUAN, ZHOU QIONG, XU SHIZHENG, LEI TIECHI. Asymmetric stem-cell division ensures sustained keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriatic skin lesions. Int J Mol Med 2016; 37:359-68. [PMID: 26707630 PMCID: PMC4716788 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive expansion of the transit-amplifying (TA) cell compartment is a distinct morphological characteristic of psoriatic epidermal hyperplasia. In order to examine the activation of basal stem cells and how they replenish such an enlarged compartment of TA cells in psoriatic epidermis, we utilized a BrdU labeling method to monitor mitotic stem cells in a mouse model of psoriasiform dermatitis, which was induced by imiquimod. Our results showed that perpendicular and parallel cell division characteristics of dividing stem cells existed in the inflamed epidermis. When we analyzed template‑DNA strand segregation in trypsin-dissociated human psoriatic keratinocytes using BrdU pulse-chase labeling, we found that the percentage of asymmetric segregation of BrdU was significantly increased in the cell pairs of psoriatic epidermal cells compared with normal epidermal cells. Furthermore, we also examined the effects of both interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22 cytokines on the differentiation status of cultured human keratinocytes. The results indicated that both cytokines had synergistic effects on passage-one epidermal cell sheets derived from skin explants and also on cultured keratinocytes, were involved in the maintenance of the undifferentiated stem cell phenotype, and these results suggest an efficient mechanism for preventing the premature loss of basal stem-cell pools in the pro-inflammatory cytokine-enriched milieu of the psoriatic epidermis. Our findings suggest that inhibition of hyperactive stem cells represents a potential therapeutic target to combat recalcitrant epidermal hyperplasia in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HAI-YAN JIA
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - YING SHI
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - LONG-FEI LUO
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - GUAN JIANG
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - QIONG ZHOU
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - SHI-ZHENG XU
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - TIE-CHI LEI
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang H, Lu H, Shrestha C, Feng Y, Li Y, Peng J, Li Y, Xie Z. In serum, higher parathyroid hormone but not lower vitamin D is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:e259-63. [PMID: 26300676 DOI: 10.3747/co.22.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D and calcium are known to regulate differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes; they might potentially have a role in suppressing carcinogenesis in squamous epithelium. Serum parathyroid hormone (pth) is a sensitive indicator of calcium and vitamin D deficiency, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is an established marker of vitamin D status. METHODS To determine whether levels of 25(OH)D, calcium, or pth in serum are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc), we examined those parameters in serum collected from 70 patients with oscc and from an equal number of matched control subjects. RESULTS The results showed that intact pth was significantly higher in serum from oscc patients than in serum from control subjects. However, we observed no significant differences in 25(OH)D or calcium in serum from oscc patients and from control subjects. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that higher serum pth, but not lower serum vitamin D or calcium, is associated with oscc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - H Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - C Shrestha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - Y Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - Y Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - J Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| | - Y Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Xiangtan, Xiangtan, PRC
| | - Z Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PRC
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jiang Y, Liao L, Shrestha C, Ji S, Chen Y, Peng J, Wang L, Liao E, Xie Z. Reduced expression of E-cadherin and p120-catenin and elevated expression of PLC-γ1 and PIKE are associated with aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:9042-51. [PMID: 26464646 PMCID: PMC4583878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors. The cadherin/catenin cell-cell adhesion complex plays a major role in cancer development and progression. p120-catenin (p120) is a cytoplasmic molecule closely associated with E-cadherin which activates phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1). Our previous studies indicate that activation of PLC-γ1 plays a critical role in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced migration and proliferation of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhancer (PIKE) is highly expressed in SCC cells and mediates EGFR-dependent SCC cell proliferation. Our current study was to determine whether the expression of E-cadherin, p120, PLC-γ1, and PIKE, is associated with OSCC. To address this issue, we assessed levels and localization of E-cadherin, p120, PLC-γ1, and PIKE in specimen of 92 patients with OSCC by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the expression of E-cadherin, and p120 negatively correlated with the tumor differentiation and the expression of PLC-γ1 and PIKE positively correlated with the tumor differentiation. The expression of PLC-γ1 and PIKE in OSCC stage T3 + T4 or in OSCC with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in OSCC stage T1 + T2 or in OSCC without lymph node metastasis. The expression of p120 positively correlated with levels of E-cadherin but negatively correlated with levels of PLC-γ1 and PIKE in OSCC. These data indicate that increased expression of PLC-γ1 and PIKE and decreased expression of E-cadherin and p120 are associated with the aggressiveness of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liyan Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chandrama Shrestha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shangli Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Larry Wang
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Eryuan Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mirza H, Kumar A, Craiglow BG, Zhou J, Saraceni C, Torbeck R, Ragsdale B, Rehder P, Ranki A, Choate KA. Mutations Affecting Keratin 10 Surface-Exposed Residues Highlight the Structural Basis of Phenotypic Variation in Epidermolytic Ichthyosis. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:3041-3050. [PMID: 26176760 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) due to KRT10 mutations is a rare, typically autosomal dominant, disorder characterized by generalized erythema and cutaneous blistering at birth followed by hyperkeratosis and less frequent blistering later in life. We identified two KRT10 mutations p.Q434del and p.R441P in subjects presenting with a mild EI phenotype. Both occur within the mutational "hot spot" of the keratin 10 (K10) 2B rod domain, adjacent to severe EI-associated mutations. p.Q434del and p.R441P formed collapsed K10 fibers rather than aggregates characteristic of severe EI KRT10 mutations such as p.R156C. Upon differentiation, keratinocytes from p.Q434del showed significantly lower apoptosis (P-value<0.01) compared with p.R156C as assessed by the TUNEL assay. Conversely, the mitotic index of the p.Q434del epidermis was significantly higher compared with that of p.R156C (P-value<0.01) as estimated by the Ki67 assay. Structural basis of EI phenotype variation was investigated by homology-based modeling of wild-type and mutant K1-K10 dimers. Both mild EI mutations were found to affect the surface-exposed residues of the K10 alpha helix coiled-coil and caused localized disorganization of the K1-K10 heterodimer. In contrast, adjacent severe EI mutations disrupt key intermolecular dimer interactions. Our findings provide structural insights into phenotypic variation in EI due to KRT10 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haris Mirza
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Brittany G Craiglow
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Corey Saraceni
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard Torbeck
- St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital-Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Ragsdale
- Central Coast Pathology Laboratory, San Louis, California, USA
| | - Paul Rehder
- The Dermatology Medical Group of Oxnard and Camarillo, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Keith A Choate
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Genetics and Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jiang Y, Liao L, Shrestha C, Li D, Li M, Mu Y, Crumrine D, Wang L, Xie Z. Inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced oral carcinogenesis by dietary calcium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:3529-3542. [PMID: 26097536 PMCID: PMC4466923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a strong inducer of keratinocyte differentiation. We have previously demonstrated that extracellular calcium promotes keratinocyte differentiation via E-cadherin-catenin complex-mediated phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) activation in the plasma membrane. However, it is unclear whether dietary calcium regulates keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation or carcinogenesis. To address this issue, the rates of oral tumor and levels of proliferation and differentiation in the oral epithelium were assessed in mice on different calcium diets and the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. The results showed that mice on the high calcium diet had lower rates of oral tumors, lower levels of proliferation and higher levels of differentiation in the normal oral epithelium than those on the normal calcium diet. Higher levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, p120-catenin (p120), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and calcium and lower levels of PLC-γ1 were also noted in the normal oral epithelium in mice on high calcium diet than the control mice. In contrast, mice on low calcium diet had opposite effects. However, dietary calcium had no effect on the proliferation, differentiation or the levels of E-cadherin, β-catenin, p120, PLC-γ1 and EGFR in oral tumors. These data indicate that dietary calcium increases calcium levels in oral epithelium, suppresses oral carcinogenesis, inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of normal oral epithelium. Increased E-cadherin, β-catenin, p120 and EGFR and decreased PLC-γ1 may participate in the inhibitory effect of dietary calcium in oral carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Liyan Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chandrama Shrestha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Daiqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Meirong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Mu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Endocsrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northern California Institute for Research and Education and University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Larry Wang
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
- Endocsrine Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northern California Institute for Research and Education and University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xian LJ, Roy Chowdhury S, Bin Saim A, Bt Hj Idrus R. Concentration-dependent effect of platelet-rich plasma on keratinocyte and fibroblast wound healing. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:293-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
35
|
Park KH, Kim KN, Park DR, Jang KY, Kim UH. Role of Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAADP) in Keratinocyte Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1692-1694. [PMID: 25668236 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea; National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Development, Nambu University, Gwangju 506-706, Korea
| | - Kwang N Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea; National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Dae-Ryoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea; National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyu Y Jang
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea; National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Vitamin D and calcium are well-established regulators of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, it was not a great surprise that deletion of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) should predispose the skin to tumor formation, and that the combination of deleting both the VDR and calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) should be especially pro-oncogenic. In this review I have examined 4 mechanisms that appear to underlie the means by which VDR acts as a tumor suppressor in skin. First, DNA damage repair is curtailed in the absence of the VDR, allowing mutations in DNA to accumulate. Second and third involve the increased activation of the hedgehog and β-catenin pathways in the epidermis in the absence of the VDR, leading to poorly regulated proliferation with reduced differentiation. Finally, VDR deletion leads to a shift in the expression of long noncoding RNAs toward a more oncogenic profile. How these different mechanisms interact and their relative importance in the predisposition of the VDR null epidermis to tumor formation remain under active investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- VA Medical Center and University of California San Francisco, 1700 Owens Street, Room 373, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fenton SE, Denning MF. FYNagling divergent adhesive functions for Fyn in keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2014; 24:81-5. [PMID: 24980626 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fyn, a member of the Src family kinases (SFKs), has been shown to play important yet contradictory roles in keratinocyte (KC) adhesion. During KC differentiation, physiological activation of Fyn results in the formation of adherens junctions, recruiting junctional components and inducing signaling pathways that control the differentiation program. However, in KC transformation and oncogenesis, increased Fyn activity has been implicated in the dissolution of adhesion structures and an increased migratory phenotype. Fyn activity is also associated with both the formation and dissolution of focal adhesions, and to a lesser extent hemidesmosomes and desmosomes. This viewpoint article aims to reconcile these disparate bodies of literature regarding Fyn's role in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion by proposing several alternative, testable hypotheses that unify Fyn's fractured functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fenton
- Molecular Biology Program, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nava P, Kamekura R, Quirós M, Medina-Contreras O, Hamilton RW, Kolegraff KN, Koch S, Candelario A, Romo-Parra H, Laur O, Hilgarth RS, Denning TL, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. IFNγ-induced suppression of β-catenin signaling: evidence for roles of Akt and 14.3.3ζ. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2894-904. [PMID: 25079689 PMCID: PMC4230580 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-09-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine interferon γ (IFNγ ) influences intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) homeostasis in a biphasic manner by acutely stimulating proliferation that is followed by sustained inhibition of proliferation despite continued mucosal injury. β-Catenin activation has been classically associated with increased IEC proliferation. However, we observed that IFNγ inhibits IEC proliferation despite sustained activation of Akt/β-catenin signaling. Here we show that inhibition of Akt/β-catenin-mediated cell proliferation by IFNγ is associated with the formation of a protein complex containing phosphorylated β-catenin 552 (pβ-cat552) and 14.3.3ζ. Akt1 served as a bimodal switch that promotes or inhibits β-catenin transactivation in response to IFNγ stimulation. IFNγ initially promotes β-catenin transactivation through Akt-dependent C-terminal phosphorylation of β-catenin to promote its association with 14.3.3ζ. Augmented β-catenin transactivation leads to increased Akt1 protein levels, and active Akt1 accumulates in the nucleus, where it phosphorylates 14.3.3ζ to translocate 14.3.3ζ/β-catenin from the nucleus, thereby inhibiting β-catenin transactivation and IEC proliferation. These results outline a dual function of Akt1 that suppresses IEC proliferation during intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio Nava
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Miguel Quirós
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Ross W Hamilton
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Keli N Kolegraff
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Stefan Koch
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aurora Candelario
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hector Romo-Parra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico Institute of Physiology I (Neurophysiology), Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Oskar Laur
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Roland S Hilgarth
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kinsey WH. SRC-family tyrosine kinases in oogenesis, oocyte maturation and fertilization: an evolutionary perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 759:33-56. [PMID: 25030759 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0817-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oocyte is a highly specialized cell poised to respond to fertilization with a unique set of actions needed to recognize and incorporate a single sperm, complete meiosis, reprogram maternal and paternal genomes and assemble them into a unique zygotic genome, and finally initiate the mitotic cell cycle. Oocytes accomplish this diverse series of events through an array of signal transduction pathway components that include a characteristic collection of protein tyrosine kinases. The src-family protein kinases (SFKs) figure importantly in this signaling array and oocytes characteristically express certain SFKs at high levels to provide for the unique actions that the oocyte must perform. The SFKs typically exhibit a distinct pattern of subcellular localization in oocytes and perform critical functions in different subcellular compartments at different steps during oocyte maturation and fertilization. While many aspects of SFK signaling are conserved among oocytes from different species, significant differences exist in the extent to which src-family-mediated pathways are used by oocytes from species that fertilize externally vs those which are fertilized internally. The observation that several oocyte functions which require SFK signaling appear to represent common points of failure during assisted reproductive techniques in humans, highlights the importance of these signaling pathways for human reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William H Kinsey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen H, Ma J, Sunkel B, Luo A, Ding F, Li Y, He H, Zhang S, Xu C, Jin Q, Wang Q, Liu Z. S100A14: Novel Modulator of Terminal Differentiation in Esophageal Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:1542-53. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
41
|
Schernthaner M, Leitinger G, Wolinski H, Kohlwein SD, Reisinger B, Barb RA, Graier WF, Heitz J, Groschner K. Enhanced Ca 2+Entry and Tyrosine Phosphorylation Mediate Nanostructure-Induced Endothelial Proliferation. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2013; 2013:251063. [PMID: 24729782 PMCID: PMC3982206 DOI: 10.1155/2013/251063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured substrates have been recognized to initiate transcriptional programs promoting cell proliferation. Specifically β-catenin has been identified as transcriptional regulator, activated by adhesion to nanostructures. We set out to identify processes responsible for nanostructure-induced endothelial β-catenin signaling. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of cell contacts to differently sized polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surface structures (ripples with 250 to 300 nm and walls with 1.5 μm periodicity) revealed different patterns of cell-substrate interactions. Cell adhesion to ripples occurred exclusively on ripple peaks, while cells were attached to walls continuously. The Src kinase inhibitor PP2 was active only in cells grown on ripples, while the Abl inhibitors dasatinib and imatinib suppressed β-catenin translocation on both structures. Moreover, Gd3+ sensitive Ca2+ entry was observed in response to mechanical stimulation or Ca2+ store depletion exclusively in cells grown on ripples. Both PP2 and Gd3+ suppressed β-catenin nuclear translocation along with proliferation in cells grown on ripples but not on walls. Our results suggest that adhesion of endothelial cells to ripple structured PET induces highly specific, interface topology-dependent changes in cellular signalling, characterized by promotion of Gd3+ -sensitive Ca2+ entry and Src/Abl activation. We propose that these signaling events are crucially involved in nanostructure-induced promotion of cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerd Leitinger
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Core Facility Ultrastructure Analysis, Center for Medical Research, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sepp D. Kohlwein
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Reisinger
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ruxandra-A. Barb
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang F. Graier
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Heitz
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhao KN, Masci PP, Chen J, Lavin MF. Calcium prevents retinoic acid-induced disruption of the spectrin-based cytoskeleton in keratinocytes through the Src/PI3K-p85α/AKT/PKCδ/β-adducin pathways. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:151-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Nan Zhao
- Centre for Kidney Disease--Venomics Research, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tu CL, Bikle DD. Role of the calcium-sensing receptor in calcium regulation of epidermal differentiation and function. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27:415-27. [PMID: 23856269 PMCID: PMC3713412 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium composed of proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes. It serves as the body's major physical and chemical barrier against infection and harsh environmental insults, as well as preventing excess water loss from the body into the atmosphere. Calcium is a key regulator of the proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes. Elevated extracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]o) raises the levels of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i), promotes cell-cell adhesion, and activates differentiation-related genes. Keratinocytes deficient in the calcium-sensing receptor fail to respond to [Ca(2+)]o stimulation and to differentiate, indicating a role for the calcium-sensing receptor in transducing the [Ca(2+)]o signal during differentiation. The concepts derived from in vitro gene knockdown experiments have been evaluated and confirmed in three mouse models in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affair Medical Center and The University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Leonard M, Zhang L, Bleaken BM, Menko AS. Distinct roles for N-Cadherin linked c-Src and fyn kinases in lens development. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:469-84. [PMID: 23361870 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) are often coincidently expressed but few studies have dissected their individual functions in the same cell during development. Using the classical embryonic lens as our model, we investigated SFK signaling in the regulation of both differentiation initiation and morphogenesis, and the distinct functions of c-Src and Fyn in these processes. RESULTS Blocking SFK activity with the highly specific inhibitor PP1 induced initiation of the lens differentiation program but blocked lens fiber cell elongation and organization into mini lens-like structures called lentoids. These dichotomous roles for SFK signaling were discovered to reflect distinct functions of c-Src and Fyn and their differentiation-state-specific recruitment to and action at N-cadherin junctions. c-Src was highly associated with the nascent N-cadherin junctions of undifferentiated lens epithelial cells. Its siRNA knockdown promoted N-cadherin junctional maturation, blocked proliferation, and induced lens cell differentiation. In contrast, Fyn was recruited to mature N-cadherin junctions of differentiating lens cells and siRNA knockdown suppressed differentiation-specific gene expression and blocked morphogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Through inhibition of N-cadherin junction maturation, c-Src promotes lens epithelial cell proliferation and the maintenance of the lens epithelial cell undifferentiated state, while Fyn, signaling downstream of mature N-cadherin junctions, promotes lens fiber cell morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Leonard
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xie Z, Jiang Y, Liao EY, Chen Y, Pennypacker SD, Peng J, Chang SM. PIKE mediates EGFR proliferative signaling in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2012; 31:5090-8. [PMID: 22349826 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the key drivers for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) proliferation is activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a known proto-oncogene. However, the mechanism of EGFR-dependent SCC proliferation remains unclear. Our previous studies indicate that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced SCC cell proliferation requires the SH3 domain of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1), but not its catalytic activity. The SH3 domain of PLC-γ1 is known to activate the short form of nuclear phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhancer (PIKE) that enhances the activity of nuclear class Ia phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) required for proliferation. However, PIKE has been described for more than a decade to be present exclusively in neuronal cells. In the present study, we found that PIKE was highly expressed in malignant human keratinocytes (SCC4 and SCC12B2) but had low expression in normal human keratinocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed strong nuclear staining of PIKE in human epidermal and tongue SCC specimens but little staining in the adjacent non-cancerous epithelium. Treatment of SCC4 cells with EGF-induced translocation of PLC-γ1 to the nucleus and binding of PLC-γ1 to the nuclear PIKE. Knockdown of PLC-γ1 or PIKE blocked EGF-induced activation of class Ia PI3K and protein kinase C-ζ and phosphorylation of nucleolin in the nucleus as well as EGF-induced SCC cell proliferation. However, inhibition of the catalytic activity of PLC-γ1 had little effect. These data suggest that PIKE has a critical role in EGF-induced SCC cell proliferation and may function as a proto-oncogene in SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Xie
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Calcium is the major regulator of keratinocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. A calcium gradient within the epidermis promotes the sequential differentiation of keratinocytes as they traverse the different layers of the epidermis to form the permeability barrier of the stratum corneum. Calcium promotes differentiation by both outside-in and inside-out signaling. A number of signaling pathways involved with differentiation are regulated by calcium, including the formation of desmosomes, adherens junctions and tight junctions, which maintain cell-cell adhesion and play an important intracellular signaling role through their activation of various kinases and phospholipases that produce second messengers that regulate intracellular free calcium and PKC activity, critical for the differentiation process. The calcium receptor plays a central role by initiating the intracellular signaling events that drive differentiation in response to extracellular calcium. This review will discuss these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The keratinocytes of the skin are unique in being not only the primary source of vitamin D for the body, but in possessing both the enzymatic machinery to metabolize the vitamin D produced to active metabolites (in particular 1,25(OH)(2)D) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that enables the keratinocytes to respond to the 1,25(OH)(2)D thus generated. Numerous functions of the skin are regulated by vitamin D and/or its receptor. These include inhibition of proliferation, stimulation of differentiation including formation of the permeability barrier, promotion of innate immunity, regulation of the hair follicle cycle, and suppression of tumor formation. Regulation of these actions is exerted by a number of different coregulator complexes including the coactivators vitamin D receptor interacting protein (DRIP) complex also known as Mediator and the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family (of which SRC 2 and 3 are found in keratincytes), the inhibitor hairless (Hr), and β-catenin whose impact on VDR function is complex. Different coregulators appear to be involved in different VDR regulated functions. This review will examine the various functions of vitamin D and its receptor in the skin, and explore the mechanisms by which these functions are regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center/University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang YR, Choi JH, Chang JS, Kwon HM, Jang HJ, Ryu SH, Suh PG. Diverse cellular and physiological roles of phospholipase C-γ1. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 52:138-151. [PMID: 21964416 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ryoul Yang
- School of Nano-Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee CM, Yang P, Chen LC, Chen CC, Wu SC, Cheng HY, Chang YS. A novel role of RASSF9 in maintaining epidermal homeostasis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17867. [PMID: 21445300 PMCID: PMC3061870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological role of RASSF9, a member of the Ras-association domain family (RASSF), is currently unclear. Here, we report a mouse line in which an Epstein-Barr virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) transgene insertion has created a 7.2-kb chromosomal deletion, which abolished RASSF9 gene expression. The RASSF9-null mice exhibited interesting phenotypes that resembled human ageing, including growth retardation, short lifespan, less subcutaneous adipose layer and alopecia. In the wild-type mice, RASSF9 is predominantly expressed in the epidermal keratinocytes of skin, as determined by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. In contrast, RASSF9-/- mice presented a dramatic change in epithelial organization of skin with increased proliferation and aberrant differentiation as detected by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays and immunofluorescence analyses. Furthermore, characteristic functions of RASSF9-/- versus wild type (WT) mouse primary keratinocytes showed significant proliferation linked to a reduction of p21Cip1 expression under growth or early differentiation conditions. Additionally, in RASSF9-/- keratinocytes there was a drastic down-modulation of terminal differentiation markers, which could be rescued by infection with a recombinant adenovirus, Adv/HA-RASSF9. Our results indicate a novel and significant role of RASSF9 in epidermal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Mei Lee
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tu CL, Chang W, Bikle DD. The calcium-sensing receptor-dependent regulation of cell-cell adhesion and keratinocyte differentiation requires Rho and filamin A. J Invest Dermatol 2011; 131:1119-28. [PMID: 21209619 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)(o)) functioning through the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) induces E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and cellular signals mediating cell differentiation in epidermal keratinocytes. Previous studies indicate that CaR regulates cell-cell adhesion through Fyn/Src tyrosine kinases. In this study, we investigate whether Rho GTPase is a part of the CaR-mediated signaling cascade regulating cell adhesion and differentiation. Suppressing endogenous Rho A expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing blocked the Ca(2+)(o)-induced association of Fyn with E-cadherin and suppressed the Ca(2+)(o)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of β-, γ-, and p120-catenin and formation of intercellular adherens junctions. Rho A silencing also decreased the Ca(2+)(o)-stimulated expression of terminal differentiation markers. Elevating the Ca(2+)(o) level induced interactions among CaR, Rho A, E-cadherin, and the scaffolding protein filamin A at the cell membrane. Inactivation of CaR expression by adenoviral expression of a CaR antisense complementary DNA inhibited Ca(2+)(o)-induced activation of endogenous Rho. Ca(2+)(o) activation of Rho required a direct interaction between CaR and filamin A. Interference of CaR-filamin interaction inhibited Ca(2+)(o)-induced Rho activation and the formation of cell-cell junctions. These results indicate that Rho is a downstream mediator of CaR in the regulation of Ca(2+)(o)-induced E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and keratinocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Unit, Veteran Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, California 94121, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|