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Mehlich D, Łomiak M, Sobiborowicz A, Mazan A, Dymerska D, Szewczyk ŁM, Mehlich A, Borowiec A, Prełowska MK, Gorczyński A, Jabłoński P, Iżycka-Świeszewska E, Nowis D, Marusiak AA. MLK4 regulates DNA damage response and promotes triple-negative breast cancer chemoresistance. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1111. [PMID: 34839359 PMCID: PMC8627512 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance constitutes a major challenge in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Mixed-Lineage Kinase 4 (MLK4) is frequently amplified or overexpressed in TNBC where it facilitates the aggressive growth and migratory potential of breast cancer cells. However, the functional role of MLK4 in resistance to chemotherapy has not been investigated so far. Here, we demonstrate that MLK4 promotes TNBC chemoresistance by regulating the pro-survival response to DNA-damaging therapies. We observed that MLK4 knock-down or inhibition sensitized TNBC cell lines to chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Similarly, MLK4-deficient cells displayed enhanced sensitivity towards doxorubicin treatment in vivo. MLK4 silencing induced persistent DNA damage accumulation and apoptosis in TNBC cells upon treatment with chemotherapeutics. Using phosphoproteomic profiling and reporter assays, we demonstrated that loss of MLK4 reduced phosphorylation of key DNA damage response factors, including ATM and CHK2, and compromised DNA repair via non-homologous end-joining pathway. Moreover, our mRNA-seq analysis revealed that MLK4 is required for DNA damage-induced expression of several NF-кB-associated cytokines, which facilitate TNBC cells survival. Lastly, we found that high MLK4 expression is associated with worse overall survival of TNBC patients receiving anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Collectively, these results identify a novel function of MLK4 in the regulation of DNA damage response signaling and indicate that inhibition of this kinase could be an effective strategy to overcome TNBC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Mehlich
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Doctoral School of Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Łomiak
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sobiborowicz
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Mazan
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Dymerska
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz M Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Mehlich
- Department of Internal Diseases Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Borowiec
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika K Prełowska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Jabłoński
- Department of Pathomorphology, Copernicus P.L., Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Iżycka-Świeszewska
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna A Marusiak
- Laboratory of Molecular OncoSignalling, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. .,ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Zhang J, Tang X, Huang C, Liu Z, Ye Y. Oleic Acid Copolymer as A Novel Upconversion Nanomaterial to Make Doxorubicin-Loaded Nanomicelles with Dual Responsiveness to pH and NIR. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070680. [PMID: 32698309 PMCID: PMC7408047 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) as main component of plant oil is an important solvent but seldom used in the nanocarrier of anticancer drugs because of strong hydrophobicity and little drug release. In order to develop a new type of OA nanomaterial with dual responses to pH and near infrared light (NIR) to achieve the intelligent delivery of anticancer drugs. The novel OA copolymer (mPEG-PEI-(NBS, OA)) was synthesized by grafting OA and o-nitrobenzyl succinate (NBS) onto mPEGylated polyethyleneimine (mPEG-PEI) by amidation reaction. It was further conjugated with NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles, and encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX) through self-assembly to make upconversion nanomicelles with dual response to pH and NIR. Drug release behavior of DOX, physicochemical characteristics of the nanomicelles were evaluated, along with its cytotoxic profile, as well as the degree of cellular uptake in A549 cells. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of DOX in the nanomicelles were 73.84% ± 0.58% and 4.62% ± 0.28%, respectively, and the encapsulated DOX was quickly released in an acidic environment exposed to irradiation at 980 nm. The blank nanomicelles exhibited low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility by MTT assay against A549 cells. The DOX-loaded nanomicelles showed remarkable cytotoxicity to A549 cells under NIR, and promoted the cellular uptake of DOX into the cytoplasm and nucleus of cancer cells. OA copolymer can effectively deliver DOX to cancer cells and achieve tumor targeting through a dual response to pH and NIR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong Ye
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-87110234
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3
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Law BYK, Mok SWF, Chan WK, Xu SW, Wu AG, Yao XJ, Wang JR, Liu L, Wong VKW. Hernandezine, a novel AMPK activator induces autophagic cell death in drug-resistant cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 7:8090-104. [PMID: 26811496 PMCID: PMC4884978 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance hinder most cancer chemotherapies and leads to disease recurrence and poor survival of patients. Resistance of cancer cells towards apoptosis is the major cause of these symptomatic behaviours. Here, we showed that isoquinoline alkaloids, including liensinine, isoliensinine, dauricine, cepharanthine and hernandezine, putatively induce cytotoxicity against a repertoire of cancer cell lines (HeLa, A549, MCF-7, PC3, HepG2, Hep3B and H1299). Proven by the use of apoptosis-resistant cellular models and autophagic assays, such isoquinoline alkaloid-induced cytotoxic effect involves energy- and autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7)-dependent autophagy that resulted from direct activation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Hernandezine possess the highest efficacy in provoking such cell death when compared with other examined compounds. We confirmed that isoquinoline alkaloid is structurally varied from the existing direct AMPK activators. In conclusion, isoquinoline alkaloid is a new class of compound that induce autophagic cell death in drug-resistant fibroblasts or cancers by exhibiting its direct activation on AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wai Kit Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Su Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - An Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiao Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jing Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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4
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Li X, Tian J, Bo Q, Li K, Wang H, Liu T, Li J. Targeting DNA-PKcs increased anticancer drug sensitivity by suppressing DNA damage repair in osteosarcoma cell line MG63. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9365-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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5
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Associations of LIG4 and HSPB1 genetic polymorphisms with risk of radiation-induced lung injury in lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:860373. [PMID: 25811031 PMCID: PMC4355602 DOI: 10.1155/2015/860373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study aims to explore the correlations of genetic polymorphisms in LIG4 and HSPB1 genes with the radiation-induced lung injury (RILI), especially radiation pneumonitis (RP), in lung cancer patients. Methods. A total of 160 lung cancer patients, who were diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer and received radiotherapy, were included in the present study from September 2009 to December 2011. TaqMan Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to verify the SNPs of LIG4 and HSPB1 genes. Chi-square criterion was used to compare the differences in demographic characteristics, exposure to risk factors, and SNPs genotypes. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by logistic regression analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS 18.0. Results. A total of 32 (20.0%) lung cancer patients had RP after receiving radiotherapy. Of the 32 cases, 4 cases were of grade 2, 24 cases were of grade 3, and 4 cases were of grade 4. However, our results indicated that the general condition and treatment of all patients had no significant difference with RP risk (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, our results revealed that there was no significant association between the frequencies of LIG4 rs1805388 and HSPB1 rs2868371 genotype distribution and the risk of RP (P > 0.05). Conclusion. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the genetic polymorphisms in LIG4 rs1805388 and HSPB1 rs2868371 were not obviously correlated with the risk of RP and RILI of lung cancer.
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6
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Law BYK, Chan WK, Xu SW, Wang JR, Bai LP, Liu L, Wong VKW. Natural small-molecule enhancers of autophagy induce autophagic cell death in apoptosis-defective cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5510. [PMID: 24981420 PMCID: PMC4076737 DOI: 10.1038/srep05510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy is a significant problem in oncology, and the development of sensitising agents or small-molecules with new mechanisms of action to kill these cells is needed. Autophagy is a cellular process responsible for the turnover of misfolded proteins or damaged organelles, and it also recycles nutrients to maintain energy levels for cell survival. In some apoptosis-resistant cancer cells, autophagy can also enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs through autophagy-mediated mechanisms of cell death. Because the modulation of autophagic processes can be therapeutically useful to circumvent chemoresistance and enhance the effects of cancer treatment, the identification of novel autophagic enhancers for use in oncology is highly desirable. Many novel anti-cancer compounds have been isolated from natural products; therefore, we worked to discover natural, anti-cancer small-molecule enhancers of autophagy. Here, we have identified a group of natural alkaloid small-molecules that function as novel autophagic enhancers. These alkaloids, including liensinine, isoliensinine, dauricine and cepharanthine, stimulated AMPK-mTOR dependent induction of autophagy and autophagic cell death in a panel of apoptosis-resistant cells. Taken together, our work provides novel insights into the biological functions, mechanisms and potential therapeutic values of alkaloids for the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wai Kit Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Su Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jing Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Li Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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7
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Friesen C, Hormann I, Roscher M, Fichtner I, Alt A, Hilger R, Debatin KM, Miltner E. Opioid receptor activation triggering downregulation of cAMP improves effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs in treatment of glioblastoma. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1560-70. [PMID: 24626197 PMCID: PMC4050161 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma are the most frequent and malignant human brain tumors, having a very poor prognosis. The enhanced radio- and chemoresistance of glioblastoma and the glioblastoma stem cells might be the main reason why conventional therapies fail. The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Downregulation of cAMP sensitizes tumor cells for anti-cancer treatment. Opioid receptor agonists triggering opioid receptors can activate inhibitory Gi proteins, which, in turn, block adenylyl cyclase activity reducing cAMP. In this study, we show that downregulation of cAMP by opioid receptor activation improves the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs in treatment of glioblastoma. The µ-opioid receptor agonist D,L-methadone sensitizes glioblastoma as well as the untreatable glioblastoma stem cells for doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and activation of apoptosis pathways by reversing deficient caspase activation and deficient downregulation of XIAP and Bcl-xL, playing critical roles in glioblastomas’ resistance. Blocking opioid receptors using the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone or increasing intracellular cAMP by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) strongly reduced opioid receptor agonist-induced sensitization for doxorubicin. In addition, the opioid receptor agonist D,L-methadone increased doxorubicin uptake and decreased doxorubicin efflux, whereas doxorubicin increased opioid receptor expression in glioblastomas. Furthermore, opioid receptor activation using D,L-methadone inhibited tumor growth significantly in vivo. Our findings suggest that opioid receptor activation triggering downregulation of cAMP is a promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth and to improve the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs in treatment of glioblastoma and in killing glioblastoma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Friesen
- Center for Biomedical Research; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany; Institute of Legal Medicine; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
| | - Inis Hormann
- Center for Biomedical Research; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany; Institute of Legal Medicine; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
| | - Mareike Roscher
- Center for Biomedical Research; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany; Institute of Legal Medicine; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine; Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Alt
- Institute of Legal Medicine; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralf Hilger
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Essen; West German Cancer Center; Essen, Germany
| | | | - Erich Miltner
- Center for Biomedical Research; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany; Institute of Legal Medicine; University of Ulm; Ulm, Germany
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8
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Nishida Y, Mizutani N, Inoue M, Omori Y, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Takagi A, Kojima T, Suzuki M, Nozawa Y, Minami Y, Ohnishi K, Naoe T, Murate T. Phosphorylated Sp1 is the regulator of DNA-PKcs and DNA ligase IV transcription of daunorubicin-resistant leukemia cell lines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:265-74. [PMID: 24530422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem faced in the treatment of malignant tumors. In this study, we characterized the expression of non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) components, a major DNA double strand break (DSB) repair mechanism in mammals, in K562 cell and its daunorubicin (DNR)-resistant subclone (K562/DNR). K562/DNR overexpressed major enzymes of NHEJ, DNA-PKcs and DNA ligase IV, and K562/DNR repaired DSB more rapidly than K562 after DNA damage by neocarzinostatin (MDR1-independent radiation-mimetic). Overexpressed DNA-PKcs and DNA ligase IV were also observed in DNR-resistant HL60 (HL60/DNR) cells as compared with parental HL60 cells. Expression level of DNA-PKcs mRNA paralleled its protein level, and the promoter activity of DNA-PKcs of K562/DNR was higher than that of K562, and the 5'-region between -49bp and the first exon was important for its activity. Because this region is GC-rich, we tried to suppress Sp1 family transcription factor using mithramycin A (MMA), a specific Sp1 family inhibitor, and siRNAs for Sp1 and Sp3. Both MMA and siRNAs suppressed DNA-PKcs expression. Higher serine-phosphorylated Sp1 but not total Sp1 of both K562/DNR and HL60/DNR was observed compared with their parental K562 and HL60 cells. DNA ligase IV expression of K562/DNR was also suppressed significantly with Sp1 family protein inhibition. EMSA and ChIP assay confirmed higher binding of Sp1 and Sp3 with DNA-PKcs 5'-promoter region of DNA-PKcs of K562/DNR than that of K562. Thus, the Sp1 family transcription factor affects important NHEJ component expressions in anti-cancer drug-resistant malignant cells, leading to the more aggressive MDR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayoi Nishida
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Mizutani
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minami Inoue
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukari Omori
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Tamiya-Koizumi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Takagi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Kojima
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Minami
- Division of Blood Transfusion/Division of Oncology and Hematology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ohnishi
- Oncology Center, Hamamatsu University Graduate School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoki Naoe
- National Hospital Organization, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Murate
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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9
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Ramezanpour M, da Silva KB, Sanderson BJS. The effect of sea anemone (H. magnifica) venom on two human breast cancer lines: death by apoptosis. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:845-52. [PMID: 23989939 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Venom from the sea anemone, Heteractis magnifica, has multiple biological effects including, cytotoxic, cytolytic and hemolytic activities. In this study, cytotoxicity induced by H. magnifica venom was investigated using the crystal violet assay on human breast cancer T47D and MCF7 cell lines and normal human breast 184B5 cell line. Apoptosis was also assayed via Annexin V-flourescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometric analysis. Cell cycle progression and mitochondria membrane potential were studied via flow cytometry following PI and JC-1 staining respectively. H. magnifica venom induced significant reductions in viable cell numbers and increases in apoptosis in T47D and MCF7 in dose-dependent manners. A significant apoptosis-related increase in the sub G1 peak of the cell cycle in both breast cancer cell lines was also observed. Moreover, treatment by venom cleaved caspase-8, caspase-9, and activated caspase-3. Overall, H. magnifica venom was highly cytotoxic to T47D and MCF7 human breast cancer cells, and the phenomenon could be the killing phenomenon via the death receptor-mediated and the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways. Consequently, H. magnifica venom has potential for the development of a breast cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia,
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10
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Wong VKW, Li T, Law BYK, Ma EDL, Yip NC, Michelangeli F, Law CKM, Zhang MM, Lam KYC, Chan PL, Liu L. Saikosaponin-d, a novel SERCA inhibitor, induces autophagic cell death in apoptosis-defective cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e720. [PMID: 23846222 PMCID: PMC3730398 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important cellular process that controls cells in a normal homeostatic state by recycling nutrients to maintain cellular energy levels for cell survival via the turnover of proteins and damaged organelles. However, persistent activation of autophagy can lead to excessive depletion of cellular organelles and essential proteins, leading to caspase-independent autophagic cell death. As such, inducing cell death through this autophagic mechanism could be an alternative approach to the treatment of cancers. Recently, we have identified a novel autophagic inducer, saikosaponin-d (Ssd), from a medicinal plant that induces autophagy in various types of cancer cells through the formation of autophagosomes as measured by GFP-LC3 puncta formation. By computational virtual docking analysis, biochemical assays and advanced live-cell imaging techniques, Ssd was shown to increase cytosolic calcium level via direct inhibition of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase pump, leading to autophagy induction through the activation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. In addition, Ssd treatment causes the disruption of calcium homeostasis, which induces endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as the unfolded protein responses pathway. Ssd also proved to be a potent cytotoxic agent in apoptosis-defective or apoptosis-resistant mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, which either lack caspases 3, 7 or 8 or had the Bax-Bak double knockout. These results provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of Ssd, as a novel autophagic inducer, which has the potential of being developed into an anti-cancer agent for targeting apoptosis-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V KW Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - T Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - B YK Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - E DL Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - N C Yip
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Michelangeli
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - C KM Law
- Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - M M Zhang
- Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - K YC Lam
- Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - P L Chan
- Shum Yiu Foon Shum Bik Chuen Memorial Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
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11
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Assis J, Pereira D, Medeiros R. Ovarian cancer and DNA repair: DNA ligase IV as a potential key. World J Clin Oncol 2013; 4:14-24. [PMID: 23538968 PMCID: PMC3609013 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v4.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the sixth most common cancer and the seventh cause of death from cancer in women. The etiology and the ovarian carcinogenesis still need clarification although ovulation may be determinant due to its carcinogenic role in ovarian surface epithelium. The link between ovarian carcinogenesis and DNA repair is well established and it became clear that alterations in DNA damage response may affect the risk to develop OC. Polymorphisms are variations in the DNA sequence that exist in normal individuals of a population and are capable to change, among other mechanisms, the balance between DNA damage and cellular response. Consequently, genetic variability of the host has a great role in the development, progression and consequent prognosis of the oncologic patient as well as in treatment response. Standard treatment for OC patients is based on cytoreductive surgery, followed by chemotherapy with a platinum agent and a taxane. Although 80% of the patients respond to the first-line therapy, the development of resistance is common although the mechanisms underlying therapy failure remain mostly unknown. Because of their role in oncology, enzymes involved in the DNA repair pathways, like DNA Ligase IV (LIG4), became attractive study targets. It has been reported that variations in LIG4 activity can lead to a hyper-sensitivity to DNA damage, deregulation of repair and apoptosis mechanisms, affecting the susceptibility to cancer development and therapy response. To overcome resistance mechanisms, several investigations have been made and the strategy to target crucial molecular pathways, such as DNA repair, became one of the important areas in clinical oncology. This review aims to elucidate the link between DNA repair and OC, namely which concerns the role of LIG4 enzyme, and how genetic polymorphisms in LIG4 gene can modulate the activity of the enzyme and affect the ovarian carcinogenesis and treatment response. Moreover, we try to understand how LIG4 inhibition can be a potential contributor for the development of new cancer treatment strategies.
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12
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Hsu FM, Zhang S, Chen BPC. Role of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in cancer development and treatment. Transl Cancer Res 2012; 1:22-34. [PMID: 22943041 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-676x.2012.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, is involved in DNA double-strand break repair, immunocompetence, genomic integrity, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Clinical studies indicate that expression and activity of DNA-PKcs is correlated with cancer progression and response to treatment. Various anti-DNA-PKcs strategies have been developed and tested in preclinical studies to exploit the benefit of DNA-PKcs inhibition in sensitization of radiotherapy and in combined modality therapy with other antitumor agents. In this article, we review the association between DNA-PKcs and cancer development and discuss current approaches and mechanisms for inhibition of DNA-PKcs. The future challenges are to understand how DNA-PKcs activity is correlated with cancer susceptibility and to identify those patients who would most benefit from DNA-PKcs inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Lin LH, Chan HL, Chou HC. DNA-dependent protein kinase regulated glioblastoma survival in doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gmbhs.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Furusawa Y, Fujiwara Y, Hassan MA, Tabuchi Y, Morita A, Enomoto A, Kondo T. Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase promotes ultrasound-induced cell death including apoptosis in human leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 322:107-12. [PMID: 22366497 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) has been shown to induce cell death in cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report a set of novel findings on the molecular mechanism. We found that Akt (also known as protein kinase B), a substrate of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), was phosphorylated in U937 cells nullified with p53 or Molt-4 cells artificially abrogated with p53 after US exposure. On the contrary, Akt phosphorylation was transiently down-regulated then recovered in Molt-4 cells harboring wild-type p53 in US-exposed cells, possibly due to a mutual regulation between p53 and Akt. Inhibition of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) or DNA-PK revealed that DNA-PK, rather than ATM, was preferentially involved in Akt phosphorylation and cell survival after US-exposure in all cell lines. These results indicate that DNA-PK plays a protective role against US-induced cell death regardless of p53 phenotype. In conclusion, our findings provide the first delineation of the role of DNA-PK in US-induced cell death and suggest that targeting DNA-PK might be a promising strategy to augment cancer eradication by US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Japan
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15
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Both XPA and DNA polymerase eta are necessary for the repair of doxorubicin-induced DNA lesions. Cancer Lett 2012; 314:108-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Sui M, Liu W, Shen Y. Nuclear drug delivery for cancer chemotherapy. J Control Release 2011; 155:227-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Shanker M, Willcutts D, Roth JA, Ramesh R. Drug resistance in lung cancer. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2010; 1:23-36. [PMID: 28210104 PMCID: PMC5312467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a major problem in cancer treatment. Scientific advances made in the last two decades have resulted in the identification of genes and molecular signaling mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance. This has resulted in a better understanding of the biology of cancer cells and the way these cells adapt or undergo subtle molecular changes thereby protecting themselves from the cytotoxic effects of the anticancer drugs. Based on the knowledge gained to-date new molecularly targeted drugs are being developed and tested in clinical studies, in an attempt to overcome drug resistance and improve drug efficacy. Despite these attempts the overall 5-year survival of patients diagnosed with cancer, such as lung cancer, remains dismal and is less than 15%. It is evident that additional mechanisms contributing to drug resistance exist which are yet to be discovered. It is hoped that identification of new targets and understanding their contribution to drug resistance will provide opportunities for innovative therapies in overcoming drug resistance. In an attempt to broaden our knowledge and understanding on drug resistance we have, in this review article, summarized the most common mechanisms associated with drug resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Shanker
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Willcutts
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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18
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Influence of TEGDMA on the mammalian cell cycle in comparison with chemotherapeutic agents. Dent Mater 2010; 26:232-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Sensitization of human K562 leukemic cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the DNA-PKcs/Akt-mediated cell survival pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 78:573-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Li AYJ, Boo LM, Wang SY, Lin HH, Wang CCC, Yen Y, Chen BPC, Chen DJ, Ann DK. Suppression of nonhomologous end joining repair by overexpression of HMGA2. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5699-706. [PMID: 19549901 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular details associated with aberrant high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) gene expression is key to establishing the mechanism(s) underlying its oncogenic potential and effect on the development of therapeutic strategies. Here, we report the involvement of HMGA2 in impairing DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) during the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) process. We showed that HMGA2-expressing cells displayed deficiency in overall and precise DNA end-joining repair and accumulated more endogenous DNA damage. Proper and timely activation of DNA-PK, consisting of Ku70, Ku80, and DNA-PKcs subunits, is essential for the repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) generated endogenously or by exposure to genotoxins. In cells overexpressing HMGA2, accumulation of histone 2A variant X phosphorylation at Ser-139 (gamma-H2AX) was associated with hyperphosphorylation of DNA-PKcs at Thr-2609 and Ser-2056 before and after the induction of DSBs. Also, the steady-state complex of Ku and DNA ends was altered by HMGA2. Microirradiation and real-time imaging in living cells revealed that HMGA2 delayed the release of DNA-PKcs from DSB sites, similar to observations found in DNA-PKcs mutants. Moreover, HMGA2 alone was sufficient to induce chromosomal aberrations, a hallmark of deficiency in NHEJ-mediated DNA repair. In summary, a novel role for HMGA2 to interfere with NHEJ processes was uncovered, implicating HMGA2 in the promotion of genome instability and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Y J Li
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010-3000, USA
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21
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Westmoreland TJ, Wickramasekara SM, Guo AY, Selim AL, Winsor TS, Greenleaf AL, Blackwell KL, Olson JA, Marks JR, Bennett CB. Comparative genome-wide screening identifies a conserved doxorubicin repair network that is diploid specific in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5830. [PMID: 19503795 PMCID: PMC2688081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) induces DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage. In order to identify conserved genes that mediate DOX resistance, we screened the Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploid deletion collection and identified 376 deletion strains in which exposure to DOX was lethal or severely reduced growth fitness. This diploid screen identified 5-fold more DOX resistance genes than a comparable screen using the isogenic haploid derivative. Since DSB damage is repaired primarily by homologous recombination in yeast, and haploid cells lack an available DNA homolog in G1 and early S phase, this suggests that our diploid screen may have detected the loss of repair functions in G1 or early S phase prior to complete DNA replication. To test this, we compared the relative DOX sensitivity of 30 diploid deletion mutants identified under our screening conditions to their isogenic haploid counterpart, most of which (n = 26) were not detected in the haploid screen. For six mutants (bem1Delta, ctf4Delta, ctk1Delta, hfi1Delta,nup133Delta, tho2Delta) DOX-induced lethality was absent or greatly reduced in the haploid as compared to the isogenic diploid derivative. Moreover, unlike WT, all six diploid mutants displayed severe G1/S phase cell cycle progression defects when exposed to DOX and some were significantly enhanced (ctk1Delta and hfi1Delta) or deficient (tho2Delta) for recombination. Using these and other "THO2-like" hypo-recombinogenic, diploid-specific DOX sensitive mutants (mft1Delta, thp1Delta, thp2Delta) we utilized known genetic/proteomic interactions to construct an interactive functional genomic network which predicted additional DOX resistance genes not detected in the primary screen. Most (76%) of the DOX resistance genes detected in this diploid yeast screen are evolutionarily conserved suggesting the human orthologs are candidates for mediating DOX resistance by impacting on checkpoint and recombination functions in G1 and/or early S phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy J. Westmoreland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sajith M. Wickramasekara
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew Y. Guo
- North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alice L. Selim
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tiffany S. Winsor
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Arno L. Greenleaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kimberly L. Blackwell
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John A. Olson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Marks
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Craig B. Bennett
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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