1
|
Liang W, Yang X, Li X, Wang P, Zhu Z, Liu S, Xu D, Zhi X, Xue J. Investigating gene signatures associated with immunity in colon adenocarcinoma to predict the immunotherapy effectiveness using NFM and WGCNA algorithms. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7596-7621. [PMID: 38742936 PMCID: PMC11131999 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), a frequently encountered and highly lethal malignancy of the digestive system, has been the focus of intensive research regarding its prognosis. The intricate immune microenvironment plays a pivotal role in the pathological progression of COAD; nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to explore the immune gene expression patterns in COAD, construct a robust prognostic model, and delve into the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for COAD liver metastasis, thereby providing critical support for individualized treatment strategies and prognostic evaluation. Initially, we curated a comprehensive dataset by screening 2600 immune-related genes (IRGs) from the ImmPort and InnateDB databases, successfully obtaining a rich data resource. Subsequently, the COAD patient cohort was classified using the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, enabling accurate categorization. Continuing on, utilizing the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method, we analyzed the top 5000 genes with the smallest p-values among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between immune subtypes. Through this rigorous screening process, we identified the gene modules with the strongest correlation to the COAD subpopulation, and the intersection of genes in these modules with DEGs (COAD vs COAD vs Normal colon tissue) is referred to as Differentially Expressed Immune Genes Associated with COAD (DEIGRC). Employing diverse bioinformatics methodologies, we successfully developed a prognostic model (DPM) consisting of six genes derived from the DEIGRC, which was further validated across multiple independent datasets. Not only does this predictive model accurately forecast the prognosis of COAD patients, but it also provides valuable insights for formulating personalized treatment regimens. Within the constructed DPM, we observed a downregulation of CALB2 expression levels in COAD tissues, whereas NOXA1, KDF1, LARS2, GSR, and TIMP1 exhibited upregulated expression levels. These genes likely play indispensable roles in the initiation and progression of COAD and thus represent potential therapeutic targets for patient management. Furthermore, our investigation into the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for COAD liver metastasis revealed associations with relevant processes such as fat digestion and absorption, cancer gene protein polysaccharides, and nitrogen metabolism. Consequently, genes including CAV1, ANXA1, CPS1, EDNRA, and GC emerge as promising candidates as therapeutic targets for COAD liver metastasis, thereby providing crucial insights for future clinical practices and drug development. In summary, this study uncovers the immune gene expression patterns in COAD, establishes a robust prognostic model, and elucidates the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for COAD liver metastasis, thereby possessing significant theoretical and clinical implications. These findings are anticipated to offer substantial support for both the treatment and prognosis management of COAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiushen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Bioimaging Core of Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Xuejun Zhi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fakhrioliaei A, Tanhaei S, Pakmehr S, Noori Shakir M, Qasim MT, Hariri M, Nouhi Kararoudi A, Valilo M. Potential Role of Nrf2, HER2, and ALDH in Cancer Stem Cells: A Narrative Review. J Membr Biol 2024; 257:3-16. [PMID: 38356054 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-024-00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death among humans, second only to cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on the pathophysiology of cancer, and it has been established that this disease is developed by a group of stem cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, cancer is considered a stem cell disease; however, there is no comprehensive consensus about the characteristics of these cells. Several different signaling pathways including Notch, Hedgehog, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and WNT/β-catenin pathways cause the self-renewal of CSCs. CSCs change their metabolic pathways in order to access easy energy. Therefore, one of the key objectives of researchers in cancer treatment is to destroy CSCs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an essential role in the protection of CSCs from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chemotherapeutic agents by regulating antioxidants and detoxification enzymes. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family, which contributes to the protection of cancer cells against treatment and implicated in the invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumorigenesis. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are highly active in CSCs and protect the cells against damage caused by active aldehydes through the regulation of aldehyde metabolism. On the other hand, ALDHs promote the formation and maintenance of tumor cells and lead to drug resistance in tumors through the activation of various signaling pathways, such as the ALDH1A1/HIF-1α/VEGF axis and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as changing the intracellular pH value. Given the growing body of information in this field, in the present narrative review, we attempted to shed light on the function of Nrf2, HER2, and ALDH in CSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maha Noori Shakir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Maryam Hariri
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Alireza Nouhi Kararoudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Dpartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xue Y, Xue C, Song W. Emerging roles of deubiquitinating enzymes in actin cytoskeleton and tumor metastasis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00923-z. [PMID: 38324230 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Actin dynamics and actin-based cell migration and invasion are important factors in cancer metastasis. Metastasis is characterized by actin polymerization and depolymerization, which are precisely regulated by molecular changes involving a plethora of actin regulators, including actin-binding proteins (ABPs) and signalling pathways, that enable cancer cell dissemination from the primary tumour. Research on deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has revealed their vital roles in actin dynamics and actin-based migration and invasion during cancer metastasis. CONCLUSION Here, we review how DUBs drive tumour metastasis by participating in actin rearrangement and actin-based migration and invasion. We summarize the well-characterized and essential actin cytoskeleton signalling molecules related to DUBs, including Rho GTPases, Src kinases, and ABPs such as cofilin and cortactin. Other DUBs that modulate actin-based migration signalling pathways are also discussed. Finally, we discuss and address therapeutic opportunities and ongoing challenges related to DUBs with respect to actin dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, PR China.
| | - Cong Xue
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Zhao Y, Li M, Wang M, Qian J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Wang F, Guo K, Gao D, Zhao Y, Chen R, Ren Z, Song H, Cui J. A synergistic regulation works in matrix stiffness-driven invadopodia formation in HCC. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216597. [PMID: 38145655 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has suggested that increased matrix stiffness can significantly strengthen the malignant characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, whether and how increased matrix stiffness regulates the formation of invadopodia in HCC cells remain largely unknown. In the study, we developed different experimental systems in vitro and in vivo to explore the effects of matrix stiffness on the formation of invadopodia and its relevant molecular mechanism. Our results demonstrated that increased matrix stiffness remarkably augmented the migration and invasion abilities of HCC cells, upregulated the expressions of invadopodia-associated genes and enhanced the number of invadopodia. Two regulatory pathways contribute to matrix stiffness-driven invadopodia formation together in HCC cells, including direct triggering invadopodia formation through activating integrin β1 or Piezo1/ FAK/Src/Arg/cortactin pathway, and indirect stimulating invadopodia formation through improving EGF production to activate EGFR/Src/Arg/cortactin pathway. Src was identified as the common hub molecule of two synergistic regulatory pathways. Simultaneously, activation of integrin β1/RhoA/ROCK1/MLC2 and Piezo1/Ca2+/MLCK/MLC2 pathways mediate matrix stiffness-reinforced cell migration. This study uncovers a new mechanism by which mechanosensory pathway and biochemical signal pathway synergistically regulate the formation of invadopodia in HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Miao Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jiali Qian
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, PR China
| | - Kun Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Dongmei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu S, Tan Z, Shi H, Chen J, Zhang Y, Guo C, Feng W, Xu H, Wang J, Wang H. Development of a stemness-related prognostic index to provide therapeutic strategies for bladder cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:14. [PMID: 38245587 PMCID: PMC10799910 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that cancer progression involves the acquisition of stem-like signatures, and assessing stemness indices help uncover patterns of intra-tumor molecular heterogeneity. We used the one-class logistic regression algorithm to compute the mRNAsi for each sample in BLCA cohort. We subsequently classified BC patients into two subtypes based on 189 mRNAsi-related genes, using the unsupervised consensus clustering. Then, we identified nine hub genes to construct a stemness-related prognostic index (SRPI) using Cox regression, LASSO regression and Random Forest methods. We further validated SRPI using two independent datasets. Afterwards, we examined the molecular and immune characterized of SRPI. Finally, we conducted multiply drug screening and experimental approaches to identify and confirm the most proper agents for patients with high SRPI. Based on the mRNAsi-related genes, BC patients were classified into two stemness subtypes with distinct prognosis, functional annotations, genomic variations and immune profiles. Using the SRPI, we identified a specific subgroup of BC patients with high SRPI, who had a poor response to immunotherapy, and were less sensitive to commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, FGFR inhibitors, and EGFR inhibitors. We further identified that dasatinib was the most promising therapeutic agent for this subgroup of patients. This study provides further insights into the stemness classification of BC, and demonstrates that SRPI is a promising tool for predicting prognosis and therapeutic opportunities for BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiyong Tan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjin Shi
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China
| | | | - Chunming Guo
- School for Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haole Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiansong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China.
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Center of Urological Disease, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
LAGAL DJ, BÁRCENA JA, REQUEJO-AGUILAR R, PADILLA CA, LETO TL. NOX1 and PRDX6 synergistically support migration and invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through enhanced NADPH oxidase activity. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR REDOX BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE AND THE SOCIETY FOR FREE RADICAL RESEARCH-EUROPE 2023; 9:100080. [PMID: 37900981 PMCID: PMC10611439 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2023.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) complex formed by proteins NOX1, p22phox, NOXO1, NOXA1, and RAC1 plays an important role in the generation of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are involved in normal and pathological cell functions due to their effects on diverse cell signaling pathways. Cell migration and invasiveness are at the origin of tumor metastasis during cancer progression which involves a process of cellular de-differentiation known as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT cells lose their polarized epithelial phenotype and express mesenchymal marker proteins that enable cytoskeletal rearrangements promoting cell migration, expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue remodeling, and cell invasion during metastasis. In this work, we explored the importance of the peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6)-NOX1 enzyme interaction leading to NOXA1 protein stabilization and increased levels of superoxide produced by NOX in hepatocarcinoma cells. This increase was accompanied by higher levels of N-cadherin and MMP2, correlating with a greater capacity for cell migration and invasiveness of SNU475 hepatocarcinoma cells. The increase in superoxide and the associated downstream effects on cancer progression were suppressed when phospholipase A2 or peroxidase activities of PRDX6 were abolished by site-directed mutagenesis, reinforcing the importance of these catalytic activities in supporting NOX1-based superoxide generation. Overall, these results demonstrate a clear functional cooperation between NOX1 and PRDX6 catalytic activities which generate higher levels of ROS production, resulting in a more aggressive tumor phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. LAGAL
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. Antonio BÁRCENA
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - Raquel REQUEJO-AGUILAR
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - C. Alicia PADILLA
- University of Córdoba, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department. Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - Thomas L. LETO
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu W, Wang B, Zhou M, Liu D, Chen F, Zhao X, Lu Y. Redox Dysregulation in the Tumor Microenvironment Contributes to Cancer Metastasis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:472-490. [PMID: 37002890 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Redox dysregulation under pathological conditions results in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, leading to oxidative stress and cellular oxidative damage. ROS function as a double-edged sword to modulate various types of cancer development and survival. Recent Advances: Emerging evidence has underlined that ROS impact the behavior of both cancer cells and tumor-associated stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and these cells have developed complex systems to adapt to high ROS environments during cancer progression. Critical Issues: In this review, we integrated current progress regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and tumor-associated stromal cells in the TME and summarized how ROS production influences cancer cell behaviors. Then, we summarized the distinct effects of ROS during different stages of tumor metastasis. Finally, we discussed potential therapeutic strategies for modulating ROS for the treatment of cancer metastasis. Future Directions: Targeting the ROS regulation during cancer metastasis will provide important insights into the design of effective single or combinatorial cancer therapeutic strategies. Well-designed preclinical studies and clinical trials are urgently needed to understand the complex regulatory systems of ROS in the TME. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 472-490.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanning Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fulin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu Y, Hu Y, Wang P, Dai X, Fu Y, Xia Y, Sun L, Ruan S. Comprehensive bioinformatics and experimental analysis of SH3PXD2B reveals its carcinogenic effect in gastric carcinoma. Life Sci 2023; 326:121792. [PMID: 37211344 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aim to explore the possibility and mechanism of SH3PXD2B as a reliable biomarker for gastric cancer (GC). MAIN METHODS We used public databases to analyze the molecular characteristics and disease associations of SH3PXD2B, and KM database for prognostic analysis. The TCGA gastric cancer dataset was used for single gene correlation, differential expression, functional enrichment and immunoinfiltration analysis. SH3PXD2B protein interaction network was constructed by the STRING database. And the GSCALite database was used to explore sensitive drugs and perform SH3PXD2B molecular docking. The impact of SH3PXD2B silencing and over-expression by lentivirus transduction on the proliferation and invasion of human GC HGC-27 and NUGC-3 cells was determined. KEY FINDINGS The high expression of SH3PXD2B in gastric cancer was related to the poor prognosis of patients. It may affect the progression of gastric cancer by forming a regulatory network with FBN1, ADAM15 and other molecules, and the mechanism may involve regulating the infiltration of Treg, TAM and other immunosuppressive cells. The cytofunctional experiments verified that it significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. In addition, we found that some drugs were sensitive to the expression of SH3PXD2B such as sotrastaurin, BHG712 and sirolimus, and they had strong molecular combination of SH3PXD2B, which may provide guidance for the treatment of gastric cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Our study strongly suggests that SH3PXD2B is a carcinogenic molecule that can be used as a biomarker for GC detection, prognosis, treatment design, and follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yunhong Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xinyang Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yuhan Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yuwei Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benssouina FZ, Parat F, Villard C, Leloup L, Garrouste F, Sabatier JM, Ferhat L, Kovacic H. Overexpression of a Novel Noxo1 Mutant Increases Ros Production and Noxo1 Relocalisation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054663. [PMID: 36902094 PMCID: PMC10003393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noxo1, the organizing element of the Nox1-dependent NADPH oxidase complex responsible for producing reactive oxygen species, has been described to be degraded by the proteasome. We mutated a D-box in Noxo1 to express a protein with limited degradation and capable of maintaining Nox1 activation. Wild-type (wt) and mutated Noxo1 (mut1) proteins were expressed in different cell lines to characterize their phenotype, functionality, and regulation. Mut1 increases ROS production through Nox1 activity affects mitochondrial organization and increases cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cell lines. Unexpectedly the increased activity of Noxo1 is not related to a blockade of its proteasomal degradation since we were unable in our conditions to see any proteasomal degradation either for wt or mut1 Noxo1. Instead, D-box mutation mut1 leads to an increased translocation from the membrane soluble fraction to a cytoskeletal insoluble fraction compared to wt Noxo1. This mut1 localization is associated in cells with a filamentous phenotype of Noxo1, which is not observed with wt Noxo1. We found that mut1 Noxo1 associates with intermediate filaments such as keratin 18 and vimentin. In addition, Noxo1 D-Box mutation increases Nox1-dependent NADPH oxidase activity. Altogether, Nox1 D-box does not seem to be involved in Noxo1 degradation but rather related to the maintenance of the Noxo1 membrane/cytoskeleton balance.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jacksi M, Schad E, Buday L, Tantos A. Absence of Scaffold Protein Tks4 Disrupts Several Signaling Pathways in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021310. [PMID: 36674824 PMCID: PMC9861885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tks4 is a large scaffold protein in the EGFR signal transduction pathway that is involved in several cellular processes, such as cellular motility, reactive oxygen species-dependent processes, and embryonic development. It is also implicated in a rare developmental disorder, Frank-ter Haar syndrome. Loss of Tks4 resulted in the induction of an EMT-like process, with increased motility and overexpression of EMT markers in colorectal carcinoma cells. In this work, we explored the broader effects of deletion of Tks4 on the gene expression pattern of HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells by transcriptome sequencing of wild-type and Tks4 knockout (KO) cells. We identified several protein coding genes with altered mRNA levels in the Tks4 KO cell line, as well as a set of long non-coding RNAs, and confirmed these changes with quantitative PCR on a selected set of genes. Our results show a significant perturbation of gene expression upon the deletion of Tks4, suggesting the involvement of different signal transduction pathways over the well-known EGFR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mevan Jacksi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eva Schad
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Buday
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University Medical School, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Tantos
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour from signalling to death, and deregulation of ROS production and ROS limitation pathways are common features of cancer cells. ROS also function to modulate the tumour environment, affecting the various stromal cells that provide metabolic support, a blood supply and immune responses to the tumour. Although it is clear that ROS play important roles during tumorigenesis, it has been difficult to reliably predict the effect of ROS modulating therapies. We now understand that the responses to ROS are highly complex and dependent on multiple factors, including the types, levels, localization and persistence of ROS, as well as the origin, environment and stage of the tumours themselves. This increasing understanding of the complexity of ROS in malignancies will be key to unlocking the potential of ROS-targeting therapies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Li S, Nguyen TT, Ung TT, Sah DK, Park SY, Lakshmanan VK, Jung YD. Piperine Attenuates Lithocholic Acid-Stimulated Interleukin-8 by Suppressing Src/EGFR and Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030530. [PMID: 35326180 PMCID: PMC8944659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperine, a natural alkaloidal pungent product present in pepper plants, possesses the properties of anti-inflammatory and anti-metastasis. Lithocholic acid is a monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with an alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3; it is a secondary bile acid that plays a pivotal role in fat absorption, and has been discovered to mediate colorectal cancer (CRC) cell invasion and migration. However, the effect of piperine on angiogenesis has been poorly investigated. In the current study, we examined the role of piperine on LCA-stimulated angiogenesis by measuring interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression; moreover, we revealed the potential molecular mechanisms in CRC cells. Here, we showed that piperine inhibited LCA-stimulated endothelial EA.hy926 cell angiogenesis in a conditioned medium obtained from colorectal HCT-116 cells. Experiments with an IL-8 neutralizer showed that IL-8 present in the conditioned medium was the major angiogenic factor. Piperine inhibited LCA-stimulated ERK1/2 and AKT via the Src/EGFR-driven ROS signaling pathway in the colorectal cell line (HCT-116). Through mutagenesis and inhibitory studies, we revealed that ERK1/2 acted as an upstream signaling molecule in AP-1 activation, and AKT acted as an upstream signaling molecule in NF-κB activation, which in turn attenuated IL-8 expression. Taken together, we demonstrated that piperine blocked LCA-stimulated IL-8 expression by suppressing Src and EGFR in human CRC HCT-116 cells, thus remarkably attenuating endothelial EA.hy926 cell tube formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinan Li
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Thi Thinh Nguyen
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Trong Thuan Ung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Joint Stock Company, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Sah
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Seon Young Park
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 116, India
- Correspondence: (V.-K.L.); (Y.D.J.); Tel.: +91-44-4592-8500 (V.-K.L.); +82-61-379-2772 (Y.D.J.); Fax: +91-44-2476-7008 (V.-K.L.); +82-81-379-2781 (Y.D.J.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (S.L.); (T.T.N.); (T.T.U.); (D.K.S.); (S.Y.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: (V.-K.L.); (Y.D.J.); Tel.: +91-44-4592-8500 (V.-K.L.); +82-61-379-2772 (Y.D.J.); Fax: +91-44-2476-7008 (V.-K.L.); +82-81-379-2781 (Y.D.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khan AQ, Rashid K, AlAmodi AA, Agha MV, Akhtar S, Hakeem I, Raza SS, Uddin S. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer pathogenesis and therapy: An update on the role of ROS in anticancer action of benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112142. [PMID: 34536761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play crucial role in biological homeostasis and pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer. In this line, now it has become evident that ROS level/concentration is a major factor in the growth, progression and stemness of cancer cells. Moreover, cancer cells maintain a delicate balance between ROS and antioxidants to promote pathogenesis and clinical challenges via targeting a battery of signaling pathways converging to cancer hallmarks. Recent findings also entail the therapeutic importance of ROS for the better clinical outcomes in cancer patients as they induce apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, poor clinical outcomes associated with cancer therapies are the major challenge and use of natural products have been vital in attenuation of these challenges due to their multitargeting potential with less adverse effects. In fact, most available drugs are derived from natural resources, either directly or indirectly and available evidence show the clinical importance of natural products in the management of various diseases, including cancer. ROS play a critical role in the anticancer actions of natural products, particularly phytochemicals. Benzophenanthridine alkaloids of the benzyl isoquinoline family of alkaloids, such as sanguinarine, possess several pharmacological properties and are thus being studied for the treatment of different human diseases, including cancer. In this article, we review recent findings, on how benzophenanthridine alkaloid-induced ROS play a critical role in the attenuation of pathological changes and stemness features associated with human cancers. In addition, we highlight the role of ROS in benzophenanthridine alkaloid-mediated activation of the signaling pathway associated with cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Maha Victor Agha
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishrat Hakeem
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kui X, Wang Y, Zhang C, Li H, Li Q, Ke Y, Wang L. Prognostic value of SH3PXD2B (Tks4) in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a combined multi-omics and experimental study. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:115. [PMID: 33906640 PMCID: PMC8080318 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. HCC invasion and metastasis are crucial for its poor prognosis. SH3PXD2B is a scaffold protein and critical for intravascular and extravascular invasion and metastasis of various types of tumors. However, the role of SH3PXD2B in HCC progression remains unclear. Methods The levels of SH3PXD2B mRNA transcripts in the TCGA database and SH3PXD2B protein expression in the Human Protein Atlas were analyzed. Furthermore, the levels of SH3PXD2B expression in clinical samples were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The potential association of the levels of SH3PXD2B expression with clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of HCC patients was analyzed. The impact of SH3PXD2B silencing by shRNA-based lentivirus transduction on the proliferation and invasion of human HCC Hep3B and Huh7 cells was determined. Results SH3PXD2B expression was up-regulated in HCC tissues in the TCGA and Human Protein Atlas as well as clinical samples, relative to that of non-tumor liver samples. The levels of SH3PXD2B expression in HCC tissues were significantly associated with higher HBV infection rate, higher HCC grades and TNM stages, higher Ki-67 expression, higher serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), a shorter OS and RFS of HCC patients. Functionally, SH3PXD2B silencing significantly inhibited the formation and function of invadopodia and the invasion of Hep3B and Huh7 cells, but did not affect their proliferation in vitro. Conclusions Our data suggest that SH3PXD2B may promote the invasion and metastasis of HCC and be a valuable therapeutic target and biomarker for treatment and prognosis of HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-00963-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Kui
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Hai Li
- School of Medicine, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vellino S, Oddou C, Rivier P, Boyault C, Hiriart-Bryant E, Kraut A, Martin R, Coute Y, Knölker HJ, Valverde MA, Albigès-Rizo C, Destaing O. Cross-talk between the calcium channel TRPV4 and reactive oxygen species interlocks adhesive and degradative functions of invadosomes. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211651. [PMID: 33399853 PMCID: PMC7788461 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadosomes support cell invasion by coupling both acto-adhesive and extracellular matrix degradative functions, which are apparently antagonistic. β1-integrin dynamics regulate this coupling, but the actual sensing mechanism and effectors involved have not yet been elucidated. Using genetic and reverse genetic approaches combined with biochemical and imaging techniques, we now show that the calcium channel TRPV4 colocalizes with β1-integrins at the invadosome periphery and regulates its activation and the coupling of acto-adhesive and degradative functions. TRPV4-mediated regulation of podosome function depends on its ability to sense reactive oxygen species (ROS) in invadosomes' microenvironment and involves activation of the ROS/calcium-sensitive kinase Ask1 and binding of the motor MYO1C. Furthermore, disease-associated TRPV4 gain-of-function mutations that modulate ECM degradation are also implicated in the ROS response, which provides new perspectives in our understanding of the pathophysiology of TRPV4 channelopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanela Vellino
- Dynamique des systèmes d'adhérence, Institut for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche University Grenoble Alpes/INSERM U1209/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Christiane Oddou
- Dynamique des systèmes d'adhérence, Institut for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche University Grenoble Alpes/INSERM U1209/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Paul Rivier
- Dynamique des systèmes d'adhérence, Institut for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche University Grenoble Alpes/INSERM U1209/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Cyril Boyault
- Dynamique des systèmes d'adhérence, Institut for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche University Grenoble Alpes/INSERM U1209/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Edwige Hiriart-Bryant
- Dynamique des systèmes d'adhérence, Institut for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche University Grenoble Alpes/INSERM U1209/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Alexandra Kraut
- Laboratoire EDyP, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Grenoble-Biologie à Grande Echelle, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - René Martin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yohann Coute
- Laboratoire EDyP, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies of Grenoble-Biologie à Grande Echelle, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Miguel A. Valverde
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Corinne Albigès-Rizo
- Dynamique des systèmes d'adhérence, Institut for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche University Grenoble Alpes/INSERM U1209/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Olivier Destaing
- Dynamique des systèmes d'adhérence, Institut for Advanced Biosciences, Centre de Recherche University Grenoble Alpes/INSERM U1209/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité mixte de recherche 5309, La Tronche, France,Correspondence to Olivier Destaing:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Advances in Understanding TKS4 and TKS5: Molecular Scaffolds Regulating Cellular Processes from Podosome and Invadopodium Formation to Differentiation and Tissue Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218117. [PMID: 33143131 PMCID: PMC7663256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scaffold proteins are typically thought of as multi-domain "bridging molecules." They serve as crucial regulators of key signaling events by simultaneously binding multiple participants involved in specific signaling pathways. In the case of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) binding, the activated EGFR contacts cytosolic SRC tyrosine-kinase, which then becomes activated. This process leads to the phosphorylation of SRC-substrates, including the tyrosine kinase substrates (TKS) scaffold proteins. The TKS proteins serve as a platform for the recruitment of key players in EGFR signal transduction, promoting cell spreading and migration. The TKS4 and the TKS5 scaffold proteins are tyrosine kinase substrates with four or five SH3 domains, respectively. Their structural features allow them to recruit and bind a variety of signaling proteins and to anchor them to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. Until recently, TKS4 and TKS5 had been recognized for their involvement in cellular motility, reactive oxygen species-dependent processes, and embryonic development, among others. However, a number of novel functions have been discovered for these molecules in recent years. In this review, we attempt to cover the diverse nature of the TKS molecules by discussing their structure, regulation by SRC kinase, relevant signaling pathways, and interaction partners, as well as their involvement in cellular processes, including migration, invasion, differentiation, and adipose tissue and bone homeostasis. We also describe related pathologies and the established mouse models.
Collapse
|
18
|
Miyano K, Okamoto S, Yamauchi A, Kajikawa M, Kiyohara T, Taura M, Kawai C, Kuribayashi F. Constitutive activity of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) that promotes its own activity suppresses the colon epithelial cell migration. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:640-648. [PMID: 32924676 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1823383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide producing NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), abundantly expressed in the colon epithelium, plays a crucial role in mucosal host defenses. In this study, we found that pre-treatment of cells with edaravone, a free radical scavenger, inhibited Nox1 constitutive activity even after washout without affecting Nox1 trafficking to the plasma membrane and membrane recruitment of the cytosolic regulators Noxo1 and Noxa1. These results suggest that a Nox1-derived product is involved in the step that initiates the electron transfer reaction after the formation of the Nox1-Noxo1-Noxa1 complex. Furthermore, we show that the mean migration directionality and velocity of epithelial cells were significantly enhanced by the inhibition of constitutive Nox1 activity. Thus, the constitutive Nox1 activity limits undesired cell migration in resting cells while participating in a positive feedback loop toward its own oxidase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyano
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kajikawa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Japan
| | - Takuya Kiyohara
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease and Neurology, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Taura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chikage Kawai
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sala M, Ros M, Saltel F. A Complex and Evolutive Character: Two Face Aspects of ECM in Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1620. [PMID: 32984031 PMCID: PMC7485352 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment, including extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cells, is a key player during tumor development, from initiation, growth and progression to metastasis. During all of these steps, remodeling of matrix components occurs, changing its biochemical and physical properties. The global and basic cancer ECM model is that tumors are surrounded by activated stromal cells, that remodel physiological ECM to evolve into a stiffer and more crosslinked ECM than in normal conditions, thereby increasing invasive capacities of cancer cells. In this review, we show that this too simple model does not consider the complexity, specificity and heterogeneity of each organ and tumor. First, we describe the general ECM in context of cancer. Then, we go through five invasive and most frequent cancers from different origins (breast, liver, pancreas, colon, and skin), and show that each cancer has its own specific matrix, with different stromal cells, ECM components, biochemical properties and activated signaling pathways. Furthermore, in these five cancers, we describe the dual role of tumor ECM: as a protective barrier against tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and as a major player in tumor progression. Indeed, crosstalk between tumor and stromal cells induce changes in matrix organization by remodeling ECM through invadosome formation in order to degrade it, promoting tumor progression and cell invasion. To sum up, in this review, we highlight the specificities of matrix composition in five cancers and the necessity not to consider the ECM as one general and simple entity, but one complex, dynamic and specific entity for each cancer type and subtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Sala
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France
| | - Manon Ros
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BaRITOn, U1053, Bordeaux, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Significance: The oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance in the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is known to be involved in the development and progression of several pathologies. The excess of ROS production is often due to an overactivation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) and for this reason these enzymes became promising therapeutic targets. However, even if NOX are now well characterized, the development of new therapies is limited by the lack of highly isoform-specific inhibitors. Recent Advances: In the past decade, several groups and laboratories have screened thousands of molecules to identify new specific inhibitors with low off-target effects. These works have led to the characterization of several new potent NOX inhibitors; however, their specificity varies a lot depending on the molecules. Critical Issues: Here, we are reviewing more than 25 known NOX inhibitors, focusing mainly on the newly identified ones such as APX-115, NOS31, Phox-I1 and 2, GLX7013114, and GSK2795039. To have a better overall view of these molecules, the inhibitors were classified according to their specificity, from pan-NOX inhibitors to highly isoform-specific ones. We are also presenting the use of these compounds both in vitro and in vivo. Future Directions: Several of these new molecules are potent and very specific inhibitors that could be good candidates for the development of new drugs. Even if the results are very promising, most of these compounds were only validated in vitro or in mice models and further investigations will be required before using them as potential therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Chocry
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Ludovic Leloup
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Augoff K, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Tabola R. Invadopodia: clearing the way for cancer cell invasion. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:902. [PMID: 32793746 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The invasive nature of many cancer cells involves the formation of F-actin-based, lipid-raft-enriched membrane protrusions known as invadopodia or, more broadly, invadosomes. Invadopodia are specialized adhesive structures arising from ventral cell surface within cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contacts and concentrate high proteolytic activities that allow cells to overcome the dense scaffold of local microenvironment, comprising a natural barrier to cell spreading. This degradative activity distinguishes invadopodia from other adhesive structures like focal adhesions, lamellipodia or filopodia, and is believed to drive cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Surgical Education, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Renata Tabola
- Second Department and Clinic of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Src Family Kinases as Therapeutic Targets in Advanced Solid Tumors: What We Have Learned so Far. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061448. [PMID: 32498343 PMCID: PMC7352436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src is the prototypal member of Src Family tyrosine Kinases (SFKs), a large non-receptor kinase class that controls multiple signaling pathways in animal cells. SFKs activation is necessary for the mitogenic signal from many growth factors, but also for the acquisition of migratory and invasive phenotype. Indeed, oncogenic activation of SFKs has been demonstrated to play an important role in solid cancers; promoting tumor growth and formation of distant metastases. Several drugs targeting SFKs have been developed and tested in preclinical models and many of them have successfully reached clinical use in hematologic cancers. Although in solid tumors SFKs inhibitors have consistently confirmed their ability in blocking cancer cell progression in several experimental models; their utilization in clinical trials has unveiled unexpected complications against an effective utilization in patients. In this review, we summarize basic molecular mechanisms involving SFKs in cancer spreading and metastasization; and discuss preclinical and clinical data highlighting the main challenges for their future application as therapeutic targets in solid cancer progression
Collapse
|
23
|
Jin W. Regulation of Src Family Kinases during Colorectal Cancer Development and Its Clinical Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051339. [PMID: 32456226 PMCID: PMC7281431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Src family kinases (SFKs) are non-receptor kinases that play a critical role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The expression and activity of SFKs are upregulated in patients with CRC. Activation of SFKs promotes CRC cell proliferation, metastases to other organs and chemoresistance, as well as the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). The enhanced expression level of Src is associated with decreased survival in patients with CRC. Src-mediated regulation of CRC progression involves various membrane receptors, modulators, and suppressors, which regulate Src activation and its downstream targets through various mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the correlations between Src and CRC progression, with a special focus on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance, and formation of CSCs. Additionally, this review discusses preclinical and clinical strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting Src for treating patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Disease and Cell Regulation, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 406-840, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Birkl D, Quiros M, García-Hernández V, Zhou DW, Brazil JC, Hilgarth R, Keeney J, Yulis M, Bruewer M, García AJ, O´Leary MN, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. TNFα promotes mucosal wound repair through enhanced platelet activating factor receptor signaling in the epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:909-918. [PMID: 30971752 PMCID: PMC6599476 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathobiology of several chronic inflammatory disorders, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is related to intermittent, spontaneous injury/ulceration of mucosal surfaces. Disease morbidity has been associated with pathologic release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). In this report, we show that TNFα promotes intestinal mucosal repair through upregulation of the GPCR platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) in the intestinal epithelium. Platelet activating factor (PAF) was increased in healing mucosal wounds and its engagement with epithelial PAFR leads to activation of epidermal growth factor receptor, Src and Rac1 signaling to promote wound closure. Consistent with these findings, delayed colonic mucosal repair was observed after administration of a neutralizing TNFα antibody and in mice lacking PAFR. These findings suggest that in the injured mucosa, the pro-inflammatory milieu containing TNFα and PAF sets the stage for reparative events mediated by PAFR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Birkl
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Miguel Quiros
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Dennis W. Zhou
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roland Hilgarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin Keeney
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark Yulis
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Bruewer
- Department of Surgery, St. Franziskus-Hospital Münster, 48145 Münster, Germany
| | - Andrés J. García
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Monique N. O´Leary
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Correspondence: Asma Nusrat, , Monique N. O’Leary,
| | - Charles A. Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Correspondence: Asma Nusrat, , Monique N. O’Leary,
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Caires-Dos-Santos L, da Silva SV, Smuczek B, de Siqueira AS, Cruz KSP, Barbuto JAM, Augusto TM, Freitas VM, Carvalho HF, Jaeger RG. Laminin-derived peptide C16 regulates Tks expression and reactive oxygen species generation in human prostate cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:587-598. [PMID: 31254281 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Laminin peptides influence cancer biology. We investigated the role of a laminin-derived peptide C16 regulating invadopodia molecules in human prostate cancer cells (DU145). C16 augmented invadopodia activity of DU145 cells, and stimulated expression Tks4, Tks5, cortactin, and membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 1. Reactive oxygen species generation is also related to invadopodia formation. This prompted us to address whether C16 would induce reactive oxygen species generation in DU145 cells. Quantitative fluorescence and flow cytometry showed that the peptide C16 increased reactive oxygen species in DU145 cells. Furthermore, significant colocalization between Tks5 and reactive oxygen species was observed in C16-treated cells. Results suggested that the peptide C16 increased Tks5 and reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells. The role of C16 increasing Tks and reactive oxygen species are novel findings on invadopodia activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Caires-Dos-Santos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suély V da Silva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Basilio Smuczek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biology, UNICENTRO State University, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Adriane S de Siqueira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Dentistry, Positivo University, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Karen S P Cruz
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, AL, Brazil.,Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, AL, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre M Barbuto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Taize M Augusto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, School of Medicine of Jundiai, Jundiai, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Freitas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ruy G Jaeger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Significance of the Tks4 scaffold protein in bone tissue homeostasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5781. [PMID: 30962481 PMCID: PMC6453952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The main driver of osteoporosis is an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis has also been connected to genetic alterations in key osteogenic factors and dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM-MSCs). Tks4 (encoded by the Sh3pxd2b gene) is a scaffold protein involved in podosome organization. Homozygous mutational inactivation of Sh3pxd2b causes Frank-ter Haar syndrome (FTHS), a genetic disease that affects bone tissue as well as eye, ear, and heart functions. To date, the role of Tks4 in adult bone homeostasis has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the facial and femoral bone phenotypes of Sh3pxd2b knock-out (KO) mice using micro-CT methods. In addition to the analysis of the Sh3pxd2b-KO mice, the bone microstructure of an FTHS patient was also examined. Macro-examination of skulls from Tks4-deficient mice revealed craniofacial malformations that were very similar to symptoms of the FTHS patient. The femurs of the Sh3pxd2b-KO mice had alterations in the trabecular system and showed signs of osteoporosis, and, similarly, the FTHS patient also showed increased trabecular separation/porosity. The expression levels of the Runx2 and osteocalcin bone formation markers were reduced in the bone and bone marrow of the Sh3pxd2b-KO femurs, respectively. Our recent study demonstrated that Sh3pxd2b-KO BM-MSCs have a reduced ability to differentiate into osteoblast lineage cells; therefore, we concluded that the Tks4 scaffold protein is important for osteoblast formation, and that it likely plays a role in bone cell homeostasis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are the largest group of cell surface receptors, which link cells to their environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as important cellular signaling molecules. The family of NADPH oxidases generates ROS in response to activated cell surface receptors. Recent Advances: Various signaling pathways linking GPCRs and activation of NADPH oxidases have been characterized. CRITICAL ISSUES Still, a more detailed analysis of G proteins involved in the GPCR-mediated activation of NADPH oxidases is needed. In addition, a more precise discrimination of NADPH oxidase activation due to either upregulation of subunit expression or post-translational subunit modifications is needed. Also, the role of noncanonical modulators of NADPH oxidase activation in the response to GPCRs awaits further analyses. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As GPCRs are one of the most popular classes of investigational drug targets, further detailing of G protein-coupled mechanisms in the activation mechanism of NADPH oxidases as well as better understanding of the link between newly identified NADPH oxidase interaction partners and GPCR signaling will provide new opportunities for improved efficiency and decreased off target effects of therapies targeting GPCRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petry
- 1 Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich , TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Görlach
- 1 Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich , TU Munich, Munich, Germany .,2 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) , Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dülk M, Szeder B, Glatz G, Merő BL, Koprivanacz K, Kudlik G, Vas V, Sipeki S, Cserkaszky A, Radnai L, Buday L. EGF Regulates the Interaction of Tks4 with Src through Its SH2 and SH3 Domains. Biochemistry 2018; 57:4186-4196. [PMID: 29928795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src is a central component of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway. Our group recently showed that the Frank-ter Haar syndrome protein Tks4 (tyrosine kinase substrate with four Src homology 3 domains) is also involved in EGF signaling. Here we demonstrate that Tks4 and Src bind directly to each other and elucidate the details of the molecular mechanism of this complex formation. Results of GST pull-down and fluorescence polarization assays show that both a proline-rich SH3 binding motif (PSRPLPDAP, residues 466-474) and an adjacent phosphotyrosine-containing SH2 binding motif (pYEEI, residues 508-511) in Tks4 are responsible for Src binding. These motifs interact with the SH3 and SH2 domains of Src, respectively, leading to a synergistic enhancement of binding strength and a highly stable, "bidentate"-type of interaction. In agreement with these results, we found that the association of Src with Tks4 is permanent and the complex lasts at least 3 h in living cells. We conclude that the interaction of Tks4 with Src may result in the long term stabilization of the kinase in its active conformation, leading to prolonged Src activity following EGF stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Metta Dülk
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor Glatz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology , Eötvös Loránd University , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Balázs L Merő
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Kitti Koprivanacz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gyöngyi Kudlik
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Virág Vas
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Sipeki
- Department of Medical Chemistry , Semmelweis University Medical School , 1094 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Anna Cserkaszky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - László Radnai
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - László Buday
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary.,Department of Medical Chemistry , Semmelweis University Medical School , 1094 Budapest , Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase substrate (Tks) adaptor proteins are considered important regulators of various physiological and/or pathological processes, particularly cell migration and invasion, and cancer progression. These proteins contain PX and SH3 domains, and act as scaffolds, bringing membrane and cellular components in close proximity in structures known as invadopodia or podosomes. Tks proteins, analogous to the related proteins p47phox, p40phox and NoxO1, also facilitate local generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which aid in signaling at invadopodia and/or podosomes to promote their activity. As their name suggests, Tks adaptor proteins are substrates for tyrosine kinases, especially Src. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we discuss the known structural and functional aspects of Tks adaptor proteins. As the science of Tks proteins is evolving, this article will point out where we stand and what still needs to be explored. We also underscore pathological conditions involving these proteins, providing a basis for future research to develop therapies for treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saini
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Reactive Oxygen Species Responsive Naturally Occurring Phenolic-Based Polymeric Prodrug. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:291-301. [PMID: 30357629 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play a vital role in the biological system. Exaggerated, ROS have devastating effects on the human body leading to the pathophysiological condition including the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer phenotype. Nature has blessed us with various biomolecules that we use along with our dietary supplements. Using such therapeutic small molecules covalently incorporated into biodegradable polyoxalate polymer backbone with a responsive group forms an efficient drug delivery vehicle. This chapter "Reactive oxygen species responsive naturally occurring phenolic-based polymeric prodrug" will be focusing on redox-responsive polymers incorporated with naturally occurring phenolics and clinical application.
Collapse
|
31
|
Berwin Singh SV, Park H, Khang G, Lee D. Hydrogen peroxide-responsive engineered polyoxalate nanoparticles for enhanced wound healing. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
32
|
Chocry M, Leloup L, Kovacic H. Reversion of resistance to oxaliplatin by inhibition of p38 MAPK in colorectal cancer cell lines: involvement of the calpain / Nox1 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103710-103730. [PMID: 29262595 PMCID: PMC5732761 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a major treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer, however its effectiveness is greatly diminished by the development of resistances. Our previous work has shown that oxaliplatin efficacy depends on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by Nox1. In this report, we investigated Nox1 involvement in the survival mechanisms of oxaliplatin resistant cell lines that we have selected. Our results show that basal ROS production by Nox1 is increased in resistant cells. Whereas the transitory Nox1-dependent production of superoxide contributes to the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in sensitive cells, oxaliplatin treatment of resistant cells leads to a decrease in the production of superoxide associated with an increase of H2O2 and a decreased cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin. We have shown that calpains regulate differently Nox1 according to the sensitivity of the cells to oxaliplatin. In sensitive cells, calpains inhibit Nox1 by cleaving NoxA1 leading to a transient ROS production necessary for oxaliplatin cytotoxic effects. In contrast, in resistant cells calpain activation is associated with an increase of Nox1 activity through Src kinases, inducing a strong and maintained ROS production responsible for cell survival. Using a kinomic study we have shown that this overactivation of Nox1 results in an increase of p38 MAPK activity allowing the resistant cells to escape apoptosis. Our results show that the modulation of Nox1 activity in the context of anticancer treatment remains complex. However, a strategy to maximize Nox1 activation while inhibiting the p38 MAPK-dependent escape routes appears to be an option of choice to optimize oxaliplatin efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Chocry
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Ludovic Leloup
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille 13385, France
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Marseille 13385, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Paterson EK, Courtneidge SA. Invadosomes are coming: new insights into function and disease relevance. FEBS J 2017; 285:8-27. [PMID: 28548369 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia and podosomes are discrete, actin-based molecular protrusions that form in cancer cells and normal cells, respectively, in response to diverse signaling pathways and extracellular matrix cues. Although they participate in a host of different cellular processes, they share a common functional theme of controlling pericellular proteolytic activity, which sets them apart from other structures that function in migration and adhesion, including focal adhesions, lamellipodia, and filopodia. In this review, we highlight research that explores the function of these complex structures, including roles for podosomes in embryonic and postnatal development, in angiogenesis and remodeling of the vasculature, in maturation of the postsynaptic membrane, in antigen sampling and recognition, and in cell-cell fusion mechanisms, as well as the involvement of invadopodia at multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, and how all of this may apply in the treatment of human disease states. Finally, we explore recent research that implicates a novel role for exosomes and microvesicles in invadopodia-dependent and invadopodia-independent mechanisms of invasion, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse K Paterson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang H, Hartnett ME. Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase in Angiogenesis: Isoform-Specific Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6020040. [PMID: 28587189 PMCID: PMC5488020 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones and is implicated in physiologic vascular development, pathologic blood vessel growth, and vascular restoration. This is in contrast to vasculogenesis, which is de novo growth of vessels from vascular precursors, or from vascular repair that occurs when circulating endothelial progenitor cells home into an area and develop into blood vessels. The objective of this review is to discuss the isoform-specific role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis and vascular repair, but will not specifically address vasculogenesis. As the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs), NOX has gained increasing attention in angiogenesis. Activation of NOX leads to events necessary for physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, including EC migration, proliferation and tube formation. However, activation of different NOX isoforms has different effects in angiogenesis. Activation of NOX2 promotes pathologic angiogenesis and vascular inflammation, but may be beneficial in revascularization in the hindlimb ischemic model. In contrast, activation of NOX4 appears to promote physiologic angiogenesis mainly by protecting the vasculature during ischemia, hypoxia and inflammation and by restoring vascularization, except in models of oxygen-induced retinopathy and diabetes where NOX4 activation leads to pathologic angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- The John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, 65 N. Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - M Elizabeth Hartnett
- The John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, 65 N. Mario Capecchi Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dai W, Wang X, Song G, Liu T, He B, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhang Q. Combination antitumor therapy with targeted dual-nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 115:23-45. [PMID: 28285944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy is one of the important treatment strategies for cancer at present. However, the outcome of current combination therapy based on the co-administration of conventional dosage forms is suboptimal, due to the short half-lives of chemodrugs, their deficient tumor selectivity and so forth. Nanotechnology-based targeted delivery systems show great promise in addressing the associated problems and providing superior therapeutic benefits. In this review, we focus on the combination of therapeutic strategies between different nanomedicines or drug-loaded nanocarriers, rather than the co-delivery of different drugs via a single nanocarrier. We introduce the general concept of various targeting strategies of nanomedicines, present the principles of combination antitumor therapy with dual-nanomedicines, analyze their advantages and limitations compared with co-delivery strategies, and overview the recent advances of combination therapy based on targeted nanomedicines. Finally, we reviewed the challenges and future perspectives regarding the selection of therapeutic agents, targeting efficiency and the gap between the preclinical and clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ge Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tongzhou Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mousslim M, Pagano A, Andreotti N, Garrouste F, Thuault S, Peyrot V, Parat F, Luis J, Culcasi M, Thétiot-Laurent S, Pietri S, Sabatier JM, Kovacic H. Peptide screen identifies a new NADPH oxidase inhibitor: impact on cell migration and invasion. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 794:162-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
37
|
Wang H, Leung M, Wandinger-Ness A, Hudson LG, Song M. Constrained inference of protein interaction networks for invadopodium formation in cancer. IET Syst Biol 2016; 10:76-85. [PMID: 26997662 PMCID: PMC4804358 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2015.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating prior molecular network knowledge into interpretation of new experimental data is routine practice in biology research. However, a dilemma for deciphering interactome using Bayes' rule is the demotion of novel interactions with low prior probabilities. Here the authors present constrained generalised logical network (CGLN) inference to predict novel interactions in dynamic networks, respecting previously known interactions and observed temporal coherence. It encodes prior interactions as probabilistic logic rules called local constraints, and forms global constraints using observed dynamic patterns. CGLN finds constraint-satisfying trajectories by solving a k-stops problem in the state space of dynamic networks and then reconstructs candidate networks. They benchmarked CGLN on randomly generated networks, and CGLN outperformed its alternatives when 50% or more interactions in a network are given as local constraints. CGLN is then applied to infer dynamic protein interaction networks regulating invadopodium formation in motile cancer cells. CGLN predicted 134 novel protein interactions for their involvement in invadopodium formation. The most frequently predicted interactions centre around focal adhesion kinase and tyrosine kinase substrate TKS4, and 14 interactions are supported by the literature in molecular contexts related to invadopodium formation. As an alternative to the Bayesian paradigm, the CGLN method offers constrained network inference without requiring prior probabilities and thus can promote novel interactions, consistent with the discovery process of scientific facts that are not yet in common beliefs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haizhou Wang
- Department of Computer Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Ming Leung
- Departments of Biology and Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Mingzhou Song
- Department of Computer Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Di A, Mehta D, Malik AB. ROS-activated calcium signaling mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier function. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:163-71. [PMID: 26905827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability is a common pathogenic feature in many inflammatory diseases. For example in acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe form, the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung microvessel endothelia lose their junctional integrity resulting in leakiness of the endothelial barrier and accumulation of protein rich edema. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by neutrophils (PMNs) and other inflammatory cells play an important role in increasing endothelial permeability. In essence, multiple inflammatory syndromes are caused by dysfunction and compromise of the barrier properties of the endothelium as a consequence of unregulated acute inflammatory response. This review focuses on the role of ROS signaling in controlling endothelial permeability with particular focus on ALI. We summarize below recent progress in defining signaling events leading to increased endothelial permeability and ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Di
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Brewer TF, Garcia FJ, Onak CS, Carroll KS, Chang CJ. Chemical approaches to discovery and study of sources and targets of hydrogen peroxide redox signaling through NADPH oxidase proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 84:765-90. [PMID: 26034893 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a prime member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) family of molecules produced during normal cell function and in response to various stimuli, but if left unchecked, it can inflict oxidative damage on all types of biological macromolecules and lead to cell death. In this context, a major source of H2O2 for redox signaling purposes is the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of enzymes, which were classically studied for their roles in phagocytic immune response but have now been found to exist in virtually all mammalian cell types in various isoforms with distinct tissue and subcellular localizations. Downstream of this tightly regulated ROS generation, site-specific, reversible covalent modification of proteins, particularly oxidation of cysteine thiols to sulfenic acids, represents a prominent posttranslational modification akin to phosphorylation as an emerging molecular mechanism for transforming an oxidant signal into a dynamic biological response. We review two complementary types of chemical tools that enable (a) specific detection of H2O2 generated at its sources and (b) mapping of sulfenic acid posttranslational modification targets that mediate its signaling functions, which can be used to study this important chemical signal in biological systems.
Collapse
|
40
|
Panieri E, Santoro MM. ROS signaling and redox biology in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3281-303. [PMID: 25972278 PMCID: PMC11113497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of redox mechanisms, sources and antioxidants that control signaling events in ECs. In particular, we describe which molecules are involved in redox signaling and how they influence the relationship between ECs and other vascular component with regard to angiogenesis. Recent and new tools to investigate physiological ROS signaling will be also discussed. Such findings are providing an overview of the ROS biology relevant for endothelial cells in the context of normal and pathological angiogenic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo M. Santoro
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ádám C, Fekete A, Bőgel G, Németh Z, Tőkési N, Ovádi J, Liliom K, Pesti S, Geiszt M, Buday L. Accumulation of the PX domain mutant Frank-ter Haar syndrome protein Tks4 in aggresomes. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:33. [PMID: 26183326 PMCID: PMC4504077 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cells deploy quality control mechanisms to remove damaged or misfolded proteins. Recently, we have reported that a mutation (R43W) in the Frank-ter Haar syndrome protein Tks4 resulted in aberrant intracellular localization. Results Here we demonstrate that the accumulation of Tks4R43W depends on the intact microtubule network. Detergent-insoluble Tks4 mutant colocalizes with the centrosome and its aggregate is encaged by the intermediate filament protein vimentin. Both the microtubule inhibitor nocodazole and the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A inhibit markedly the aggresome formation in cells expressing Tks4R43W. Finally, pretreatment of cells with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 markedly increases the level of aggresomes formed by Tks4R43W. Furthermore, two additional mutant Tks4 proteins (Tks41–48 or Tks41–341) have been investigated. Whereas the shorter Tks4 mutant, Tks41–48, shows no expression at all, the longer Tks4 truncation mutant accumulates in the nuclei of the cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that misfolded Frank-ter Haar syndrome protein Tks4R43W is transported via the microtubule system to the aggresomes. Lack of expression of Tks41–48 or aberrant intracellular expressions of Tks4R43W and Tks41–341 strongly suggest that these mutations result in dysfunctional proteins which are not capable of operating properly, leading to the development of FTHS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Ádám
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Anna Fekete
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Bőgel
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Natália Tőkési
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Károly Liliom
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Szabolcs Pesti
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary. .,"Lendület" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - László Buday
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary. .,Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cheng D, Zhao L, Xu Y, Ou R, Li G, Yang H, Li W. K-Ras promotes the non-small lung cancer cells survival by cooperating with sirtuin 1 and p27 under ROS stimulation. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7221-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
43
|
Zhao T, Liu M, Gu C, Wang X, Wang Y. Activation of c-Src tyrosine kinase mediated the degradation of occludin in ventilator-induced lung injury. Respir Res 2014; 15:158. [PMID: 25471013 PMCID: PMC4262993 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is characterized by increased alveolar permeability, pulmonary edema. The tyrosine kinase, c-Src, is involved in VILI but its role has not been fully elucidated. This study examined the relationship between c-Src activation and occludin levels in VILI both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS For the in vivo study, Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (group C); normal tidal volume (group M); normal tidal volume + c-Src inhibitor (PP2) (group M + P); high tidal volume (group H); and high tidal volume + c-Src inhibitor (PP2) (group H + P). Rats in all groups but group C underwent mechanical ventilation for 4 h. For the in vitro study, MLE-12 cells pretreated with PP2 and siRNA underwent cyclic stretching at 8% or 20% for 0, 1, 2 and 4 h. The expressions of occludin, c-Src, and p-c-Src were analyzed by western blotting, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS For the in vivo study, rats in group H showed decreased occludin expression and activated c-Src compared with group C. HE staining and lung injury score showed more severe lung injury and alveolar edema in group H compared with group M and group C. Group H + P had less pulmonary edema induced by the high tidal volume ventilation. For the in vitro study, occludin expression decreased and c-Src activation increased as indicated by the phosphorylation of c-Src over time. Consistently, PP2 could restore occludin levels. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical ventilation can activate c-Src by phosphorylation and increase the degradation of occludin. c-Src inhibitor can ameliorate barrier function and lung injury by up-regulating occludin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Changping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Fifth People's Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuelan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
p, p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene induces colorectal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation through oxidative stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112700. [PMID: 25386960 PMCID: PMC4227882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
p, p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), the major metabolite of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), is an organochlorine pollutant and associated with cancer progression. The present study investigated the possible effects of p,p'-DDE on colorectal cancer and the involved molecular mechanism. The results indicated that exposure to low concentrations of p,p'-DDE from 10(-10) to 10(-7) M for 96 h markedly enhanced proliferations of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Moreover, p,p'-DDE exposure could activate Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog/Gli1 signaling cascades, and the expression level of c-Myc and cyclin D1 was significantly increased. Consistently, p,p'-DDE-induced cell proliferation along with upregulated c-Myc and cyclin D1 were impeded by β-catenin siRNA or Gli1 siRNA. In addition, p,p'-DDE was able to activate NADPH oxidase, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduce GSH content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and calatase (CAT) activities. Treatment with antioxidants prevented p,p'-DDE-induced cell proliferation and signaling pathways of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog/Gli1. These results indicated that p,p'-DDE promoted colorectal cancer cell proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog/Gli1 signalings mediated by oxidative stress. The finding suggests an association between p,p'-DDE exposure and the risk of colorectal cancer progression.
Collapse
|
45
|
Brandes RP, Weissmann N, Schröder K. Nox family NADPH oxidases: Molecular mechanisms of activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:208-26. [PMID: 25157786 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are important enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Numerous homologue-specific mechanisms control the activity of this enzyme family involving calcium, free fatty acids, protein-protein interactions, intracellular trafficking, and posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, or sumoylation. After a brief review on the classic pathways of Nox activation, this article will focus on novel mechanisms of homologue-specific activity control and on cell-specific aspects which govern Nox activity. From these findings of the recent years it must be concluded that the activity control of Nox enzymes is much more complex than anticipated. Moreover, depending on the cellular activity state, Nox enzymes are selectively activated or inactivated. The complex upstream signaling aspects of these events make the development of "intelligent" Nox inhibitors plausible, which selectively attenuate disease-related Nox-mediated ROS formation without altering physiological signaling ROS. This approach might be of relevance for Nox-mediated tissue injury in ischemia-reperfusion and inflammation and also for chronic Nox overactivation as present in cancer initiation and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- ECCPS, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Member of the DZL, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kolli-Bouhafs K, Sick E, Noulet F, Gies JP, De Mey J, Rondé P. FAK competes for Src to promote migration against invasion in melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1379. [PMID: 25118939 PMCID: PMC4454304 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most deadly cancers because of its high propensity to metastasis, a process that requires migration and invasion of tumor cells driven by the regulated formation of adhesives structures like focal adhesions (FAs) and invasive structures like invadopodia. FAK, the major kinase of FAs, has been implicated in many cellular processes, including migration and invasion. In this study, we investigated the role of FAK in the regulation of invasion. We report that suppression of FAK in B16F10 melanoma cells led to increased invadopodia formation and invasion through Matrigel, but impaired migration. These effects are rescued by FAK WT but not by FAK(Y397F) reexpression. Invadopodia formation requires local Src activation downstream of FAK and in a FAK phosphorylation-dependant manner. FAK deletion correlates with increased phosphorylation of Tks-5 (tyrosine kinase substrate with five SH3 domain) and reactive oxygen species production. In conclusion, our data show that FAK is able to mediate opposite effects on cell migration and invasion. Accordingly, beneficial effects of FAK inhibition are context dependent and may depend on the cell response to environmental cues and/or on the primary or secondary changes that melanoma experienced through the invasion cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kolli-Bouhafs
- 1] CNRS, UMR 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Illkirch, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - E Sick
- 1] CNRS, UMR 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Illkirch, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - F Noulet
- 1] CNRS, UMR 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Illkirch, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - J-P Gies
- 1] CNRS, UMR 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Illkirch, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - J De Mey
- 1] CNRS, UMR 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Illkirch, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| | - P Rondé
- 1] CNRS, UMR 7213, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, Illkirch, France [2] Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Meitzler JL, Antony S, Wu Y, Juhasz A, Liu H, Jiang G, Lu J, Roy K, Doroshow JH. NADPH oxidases: a perspective on reactive oxygen species production in tumor biology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2873-89. [PMID: 24156355 PMCID: PMC4026372 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote genomic instability, altered signal transduction, and an environment that can sustain tumor formation and growth. The NOX family of NADPH oxidases, membrane-bound epithelial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide producers, plays a critical role in the maintenance of immune function, cell growth, and apoptosis. The impact of NOX enzymes in carcinogenesis is currently being defined and may directly link chronic inflammation and NOX ROS-mediated tumor formation. RECENT ADVANCES Increased interest in the function of NOX enzymes in tumor biology has spurred a surge of investigative effort to understand the variability of NOX expression levels in tumors and the effect of NOX activity on tumor cell proliferation. These initial efforts have demonstrated a wide variance in NOX distribution and expression levels across numerous cancers as well as in common tumor cell lines, suggesting that much remains to be discovered about the unique role of NOX-related ROS production within each system. Progression from in vitro cell line studies toward in vivo tumor tissue screening and xenograft models has begun to provide evidence supporting the importance of NOX expression in carcinogenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES A lack of universally available, isoform-specific antibodies and animal tumor models of inducible knockout or over-expression of NOX isoforms has hindered progress toward the completion of in vivo studies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS In vivo validation experiments and the use of large, existing gene expression data sets should help define the best model systems for studying the NOX homologues in the context of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Meitzler
- 1 Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology of the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There is increasing evidence that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the central nervous system (CNS) involves the NOX family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases. Controlled ROS generation appears necessary for optimal functioning of the CNS through fine-tuning of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, while overshooting ROS generation will lead to oxidative stress and CNS disease. RECENT ADVANCES NOX enzymes are not only restricted to microglia (i.e. brain phagocytes) but also expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and the neurovascular system. NOX enzymes are involved in CNS development, neural stem cell biology, and the function of mature neurons. While NOX2 appears to be a major source of pathological oxidative stress in the CNS, other NOX isoforms might also be of importance, for example, NOX4 in stroke. Globally speaking, there is now convincing evidence for a role of NOX enzymes in various neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and psychosis-related disorders. CRITICAL ISSUES The relative importance of specific ROS sources (e.g., NOX enzymes vs. mitochondria; NOX2 vs. NOX4) in different pathological processes needs further investigation. The absence of specific inhibitors limits the possibility to investigate specific therapeutic strategies. The uncritical use of non-specific inhibitors (e.g., apocynin, diphenylene iodonium) and poorly validated antibodies may lead to misleading conclusions. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Physiological and pathophysiological studies with cell-type-specific knock-out mice will be necessary to delineate the precise functions of NOX enzymes and their implications in pathomechanisms. The development of CNS-permeant, specific NOX inhibitors will be necessary to advance toward therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Nayernia
- 1 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals, Centre Médical Universitaire , Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Talamás-Lara D, Chávez-Munguía B, González-Robles A, Talamás-Rohana P, Salazar-Villatoro L, Durán-Díaz Á, Martínez-Palomo A. Erythrophagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar: a comparative study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:626259. [PMID: 25003123 PMCID: PMC4066688 DOI: 10.1155/2014/626259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of human intestinal and liver amebiasis. The extraordinary phagocytic activity of E. histolytica trophozoites has been accepted as one of the virulence mechanisms responsible for their invasive capacity. The recognition of the noninvasive Entamoeba dispar as a different species has raised the question as to whether the lack of pathogenic potential of this ameba correlates with a limited phagocytic capacity. We have therefore compared the process of erythrophagocytosis in both species by means of light and video microscopy, hemoglobin measurement, and the estimation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we confirmed that E. dispar has lower erythrophagocytic capacity. We also observed by video microscopy a new event of erythrocyte opsonization-like in both species, being more characteristic in E. histolytica. Moreover, E. dispar showed a lower capacity to produce ROS compared with the invasive species and also showed a large population of amoebae that did not engulf any erythrocyte over time. Our results demonstrate that E. histolytica has a higher phagocytic capacity than E. dispar, including a higher rate of production of ROS in the course of ingesting red blood cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Talamás-Lara
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Bibiana Chávez-Munguía
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Arturo González-Robles
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Patricia Talamás-Rohana
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Salazar-Villatoro
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Ángel Durán-Díaz
- Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, Biology, UNAM, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090 Tlalnepantla, MEX, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Martínez-Palomo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gargalionis AN, Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou AG. The molecular rationale of Src inhibition in colorectal carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2019-2029. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N. Gargalionis
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School; Athens Greece
| |
Collapse
|