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Di Bella DJ, Domínguez-Iturza N, Brown JR, Arlotta P. Making Ramón y Cajal proud: Development of cell identity and diversity in the cerebral cortex. Neuron 2024; 112:2091-2111. [PMID: 38754415 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the beautiful images of Santiago Ramón y Cajal provided a first glimpse into the immense diversity and complexity of cell types found in the cerebral cortex, neuroscience has been challenged and inspired to understand how these diverse cells are generated and how they interact with each other to orchestrate the development of this remarkable tissue. Some fundamental questions drive the field's quest to understand cortical development: what are the mechanistic principles that govern the emergence of neuronal diversity? How do extrinsic and intrinsic signals integrate with physical forces and activity to shape cell identity? How do the diverse populations of neurons and glia influence each other during development to guarantee proper integration and function? The advent of powerful new technologies to profile and perturb cortical development at unprecedented resolution and across a variety of modalities has offered a new opportunity to integrate past knowledge with brand new data. Here, we review some of this progress using cortical excitatory projection neurons as a system to draw out general principles of cell diversification and the role of cell-cell interactions during cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Di Bella
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Nuria Domínguez-Iturza
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Juliana R Brown
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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2
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Diomede F, Guarnieri S, Lanuti P, Konstantinidou F, Gatta V, Rajan TS, Pierdomenico SD, Trubiani O, Marconi GD, Pizzicannella J. Extracellular vesicles (EVs): A promising therapeutic tool in the heart tissue regeneration. Biofactors 2024; 50:509-522. [PMID: 38131134 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment has been widely explored as a therapy for myocardial infarction, peripheral ischemic vascular diseases, dilated cardiomyopathy, and pulmonary hypertension. Latest in vitro studies suggest that MSCs can differentiate into contractile cardiomyocytes. One of the best-characterized MSCs products are MSCs-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are crucial paracrine effectors of MSCs. Based on previous works, paracrine effects of MSCs play a primary role in the regenerative ability. Hence, in the current paper, we focused our attention on an alternative approach, exploiting products derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) rather than MSCs themselves, which may denote a cost-effective and safer approach. The focus has been on EVs and the bioactive molecules they contain to evaluate their ability to influence the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage. The expression of GATA4, ACTC1, CX43, and Nkx2.5 was evaluated using Immunofluorescence, real time-PCR, and Western blotting analyses. Furthermore, the expression profiling analysis of the microRNA hsa-miR-200c-3p, targeting the GATA4 gene, was studied. The hsa-miR-200c-3p was found significantly down-regulated in both c-hDPSCs + EVs-hDPSCs and c-hDPSCs + EVs-HL-1 compared to untreated c-hDPSCs underlying a possible epigenetic mechanism behind the prevalent up-regulation of its targeted GATA4 gene. The aim of the present work was to develop an in vitro model of hDPSCs able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in order to investigate the role of EVs derived from hDPSCs and derived from HL-1 cardiomyocyte cell line in modulating the differentiation process toward cardiomyogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fani Konstantinidou
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Psychological Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- Research and Development Unit, Theertha Biopharma Private limited, KIADB, Industrial Area, Bangalore, India
| | - Sante D Pierdomenico
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Pizzicannella
- Department of Engineering and Geology, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy
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3
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Bakalar D, O’Reilly JJ, Lacaille H, Salzbank J, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, Sasaki T, Imamura Y, Hashimoto-Torii K, Vacher CM, Penn AA. Lack of placental neurosteroid alters cortical development and female somatosensory function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:972033. [PMID: 36313771 PMCID: PMC9606442 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.972033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental endocrine function is essential to fetal brain development. Placental hormones include neurosteroids such as allopregnanolone (ALLO), a regulator of neurodevelopmental processes via positive allosteric modulation of the GABAA receptor (GABAA-R). Using a mouse model (plKO) in which the gene encoding the ALLO synthesis enzyme is specifically deleted in trophoblasts, we previously showed that placental ALLO insufficiency alters cerebellar white matter development and leads to male-specific autistic-like behavior. We now demonstrate that the lack of placental ALLO causes female-predominant alterations of cortical development and function. Placental ALLO insufficiency disrupts cell proliferation in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in a sex-linked manner. Early changes are seen in plKO embryos of both sexes, but persist primarily in female offspring after birth. Adolescent plKO females show significant reduction in pyramidal neuron density, as well as somatosensory behavioral deficits as compared with plKO males and control littermates. Assessment of layer-specific markers in human postmortem cortices suggests that preterm infants may also have female-biased abnormalities in cortical layer specification as compared with term infants. This study establishes a novel and fundamental link between placental function and sex-linked long-term neurological outcomes, emphasizing the importance of the growing field of neuroplacentology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Bakalar
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jiaqi J. O’Reilly
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Helene Lacaille
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacquelyn Salzbank
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Claire-Marie Vacher
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna A. Penn
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Zhang S, Zhao J, Quan Z, Li H, Qing H. Mitochondria and Other Organelles in Neural Development and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:853911. [PMID: 35450015 PMCID: PMC9016280 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.853911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of organelles to neural development has received increasing attention. Studies have shown that organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and endosomes play important roles in neurogenesis. Specifically, metabolic switching, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and the interaction between mitochondria and the ER all have roles in neurogenesis. Lysosomes and endosomes can regulate neurite growth and extension. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming represents a novel strategy for generating functional neurons. Accordingly, the exploration and application of mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming will be beneficial for neural conversion and regenerative medicine. There is adequate evidence implicating the dysfunction of cellular organelles—especially mitochondria—in neurodegenerative disorders, and that improvement of mitochondrial function may reverse the progression of these diseases through the reinforcement of adult neurogenesis. Therefore, these organelles have potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the function of these organelles, especially mitochondria, in neural development, focusing on their potential as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Aerospace Medical Center, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li,
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Hong Qing,
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5
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Madonna R, Guarnieri S, Kovácsházi C, Görbe A, Giricz Z, Geng YJ, Mariggiò MA, Ferdinandy P, De Caterina R. Telomerase/myocardin expressing mesenchymal cells induce survival and cardiovascular markers in cardiac stromal cells undergoing ischaemia/reperfusion. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5381-5390. [PMID: 33949765 PMCID: PMC8184669 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac stromal cells (CSCs) contain a pool of cells with supportive and paracrine functions. Various types of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can influence CSCs in the cardiac niche through their paracrine activity. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) leads to cell death and reduction of the paracrine activity of CSCs. The forced co‐expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and myocardin (MYOCD), known to potentiate anti‐apoptotic, pro‐survival and pro‐angiogenic activities of MSCs isolated from the adipose tissue (AT‐MSCs), may increase CSC survival, favouring their paracrine activities. We aimed at investigating the hypothesis that CSCs feature improved resistance to simulated I/R (SI/R) and increased commitment towards the cardiovascular lineage when preconditioned with conditioned media (CM) or extracellular vesicles (EV) released from AT‐MSCs overexpressing TERT and MYOCD (T/M AT‐MSCs). Murine CSCs were isolated with the cardiosphere (CSps) isolation technique. T/M AT‐MSCs and their secretome improved spontaneous intracellular calcium changes and ryanodine receptor expression in aged CSps. The cytoprotective effect of AT‐MSCs was tested in CSCs subjected to SI/R. SI/R induced cell death as compared to normoxia (28 ± 4 vs 10 ± 3%, P = .02). Pre‐treatment with CM (15 ± 2, P = .02) or with the EV‐enriched fraction (10 ± 1%, P = .02) obtained from mock‐transduced AT‐MSCs in normoxia reduced cell death after SI/R. The effect was more pronounced with CM (7 ± 1%, P = .01) or the EV‐enriched fraction (2 ± 1%, P = .01) obtained from T/M AT‐MSCs subjected to SI/R. In parallel, we observed lower expression of the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase‐3 and higher expression of cardiac and vascular markers eNOS, sarcomeric α‐actinin and cardiac actin. The T/M AT‐MSCs secretome exerts a cytoprotective effect and promotes development of CSCs undergoing SI/R towards a cardiovascular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Madonna
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, Cardiology Division, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology -CAST, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara and StemTeCh Group, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Csenger Kovácsházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aniko Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Addolorata Mariggiò
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology -CAST, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara and StemTeCh Group, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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6
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miR-4454 up-regulated by HPV16 E6/E7 promotes invasion and migration by targeting ABHD2/NUDT21 in cervical cancer. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:226157. [PMID: 32816024 PMCID: PMC7468098 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expression of HPV16 E6/E7 activates oncogenes and/or inactivates tumor suppressor genes, resulting in the selective growth and malignant transformation of cancer cells. miR-4454 was selected by sequencing due to its abnormal high expression in HPV16 E6/E7 positive CaSki cell compared with HPV16 E6/E7 negative C33A cell. Overexpression of miR-4454 enhances cervical cancer cell invasion and migration. ABHD2 and NUDT21 are identified as a target gene of miR-4454.The effects of ABHD2 and NUDT21 on migration and invasion of CaSki and C33A cells were determined. The dual luciferase and RT-qPCR assays confirmed that miR-4454 might regulate its targets ABHD2 and NUDT21 to promote the proliferation, invasion and migration, whereas, inhibit the apoptosis in CaSki and C33A cells.
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7
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Comparative Analysis of Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Calcium Transients in Proliferating and Differentiating Human Midbrain-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9605432. [PMID: 29201062 PMCID: PMC5671755 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9605432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous cytosolic calcium transients and oscillations have been reported in various tissues of nonhuman and human origin but not in human midbrain-derived stem cells. Using confocal microfluorimetry, we studied spontaneous calcium transients and calcium-regulating mechanisms in a human ventral mesencephalic stem cell line undergoing proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Spontaneous calcium transients were detected in a large fraction of both proliferating (>50%) and differentiating (>55%) cells. We provide evidence for the existence of intracellular calcium stores that respond to muscarinic activation of the cells, having sensitivity for ryanodine and thapsigargin possibly reflecting IP3 receptor activity and the presence of ryanodine receptors and calcium ATPase pumps. The observed calcium transient activity potentially supports the existence of a sodium-calcium antiporter and the existence of calcium influx induced by depletion of calcium stores. We conclude that the cells have developed the most important mechanisms governing cytosolic calcium homeostasis. This is the first comparative report of spontaneous calcium transients in proliferating and differentiating human midbrain-derived stem cells that provides evidence for the mechanisms that are likely to be involved. We propose that the observed spontaneous calcium transients may contribute to mechanisms involved in cell proliferation, phenotypic differentiation, and general cell maturation.
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8
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Park MG, Jang H, Lee SH, Lee CJ. Flow Shear Stress Enhances the Proliferative Potential of Cultured Radial Glial Cells Possibly Via an Activation of Mechanosensitive Calcium Channel. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:71-81. [PMID: 28442943 PMCID: PMC5403909 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.2.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radial glial cells (RGCs) which function as neural stem cells are known to be non-excitable and their proliferation depends on the intracellular calcium (Ca2+) level. It has been well established that Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca2+ release and Ca2+ entry through various Ca2+ channels are involved in the proliferation of RGCs. Furthermore, RGCs line the ventricular wall and are exposed to a shear stress due to a physical contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, little is known about how the Ca2+ entry through mechanosensitive ion channels affects the proliferation of RGCs. Hence, we hypothesized that shear stress due to a flow of CSF boosts the proliferative potential of RGCs possibly via an activation of mechanosensitive Ca2+ channel during the embryonic brain development. Here, we developed a new microfluidic two-dimensional culture system to establish a link between the flow shear stress and the proliferative activity of cultured RGCs. Using this microfluidic device, we successfully visualized the artificial CSF and RGCs in direct contact and found a significant enhancement of proliferative capacity of RGCs in response to increased shear stress. To determine if there are any mechanosensitive ion channels involved, a mechanical stimulation by poking was given to individual RGCs. We found that a poking on radial glial cell induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ level, which disappeared under the extracellular Ca2+-free condition. Our results suggest that the shear stress by CSF flow possibly activates mechanosensitive Ca2+ channels, which gives rise to a Ca2+ entry which enhances the proliferative capacity of RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gu Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.,Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Heeyeong Jang
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.,Center for Neuroscience and Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.,Center for Glia-Neuron Interaction, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
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9
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In silico analyses and global transcriptional profiling reveal novel putative targets for Pea3 transcription factor related to its function in neurons. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170585. [PMID: 28158215 PMCID: PMC5291419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pea3 transcription factor belongs to the PEA3 subfamily within the ETS domain transcription factor superfamily, and has been largely studied in relation to its role in breast cancer metastasis. Nonetheless, Pea3 plays a role not only in breast tumor, but also in other tissues with branching morphogenesis, including kidneys, blood vasculature, bronchi and the developing nervous system. Identification of Pea3 target promoters in these systems are important for a thorough understanding of how Pea3 functions. Present study particularly focuses on the identification of novel neuronal targets of Pea3 in a combinatorial approach, through curation, computational analysis and microarray studies in a neuronal model system, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We not only show that quite a number of genes in cancer, immune system and cell cycle pathways, among many others, are either up- or down-regulated by Pea3, but also identify novel targets including ephrins and ephrin receptors, semaphorins, cell adhesion molecules, as well as metalloproteases such as kallikreins, to be among potential target promoters in neuronal systems. Our overall results indicate that rather than early stages of neurite extension and axonal guidance, Pea3 is more involved in target identification and synaptic maturation.
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10
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Karunasena E, Mciver LJ, Bavarva JH, Wu X, Zhu H, Garner HR. 'Cut from the same cloth': Shared microsatellite variants among cancers link to ectodermal tissues-neural tube and crest cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22038-47. [PMID: 26246470 PMCID: PMC4673144 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotent cells of the embryonic ectodermal tissues are known to be a precursor for multiple tumor types. The adaptability of these cells is a trait exploited by cancer. We previously described cancer-associated microsatellite loci (CAML) shared between glioblastoma (GBM) and lower-grade gliomas. Therefore, we hypothesized that these variants, identified from germline DNA, are shared by cancers from tissues originating from ectodermal tissues: neural tube cells (NTC) and crest cells (NCC). Using exome sequencing data from four cancers with origins to NTC and NCC, a ‘signature’ of loci significant to each cancer (p-value ≤ 0.01) was created and compared with previously identified CAML from breast cancer. The results of this analysis show that variant loci among the cancers with tissue origins from NTC/NCC were closely linked. Signaling pathways linked to genes with non-coding CAML genotypes revealed enriched connections to hereditary, neurological, and developmental disease or disorders. Thus, variants in genes from tissues initiating from NTC/NCC, if recurrently detected, may indicate a common etiology. Additionally, CAML genotypes from non-tumor DNA may predict cancer phenotypes and are common to shared embryonic tissues of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enusha Karunasena
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Medical Informatics and Systems Division, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Lauren J Mciver
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Medical Informatics and Systems Division, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Jasmin H Bavarva
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Medical Informatics and Systems Division, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hongxiao Zhu
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Harold R Garner
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Medical Informatics and Systems Division, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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11
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Toth AB, Shum AK, Prakriya M. Regulation of neurogenesis by calcium signaling. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:124-34. [PMID: 27020657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling has essential roles in the development of the nervous system from neural induction to the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural cells. Ca(2+) signaling pathways are shaped by interactions among metabotropic signaling cascades, intracellular Ca(2+) stores, ion channels, and a multitude of downstream effector proteins that activate specific genetic programs. The temporal and spatial dynamics of Ca(2+) signals are widely presumed to control the highly diverse yet specific genetic programs that establish the complex structures of the adult nervous system. Progress in the last two decades has led to significant advances in our understanding of the functional architecture of Ca(2+) signaling networks involved in neurogenesis. In this review, we assess the literature on the molecular and functional organization of Ca(2+) signaling networks in the developing nervous system and its impact on neural induction, gene expression, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Particular emphasis is placed on the growing evidence for the involvement of store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Andrew K Shum
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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12
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Driver AM, Kratz LE, Kelley RI, Stottmann RW. Altered cholesterol biosynthesis causes precocious neurogenesis in the developing mouse forebrain. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:69-82. [PMID: 26921468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a mutation in the cholesterol biosynthesis gene, hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 7 (Hsd17b7(rudolph)), that results in striking embryonic forebrain dysgenesis. Here we describe abnormal patterns of neuroprogenitor proliferation in the mutant forebrain, namely, a decrease in mitotic cells within the ventricular zone (VZ) and an increase through the remainder of the cortex by E11.5. Further evidence suggests mutant cells undergo abnormal interkinetic nuclear migration (IKNM). Furthermore, intermediate progenitors are increased at the expense of apical progenitors by E12.5, and post-mitotic neurons are expanded by E14.5. In vitro primary neuron culture further supports our model of accelerated cortical differentiation in the mutant. Combined administration of a statin and dietary cholesterol in utero achieved partial reversal of multiple developmental abnormalities in the Hsd17b7(rudolph) embryo, including the forebrain. These results suggest that abnormally increased levels of specific cholesterol precursors in the Hsd17b7(rudolph) embryo cause cortical dysgenesis by altering patterns of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Driver
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lisa E Kratz
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard I Kelley
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Bax modulates neuronal survival while p53 is unaltered after Cytochrome C induced oxidative stress in the adult olfactory bulb in vivo. Ann Neurosci 2015; 22:19-25. [PMID: 26124546 PMCID: PMC4410523 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.220105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The granule and periglomerular cells of the olfactory bulb migrate from the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) as progenitor cell forming the neuronal stream of the rostral olfactory bulb. These cells are characterized by their ability to divide while expressing adult proteins; a phenomenon attributed to the prolonged cell cycle and the regulatory activities of proteins which modulates apoptosis and proliferation in the developing nervous system. Of interest are the proteins concerned with tumor suppression (p53) and cell cycle exit (Bax) and how they regulate survivability of these neurons in the adult system after an induced oxidative stress. Purpose This study sets to investigate the interplay between p53 and Bax in the adult olfactory bulb (periglomerular and granule cell layer), and how these proteins determine proliferation and neuronal survival after Cytochrome C induced-oxidative stress. Also, we demonstrate the effect of the induced-stress threshold on such regulation in vivo. Methods Adult Wistar rats were segregated into three groups. 10 and 20 mg/Kg BW of potassium cyanide (KCN) was administered to the treatment groups for 15 days while the control received normal saline for the same duration. The olfactory bulb was dissected and processed for general histology and immunohistochemistry of p53/Bax in the periglomerular and granule cell layers. Total (Histology) and immunopositive (p53 and Bax) cell count was done using Image J. Subsequently, we determined the analysis of variance with significance set at *P<0.05. Results We observed an increase in cell count for the 10 mg/KgBW treatment; this was characterized by a significant decrease in Bax expression and no change in p53 expression when this treatment group was compared to the control. However, no change was observed in the total cell count for 20 mg/Kg BW treatment for the same duration of exposure. Interestingly, there was also no significant change in Bax and p53 for this treatment when compared with the control. Conclusion Although p53 plays an important role in development of the olfactory bulb neurons, our findings suggests it has little contribution in neuronal cell viability and proliferation in the adult olfactory bulb. No significant change in p53 was observed irrespective of treatment dose and cell count while Bax expression was reduced at 10 mg/Kg BW treatment and was associated with an increased cell count. We conclude that regulation of survival of neurons in the adult olfactory bulb, following induced-oxidative stress was more dependent of the expression of Bax and the threshold of the induced stress rather than p53 expression.
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Pino-Barrio MJ, García-García E, Menéndez P, Martínez-Serrano A. V-myc immortalizes human neural stem cells in the absence of pluripotency-associated traits. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118499. [PMID: 25764185 PMCID: PMC4357445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal will foster the use of different types of stem cells in disease modeling and cell therapy strategies. Immortalization, understood as the capacity for indefinite expansion, is needed for the generation of any cell line. In the case of v-myc immortalized multipotent human Neural Stem Cells (hNSCs), we hypothesized that v-myc immortalization could induce a more de-differentiated state in v-myc hNSC lines. To test this, we investigated the expression of surface, biochemical and genetic markers of stemness and pluripotency in v-myc immortalized and control hNSCs (primary precursors, that is, neurospheres) and compared these two cell types to human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and fibroblasts. Using a Hierarchical Clustering method and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the v-myc hNSCs associated with their counterparts hNSCs (in the absence of v-myc) and displayed a differential expression pattern when compared to hESCs. Moreover, the expression analysis of pluripotency markers suggested no evidence supporting a reprogramming-like process despite the increment in telomerase expression. In conclusion, v-myc expression in hNSC lines ensures self-renewal through the activation of some genes involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties in multipotent cells but does not alter the expression of key pluripotency-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Pino-Barrio
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UAM-CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa García-García
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UAM-CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Cell Therapy Program, Facultat de Medicina, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology “Severo Ochoa” (CBMSO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UAM-CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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15
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Uhlén P, Fritz N, Smedler E, Malmersjö S, Kanatani S. Calcium signaling in neocortical development. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 75:360-8. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Nicolas Fritz
- The Science for Life Laboratory; The Royal Institute of Technology; SE-171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Erik Smedler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 77 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Seth Malmersjö
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology; School of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford California 94305
| | - Shigeaki Kanatani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institutet; SE-171 77 Stockholm Sweden
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16
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Escobedo-Avila I, Vargas-Romero F, Molina-Hernández A, López-González R, Cortés D, De Carlos JA, Velasco I. Histamine impairs midbrain dopaminergic development in vivo by activating histamine type 1 receptors. Mol Brain 2014; 7:58. [PMID: 25112718 PMCID: PMC4237960 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-014-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histamine (HA) regulates the sleep-wake cycle, synaptic plasticity and memory in adult mammals. Dopaminergic specification in the embryonic ventral midbrain (VM) coincides with increased HA brain levels. To study the effect of HA receptor stimulation on dopamine neuron generation, we administered HA to dopamine progenitors, both in vitro and in vivo. Results Cultured embryonic day 12 (E12) VM neural stem/progenitor cells expressed transcripts for HA receptors H1R, H2R and H3R. These undifferentiated progenitors increased intracellular calcium upon HA addition. In HA-treated cultures, dopamine neurons significantly decreased after activation of H1R. We performed intrauterine injections in the developing VM to investigate HA effects in vivo. HA administration to E12 rat embryos notably reduced VM Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) staining 2 days later, without affecting GABA neurons in the midbrain, or serotonin neurons in the mid-hindbrain boundary. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that several markers important for the generation and maintenance of dopaminergic lineage such as TH, Lmx1a and Lmx1b were significantly diminished. To identify the cell type susceptible to HA action, we injected embryos of different developmental stages, and found that neural progenitors (E10 and E12) were responsive, whereas differentiated dopaminergic neurons (E14 and E16) were not susceptible to HA actions. Proliferation was significantly diminished, whereas neuronal death was not increased in the VM after HA administration. We injected H1R or H2R antagonists to identify the receptor responsible for the detrimental effect of HA on dopaminergic lineage and found that activation of H1R was required. Conclusion These results reveal a novel action of HA affecting dopaminergic lineage during VM development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D,F,-04510, Mexico.
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Liang H, Xiao G, Yin H, Hippenmeyer S, Horowitz JM, Ghashghaei HT. Neural development is dependent on the function of specificity protein 2 in cell cycle progression. Development 2013; 140:552-61. [PMID: 23293287 DOI: 10.1242/dev.085621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Faithful progression through the cell cycle is crucial to the maintenance and developmental potential of stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that neural stem cells (NSCs) and intermediate neural progenitor cells (NPCs) employ a zinc-finger transcription factor specificity protein 2 (Sp2) as a cell cycle regulator in two temporally and spatially distinct progenitor domains. Differential conditional deletion of Sp2 in early embryonic cerebral cortical progenitors, and perinatal olfactory bulb progenitors disrupted transitions through G1, G2 and M phases, whereas DNA synthesis appeared intact. Cell-autonomous function of Sp2 was identified by deletion of Sp2 using mosaic analysis with double markers, which clearly established that conditional Sp2-null NSCs and NPCs are M phase arrested in vivo. Importantly, conditional deletion of Sp2 led to a decline in the generation of NPCs and neurons in the developing and postnatal brains. Our findings implicate Sp2-dependent mechanisms as novel regulators of cell cycle progression, the absence of which disrupts neurogenesis in the embryonic and postnatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixuan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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Seiz EG, Ramos-Gómez M, Courtois ET, Tønnesen J, Kokaia M, Liste Noya I, Martínez-Serrano A. Human midbrain precursors activate the expected developmental genetic program and differentiate long-term to functional A9 dopamine neurons in vitro. Enhancement by Bcl-X(L). Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2446-59. [PMID: 22884477 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular programs of the generation of human dopaminergic neurons (DAn) from their ventral mesencephalic (VM) precursors is of key importance for basic studies, progress in cell therapy, drug screening and pharmacology in the context of Parkinson's disease. The nature of human DAn precursors in vitro is poorly understood, their properties unstable, and their availability highly limited. Here we present positive evidence that human VM precursors retaining their genuine properties and long-term capacity to generate A9 type Substantia nigra human DAn (hVM1 model cell line) can be propagated in culture. During a one month differentiation, these cells activate all key genes needed to progress from pro-neural and pro-dopaminergic precursors to mature and functional DAn. For the first time, we demonstrate that gene cascades are correctly activated during differentiation, resulting in the generation of mature DAn. These DAn have morphological and functional properties undistinguishable from those generated by VM primary neuronal cultures. In addition, we have found that the forced expression of Bcl-X(L) induces an increase in the expression of key developmental genes (MSX1, NGN2), maintenance of PITX3 expression temporal profile, and also enhances genes involved in DAn long-term function, maintenance and survival (EN1, LMX1B, NURR1 and PITX3). As a result, Bcl-X(L) anticipates and enhances DAn generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Seiz
- Departmento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-C.S.I.C, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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Leclerc C, Néant I, Moreau M. The calcium: an early signal that initiates the formation of the nervous system during embryogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:3. [PMID: 22593733 PMCID: PMC3351002 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling pathways have crucial roles in development from fertilization through differentiation to organogenesis. In the nervous system, Ca(2+) signals are important regulators for various neuronal functions, including formation and maturation of neuronal circuits and long-term memory. However, Ca(2+) signals are also involved in the earliest steps of neurogenesis including neural induction, differentiation of neural progenitors into neurons, and the neuro-glial switch. This review examines when and how Ca(2+) signals are generated during each of these steps with examples taken from in vivo studies in vertebrate embryos and from in vitro assays using embryonic and neural stem cells (NSCs). During the early phases of neurogenesis few investigations have been performed to study the downstream targets of Ca(2+) which posses EF-hand in their structure. This opens an entire field of research. We also discuss the highly specific nature of the Ca(2+) signaling pathway and its interaction with the other signaling pathways involved in early neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Leclerc
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Toulouse III, CNRS UMR 5547Toulouse, France and GDRE n731, “Ca toolkit coded proteins as drug targets in animal and plant cells”
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