1
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Courjaret R, Prakriya M, Machaca K. SOCE as a regulator of neuronal activity. J Physiol 2024; 602:1449-1462. [PMID: 37029630 DOI: 10.1113/jp283826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is a ubiquitous signalling module with established roles in the immune system, secretion and muscle development. Recent evidence supports a complex role for SOCE in the nervous system. In this review we present an update of the current knowledge on SOCE function in the brain with a focus on its role as a regulator of brain activity and excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Courjaret
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Jairaman A, Prakriya M. Calcium Signaling in Airway Epithelial Cells: Current Understanding and Implications for Inflammatory Airway Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024. [PMID: 38385293 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells play an indispensable role in protecting the lung from inhaled pathogens and allergens by releasing an array of mediators that orchestrate inflammatory and immune responses when confronted with harmful environmental triggers. While this process is undoubtedly important for containing the effects of various harmful insults, dysregulation of the inflammatory response can cause lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. A key cellular mechanism that underlies the inflammatory responses in the airway is calcium signaling, which stimulates the production and release of chemokines, cytokines, and prostaglandins from the airway epithelium. In this review, we discuss the role of major Ca2+ signaling pathways found in airway epithelial cells and their roles in mediating airway inflammation, mucociliary clearance, and surfactant production. We highlight the importance of store-operated Ca2+ entry as a major signaling hub in these processes and discuss therapeutic implications of targeting Ca2+ signaling for airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Now with Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine (UCI) (A.J.)
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3
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Elbaz B, Darwish A, Vardy M, Isaac S, Tokars HM, Dzhashiashvili Y, Korshunov K, Prakriya M, Eden A, Popko B. The bone transcription factor Osterix controls extracellular matrix- and node of Ranvier-related gene expression in oligodendrocytes. Neuron 2024; 112:247-263.e6. [PMID: 37924811 PMCID: PMC10843489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the primary producers of many extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins found in the CNS. Therefore, oligodendrocytes play a critical role in the determination of brain stiffness, node of Ranvier formation, perinodal ECM deposition, and perineuronal net formation, all of which depend on the ECM. Nevertheless, the transcription factors that control ECM-related gene expression in oligodendrocytes remain unknown. Here, we found that the transcription factor Osterix (also known as Sp7) binds in proximity to genes important for CNS ECM and node of Ranvier formation and mediates their expression. Oligodendrocyte-specific ablation of Sp7 changes ECM composition and brain stiffness and results in aberrant node of Ranvier formation. Sp7 is known to control osteoblast maturation and bone formation. Our comparative analyses suggest that Sp7 plays a conserved biological role in oligodendrocytes and in bone-forming cells, where it mediates brain and bone tissue stiffness by controlling expression of ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benayahu Elbaz
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alaa Darwish
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maia Vardy
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara Isaac
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haley Margaret Tokars
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yulia Dzhashiashvili
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirill Korshunov
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amir Eden
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Novakovic MM, Korshunov KS, Grant RA, Martin ME, Valencia HA, Budinger GRS, Radulovic J, Prakriya M. Astrocyte reactivity and inflammation-induced depression-like behaviors are regulated by Orai1 calcium channels. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5500. [PMID: 37679321 PMCID: PMC10485021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40968-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes contribute to brain inflammation in neurological disorders but the molecular mechanisms controlling astrocyte reactivity and their relationship to neuroinflammatory endpoints are complex and poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the role of the calcium channel, Orai1, for astrocyte reactivity and inflammation-evoked depression behaviors in mice. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis indicated that deletion of Orai1 in astrocytes downregulates genes in inflammation and immunity, metabolism, and cell cycle pathways, and reduces cellular metabolites and ATP production. Systemic inflammation by peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increases hippocampal inflammatory markers in WT but not in astrocyte Orai1 knockout mice. Loss of Orai1 also blunts inflammation-induced astrocyte Ca2+ signaling and inhibitory neurotransmission in the hippocampus. In line with these cellular changes, Orai1 knockout mice showed amelioration of LPS-evoked depression-like behaviors including anhedonia and helplessness. These findings identify Orai1 as an important signaling hub controlling astrocyte reactivity and astrocyte-mediated brain inflammation that is commonly observed in many neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela M Novakovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Kirill S Korshunov
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rogan A Grant
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Megan E Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hiam A Valencia
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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5
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Shum A, Zaichick S, McElroy G, D’Alessandro K, Alasady M, Novakovic M, Peng W, Grebenik E, Chung D, Flanagan M, Smith R, Morales A, Stumpf L, McGrath K, Krainc D, Mendillo M, Prakriya M, Chandel N, Caraveo G. Octopamine metabolically reprograms astrocytes to confer neuroprotection against α-synuclein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217396120. [PMID: 37068235 PMCID: PMC10151466 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217396120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Octopamine is a well-established invertebrate neurotransmitter involved in fight or flight responses. In mammals, its function was replaced by epinephrine. Nevertheless, it is present at trace amounts and can modulate the release of monoamine neurotransmitters by a yet unidentified mechanism. Here, through a multidisciplinary approach utilizing in vitro and in vivo models of α-synucleinopathy, we uncovered an unprecedented role for octopamine in driving the conversion from toxic to neuroprotective astrocytes in the cerebral cortex by fostering aerobic glycolysis. Physiological levels of neuron-derived octopamine act on astrocytes via a trace amine-associated receptor 1-Orai1-Ca2+-calcineurin-mediated signaling pathway to stimulate lactate secretion. Lactate uptake in neurons via the monocarboxylase transporter 2-calcineurin-dependent pathway increases ATP and prevents neurodegeneration. Pathological increases of octopamine caused by α-synuclein halt lactate production in astrocytes and short-circuits the metabolic communication to neurons. Our work provides a unique function of octopamine as a modulator of astrocyte metabolism and subsequent neuroprotection with implications to α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Shum
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Sofia Zaichick
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Gregory S. McElroy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Karis D’Alessandro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Milad J. Alasady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Michaela Novakovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, ChicagoIL60611
| | - Wesley Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Ekaterina A. Grebenik
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Daayun Chung
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Margaret E. Flanagan
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, ChicagoIL60611
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Northwestern University Fienberg School of Medicine, ChicagoIL60611
| | - Roger Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Alejandro Morales
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Laetitia Stumpf
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Kaitlyn McGrath
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Marc L. Mendillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, ChicagoIL60611
| | - Navdeep S. Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Gabriela Caraveo
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
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6
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Yeung PSW, Yamashita M, Prakriya M. A pathogenic human Orai1 mutation unmasks STIM1-independent rapid inactivation of Orai1 channels. eLife 2023; 12:82281. [PMID: 36806330 PMCID: PMC9991058 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels are activated by direct physical interactions between Orai1, the channel protein, and STIM1, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor. A hallmark of CRAC channels is fast Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) which provides negative feedback to limit Ca2+ entry through CRAC channels. Although STIM1 is thought to be essential for CDI, its molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we examined a poorly understood gain-of-function (GOF) human Orai1 disease mutation, L138F, that causes tubular aggregate myopathy. Through pairwise mutational analysis, we determine that large amino acid substitutions at either L138 or the neighboring T92 locus located on the pore helix evoke highly Ca2+-selective currents in the absence of STIM1. We find that the GOF phenotype of the L138 pathogenic mutation arises due to steric clash between L138 and T92. Surprisingly, strongly activating L138 and T92 mutations showed CDI in the absence of STIM1, contradicting prevailing views that STIM1 is required for CDI. CDI of constitutively open T92W and L138F mutants showed enhanced intracellular Ca2+ sensitivity, which was normalized by re-adding STIM1 to the cells. Truncation of the Orai1 C-terminus reduced T92W CDI, indicating a key role for the Orai1 C-terminus for CDI. Overall, these results identify the molecular basis of a disease phenotype with broad implications for activation and inactivation of Orai1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
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7
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Tsujikawa S, DeMeulenaere KE, Centeno MV, Ghazisaeidi S, Martin ME, Tapies MR, Maneshi MM, Yamashita M, Stauderman KA, Apkarian AV, Salter MW, Prakriya M. Regulation of neuropathic pain by microglial Orai1 channels. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade7002. [PMID: 36706180 PMCID: PMC9883051 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are important mediators of neuroinflammation, which underlies neuropathic pain. However, the molecular checkpoints controlling microglial reactivity are not well-understood. Here, we investigated the role of Orai1 channels for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation following nerve injury and find that deletion of Orai1 in microglia attenuates Ca2+ signaling and the production of inflammatory cytokines by proalgesic agonists. Conditional deletion of Orai1 attenuated microglial proliferation in the dorsal horn, spinal cytokine levels, and potentiation of excitatory neurotransmission following peripheral nerve injury. These cellular effects were accompanied by mitigation of pain hyperalgesia in microglial Orai1 knockout mice. A small-molecule Orai1 inhibitor, CM4620, similarly mitigated allodynia in male mice. Unexpectedly, these protective effects were not seen in female mice, revealing sexual dimorphism in Orai1 regulation of microglial reactivity and hyperalgesia. Together, these findings indicate that Orai1 channels are key regulators of the sexually dimorphic role of microglia for the neuroinflammation that underlies neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Tsujikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kaitlyn E. DeMeulenaere
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Maria V. Centeno
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Megan E. Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martinna R. Tapies
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mohammad M. Maneshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Apkar V. Apkarian
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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8
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Letizia M, Wang YH, Kaufmann U, Gerbeth L, Sand A, Brunkhorst M, Weidner P, Ziegler JF, Böttcher C, Schlickeiser S, Fernández C, Yamashita M, Stauderman K, Sun K, Kunkel D, Prakriya M, Sanders AD, Siegmund B, Feske S, Weidinger C. Store-operated calcium entry controls innate and adaptive immune cell function in inflammatory bowel disease. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15687. [PMID: 35919953 PMCID: PMC9449601 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202215687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by dysregulated intestinal immune responses. Using mass cytometry (CyTOF) to analyze the immune cell composition in the lamina propria (LP) of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), we observed an enrichment of CD4+ effector T cells producing IL‐17A and TNF, CD8+ T cells producing IFNγ, T regulatory (Treg) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILC). The function of these immune cells is regulated by store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), which results from the opening of Ca2+ release‐activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels formed by ORAI and STIM proteins. We observed that the pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines including IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐17A, TNF, and IFNγ by human colonic T cells and ILCs, reduced the production of IL‐6 by B cells and the production of IFNγ by myeloid cells, but had no effect on the viability, differentiation, and function of intestinal epithelial cells. T cell‐specific deletion of CRAC channel genes in mice showed that Orai1, Stim1, and Stim2‐deficient T cells have quantitatively distinct defects in SOCE, which correlate with gradually more pronounced impairment of cytokine production by Th1 and Th17 cells and the severity of IBD. Moreover, the pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE with a selective CRAC channel inhibitor attenuated IBD severity and colitogenic T cell function in mice. Our data indicate that SOCE inhibition may be a suitable new approach for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Letizia
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yin-Hu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Gerbeth
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annegret Sand
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Brunkhorst
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Weidner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Single Cell Approaches for Personalized Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Felix Ziegler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, A Cooperation of Charité and MDC, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camila Fernández
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, A Cooperation of Charité and MDC, Berlin, Germany
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Katherine Sun
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Désirée Kunkel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Berlin, Germany
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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- TRR 241 Research Initiative, Berlin-Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashley D Sanders
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Single Cell Approaches for Personalized Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Shrestha N, Hye-Ryong Shim A, Maneshi MM, See-Wai Yeung P, Yamashita M, Prakriya M. Mapping interactions between the CRAC activation domain and CC1 regulating the activity of the ER Ca 2+ sensor STIM1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102157. [PMID: 35724962 PMCID: PMC9304783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a widely expressed protein that functions as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor and activator of Orai1 channels. In resting cells with replete Ca2+ stores, an inhibitory clamp formed by the coiled-coil 1 (CC1) domain interacting with the CRAC-activation domain (CAD) of STIM1 helps keep STIM1 in a quiescent state. Following depletion of ER Ca2+ stores, the brake is released, allowing CAD to extend away from the ER membrane and enabling it to activate Orai1 channels. However, the molecular determinants of CC1-CAD interactions that enforce the inhibitory clamp are incompletely understood. Here, we performed Ala mutagenesis in conjunction with live-cell FRET analysis to examine residues in CC1 and CAD that regulate the inhibitory clamp. Our results indicate that in addition to previously identified hotspots in CC1⍺1 and CC3, several hydrophobic residues in CC2 and the apex region of CAD are critical for CC1-CAD interactions. Mutations in these residues loosen the CC1-CAD inhibitory clamp to release CAD from CC1 in cells with replete Ca2+ stores. By contrast, altering the hydrophobic residues L265 and L273 strengthens the clamp to prevent STIM1 activation. Inclusion of the inactivation domain of STIM1 helps stabilize CC1-CAD interaction in several mutants to prevent spontaneous STIM1 activation. In addition, R426C, a human disease-linked mutation in CC3, affects the clamp but also impairs Orai1 binding to inhibit CRAC channel activation. These results identify the CC2, apex, and inactivation domain regions of STIM1 as important determinants of STIM1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ann Hye-Ryong Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Maneshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Priscilla See-Wai Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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10
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Godsel L, Koetsier J, Harmon R, Hegazy M, Huffine A, McCullough C, Svoboda S, Luass L, Prakriya M, Perez White B, Green K. 406 Modulation of calcium channel activity in Darier’s disease keratinocytes improves disease phenotypes. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Kountz TS, Biyasheva A, Schleimer RP, Prakriya M. Extracellular Nucleotides and Histamine Suppress TLR3- and RIG-I-Mediated Release of Antiviral IFNs from Human Airway Epithelial Cells. J Immunol 2022; 208:2390-2402. [PMID: 35459743 PMCID: PMC9444327 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses stimulate the release of antiviral IFNs from the airway epithelium. Previous studies have shown that asthmatic patients show diminished release of type I and type III IFNs from bronchial epithelia. However, the mechanism of this suppression is not understood. In this study, we report that extracellular nucleotides and histamine, which are elevated in asthmatic airways, strongly inhibit release of type I and type III IFNs from human bronchial airway epithelial cells (AECs). Specifically, ATP, UTP, and histamine all inhibited the release of type I and type III IFNs from AECs induced by activation of TLR3, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), or cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-STING. This inhibition was at least partly mediated by Gq signaling through purinergic P2Y2 and H1 receptors, but it did not involve store-operated calcium entry. Pharmacological blockade of protein kinase C partially reversed inhibition of IFN production. Conversely, direct activation of protein kinase C with phorbol esters strongly inhibited TLR3- and RIG-I-mediated IFN production. Inhibition of type I and type III IFNs by ATP, UTP, histamine, and the proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) receptor agonist SLIGKV also occurred in differentiated AECs grown at an air-liquid interface, indicating that the suppression is conserved following mucociliary differentiation. Importantly, histamine and, more strikingly, ATP inhibited type I IFN release from human airway cells infected with live influenza A virus or rhinovirus 1B. These results reveal an important role for extracellular nucleotides and histamine in attenuating the induction of type I and III IFNs from AECs and help explain the molecular basis of the suppression of IFN responses in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and
| | - Assel Biyasheva
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL; and
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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12
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Erdogmus S, Concepcion AR, Yamashita M, Sidhu I, Tao AY, Li W, Rocha PP, Huang B, Garippa R, Lee B, Lee A, Hell JW, Lewis RS, Prakriya M, Feske S. Cavβ1 regulates T cell expansion and apoptosis independently of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel function. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2033. [PMID: 35440113 PMCID: PMC9018955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TCR stimulation triggers Ca2+ signals that are critical for T cell function and immunity. Several pore-forming α and auxiliary β subunits of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) were reported in T cells, but their mechanism of activation remains elusive and their contribution to Ca2+ signaling in T cells is controversial. We here identify CaVβ1, encoded by Cacnb1, as a regulator of T cell function. Cacnb1 deletion enhances apoptosis and impairs the clonal expansion of T cells after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. By contrast, Cacnb1 is dispensable for T cell proliferation, cytokine production and Ca2+ signaling. Using patch clamp electrophysiology and Ca2+ recordings, we are unable to detect voltage-gated Ca2+ currents or Ca2+ influx in human and mouse T cells upon depolarization with or without prior TCR stimulation. mRNAs of several VGCC α1 subunits are detectable in human (CaV3.3, CaV3.2) and mouse (CaV2.1) T cells, but they lack transcription of many 5' exons, likely resulting in N-terminally truncated and non-functional proteins. Our findings demonstrate that although CaVβ1 regulates T cell function, these effects are independent of VGCC channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Erdogmus
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Axel R Concepcion
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ikjot Sidhu
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Y Tao
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenyi Li
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedro P Rocha
- Unit on Genome Structure and Regulation, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bonnie Huang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Amy Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Kountz TS, Jairaman A, Kountz CD, Stauderman KA, Schleimer RP, Prakriya M. Differential Regulation of ATP- and UTP-Evoked Prostaglandin E 2 and IL-6 Production from Human Airway Epithelial Cells. J Immunol 2021; 207:1275-1287. [PMID: 34389624 PMCID: PMC8816324 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelial cells (AECs) lining the conducting passageways of the lung secrete a variety of immunomodulatory factors. Among these, PGE2 limits lung inflammation and promotes bronchodilation. By contrast, IL-6 drives intense airway inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis. The signaling that differentiates the production of these opposing mediators is not understood. In this study, we find that the production of PGE2 and IL-6 following stimulation of human AECs by the damage-associated molecular pattern extracellular ATP shares a common requirement for Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. ATP-mediated synthesis of PGE2 required activation of metabotropic P2Y2 receptors and CRAC channel-mediated cytosolic phospholipase A2 signaling. By contrast, ATP-evoked synthesis of IL-6 occurred via activation of ionotropic P2X receptors and CRAC channel-mediated calcineurin/NFAT signaling. In contrast to ATP, which elicited the production of both PGE2 and IL-6, the uridine nucleotide, UTP, stimulated PGE2 but not IL-6 production. These results reveal that human AECs employ unique receptor-specific signaling mechanisms with CRAC channels as a signaling nexus to regulate release of opposing immunomodulatory mediators. Collectively, our results identify P2Y2 receptors, CRAC channels, and P2X receptors as potential intervention targets for airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Amit Jairaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Candace D Kountz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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14
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Yamashita M, Prakriya M. Interrogating permeation and gating of Orai channels using chemical modification of cysteine residues. Methods Enzymol 2021; 652:213-239. [PMID: 34059283 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of ion channels using the substituted cysteine accessibility method has a rich and successful history in elucidating the structural basis of ion channel function. In this approach, cysteine residues are introduced in regions of interest into the protein and their accessibility to water soluble thiol-reactive reagents is determined by monitoring ion channel activity. Because a wide range of these reagents are available with differing size, charge, and membrane solubility, the physio-chemical environment of the introduced cysteine residue and therefore the protein domain of interest can be probed with great precision. The approach has been widely employed for determining the secondary structure of specific ion channel domains, the location and nature of the channel gate, and the conformational rearrangements in the channel pore that underlie the opening/closing of the pore. In this chapter, we describe the use of these and related approaches to probe the functional architecture and gating of store-operated Orai1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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15
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Prakriya M. Orai1 is in neurons: Reply to "where have all the Orais gone?". Cell Calcium 2021; 96:102389. [PMID: 33744779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States.
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16
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Maneshi MM, Toth AB, Ishii T, Hori K, Tsujikawa S, Shum AK, Shrestha N, Yamashita M, Miller RJ, Radulovic J, Swanson GT, Prakriya M. Orai1 channels are essential for amplification of glutamate-evoked Ca2+ signals in dendritic spines to regulate working and associative memory. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108911. [PMID: 33789093 PMCID: PMC8112297 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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18
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Abstract
Store-operated Orai channels are a primary mechanism for mobilizing Ca2+ signals in both non-excitable cells and excitable cells. The structure of the open channel, vital for understanding the mechanism of channel opening, is incompletely understood. We highlight a new study that unveils the structure of a constitutively active Orai mutant and takes us closer towards understanding the molecular basis of Orai channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States.
| | - Priscilla See-Wai Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
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19
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Yamashita M, Ing CE, Yeung PSW, Maneshi MM, Pomès R, Prakriya M. The basic residues in the Orai1 channel inner pore promote opening of the outer hydrophobic gate. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:132615. [PMID: 31816637 PMCID: PMC7034092 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CRAC channels contain a cluster of positively charged residues in the inner pore whose function is not understood. Here, we show that these positive charges promote pore opening by enhancing hydration of the hydrophobic gate located at the outer end of the pore. Store-operated Orai1 channels regulate a wide range of cellular functions from gene expression to cell proliferation. Previous studies have shown that gating of Orai1 channels is regulated by the outer pore residues V102 and F99, which together function as a hydrophobic gate to block ion conduction in resting channels. Opening of this gate occurs through a conformational change that moves F99 away from the permeation pathway, leading to pore hydration and ion conduction. In addition to this outer hydrophobic gate, several studies have postulated the presence of an inner gate formed by the basic residues R91, K87, and R83 in the inner pore. These positively charged residues were suggested to block ion conduction in closed channels via mechanisms involving either electrostatic repulsion or steric occlusion by a bound anion plug. However, in contrast to this model, here we find that neutralization of the basic residues dose-dependently abolishes both STIM1-mediated and STIM1-independent activation of Orai1 channels. Molecular dynamics simulations show that loss of the basic residues dehydrates the pore around the hydrophobic gate and stabilizes the pore in a closed configuration. Likewise, the severe combined immunodeficiency mutation, Orai1 R91W, closes the channel by dewetting the hydrophobic stretch of the pore and stabilizing F99 in a pore-facing configuration. Loss of STIM1-gating in R91W and in the other basic residue mutants is rescued by a V102A mutation, which restores pore hydration at the hydrophobic gate to repermit ion conduction. These results indicate that the inner pore basic residues facilitate opening of the principal outer hydrophobic gate through a long-range effect involving hydration of the outer pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christopher E Ing
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Priscilla See-Wai Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Mohammad M Maneshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Régis Pomès
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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20
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Maneshi MM, Toth AB, Ishii T, Hori K, Tsujikawa S, Shum AK, Shrestha N, Yamashita M, Miller RJ, Radulovic J, Swanson GT, Prakriya M. Orai1 Channels Are Essential for Amplification of Glutamate-Evoked Ca 2+ Signals in Dendritic Spines to Regulate Working and Associative Memory. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108464. [PMID: 33264616 PMCID: PMC7832685 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Orai1 calcium channels function as highly Ca2+-selective ion channels and are broadly expressed in many tissues including the central nervous system, but their contributions to cognitive processing are largely unknown. Here, we report that many measures of synaptic, cellular, and behavioral models of learning are markedly attenuated in mice lacking Orai1 in forebrain excitatory neurons. Results with focal glutamate uncaging in hippocampal neurons support an essential role of Orai1 channels in amplifying NMDA-receptor-induced dendritic Ca2+ transients that drive activity-dependent spine morphogenesis and long-term potentiation at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. Consistent with these signaling roles, mice lacking Orai1 in pyramidal neurons (but not interneurons) exhibit striking deficits in working and associative memory tasks. These findings identify Orai1 channels as essential regulators of dendritic spine Ca2+ signaling, synaptic plasticity, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Maneshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Anna B Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kotaro Hori
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shogo Tsujikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew K Shum
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nisha Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Richard J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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21
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Yeung PSW, Ing CE, Yamashita M, Pomès R, Prakriya M. A sulfur-aromatic gate latch is essential for opening of the Orai1 channel pore. eLife 2020; 9:60751. [PMID: 33124982 PMCID: PMC7679135 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur-aromatic interactions occur in the majority of protein structures, yet little is known about their functional roles in ion channels. Here, we describe a novel molecular motif, the M101 gate latch, which is essential for gating of human Orai1 channels via its sulfur-aromatic interactions with the F99 hydrophobic gate. Molecular dynamics simulations of different Orai variants reveal that the gate latch is mostly engaged in open but not closed channels. In experimental studies, we use metal-ion bridges to show that promoting an M101-F99 bond directly activates Orai1, whereas disrupting this interaction triggers channel closure. Mutational analysis demonstrates that the methionine residue at this position has a unique combination of length, flexibility, and chemistry to act as an effective latch for the phenylalanine gate. Because sulfur-aromatic interactions provide additional stabilization compared to purely hydrophobic interactions, we infer that the six M101-F99 pairs in the hexameric channel provide a substantial energetic contribution to Orai1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla S-W Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Christopher E Ing
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Régis Pomès
- Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
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22
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Hori K, Tsujikawa S, Novakovic MM, Yamashita M, Prakriya M. Regulation of chemoconvulsant-induced seizures by store-operated Orai1 channels. J Physiol 2020; 598:5391-5409. [PMID: 32851638 DOI: 10.1113/jp280119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Temporal lobe epilepsy is a complex neurological disease caused by imbalance of excitation and inhibition in the brain. Growing literature implicates altered Ca2+ signalling in many aspects of epilepsy but the diversity of Ca2+ channels that regulate this syndrome are not well-understood. Here, we report that mice lacking the store-operated Ca2+ channel, Orai1, in the brain show markedly stronger seizures in response to the chemoconvulsants, kainic acid and pilocarpine. Electrophysiological analysis reveals that selective deletion of Orai1 channels in inhibitory neurons disables chemoconvulsant-induced excitation of GABAergic neurons in the CA1 hippocampus. Likewise, deletion of Orai1 in GABAergic neurons abrogates the chemoconvulsant-induced burst of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) on CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus. This loss of chemoconvulsant inhibition likely aggravates status epilepticus in Orai1 KO mice. These results identify Orai1 channels as regulators of hippocampal interneuron excitability and seizures. ABSTRACT Store-operated Orai1 channels are a major mechanism for Ca2+ entry in many cells and mediate numerous functions including gene expression, cytokine production and gliotransmitter release. Orai1 is expressed in many regions of the mammalian brain; however, its role in regulating neuronal excitability, synaptic function and brain disorders has only now begun to be investigated. To investigate a potential role of Orai1 channels in status epilepticus induced by chemoconvulsants, we examined acute seizures evoked by intraperitoneal injections of kainic acid (KA) and pilocarpine in mice with a conditional deletion of Orai1 (or its activator STIM1) in the brain. Brain-specific Orai1 and STIM1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited significantly stronger seizures (P = 0.00003 and P < 0.00001), and higher chemoconvulsant-induced mortality (P = 0.02) compared with wildtype (WT) littermates. Electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal brain slices revealed that KA stimulated the activity of inhibitory interneurons in the CA1 hippocampus (P = 0.04) which failed to occur in Orai1 KO mice. Further, KA and pilocarpine increased the frequency of spontaneous IPSCs in CA1 pyramidal neurons >twofold (KA: P = 0.04; pilocarpine: P = 0.0002) which was abolished in Orai1 KO mice. Mice with selective deletion of Orai1 in GABAergic neurons alone also showed stronger seizures to KA (P = 0.001) and pilocarpine (P < 0.00001) and loss of chemoconvulsant-induced increases in sIPSC responses compared with WT controls. We conclude that Orai1 channels regulate chemoconvulsant-induced excitation in GABAergic neurons and that destabilization of the excitatory/inhibitory balance in Orai1 KO mice aggravates chemoconvulsant-mediated seizures. These results identify Orai1 channels as novel molecular regulators of hippocampal neuronal excitability and seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Hori
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shogo Tsujikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michaela M Novakovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Yeung PSW, Prakriya M. MCU meets cardiolipin: Calcium and disease follow form. Cell Calcium 2020; 92:102287. [PMID: 32932145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a cone-shaped lipid found nearly exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane of animal cells. Disruption of CL synthesis leads to abnormalities in mitochondrial shape and function, but the underlying causes are incompletely understood. We highlight a new study that reveals that the activity of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is regulated by CL, advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of CL-linked human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla See-Wai Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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24
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Toth AB, Hori K, Novakovic MM, Bernstein NG, Lambot L, Prakriya M. CRAC channels regulate astrocyte Ca 2+ signaling and gliotransmitter release to modulate hippocampal GABAergic transmission. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/582/eaaw5450. [PMID: 31113852 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw5450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the major glial subtype in the brain and mediate numerous functions ranging from metabolic support to gliotransmitter release through signaling mechanisms controlled by Ca2+ Despite intense interest, the Ca2+ influx pathways in astrocytes remain obscure, hindering mechanistic insights into how Ca2+ signaling is coupled to downstream astrocyte-mediated effector functions. Here, we identified store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels encoded by Orai1 and STIM1 as a major route of Ca2+ entry for driving sustained and oscillatory Ca2+ signals in astrocytes after stimulation of metabotropic purinergic and protease-activated receptors. Using synaptopHluorin as an optical reporter, we showed that the opening of astrocyte CRAC channels stimulated vesicular exocytosis to mediate the release of gliotransmitters, including ATP. Furthermore, slice electrophysiological recordings showed that activation of astrocytes by protease-activated receptors stimulated interneurons in the CA1 hippocampus to increase inhibitory postsynaptic currents on CA1 pyramidal cells. These results reveal a central role for CRAC channels as regulators of astrocyte Ca2+ signaling, gliotransmitter release, and astrocyte-mediated tonic inhibition of CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kotaro Hori
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michaela M Novakovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Natalie G Bernstein
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laurie Lambot
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Yeung PSW, Yamashita M, Prakriya M. Molecular basis of allosteric Orai1 channel activation by STIM1. J Physiol 2019; 598:1707-1723. [PMID: 30950063 DOI: 10.1113/jp276550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry through Orai1 channels is a primary mechanism for Ca2+ entry in many cells and mediates numerous cellular effector functions ranging from gene transcription to exocytosis. Orai1 channels are amongst the most Ca2+ -selective channels known and are activated by direct physical interactions with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in response to store depletion triggered by stimulation of a variety of cell surface G-protein coupled and tyrosine kinase receptors. Work in the last decade has revealed that the Orai1 gating process is highly cooperative and strongly allosteric, likely driven by a wave of interdependent conformational changes throughout the protein originating in the peripheral C-terminal ligand binding site and culminating in pore opening. In this review, we survey the structural and molecular features in Orai1 that contribute to channel gating and consider how they give rise to the unique biophysical fingerprint of Orai1 currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla See-Wai Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Soberanes S, Misharin AV, Jairaman A, Morales-Nebreda L, McQuattie-Pimentel AC, Cho T, Hamanaka RB, Meliton AY, Reyfman PA, Walter JM, Chen CI, Chi M, Chiu S, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Antalek M, Abdala-Valencia H, Chiarella SE, Sun KA, Woods PS, Ghio AJ, Jain M, Perlman H, Ridge KM, Morimoto RI, Sznajder JI, Balch WE, Bhorade SM, Bharat A, Prakriya M, Chandel NS, Mutlu GM, Budinger GS. Metformin Targets Mitochondrial Electron Transport to Reduce Air-Pollution-Induced Thrombosis. Cell Metab 2019; 29:503. [PMID: 30726761 PMCID: PMC6377562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Soberanes S, Misharin AV, Jairaman A, Morales-Nebreda L, McQuattie-Pimentel AC, Cho T, Hamanaka RB, Meliton AY, Reyfman PA, Walter JM, Chen CI, Chi M, Chiu S, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Antalek M, Abdala-Valencia H, Chiarella SE, Sun KA, Woods PS, Ghio AJ, Jain M, Perlman H, Ridge KM, Morimoto RI, Sznajder JI, Balch WE, Bhorade SM, Bharat A, Prakriya M, Chandel NS, Mutlu GM, Budinger GRS. Metformin Targets Mitochondrial Electron Transport to Reduce Air-Pollution-Induced Thrombosis. Cell Metab 2019; 29:335-347.e5. [PMID: 30318339 PMCID: PMC6365216 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Urban particulate matter air pollution induces the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) from alveolar macrophages, resulting in an increase in thrombosis. Here, we report that metformin provides protection in this murine model. Treatment of mice with metformin or exposure of murine or human alveolar macrophages to metformin prevented the particulate matter-induced generation of complex III mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which were necessary for the opening of calcium release-activated channels (CRAC) and release of IL-6. Targeted genetic deletion of electron transport or CRAC channels in alveolar macrophages in mice prevented particulate matter-induced acceleration of arterial thrombosis. These findings suggest metformin as a potential therapy to prevent some of the premature deaths attributable to air pollution exposure worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Soberanes
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amit Jairaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Luisa Morales-Nebreda
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexandra C McQuattie-Pimentel
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Takugo Cho
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC6026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Robert B Hamanaka
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC6026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Angelo Y Meliton
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC6026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Paul A Reyfman
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - James M Walter
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ching-I Chen
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Monica Chi
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stephen Chiu
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Francisco J Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew Antalek
- Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sergio E Chiarella
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC6026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Parker S Woods
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC6026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew J Ghio
- United States Environmental Protections Agency, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Manu Jain
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William E Balch
- Scripps Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sangeeta M Bhorade
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ankit Bharat
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC6026, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Department of Medicine and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, 240 E Huron Street, M300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Abstract
Yeung and Prakriya highlight new research showing that STIM1 must bind to all six Orai1 subunits to effectively activate the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla See-Wai Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Yeung PSW, Yamashita M, Ing CE, Pomès R, Freymann DM, Prakriya M. Helix-Helix Contacts between the ORAI1 Pore Segment and the TM2/3 Ring Regulates STIM1-Mediated CRAC Channel Activation. Biophys J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Vaeth M, Yang J, Yamashita M, Zee I, Eckstein M, Knosp C, Kaufmann U, Karoly Jani P, Lacruz RS, Flockerzi V, Kacskovics I, Prakriya M, Feske S. ORAI2 modulates store-operated calcium entry and T cell-mediated immunity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14714. [PMID: 28294127 PMCID: PMC5355949 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels is critical for lymphocyte function and immune responses. CRAC channels are hexamers of ORAI proteins that form the channel pore, but the contributions of individual ORAI homologues to CRAC channel function are not well understood. Here we show that deletion of Orai1 reduces, whereas deletion of Orai2 increases, SOCE in mouse T cells. These distinct effects are due to the ability of ORAI2 to form heteromeric channels with ORAI1 and to attenuate CRAC channel function. The combined deletion of Orai1 and Orai2 abolishes SOCE and strongly impairs T cell function. In vivo, Orai1/Orai2 double-deficient mice have impaired T cell-dependent antiviral immune responses, and are protected from T cell-mediated autoimmunity and alloimmunity in models of colitis and graft-versus-host disease. Our study demonstrates that ORAI1 and ORAI2 form heteromeric CRAC channels, in which ORAI2 fine-tunes the magnitude of SOCE to modulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vaeth
- Experimental Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 316, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Experimental Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 316, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Isabelle Zee
- Experimental Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 316, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Miriam Eckstein
- NYU College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Camille Knosp
- Experimental Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 316, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Experimental Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 316, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- NYU College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | | | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Stefan Feske
- Experimental Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Smilow 316, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Prakriya M, Feske S. 16th FASEB Science Research Conference on Calcium and Cell Function: Calcium channels and signaling in health and disease. J Gen Physiol 2016; 148:359. [PMID: 28052187 PMCID: PMC5089937 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Stefan Feske
- Experimental Pathology Program, Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Jairaman A, Maguire CH, Schleimer RP, Prakriya M. Allergens stimulate store-operated calcium entry and cytokine production in airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32311. [PMID: 27604412 PMCID: PMC5015156 DOI: 10.1038/srep32311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant immune responses to environmental allergens including insect allergens from house dust mites and cockroaches contribute to allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma in susceptible individuals. Airway epithelial cells (AECs) play a critical role in this process by sensing the proteolytic activity of allergens via protease-activated receptors (PAR2) to initiate inflammatory and immune responses in the airway. Elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ is an important signaling event in this process, yet the fundamental mechanism by which allergens induce Ca2+ elevations in AECs remains poorly understood. Here we find that extracts from dust mite and cockroach induce sustained Ca2+ elevations in AECs through the activation of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels encoded by Orai1 and STIM1. CRAC channel activation occurs, at least in part, through allergen mediated stimulation of PAR2 receptors. The ensuing Ca2+ entry then activates NFAT/calcineurin signaling to induce transcriptional production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8. These findings highlight a key role for CRAC channels as regulators of allergen induced inflammatory responses in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Chelsea H Maguire
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, Chicago, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, IL 60611, Chicago, USA
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Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling has essential roles in the development of the nervous system from neural induction to the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural cells. Ca(2+) signaling pathways are shaped by interactions among metabotropic signaling cascades, intracellular Ca(2+) stores, ion channels, and a multitude of downstream effector proteins that activate specific genetic programs. The temporal and spatial dynamics of Ca(2+) signals are widely presumed to control the highly diverse yet specific genetic programs that establish the complex structures of the adult nervous system. Progress in the last two decades has led to significant advances in our understanding of the functional architecture of Ca(2+) signaling networks involved in neurogenesis. In this review, we assess the literature on the molecular and functional organization of Ca(2+) signaling networks in the developing nervous system and its impact on neural induction, gene expression, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Particular emphasis is placed on the growing evidence for the involvement of store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Andrew K Shum
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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Velmurugan GV, Huang H, Sun H, Candela J, Jaiswal MK, Beaman KD, Yamashita M, Prakriya M, White C. Depletion of H2S during obesity enhances store-operated Ca2+ entry in adipose tissue macrophages to increase cytokine production. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra128. [PMID: 26671149 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac7135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) contributes to chronic, low-level inflammation during obesity. We found that obesity in mice reduced the bioavailability of the gaseous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Steady-state, intracellular concentrations of H2S were lower in ATMs isolated from mice with diet-induced obesity than in ATMs from lean mice. In addition, the intracellular concentration of H2S in the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was reduced during an acute inflammatory response evoked by the microbial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Reduced intracellular concentrations of H2S led to increased Ca(2+) influx through the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) pathway, which was prevented by the exogenous H2S donor GYY4137. Furthermore, GYY4137 inhibited the Orai3 channel, a key component of the SOCE machinery. The enhanced production of proinflammatory cytokines by RAW264.7 cells and ATMs from obese mice was reduced by exogenous H2S or by inhibition of SOCE. Together, these data suggest that the depletion of macrophage H2S that occurs during acute (LPS-induced) or chronic (obesity) inflammation increases SOCE through disinhibition of Orai3 and promotes the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal V Velmurugan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Huiya Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Joseph Candela
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Carl White
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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Abstract
Store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) are a major pathway for calcium signaling in virtually all metozoan cells and serve a wide variety of functions ranging from gene expression, motility, and secretion to tissue and organ development and the immune response. SOCs are activated by the depletion of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), triggered physiologically through stimulation of a diverse set of surface receptors. Over 15 years after the first characterization of SOCs through electrophysiology, the identification of the STIM proteins as ER Ca(2+) sensors and the Orai proteins as store-operated channels has enabled rapid progress in understanding the unique mechanism of store-operate calcium entry (SOCE). Depletion of Ca(2+) from the ER causes STIM to accumulate at ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions where it traps and activates Orai channels diffusing in the closely apposed PM. Mutagenesis studies combined with recent structural insights about STIM and Orai proteins are now beginning to reveal the molecular underpinnings of these choreographic events. This review describes the major experimental advances underlying our current understanding of how ER Ca(2+) depletion is coupled to the activation of SOCs. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular mechanisms of STIM and Orai activation, Orai channel properties, modulation of STIM and Orai function, pharmacological inhibitors of SOCE, and the functions of STIM and Orai in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Richard S Lewis
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Jairaman A, Yamashita M, Schleimer RP, Prakriya M. Store-Operated Ca2+ Release-Activated Ca2+ Channels Regulate PAR2-Activated Ca2+ Signaling and Cytokine Production in Airway Epithelial Cells. J Immunol 2015; 195:2122-33. [PMID: 26238490 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and auto-immune disorders. In airway epithelial cells (AECs), stimulation of PAR2 by allergens and proteases triggers the release of a host of inflammatory mediators to regulate bronchomotor tone and immune cell recruitment. Activation of PAR2 turns on several cell signaling pathways of which the mobilization of cytosolic Ca(2+) is likely a critical but poorly understood event. In this study, we show that Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels encoded by stromal interaction molecule 1 and Orai1 are a major route of Ca(2+) entry in primary human AECs and drive the Ca(2+) elevations seen in response to PAR2 activation. Activation of CRAC channels induces the production of several key inflammatory mediators from AECs including thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-6, and PGE2, in part through stimulation of gene expression via nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Furthermore, PAR2 stimulation induces the production of many key inflammatory mediators including PGE2, IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in a CRAC channel-dependent manner. These findings indicate that CRAC channels are the primary mechanism for Ca(2+) influx in AECs and a vital checkpoint for the induction of PAR2-induced proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611; and
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Maus M, Jairaman A, Stathopulos PB, Muik M, Fahrner M, Weidinger C, Benson M, Fuchs S, Ehl S, Romanin C, Ikura M, Prakriya M, Feske S. Missense mutation in immunodeficient patients shows the multifunctional roles of coiled-coil domain 3 (CC3) in STIM1 activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6206-11. [PMID: 25918394 PMCID: PMC4434767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418852112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is a universal Ca(2+) influx pathway that is important for the function of many cell types. SOCE occurs upon depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores and relies on a complex molecular interplay between the plasma membrane (PM) Ca(2+) channel ORAI1 and the ER Ca(2+) sensor stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 1. Patients with null mutations in ORAI1 or STIM1 genes present with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-like disease. Here, we describe the molecular mechanisms by which a loss-of-function STIM1 mutation (R429C) in human patients abolishes SOCE. R429 is located in the third coiled-coil (CC3) domain of the cytoplasmic C terminus of STIM1. Mutation of R429 destabilizes the CC3 structure and alters the conformation of the STIM1 C terminus, thereby releasing a polybasic domain that promotes STIM1 recruitment to ER-PM junctions. However, the mutation also impairs cytoplasmic STIM1 oligomerization and abolishes STIM1-ORAI1 interactions. Thus, despite its constitutive localization at ER-PM junctions, mutant STIM1 fails to activate SOCE. Our results demonstrate multifunctional roles of the CC3 domain in regulating intra- and intermolecular STIM1 interactions that control (i) transition of STIM1 from a quiescent to an active conformational state, (ii) cytoplasmic STIM1 oligomerization, and (iii) STIM1-ORAI1 binding required for ORAI1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Maus
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Amit Jairaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Peter B Stathopulos
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1
| | - Martin Muik
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Marc Fahrner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Melina Benson
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Sebastian Fuchs
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Romanin
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Mitsuhiko Ikura
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016;
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Keller MJ, Lecuona E, Prakriya M, Cheng Y, Soberanes S, Budinger GRS, Sznajder JI. Calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels mediate the β(2)-adrenergic regulation of Na,K-ATPase. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:4686-93. [PMID: 25447523 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
β2-Adrenergic agonists have been shown to regulate Na,K-ATPase in the alveolar epithelium by recruiting Na,K-ATPase-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Here, we provide evidence that β2-agonists induce store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in AECs. This calcium entry is necessary for β2-agonist-induced recruitment of Na,K-ATPase to the plasma membrane of AECs. Specifically, we show that β2-agonists induce SOCE via stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)-associated calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels. We also demonstrate that the magnitude of SOCE affects the abundance of Na,K-ATPase at the plasma membrane of AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Keller
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Saul Soberanes
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Abstract
The Ca2+ selectivity of CRAC channels depends on the kinetics of ion entry and exit as well as the steady-state Ca2+ binding affinity. Prevailing models postulate that high Ca2+ selectivity of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels arises from tight Ca2+ binding to a high affinity site within the pore, thereby blocking monovalent ion flux. Here, we examined the contribution of high affinity Ca2+ binding for Ca2+ selectivity in recombinant Orai3 channels, which function as highly Ca2+-selective channels when gated by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor STIM1 or as poorly Ca2+-selective channels when activated by the small molecule 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). Extracellular Ca2+ blocked Na+ currents in both gating modes with a similar inhibition constant (Ki; ∼25 µM). Thus, equilibrium binding as set by the Ki of Ca2+ blockade cannot explain the differing Ca2+ selectivity of the two gating modes. Unlike STIM1-gated channels, Ca2+ blockade in 2-APB–gated channels depended on the extracellular Na+ concentration and exhibited an anomalously steep voltage dependence, consistent with enhanced Na+ pore occupancy. Moreover, the second-order rate constants of Ca2+ blockade were eightfold faster in 2-APB–gated channels than in STIM1-gated channels. A four-barrier, three–binding site Eyring model indicated that lowering the entry and exit energy barriers for Ca2+ and Na+ to simulate the faster rate constants of 2-APB–gated channels qualitatively reproduces their low Ca2+ selectivity, suggesting that ion entry and exit rates strongly affect Ca2+ selectivity. Noise analysis indicated that the unitary Na+ conductance of 2-APB–gated channels is fourfold larger than that of STIM1-gated channels, but both modes of gating show a high open probability (Po; ∼0.7). The increase in current noise during channel activation was consistent with stepwise recruitment of closed channels to a high Po state in both cases, suggesting that the underlying gating mechanisms are operationally similar in the two gating modes. These results suggest that both high affinity Ca2+ binding and kinetic factors contribute to high Ca2+ selectivity in CRAC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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Shim AHR, Tirado-Lee L, Prakriya M. Structural and functional mechanisms of CRAC channel regulation. J Mol Biol 2014; 427:77-93. [PMID: 25284754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In many animal cells, stimulation of cell surface receptors coupled to G proteins or tyrosine kinases mobilizes Ca(2+) influx through store-operated Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. The ensuing Ca(2+) entry regulates a wide variety of effector cell responses including transcription, motility, and proliferation. The physiological importance of CRAC channels for human health is underscored by studies indicating that mutations in CRAC channel genes produce a spectrum of devastating diseases including chronic inflammation, muscle weakness, and a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome. Moreover, from a basic science perspective, CRAC channels exhibit a unique biophysical fingerprint characterized by exquisite Ca(2+) selectivity, store-operated gating, and distinct pore properties and therefore serve as fascinating model ion channels for understanding the biophysical mechanisms of Ca(2+) selectivity and channel opening. Studies in the last two decades have revealed the cellular and molecular choreography of the CRAC channel activation process, and it is now established that opening of CRAC channels is governed through direct interactions between the pore-forming Orai proteins and the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensors STIM1 and STIM2. In this review, we summarize the functional and structural mechanisms of CRAC channel regulation, focusing on recent advances in our understanding of the conformational and structural dynamics of CRAC channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hye-Ryong Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leidamarie Tirado-Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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42
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Abstract
Calcium influx through store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channels (CRAC channels) is a well-defined mechanism of generating cellular Ca(2+) elevations that regulates many functions including gene expression, exocytosis and cell proliferation. The identifications of the ER Ca(2+) sensing proteins, STIM1-2 and the CRAC channel proteins, Orai1-3, have led to improved understanding of the physiological roles and the activation mechanism of CRAC channels. Defects in CRAC channel function are associated with serious human diseases such as immunodeficiency and auto-immunity. In this review, we discuss several pharmacological modulators of CRAC channels, focusing specifically on the molecular mechanism of drug action and their utility in illuminating the mechanism of CRAC channel operation and their physiological roles in different cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry; Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago, IL USA
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry; Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago, IL USA
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McNally BA, Somasundaram A, Jairaman A, Yamashita M, Prakriya M. The C- and N-terminal STIM1 binding sites on Orai1 are required for both trapping and gating CRAC channels. J Physiol 2013; 591:2833-50. [PMID: 23613525 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.250456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels are activated through a mechanism wherein depletion of intracellular calcium stores results in the aggregation of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor, and Orai1, the CRAC channel protein, at overlapping sites in the ER and plasma membranes (PMs). The redistribution of CRAC channels is driven through direct STIM1-Orai1 binding, an important event that not only controls gating, but also regulates Orai1 ion selectivity. Orai1 harbours two STIM1 binding sites, one each on the intracellular C- and N-termini. Previous studies have proposed modular functions for these sites, with the C-terminal site thought to regulate STIM1-Orai1 binding and trapping of Orai1 at the ER-PM junctions, and the N-terminal site mediating gating. However, here we find that a variety of mutations in the N-terminal site impair the binding of Orai1 to STIM1 and to the soluble CRAC activation domain (CAD). Gating could be restored in several N- and C-terminal point mutants by directly tethering the minimal STIM1 activation domain (S) to Orai1 (Orai1-SS channels), indicating that loss of gating in these mutants by full-length STIM1 results from insufficient ligand binding. By contrast, gating could not be restored in mutant Orai1-SS channels carrying more drastic deletions that removed the STIM1 binding sites (1-85, 73-85, or 272-279 Orai1), suggesting that STIM1 binding to both sites is essential for channel activation. Moreover, analysis of ion selectivity indicated that the molecular requirements for gating and modulation of ion selectivity are similar, yet substantively different from those for Orai1 puncta formation, suggesting that ion selectivity and gating are mechanistically coupled in CRAC channels. Our results indicate that the C- and N-terminal STIM1 binding sites are both essential for multiple aspects of Orai1 function including STIM1-Orai1 association, Orai1 trapping, and channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A McNally
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Ward 8-296, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Sena LA, Li S, Jairaman A, Prakriya M, Ezponda T, Hildeman DA, Wang CR, Schumacker PT, Licht JD, Perlman H, Bryce PJ, Chandel NS. Mitochondria are required for antigen-specific T cell activation through reactive oxygen species signaling. Immunity 2013; 38:225-36. [PMID: 23415911 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 871] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is widely appreciated that T cells increase glycolytic flux during activation, but the role of mitochondrial flux is unclear. Here, we have shown that mitochondrial metabolism in the absence of glucose metabolism is sufficient to support interleukin-2 (IL-2) induction. Furthermore, we used mice with reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production in T cells (T-Uqcrfs(-/-) mice) to show that mitochondria are required for T cell activation to produce mROS for activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and subsequent IL-2 induction. These mice could not induce antigen-specific expansion of T cells in vivo, but Uqcrfs1(-/-) T cells retained the ability to proliferate in vivo under lymphopenic conditions. This suggests that Uqcrfs1(-/-) T cells were not lacking bioenergetically but rather lacked specific ROS-dependent signaling events needed for antigen-specific expansion. Thus, mitochondrial metabolism is a critical component of T cell activation through the production of complex III ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Sena
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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46
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Abstract
In many animal cells, store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels function as an essential route for Ca(2+) entry. CRAC channels control many fundamental cellular functions including gene expression, motility, and cell proliferation, are involved in the etiology of several disease processes including a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, and have emerged as major targets for drug development. Although little was known of the molecular mechanisms of CRAC channel operation for several decades, the discovery of Orai1 as a prototypic CRAC channel protein and STIM1 as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) sensor has led to rapid progress in our understanding of the mechanisms and functions of CRAC channels. It is now known that activation of CRAC channels following ER Ca(2+) store depletion is governed by several events, which include the redistributions and accumulations of STIM1 and Orai1 into overlapping puncta at peripheral cellular sites, resulting in direct protein-protein interactions between the two proteins. In this chapter, I review the molecular features of the STIM and Orai proteins that regulate the gating and ion conduction mechanisms of CRAC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Prakriya
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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47
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McNally BA, Somasundaram A, Jairaman A, Prakriya M. Distinct Functional Roles of the N- and C-Terminal STIM1 Binding Sites in Orai1 for Trapping and Gating of CRAC Channels. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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48
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Abstract
Lymphocyte function is regulated by a network of ion channels and transporters in the plasma membrane of B and T cells. These proteins modulate the cytoplasmic concentrations of diverse cations, such as calcium, magnesium and zinc ions, which function as second messengers to regulate crucial lymphocyte effector functions, including cytokine production, differentiation and cytotoxicity. The repertoire of ion-conducting proteins includes calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels, P2X receptors, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, potassium channels, chloride channels and magnesium and zinc transporters. This Review discusses the roles of ion conduction pathways in lymphocyte function and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels are a widespread mechanism for generating cellular Ca(2+) signals and regulate many Ca(2+)-dependent functions, including transcription, motility and proliferation. The opening of CRAC channels in response to depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores involves a cascade of cellular events that culminate in direct interactions between STIM1, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor, and the channels composed of Orai proteins. Evidence gathered over the last two decades indicates that CRAC channels display a unique functional pore fingerprint characterized by exquisite Ca(2+) selectivity, low unitary conductance, and low permeability to large cations. Here, we review the key pore properties of CRAC channels and discuss recent progress in addressing the molecular foundations of these properties. Structure-function and cysteine-scanning studies have revealed the identity and organization of pore-lining residues, including those that form the selectivity filter, providing a structural framework for understanding CRAC channel pore properties. Recent studies in pore mutants that produce STIM1-independent constitutive channel activation indicate that exquisite Ca(2+) selectivity in CRAC channels is not hardwired into Orai proteins, but is instead manifested only following the binding of STIM1 to the intrinsically poorly Ca(2+)-selective Orai channels. These findings reveal new functional aspects of CRAC channels and suggest that the selectivity filter of the CRAC channel is a dynamic structure whose conformation and functional properties are powerfully regulated by the channel activation stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A McNally
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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50
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McNally BA, Somasundaram A, Yamashita M, Prakriya M. Gated regulation of CRAC channel ion selectivity by STIM1. Nature 2012; 482:241-5. [PMID: 22278058 PMCID: PMC3276717 DOI: 10.1038/nature10752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two defining functional features of ion channels are ion selectivity and channel gating. Ion selectivity is generally considered an immutable property of the open channel structure, whereas gating involves transitions between open and closed channel states typically without changes in ion selectivity 1. In store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, the molecular mechanism of channel gating by the CRAC channel activator, STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) remains unknown. CRAC channels are distinguished by an extraordinarily high Ca2+ selectivity and are instrumental in generating sustained [Ca2+]i elevations necessary for gene expression and effector function in many eukaryotic cells 2. Here, we probed the central features of the STIM1 gating mechanism in the CRAC channel protein, Orai1, and identified V102, a residue located in the extracellular region of the pore, as a candidate for the channel gate. Mutations at V102 produced constitutively active CRAC channels that were open even in the absence of STIM1. Unexpectedly, although STIM1-free V102 mutant channels were not Ca2+-selective, their Ca2+ selectivity was dose-dependently boosted by interactions with STIM1. Similar enhancement of Ca2+ selectivity also occurred in wild-type (WT) Orai1 channels by increasing the number of STIM1 activation domains directly tethered to Orai1 channels. Thus, exquisite Ca2+ selectivity is not an intrinsic property of CRAC channels, but rather a tunable feature bestowed on otherwise non-selective Orai1 channels by STIM1. Our results demonstrate that STIM1-mediated gating of CRAC channels occurs through an unusual mechanism wherein permeation and gating are closely coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A McNally
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Avenue, Ward 8-296, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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