1
|
Narayanan V, Purkayastha P, Yu B, Pendyala K, Chukkapalli S, Cabe JI, Dickinson RB, Conway DE, Lele TP. Rho activation drives luminal collapse and eversion in epithelial acini. Biophys J 2023; 122:3630-3645. [PMID: 36617192 PMCID: PMC10541472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells lining a gland and cells grown in a soft extracellular matrix polarize with apical proteins exposed to the lumen and basal proteins in contact with the extracellular matrix. Alterations to polarity, including an apical-out polarity, occur in human cancers. Although some aberrant polarity states may result from altered protein trafficking, recent observations of an extraordinary tissue-level inside-out unfolding suggest an alternative pathway for altered polarity. Because mechanical alterations are common in human cancer, including an upregulation of RhoA-mediated actomyosin tension in acinar epithelia, we explored whether perturbing mechanical homeostasis could cause apical-out eversion. Acinar eversion was robustly induced by direct activation of RhoA in normal and tumor epithelial acini, or indirect activation of RhoA through blockage of β1-integrins, disruption of the LINC complex, oncogenic Ras activation, or Rac1 inhibition. Furthermore, laser ablation of a portion of the untreated acinus was sufficient to induce eversion. Analyses of acini revealed high curvature and low phosphorylated myosin in the apical cell surfaces relative to the basal surfaces. A vertex-based mathematical model that balances tension at cell-cell interfaces revealed a fivefold greater basal cell surface tension relative to the apical cell surface tension. The model suggests that the difference in surface energy between the apical and basal surfaces is the driving force for acinar eversion. Our findings raise the possibility that a loss of mechanical homeostasis may cause apical-out polarity states in human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vani Narayanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Purboja Purkayastha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kavya Pendyala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sasanka Chukkapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jolene I Cabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Richard B Dickinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Daniel E Conway
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State University and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Tanmay P Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarraf TR, Sen M. Wnt5A signaling supports antigen processing and CD8 T cell activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960060. [PMID: 36091060 PMCID: PMC9459031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen processing and antigen-specific CD8 T cell activation form part and parcel of cell-mediated immunity to infections. Yet, several lacunae remain in our understanding of how antigen processing and CD8 T cell response are coordinated. In this study, using mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) as antigen-presenting cells and Ovalbumin (OVA)/DQ-Ovalbumin (DQ-OVA) as model antigen we demonstrated that Wnt5A signaling in BMDC supports antigen processing/presentation and concomitant CD8 T cell activation through regulation of actin and proteasome dynamics. Recombinant Wnt5A conditioning of BMDC and associated actin assembly facilitated DQ-OVA processing, which was inhibited by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Moreover, Wnt5A depletion led to a significant reduction in OVA processing and presentation. Impaired DQ-OVA processing in Wnt5A depleted BMDC correlated with altered dynamics of both actin and the proteasome regulator PA28α-PA28β, and reduced association of DQ-OVA with actin and proteasome subunits. Inhibited OVA processing/presentation in the Wnt5A depleted BMDC also resulted in subdued activation of OVA-sensitized CD8 T cells in co-culture with the BMDC. In concurrence with these findings, we demonstrated reduced OVA processing and impaired CD8 T cell response to OVA immunization in Wnt5A heterozygous mice lacking a copy of the Wnt5A gene in comparison to the wild-type cohorts. Taken together, our results reveal a crucial requirement of Wnt5A signaling in antigen processing/presentation and CD8 T cell activation, thus unveiling a vital regulatory node of cell-mediated immunity, unidentified thus far.
Collapse
|
3
|
Maity S, Chakraborty A, Mahata SK, Roy S, Das AK, Sen M. Wnt5A Signaling Blocks Progression of Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818266. [PMID: 35197983 PMCID: PMC8859155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis, caused by L. donovani infection is fatal if left untreated. The intrinsic complexity of visceral leishmaniasis complicated further by the increasing emergence of drug resistant L. donovani strains warrants fresh investigations into host defense schemes that counter infections. Accordingly, in a mouse model of experimental visceral leishmaniasis we explored the utility of host Wnt5A in restraining L. donovani infection, using both antimony sensitive and antimony resistant L. donovani strains. We found that Wnt5A heterozygous (Wnt5A +/-) mice are more susceptible to L. donovani infection than their wild type (Wnt5A +/+) counterparts as depicted by the respective Leishman Donovan Units (LDU) enumerated from the liver and spleen harvested from infected mice. Higher LDU in Wnt5A +/- mice correlated with increased plasma gammaglobulin level, incidence of liver granuloma, and disorganization of splenic white pulp. Progression of infection in mice by both antimony sensitive and antimony resistant strains of L. donovani could be prevented by activation of Wnt5A signaling through intravenous administration of rWnt5A prior to L. donovani infection. Wnt5A mediated blockade of L. donovani infection correlated with the preservation of splenic macrophages and activated T cells, and a proinflammatory cytokine bias. Taken together our results indicate that while depletion of Wnt5A promotes susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis, revamping Wnt5A signaling in the host is able to curb L. donovani infection irrespective of antimony sensitivity or resistance and mitigate the progression of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Maity
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Arijit Chakraborty
- Department of General Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sushil Kumar Mahata
- Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Syamal Roy
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Pathology Calcutta National Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Malini Sen
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Malini Sen, ;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bimodal expression of Wnt5a in the tooth germ: A comparative study using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151868. [PMID: 34823012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During tooth development, Wnt5a, a member of the noncanonical Wnt ligand, is expressed prominently in the dental mesenchyme. However, the spatiotemporal profiles of Wnt5a protein production and distribution in tooth germs are largely unknown, which impairs elucidation of the Wnt5a-mediated regulatory mechanism of tooth development. METHODS We performed analyzes of the spatiotemporal expression of Wnt5a in embryonic tooth germs (E11.5-E18.5) by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in parallel. The developmental stages of the embryonic tooth germs were determined by HE staining. In order to compare the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of Wnt5a mRNA-expressing cells and those of Wnt5a protein-expressing cells, serial frontal sections of paraffinized mouse embryo heads were used for the analyzes. When needed, the immunohistochemistry images were subjected to digital detection analysis of Wnt5a immunostaining signal using the WinROOF 2018 Ver. 4.19.0 image processing software program. RESULTS Throughout the developmental process, cells expressing Wnt5a mRNA were found in various tissues including the dental follicle, dental papilla, inner and outer enamel epithelium, stratum intermediate, and stellate reticulum. However, odontoblasts differentiating and polarizing at E18.5 were the only cells representing an accumulation of Wnt5a protein in the apical region of the odontoblast process. The Wnt5a protein was undetectable in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells as well as any other cells positive for Wnt5a mRNA. CONCLUSION Differentiating odontoblasts execute Wnt5a expression, the mode of which is distinct from that executed by the other cells constituting tooth germ. Change of the mode of Wnt5a expression begins to take place in the mesenchymal cells by E18.5, starting the elongation of the cytoplasmic process.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kondo A, Kaestner KH. FoxL1 + mesenchymal cells are a critical source of Wnt5a for midgut elongation during mouse embryonic intestinal development. Cells Dev 2021; 165:203662. [PMID: 33993983 PMCID: PMC7988427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Wnt5a is a non-canonical Wnt ligand that is essential for normal embryonic development in mammals. The role of Wnt5a in early intestinal development has been examined in gene ablation models, where Wnt5a-/- mice exhibit strikingly shortened intestines. However, the exact cellular source of Wnt5a has remained elusive, until a recent study found that FoxL1-expressing mesenchymal cells (FoxL1+ cells), which are localized directly beneath the intestinal epithelium, express Wnt5a. To determine whether FoxL1+ cells are a required source of Wnt5a during intestinal development, we derived FoxL1-Cre; Wnt5af/f mice, which is the first mouse model to ablate Wnt5a in a cell type-specific manner in the intestine in vivo. Our results show that Wnt5a deletion in FoxL1+ cells during fetal life causes a shortened gut phenotype in neonatal mice, and that our model is sufficient to increase rate of apoptosis in the elongating epithelium, thus explaining the shortened gut phenotype. However, in contrast to previous studies using Wnt5a null mice, we did not observe dysregulation of epithelial structure or apical-basal protein localization. Altogether, our findings establish a developmental role for FoxL1+ mesenchymal cells in controlling non-canonical Wnt signaling during midgut elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kondo
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Díaz-Díaz C, Baonza G, Martín-Belmonte F. The vertebrate epithelial apical junctional complex: Dynamic interplay between Rho GTPase activity and cell polarization processes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
7
|
Villarroel A, Del Valle-Pérez B, Fuertes G, Curto J, Ontiveros N, Garcia de Herreros A, Duñach M. Src and Fyn define a new signaling cascade activated by canonical and non-canonical Wnt ligands and required for gene transcription and cell invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:919-935. [PMID: 31312879 PMCID: PMC11104847 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Wnt ligands signal through canonical or non-canonical signaling pathways. Although both routes share common elements, such as the Fz2 receptor, they differ in the co-receptor and in many of the final responses; for instance, whereas canonical Wnts increase β-catenin stability, non-canonical ligands downregulate it. However, both types of ligands stimulate tumor cell invasion. We show here that both the canonical Wnt3a and the non-canonical Wnt5a stimulate Fz2 tyrosine phosphorylation, Fyn binding to Fz2, Fyn activation and Fyn-dependent Stat3 phosphorylation. Wnt3a and Wnt5a require Src for Fz2 tyrosine phosphorylation; Src binds to canonical and non-canonical co-receptors (LRP5/6 and Ror2, respectively) and is activated by Wnt3a and Wnt5a. This Fz2/Fyn/Stat3 branch is incompatible with the classical Fz2/Dvl2 pathway as shown by experiments of over-expression or depletion. Fyn is necessary for transcription of genes associated with invasiveness, such as Snail1, and for activation of cell invasion by both Wnt ligands. Our results extend the knowledge about canonical Wnt pathways, demonstrating additional roles for Fyn in this pathway and describing how this protein kinase is activated by both canonical and non-canonical Wnts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Villarroel
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Del Valle-Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Guillem Fuertes
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josué Curto
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Neus Ontiveros
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Garcia de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Unidad Asociada CSIC, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, c/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències, Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Duñach
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Momozane T, Fukui E, Funaki S, Fujii M, Kinehara Y, Ito E, Miyagawa S, Ohno Y, Sawa Y, Okumura M, Shintani Y. Efficient Differentiation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Alveolar Epithelium Type II with a BRD4 Inhibitor. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1271682. [PMID: 31949433 PMCID: PMC6948319 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1271682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has continued to progress for lung biology and lung diseases. Efforts have focused on a variety of different applications for pluripotent stem cells. Several groups have reported successful methods for inducing differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into the airway epithelium such as alveolar epithelium type II (ATII). However, differentiation efficiency varies among reports and improvements are needed. In the present paper, we propose a novel method for elimination of residual undifferentiated murine iPSCs using JQ1, a potent inhibitor of bromodomain (BRD) and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins, for efficient differentiation into ATII. First, the murine iPSC line 20D-17 was induced to differentiate into ATII over a period of 26 days (days 0-26) using previously reported embryoid body seeding and stepwise differentiation methods. mRNA expressions of differentiation markers including surfactant protein C (Sftpc) were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results, and 17% of the cells were shown positive for prosurfactant protein C (proSPC) in flow cytometry analysis. Next, those cells were cultured three-dimensionally in Matrigel for an additional 14 days (days 26-40), during which JQ1 was added for 4 days (days 28-32) to remove residual undifferentiated iPSCs. As a result, on day 40, the mRNA expression level of Sftpc in the three-dimensional culture was maintained at the same level as on day 26 and shown to be further increased by the addition of JQ1, with 39% of the cells found to express proSPC, showing that differentiation efficiency could be further increased. Three-dimensional culture with BRD4 inhibition by JQ1 improved the differentiation induction efficiency to ATII by removing residual undifferentiated murine iPSCs during the differentiation induction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Momozane
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eriko Fukui
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujii
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kinehara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Meinoshin Okumura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Toneyama Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Puzik K, Tonnier V, Opper I, Eckert A, Zhou L, Kratzer MC, Noble FL, Nienhaus GU, Gradl D. Lef1 regulates caveolin expression and caveolin dependent endocytosis, a process necessary for Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling during Xenopus gastrulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15645. [PMID: 31666627 PMCID: PMC6821757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of distinct branches of the Wnt signaling network is essential for regulating early vertebrate development. Activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway stimulates expression of β-catenin-Lef/Tcf regulated Wnt target genes and a regulatory network giving rise to the formation of the Spemann organizer. Non-canonical pathways, by contrast, mainly regulate cell polarization and migration, in particular convergent extension movements of the trunk mesoderm during gastrulation. By transcriptome analyses, we found caveolin1, caveolin3 and cavin1 to be regulated by Lef1 in the involuting mesoderm of Xenopus embryos at gastrula stages. We show that caveolins and caveolin dependent endocytosis are necessary for proper gastrulation, most likely by interfering with Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling. Wnt5a regulates the subcellular localization of receptor complexes, including Ror2 homodimers, Ror2/Fzd7 and Ror2/dsh heterodimers in an endocytosis dependent manner. Live-cell imaging revealed endocytosis of Ror2/caveolin1 complexes. In Xenopus explants, in the presence of Wnt5a, these receptor clusters remain stable exclusively at the basolateral side, suggesting that endocytosis of non-canonical Wnt/receptor complexes preferentially takes place at the apical membrane. In support of this blocking endocytosis with inhibitors prevents the effects of Wnt5a. Thus, target genes of Lef1 interfere with Wnt5a/Ror2 signaling to coordinate gastrulation movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Puzik
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Veronika Tonnier
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Isabell Opper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Antonia Eckert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marie-Claire Kratzer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ferdinand le Noble
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Dietmar Gradl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bruurs LJM, van der Net MC, Zwakenberg S, Zwartkruis FJT, Bos JL. A Tuba/Cdc42/Par6A complex is required to ensure singularity in apical domain formation during enterocyte polarization. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207159. [PMID: 30408122 PMCID: PMC6224091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apico-basal polarity establishment is a seminal process in tissue morphogenesis. To function properly it is often imperative that epithelial cells limit apical membrane formation to a single domain. We previously demonstrated that signaling by the small GTPase Cdc42, together with its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Tuba, is required to prevent the formation of multiple apical domains in polarized Ls174T:W4 cells, a single cell model for enterocyte polarization. To further chart the molecular signaling mechanisms that safeguard singularity during enterocyte polarization we generated knockout cells for the Cdc42 effector protein Par6A. Par6A loss results in the formation of multiple apical domains, similar to loss of Cdc42. In Par6A knockout cells, we find that active Cdc42 is more mobile at the apical membrane compared to control cells and that wild type Cdc42 is more diffusely localized throughout the cell, indicating that Par6A is required to restrict Cdc42 signaling. Par6A, Cdc42 and its GEF Tuba bind in a co-immunoprecipitation experiment and they partially colocalize at the apical membrane in polarized Ls174T:W4 cells, suggesting the formation of a trimeric complex. Indeed, in a rescue experiment using Par6A mutants, we show that the ability to establish this trimeric complex correlates with the ability to restore singularity in Par6A knockout cells. Together, these experiments therefore indicate that a Tuba/Cdc42/Par6A complex is required to ensure the formation of a single apical domain during enterocyte polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. M. Bruurs
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C. van der Net
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Zwakenberg
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fried J. T. Zwartkruis
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L. Bos
- Oncode Institute, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Curto J, Del Valle-Pérez B, Villarroel A, Fuertes G, Vinyoles M, Peña R, García de Herreros A, Duñach M. CK1ε and p120-catenin control Ror2 function in noncanonical Wnt signaling. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:611-629. [PMID: 29465811 PMCID: PMC5928365 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways share some common elements but differ in the responses they evoke. Similar to Wnt ligands acting through the canonical pathway, Wnts that activate the noncanonical signaling, such as Wnt5a, promote Disheveled (Dvl) phosphorylation and its binding to the Frizzled (Fz) Wnt receptor complex. The protein kinase CK1ε is required for Dvl/Fz association in both canonical and noncanonical signaling. Here we show that differently to its binding to canonical Wnt receptor complex, CK1ε does not require p120‐catenin for the association with the Wnt5a co‐receptor Ror2. Wnt5a promotes the formation of the Ror2–Fz complex and enables the activation of Ror2‐bound CK1ε by Fz‐associated protein phosphatase 2A. Moreover, CK1ε also regulates Ror2 protein levels; CK1ε association stabilizes Ror2, which undergoes lysosomal‐dependent degradation in the absence of this kinase. Although p120‐catenin is not required for CK1ε association with Ror2, it also participates in this signaling pathway as p120‐catenin binds and maintains Ror2 at the plasma membrane; in p120‐depleted cells, Ror2 is rapidly internalized through a clathrin‐dependent mechanism. Accordingly, downregulation of p120‐catenin or CK1ε affects late responses to Wnt5a that are also sensitive to Ror2, such as SIAH2 transcription, cell invasion, or cortical actin polarization. Our results explain how CK1ε is activated by noncanonical Wnt and identify p120‐catenin and CK1ε as two critical factors controlling Ror2 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josué Curto
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Beatriz Del Valle-Pérez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Aida Villarroel
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Guillem Fuertes
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vinyoles
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Peña
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio García de Herreros
- Programa de Recerca en Càncer, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Ciències, Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Duñach
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, CEB, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kikuchi A, Fumoto K, Kimura H. The Dickkopf1-cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 axis creates a novel signalling pathway and may represent a molecular target for cancer therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4651-4665. [PMID: 28514532 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) is a secreted protein and antagonizes oncogenic Wnt signalling by binding to the Wnt co-receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. DKK1 has also been suggested to regulate its own signalling, associated with tumour aggressiveness. However, the underlying mechanism by which DKK1 promotes cancer cell proliferation has remained to be clarified for a long time. The cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4), originally identified as an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, was recently found to act as a novel DKK1 receptor. DKK1 stimulates cancer cell proliferation when CKAP4 is expressed on the cell surface membrane. Although there are no tyrosine residues in the intracellular region of CKAP4, CKAP4 forms a complex with PI3K upon the binding of DKK1, leading to the activation of Akt. Both DKK1 and CKAP4 are frequently expressed in pancreatic and lung tumours, and their simultaneous expression is negatively correlated with prognosis. Knockdown of CKAP4 in cancer cells and treatment of mice with the anti-CKAP4 antibody inhibit Akt activity in cancer cells and suppress xenograft tumour formation, suggesting that CKAP4 may represent a therapeutic target for cancers expressing both DKK1 and CKAP4. This review will provide details of the novel DKK1-CKAP4 signalling axis that promotes cancer proliferation and discuss the possibility of targeting this pathway in future cancer drug development. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Fumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chakraborty A, Kurati SP, Mahata SK, Sundar S, Roy S, Sen M. Wnt5a Signaling Promotes Host Defense against Leishmania donovani Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:992-1002. [PMID: 28659356 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani infects macrophages, disrupting immune homeostasis. The underlying mechanism that sustains infection remains unresolved. In view of the potential of Wnt5a signaling to support immune homeostasis, we evaluated the interrelationship of Wnt5a signaling and Leishmania donovani infection. Upon infecting macrophages separately with antimony drug-sensitive and -resistant L. donovani, we noted disruption in the steady-state level of Wnt5a. Moreover, inhibition of Wnt5a signaling by small interfering RNA transfection in vitro or by use of inhibitor of Wnt production in vivo led to an increase in cellular parasite load. In contrast, treatment of macrophages with recombinant Wnt5a caused a decrease in the load of antimony-sensitive and -resistant parasites, thus confirming that Wnt5a signaling antagonizes L. donovani infection. Using inhibitors of the Wnt5a signaling intermediates Rac1 and Rho kinase, we demonstrated that Wnt5a-mediated inhibition of parasite infection in macrophages is Rac1/Rho dependent. Furthermore, phalloidin staining and reactive oxygen species estimation of Wnt5a-treated macrophages suggested that a Wnt5a-Rac/Rho-mediated decrease in parasite load is associated with an increase in F- actin assembly and NADPH oxidase activity. Moreover, live microscopy of L. donovani-infected macrophages treated with Wnt5a demonstrated increased endosomal/lysosomal fusions with parasite-containing vacuoles (parasitophorous vacuoles [PV]). An increase in PV-endosomal/lysosomal fusion accompanied by augmented PV degradation in Wnt5a-treated macrophages was also apparent from transmission electron microscopy of infected cells. Our results suggest that, although L. donovani evades host immune response, at least in part through inhibition of Wnt5a signaling, revamping Wnt5a signaling can inhibit L. donovani infection, irrespective of drug sensitivity or resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Chakraborty
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sony Priya Kurati
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Syamal Roy
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India; and.,Coochbehar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Malini Sen
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Couto A, Mack NA, Favia L, Georgiou M. An apicobasal gradient of Rac activity determines protrusion form and position. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15385. [PMID: 28524861 PMCID: PMC5454455 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Each cell within a polarized epithelial sheet must align and correctly position a wide range of subcellular structures, including actin-based dynamic protrusions. Using in vivo inducible transgenes that can sense or modify Rac activity, we demonstrate an apicobasal gradient of Rac activity that is required to correctly form and position distinct classes of dynamic protrusion along the apicobasal axis of the cell. We show that we can modify the Rac activity gradient in genetic mutants for specific polarity proteins, with consequent changes in protrusion form and position and additionally show, using photoactivatable Rac transgenes, that it is the level of Rac activity that determines protrusion form. Thus, we demonstrate a mechanism by which polarity proteins can spatially regulate Rac activity and the actin cytoskeleton to ensure correct epithelial cell shape and prevent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Africa Couto
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Natalie Ann Mack
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Lucrezia Favia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marios Georgiou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bidaud-Meynard A, Binamé F, Lagrée V, Moreau V. Regulation of Rho GTPase activity at the leading edge of migrating cells by p190RhoGAP. Small GTPases 2017; 10:99-110. [PMID: 28287334 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1280584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration, a key feature of embryonic development, immunity, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis, is based on the coordinated regulation of actin dynamics and integrin-mediated adhesion. Rho GTPases play a major role in this phenomenon by regulating the onset and maintenance of actin-based protruding structures at cell leading edges (i.e. lamellipodia and filopodia) and contractile structures (i.e., stress fibers) at their trailing edge. While spatio-temporal analysis demonstrated the tight regulation of Rho GTPases at the migration front during cell locomotion, little is known about how the main regulators of Rho GTPase activity, such as GAPs, GEFs and GDIs, play a role in this process. In this review, we focus on a major negative regulator of RhoA, p190RhoGAP-A and its close isoform p190RhoGAP-B, which are necessary for efficient cell migration. Recent studies, including our, demonstrated that p190RhoGAP-A localization and activity undergo a complex regulatory mechanism, accounting for the tight regulation of RhoA, but also other members of the Rho GTPase family, at the cell periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bidaud-Meynard
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| | - Fabien Binamé
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| | - Valérie Lagrée
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale , Bordeaux , France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology , Bordeaux , France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wnt5a induces renal AQP2 expression by activating calcineurin signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13636. [PMID: 27892464 PMCID: PMC5133730 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heritable nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by defective urine concentration mechanisms in the kidney, which are mainly caused by loss-of-function mutations in the vasopressin type 2 receptor. For the treatment of heritable NDI, novel strategies that bypass the defective vasopressin type 2 receptor are required to activate the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel. Here we show that Wnt5a regulates AQP2 protein expression, phosphorylation and trafficking, suggesting that Wnt5a is an endogenous ligand that can regulate AQP2 without the activation of the classic vasopressin/cAMP signalling pathway. Wnt5a successfully increases the apical membrane localization of AQP2 and urine osmolality in an NDI mouse model. We also demonstrate that calcineurin is a key regulator of Wnt5a-induced AQP2 activation without affecting intracellular cAMP level and PKA activity. The importance of calcineurin is further confirmed with its activator, arachidonic acid, which shows vasopressin-like effects underlining that calcineurin activators may be potential therapeutic targets for heritable NDI.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cytoskeletal Symmetry Breaking and Chirality: From Reconstituted Systems to Animal Development. Symmetry (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/sym7042062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
|
18
|
Abstract
Signaling via the Rho GTPases provides crucial regulation of numerous cell polarization events, including apicobasal (AB) polarity, polarized cell migration, polarized cell division and neuronal polarity. Here we review the relationships between the Rho family GTPases and epithelial AB polarization events, focusing on the 3 best-characterized members: Rho, Rac and Cdc42. We discuss a multitude of processes that are important for AB polarization, including lumen formation, apical membrane specification, cell-cell junction assembly and maintenance, as well as tissue polarity. Our discussions aim to highlight the immensely complex regulatory mechanisms that encompass Rho GTPase signaling during AB polarization. More specifically, in this review we discuss several emerging common themes, that include: 1) the need for Rho GTPase activities to be carefully balanced in both a spatial and temporal manner through a multitude of mechanisms; 2) the existence of signaling feedback loops and crosstalk to create robust cellular responses; and 3) the frequent multifunctionality that exists among AB polarity regulators. Regarding this latter theme, we provide further discussion of the potential plasticity of the cell polarity machinery and as a result the possible implications for human disease.
Collapse
Key Words
- AB, Apicobasal
- AJ, Adherens junction
- Amot, Angiomotin
- Arp2/3, Actin-related protein-2/3
- Baz, Bazooka
- C. elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans
- CA, Constitutively-active
- CD2AP, CD2-associated protein
- Caco2, Human colon carcinoma
- Cdc42
- Cora, Coracle
- Crb, Crumbs
- DN, Dominant-negative
- Dia1, Diaphanous-related formin 1
- Dlg, Discs large
- Drosophila, Drosophila melanogaster
- Dys-β, Dystrobrevin-β
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- Ect2, Epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 oncogene
- Eya1, Eyes absent 1
- F-actin, Filamentous actin
- FRET, Fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- GAP, GTPase-activating protein
- GDI, Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor
- GEF, Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
- GTPases
- JACOP, Junction-associated coiled-coiled protein
- JAM, Junctional adhesion molecule
- LKB1, Liver kinase B1
- Lgl, Lethal giant larvae
- MDCK, Madin-Darby canine kidney
- MTOC, Microtubule-organizing center
- NrxIV, Neurexin IV
- Pals1, Protein associated with Lin-7 1
- Par, Partitioning-defective
- Patj, Pals1-associated TJ protein
- ROCK, Rho-associated kinase
- Rac
- Rho
- Rich1, RhoGAP interacting with CIP4 homologues
- S. cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- S. pombe, Schizosaccharomyces pombe
- SH3BP1, SH3-domain binding protein 1
- Scrib, Scribble
- Std, Stardust
- TEM4, Tumor endothelial marker 4
- TJ, Tight junction
- Tiam1, T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1
- WASp, Wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein
- Yrt, Yurt
- ZA, zonula adherens
- ZO, Zonula occludens
- aPKC, Atypical Protein Kinase C
- apicobasal
- epithelia
- junction
- par
- polarity
- α-cat, Alpha-catenin
- β-cat, Beta-Catenin
- β2-syn, Beta-2-syntrophin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Ann Mack
- a School of Life Sciences; Queens Medical Center ; University of Nottingham ; Nottingham , UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun J, Wang X, Li C, Mao B. Xenopus Claudin-6 is required for embryonic pronephros morphogenesis and terminal differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:178-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Yamamoto H, Awada C, Matsumoto S, Kaneiwa T, Sugimoto T, Takao T, Kikuchi A. Basolateral secretion of Wnt5a in polarized epithelial cells is required for apical lumen formation. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:1051-63. [PMID: 25593127 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.163683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt5a regulates planar cell polarity in epithelial cells, but it remains to be determined whether Wnt5a and its receptors are sorted apically or basolaterally, and how Wnt5a signaling is involved in apical and basolateral polarization. We found that Wnt5a was secreted basolaterally in polarized kidney epithelial cells. The basolateral secretion of Wnt5a required Wntless (Wls), clathrin and adaptor protein 1 (AP-1). Wnt5a receptors were also localized to the basolateral membranes, but their sorting did not require Wls. Wnt5a-induced signaling was stimulated more efficiently at the basolateral side than the apical side of epithelial cells. Knockdown of Wnt5a delayed apical lumen formation of the epithelial cyst, and these phenotypes were rescued by wild-type Wnt5a, but not by a Wnt5a mutant that is secreted apically. Although apoptosis was not required for apical lumen formation in a wild-type cyst, apoptosis was necessary for eliminating luminal cells in a Wnt5a-depleted cyst. These results suggest that Wnt5a and its receptors are sorted to their correct destination by different mechanisms and that the basolateral secretion of Wnt5a is necessary for apical lumen formation in the epithelial cyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Chihiro Awada
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kaneiwa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fujii S, Matsumoto S, Nojima S, Morii E, Kikuchi A. Arl4c expression in colorectal and lung cancers promotes tumorigenesis and may represent a novel therapeutic target. Oncogene 2014; 34:4834-44. [PMID: 25486429 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that expression of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-like 4c (Arl4c) induced by a combination of Wnt/β-catenin and epidermal growth factor/Ras signaling in normal epithelial cells grown in three-dimensional culture promotes cellular migration and proliferation, resulting in formation of tube-like structures, suggesting the involvement of Arl4c in epithelial morphogenesis. It is conceivable that there could be a common mechanism between epithelial morphogenesis and carcinogenesis. Therefore the current study was conducted to investigate whether Arl4c might be involved in tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemical analyses of tissue specimens obtained from colorectal and lung cancer patients revealed that Arl4c was not observed in non-tumor regions but was strongly expressed at high frequencies in tumor lesions. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin or Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling reduced Arl4c mRNA levels in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and A549 lung cancer cells. Knockdown of Arl4c inhibited Rac activity and also prevented nuclear localization of yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) in these cancer cells. Arl4c-depleted cancer cells consistently showed decreased migration, invasion and proliferation capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, direct injection of Arl4c small interfering RNA (siRNA) into HCT116 cell-derived tumors (in vivo treatment with siRNA) inhibited tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. These results suggest that Arl4c is involved in tumorigenesis and might represent a novel therapeutic target for suppressing proliferation and invasion of colorectal and lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Fujii
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - S Nojima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - E Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - A Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Naskar D, Maiti G, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Chattopadhyay D, Sen M. Wnt5a-Rac1-NF-κB homeostatic circuitry sustains innate immune functions in macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4386-97. [PMID: 24706725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in innate immunity. Differentiation Ags present on macrophages such as CD14 orchestrate the first line of defense against infection. The basal/homeostatic signaling scheme that keeps macrophages thus groomed for innate immune functions remains unresolved. Wnt5a-Fz5 signaling being a primordial event during cell differentiation, we examined the involvement of Wnt5a-Fz5 signaling in the maintenance of innate immune functions. In this study, we demonstrate that innate immune functions of macrophages ensue at least partly through a homeostatic Wnt5a-Fz5-NF-κB (p65) circuit, which is Rac1 dependent. The autocrine/paracrine Wnt5a-Fz5-Rac1-p65 signaling cascade not only maintains basal levels of the immune defense modulating IFNs and CD14; it also supports macrophage survival. Wnt5a-Fz5-Rac1 signaling mediated p65 homeostasis in turn sustains Wnt5a expression in a feed-forward mode. The natural immune response of macrophages to Escherichia coli/LPS and virus is accordingly sustained. The depiction of sustenance of innate immune functions as an outcome of a homeostatic Wnt5a-p65 axis unfolds previously unidentified details of immune regulation and provides new insight into homeostatic cell signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debdut Naskar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Matsumoto S, Fujii S, Sato A, Ibuka S, Kagawa Y, Ishii M, Kikuchi A. A combination of Wnt and growth factor signaling induces Arl4c expression to form epithelial tubular structures. EMBO J 2014; 33:702-18. [PMID: 24562386 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201386942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factor-dependent epithelial morphological changes and proliferation are essential for the formation of tubular structures, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Co-stimulation with Wnt3a and epidermal growth factor (Wnt3a/EGF) induced development of tubes consisting of intestinal epithelial cells by inducing expression of Arl4c, an Arf-like small GTP-binding protein, in three-dimensional culture, while stimulation with Wnt3a or EGF alone did not. Arl4c expression resulted in rearrangement of the cytoskeleton through activation of Rac and inactivation of Rho properly, which promoted cell growth by inducing nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) in leading cells. Arl4c was expressed in ureteric bud tips and pretubular structures in the embryonic kidney. In an organoid culture assay, Wnt and fibroblast growth factor signaling simultaneously induced elongation and budding of kidney ureteric buds through Arl4c expression. YAP/TAZ was observed in the nucleus of extending ureteric bud tips. Thus, Arl4c expression induced by a combination of growth factor signaling mechanisms is involved in tube formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|