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Bii VM, Rudoy D, Klezovitch O, Vasioukhin V. Lethal giant larvae gene family ( Llgl1 and Llgl2 ) functions as a tumor suppressor in mouse skin epidermis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531408. [PMID: 36945368 PMCID: PMC10028895 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Loss of cell polarity and tissue disorganization occurs in majority of epithelial cancers. Studies in simple model organisms identified molecular mechanisms responsible for the establishment and maintenance of cellular polarity, which play a pivotal role in establishing proper tissue architecture. The exact role of these cell polarity pathways in mammalian cancer is not completely understood. Here we analyzed the mammalian orthologs of drosophila apical-basal polarity gene lethal giant larvae ( lgl ), which regulates asymmetric stem cell division and functions as a tumor suppressor in flies. There are two mammalian orthologs of lgl ( Llgl1 and Llgl2 ). To determine the role of the entire lgl signaling pathway in mammals we generated mice with ablation of both Llgl1 and Llgl2 in skin epidermis using K14-Cre ( Llgl1/2 -/- cKO mice). Surprisingly, we found that ablation of Llgl1/2 genes does not impact epidermal polarity in adult mice. However, old Llgl1/2 cKO mice present with focal skin lesions which are missing epidermal layer and ripe with inflammation. To determine the role of lgl signaling pathway in cancer we generated Trp53 -/- /Llgl1/2 -/- cKO and Trp53 -/+ /Llgl1/2 -/- cKO mice. Loss of Llgl1/2 promoted squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development in Trp53 -/- cKO and caused SCC in Trp53 -/+ cKO mice, while no cancer was observed in Trp53 -/+ cKO controls. Mechanistically, we show that ablation of Llgl1/2 causes activation of aPKC and upregulation of NF-kB signaling pathway, which may be necessary for SCC in Trp53 -/+ /Llgl1/2 -/- cKO mice. We conclude that Lgl signaling pathway functions as a tumor suppressor in mammalian skin epidermis.
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Hara K, Horikoshi Y, Morimoto M, Nakaso K, Sunaguchi T, Kurashiki T, Nakayama Y, Hanaki T, Yamamoto M, Sakamoto T, Fujiwara Y, Matsura T. TYRO3 promotes chemoresistance via increased LC3 expression in pancreatic cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 28:101608. [PMID: 36577166 PMCID: PMC9803781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignancy with few treatment options, and improved treatment strategies are urgently required. TYRO3, a member of the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase family, is a known oncogene; however, the relationship between TYRO3 expression and PC chemoresistance remains to be elucidated. We performed gain- and loss-of-function experiments on TYRO3 to examine whether it is involved in chemoresistance in PC cells. TYRO3 knockdown decreased cell viability and enhanced apoptosis following treatment of PC cells with gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In contrast, no such effects were observed in TYRO3-overexpressing PC cells. It is known that autophagy is associated with cancer chemoresistance. We then examined effects of TYRO3 on autophagy in PC cells. TYRO3 overexpression increased LC3 mRNA levels and induced LC3 puncta in PC cells. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine mitigated cell resistance to gemcitabine and 5-FU. In a xenograft mouse model, TYRO3 silencing significantly increased sensitivity of the cells to gemcitabine and 5-FU. To further investigate the involvement of autophagy in patients with PC, we immunohistochemically analyzed LC3 expression in the tissues of patients who underwent pancreatectomy and compared it with disease prognosis and TYRO3 expression. LC3 expression was negatively and positively correlated with prognosis and TYRO3 expression, respectively. Furthermore, LC3- and TYRO3-positive patients had a significantly worse prognosis among patients with PC who received chemotherapy after recurrence. These results indicated that the TYRO3-autophagy signaling pathway confers PC resistance to gemcitabine and 5-FU, and could be a novel therapeutic target to resolve PC chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Hara
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan,Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yosuke Horikoshi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan,Corresponding authors.
| | - Masaki Morimoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan,Corresponding authors.
| | - Kazuhiro Nakaso
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Teppei Sunaguchi
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan,Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Kurashiki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan,Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Division of Radioisotope Science, Research Initiative Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Takehiko Hanaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Manabu Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Sakamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Fujiwara
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Matsura
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
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3
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Kurashiki T, Horikoshi Y, Kamizaki K, Sunaguchi T, Hara K, Morimoto M, Kitagawa Y, Nakaso K, Otsuki A, Matsura T. Molecular mechanisms underlying the promotion of wound repair by coenzyme Q10: PI3K/Akt signal activation via alterations to cell membrane domains. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:222-230. [PMID: 35692678 PMCID: PMC9130066 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) promotes wound healing in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the promoting effects of CoQ10 on wound repair remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms through which CoQ10 induces wound repair using a cellular wound-healing model. CoQ10 promoted wound closure in a dose-dependent manner and wound-mediated cell polarization after wounding in HaCaT cells. A comparison with other CoQ homologs, benzoquinone derivatives, and polyisoprenyl compounds suggested that the whole structure of CoQ10 is required for potent wound repair. The phosphorylation of Akt after wounding and the plasma membrane translocation of Akt were elevated in CoQ10-treated cells. The promoting effect of CoQ10 on wound repair was abrogated by co-treatment with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses showed that CoQ10 increased the localization of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) to the apical membrane domains of the cells and the Cav-1 content in the membrane-rich fractions. Depletion of Cav-1 suppressed CoQ10-mediated wound repair and PI3K/Akt signaling activation in HaCaT cells. These results indicated that CoQ10 increases the translocation of Cav-1 to the plasma membranes, activating the downstream PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and resulting in wound closure in HaCaT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyuki Kurashiki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Yosuke Horikoshi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Koki Kamizaki
- Division of Cell Physiology, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University
| | - Teppei Sunaguchi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Kazushi Hara
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Masaki Morimoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Kazuhiro Nakaso
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Akihiro Otsuki
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Tatsuya Matsura
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
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Yamashita K, Mizuno K, Furukawa K, Hirose H, Sakurai N, Masuda-Hirata M, Amano Y, Hirose T, Suzuki A, Ohno S. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of Ser852 and Ser889 control the clustering, localization and function of PAR3. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs244830. [PMID: 33093242 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell polarity is essential for various asymmetric cellular events, and the partitioning defective (PAR) protein PAR3 (encoded by PARD3 in mammals) plays a unique role as a cellular landmark to establish polarity. In epithelial cells, PAR3 localizes at the subapical border, such as the tight junction in vertebrates, and functions as an apical determinant. Although we know a great deal about the regulators of PAR3 localization, how PAR3 is concentrated and localized to a specific membrane domain remains an important question to be clarified. In this study, we demonstrate that ASPP2 (also known as TP53BP2), which controls PAR3 localization, links PAR3 and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). The ASPP2-PP1 complex dephosphorylates a novel phosphorylation site, Ser852, of PAR3. Furthermore, Ser852- or Ser889-unphosphorylatable PAR3 mutants form protein clusters, and ectopically localize to the lateral membrane. Concomitance of clustering and ectopic localization suggests that PAR3 localization is a consequence of local clustering. We also demonstrate that unphosphorylatable forms of PAR3 exhibited a low molecular turnover and failed to coordinate rapid reconstruction of the tight junction, supporting that both the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated states are essential for the functional integrity of PAR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kana Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hirose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Natsuki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Maki Masuda-Hirata
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Amano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hirose
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Molecular Cellular Biology Laboratory, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohno
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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5
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Fomicheva M, Macara IG. Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies noncanonical NF-κB signaling as a regulator of density-dependent proliferation. eLife 2020; 9:63603. [PMID: 33185187 PMCID: PMC7685705 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells possess intrinsic mechanisms to maintain an appropriate cell density for normal tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Defects in such mechanisms likely contribute to hyperplasia and cancer initiation. To identify genes that regulate the density-dependent proliferation of murine mammary epithelial cells, we developed a fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay based on fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator, which marks different stages of the cell cycle with distinct fluorophores. Using this powerful assay, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, selecting for cells that proliferate normally at low density but continue to divide at high density. Unexpectedly, one top hit was Traf3, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling that has never previously been linked to density-dependent proliferation. We demonstrate that loss of Traf3 specifically activates noncanonical NF-κB signaling. This in turn triggers an innate immune response and drives cell division independently of known density-dependent proliferation mechanisms, including YAP/TAZ signaling and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, by blocking entry into quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fomicheva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Nashville, United States
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Nashville, United States
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6
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Fomicheva M, Tross EM, Macara IG. Polarity proteins in oncogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 62:26-30. [PMID: 31509786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Most human cancers arise from epithelial tissues, which are apical-basally polarized and possess intercellular adhesive junctions. Epithelial cells grow to characteristic densities, often from proliferative progenitors, which arrest as they mature. Homeostatic mechanisms can maintain this characteristic density if it is exceeded (crowding) or is too low (e.g. in response to wounding). During tumor initiation and progression this homeostatic mechanism is lost. Some aspects of cell polarity are also lost, although many carcinomas retain intercellular junctions and even apical domains. In other cases, and particularly in recurrent tumors, however, the cells become predominantly mesenchymal. A major question, still only incompletely answered, is whether the proteins that determine cell polarity function as tumor suppressors or tumor promoters. Here we discuss recent advances in understanding the role of polarity proteins and homeostasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fomicheva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37424, USA
| | - Erica M Tross
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37424, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37424, USA.
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7
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Zhang T, Hou C, Zhang S, Liu S, Li Z, Gao J. Lgl1 deficiency disrupts hippocampal development and impairs cognitive performance in mice. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 18:e12605. [PMID: 31415124 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular polarity is crucial for brain development and morphogenesis. Lethal giant larvae 1 (Lgl1) plays a crucial role in the establishment of cell polarity from Drosophila to mammalian cells. Previous studies have found the importance of Lgl1 in the development of cerebellar, olfactory bulb, and cerebral cortex. However, the role of Lgl1 in hippocampal development during the embryonic stage and function in adult mice is still unknown. In our study, we created Lgl1-deficient hippocampus mice by using Emx1-Cre mice. Histological analysis showed that the Emx1-Lgl1-/- mice exhibited reduced size of the hippocampus with severe malformations of hippocampal cytoarchitecture. These defects mainly originated from the disrupted hippocampal neuroepithelium, including increased cell proliferation, abnormal interkinetic nuclear migration, reduced differentiation, increased apoptosis, gradual disruption of adherens junctions, and abnormal neuronal migration. The radial glial scaffold was disorganized in the Lgl1-deficient hippocampus. Thus, Lgl1 plays a distinct role in hippocampal neurogenesis. In addition, the Emx1-Lgl1-/- mice displayed impaired behavioral performance in the Morris water maze and fear conditioning test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Congzhe Hou
- Department of Reproductive medicine, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuoyang Liu
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzu Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Shandong Polytechnic, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Fahey-Lozano N, La Marca JE, Portela M, Richardson HE. Drosophila Models of Cell Polarity and Cell Competition in Tumourigenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1167:37-64. [PMID: 31520348 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23629-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell competition is an important surveillance mechanism that measures relative fitness between cells in a tissue during development, homeostasis, and disease. Specifically, cells that are "less fit" (losers) are actively eliminated by relatively "more fit" (winners) neighbours, despite the less fit cells otherwise being able to survive in a genetically uniform tissue. Originally described in the epithelial tissues of Drosophila larval imaginal discs, cell competition has since been shown to occur in other epithelial and non-epithelial Drosophila tissues, as well as in mammalian model systems. Many genes and signalling pathways have been identified as playing conserved roles in the mechanisms of cell competition. Among them are genes required for the establishment and maintenance of apico-basal cell polarity: the Crumbs/Stardust/Patj (Crb/Sdt/Patj), Bazooka/Par-6/atypical Protein Kinase C (Baz/Par-6/aPKC), and Scribbled/Discs large 1/Lethal (2) giant larvae (Scrib/Dlg1/L(2)gl) modules. In this chapter, we describe the concepts and mechanisms of cell competition, with emphasis on the relationship between cell polarity proteins and cell competition, particularly the Scrib/Dlg1/L(2)gl module, since this is the best described module in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Fahey-Lozano
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John E La Marca
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marta Portela
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena E Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Furukawa KT, Yamashita K, Sakurai N, Ohno S. The Epithelial Circumferential Actin Belt Regulates YAP/TAZ through Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling of Merlin. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1435-1447. [PMID: 28793266 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumferential actin belts underlying the adherens junctions of columnar epithelial cell monolayers control intercellular surface tension and cell shape to maintain tissue integrity. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its paralog TAZ are proliferation-activating transcriptional coactivators that shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Previous studies suggest the importance of stress fibers in the actin cytoskeleton for regulation of YAP nuclear localization; however, the role of the circumferential actin belt on YAP localization remains unclarified. By manipulating actin tension, we demonstrate that circumferential actin belt tension suppresses YAP/TAZ nuclear localization. This suppression requires Merlin, an F-actin binding protein associated with adherens junctions. Merlin physically interacts with YAP/TAZ, and nuclear export sequences of Merlin are required for suppression. Together, with the observation that the association between E-cadherin and Merlin was diminished by tension in circumferential actin belts, our results suggest that released Merlin undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shutting and mediates export of YAP/TAZ from the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana T Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Natsuki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ohno
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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10
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Horikoshi Y, Kamizaki K, Hanaki T, Morimoto M, Kitagawa Y, Nakaso K, Kusumoto C, Matsura T. α-Tocopherol promotes HaCaT keratinocyte wound repair through the regulation of polarity proteins leading to the polarized cell migration. Biofactors 2018; 44:180-191. [PMID: 29399897 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In many developed countries including Japan, how to care the bedridden elderly people with chronic wounds such as decubitus becomes one of the most concerned issues. Although antioxidant micronutrients including vitamin E, especially α-tocopherol (α-Toc), are reported to shorten a period of wound closure, the promoting effect of α-Toc on wound healing independent of its antioxidant activity remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine whether α-Toc affects wound-mediated HaCaT keratinocyte polarization process including the recruitment of polarity regulating proteins, leading to wound repair independently of its antioxidant activity. We investigated the effects of α-Toc and other antioxidants such as Trolox, a cell-permeable α-Toc analog on the migration, proliferation, and cell polarization of HaCaT keratinocytes after wounding. We analyzed the localization and complex formation of polarity proteins, partitioning defective 3 (Par3), and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), and aPKC activity by immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation analyses, and in vitro kinase assays, respectively. α-Toc but not other antioxidants enhanced the wound closure and cell polarization in HaCaT keratinocytes after wounding. α-Toc regulated the localization and complex formation of Par3 and aPKC during wound healing. Knockdown of aPKC or Par3 abrogated α-Toc-mediated promotion of the wound closure and cell polarization in HaCaT keratinocytes. Furthermore, aPKC kinase activity was significantly increased in α-Toc-treated cells through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. These results suggest that α-Toc promotes HaCaT keratinocyte wound repair by regulating the aPKC kinase activity and the formation of aPKC-Par3 complex. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(2):180-191, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Horikoshi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kouki Kamizaki
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Takehiko Hanaki
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masaki Morimoto
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kitagawa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
- Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakaso
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kusumoto
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Matsura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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11
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Stephens R, Lim K, Portela M, Kvansakul M, Humbert PO, Richardson HE. The Scribble Cell Polarity Module in the Regulation of Cell Signaling in Tissue Development and Tumorigenesis. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3585-3612. [PMID: 29409995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Scribble cell polarity module, comprising Scribbled (Scrib), Discs-large (Dlg) and Lethal-2-giant larvae (Lgl), has a tumor suppressive role in mammalian epithelial cancers. The Scribble module proteins play key functions in the establishment and maintenance of different modes of cell polarity, as well as in the control of tissue growth, differentiation and directed cell migration, and therefore are major regulators of tissue development and homeostasis. Whilst molecular details are known regarding the roles of Scribble module proteins in cell polarity regulation, their precise mode of action in the regulation of other key cellular processes remains enigmatic. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that Scribble module proteins play scaffolding roles in the control of various signaling pathways, which are linked to the control of tissue growth, differentiation and cell migration. Multiple Scrib, Dlg and Lgl interacting proteins have been discovered, which are involved in diverse processes, however many function in the regulation of cellular signaling. Herein, we review the components of the Scrib, Dlg and Lgl protein interactomes, and focus on the mechanism by which they regulate cellular signaling pathways in metazoans, and how their disruption leads to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Krystle Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marta Portela
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce, 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Helena E Richardson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Milgrom-Hoffman M, Humbert PO. Regulation of cellular and PCP signalling by the Scribble polarity module. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 81:33-45. [PMID: 29154823 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the first identification of the Scribble polarity module proteins as a new class of tumour suppressors that regulate both cell polarity and proliferation, an increasing amount of evidence has uncovered a broader role for Scribble, Dlg and Lgl in the control of fundamental cellular functions and their signalling pathways. Here, we review these findings as well as discuss more specifically the role of the Scribble module in PCP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Milgrom-Hoffman
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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13
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Cooper J, Xu Q, Zhou L, Pavlovic M, Ojeda V, Moulick K, de Stanchina E, Poirier JT, Zauderer M, Rudin CM, Karajannis MA, Hanemann CO, Giancotti FG. Combined Inhibition of NEDD8-Activating Enzyme and mTOR Suppresses NF2 Loss-Driven Tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1693-1704. [PMID: 28468780 PMCID: PMC5929164 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Inactivation of NF2/Merlin causes the autosomal-dominant cancer predisposition syndrome familial neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and contributes to the development of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). To develop a targeted therapy for NF2-mutant tumors, we have exploited the recent realization that Merlin loss drives tumorigenesis by activating the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4DCAF1, thereby inhibiting the Hippo pathway component Lats. Here, we show that MLN4924, a NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, suppresses CRL4DCAF1 and attenuates activation of YAP in NF2-mutant tumor cells. In addition, MLN4924 sensitizes MPM to traditional chemotherapy, presumably as a result of collateral inhibition of cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL) involved in DNA repair. However, even in combination with chemotherapy, MLN4924 does not exhibit significant preclinical activity. Further analysis revealed that depletion of DCAF1 or treatment with MLN4924 does not affect mTOR hyperactivation in NF2-mutant tumor cells, suggesting that loss of Merlin activates mTOR independently of CRL4DCAF1 Intriguingly, combining MLN4924 with the mTOR/PI3K inhibitor GDC-0980 suppresses the growth of NF2-mutant tumor cells in vitro as well as in mouse and patient-derived xenografts. These results provide preclinical rationale for the use of NAE inhibitors in combination with mTOR/PI3K inhibitors in NF2-mutant tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1693-704. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cooper
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Qingwen Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lu Zhou
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Milica Pavlovic
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Cancer Biology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Virginia Ojeda
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kamalika Moulick
- Cell Biology Program and Center for Metastasis Research, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John T Poirier
- Thoracic Oncology Service and Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marjorie Zauderer
- Thoracic Oncology Service and Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Thoracic Oncology Service and Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthias A Karajannis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - C Oliver Hanemann
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo G Giancotti
- Department of Cancer Biology and David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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14
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Nicotine enhances the malignant potential of human pancreatic cancer cells via activation of atypical protein kinase C. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2404-2415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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