1
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Wang Q, Ji C, Ali A, Ding I, Wang Y, McCulloch CA. TRPV4 mediates IL-1-induced Ca 2+ signaling, ERK activation and MMP expression. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23731. [PMID: 38855909 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400031r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Ca2+ permeation through TRPV4 in fibroblasts is associated with pathological matrix degradation. In human gingival fibroblasts, IL-1β binding to its signaling receptor (IL-1R1) induces activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and MMP1 expression, processes that require Ca2+ flux across the plasma membrane. It is not known how IL-1R1, which does not conduct Ca2+, generates Ca2+ signals in response to IL-1. We examined whether TRPV4 mediates the Ca2+ fluxes required for ERK signaling in IL-1 stimulated gingival fibroblasts. TRPV4 was immunostained in fibroblasts of human gingival connective tissue and in focal adhesions of cultured mouse gingival fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts treated with IL-1β showed no change of TRPV4 expression but there was increased MMP1 expression. In mouse, gingival fibroblasts expressing TRPV4, IL-1 strongly increased [Ca2+]i. Pre-incubation of cells with IL-1 Receptor Antagonist blocked Ca2+ entry induced by IL-1 or the TRPV4 agonist GSK101. Knockout of TRPV4 or expression of a non-Ca2+-conducting TRPV4 pore-mutant or pre-incubation with the TRPV4 inhibitor RN1734, blocked IL-1-induced Ca2+ transients and expression of the mouse interstitial collagenase, MMP13. Treatment of mouse gingival fibroblasts with GSK101 phenocopied Ca2+ and ERK responses induced by IL-1; these responses were absent in TRPV4-null cells or cells expressing a non-conducting TRPV4 pore-mutant. Immunostained IL-1R1 localized with TRPV4 in adhesions within cell extensions. While TRPV4 immunoprecipitates analyzed by mass spectrometry showed no association with IL-1R1, TRPV4 associated with Src-related proteins and Src co-immunoprecipitated with TRPV4. Src inhibition reduced IL-1-induced Ca2+ responses. The functional linkage of TRPV4 with IL-1R1 expands its repertoire of innate immune signaling processes by mediating IL-1-driven Ca2+ responses that drive matrix remodeling in fibroblasts. Thus, inhibiting TRPV4 activity may provide a new pharmacological approach for blunting matrix degradation in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chenfan Ji
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aiman Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Ding
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Ruijmbeek CW, Housley F, Idrees H, Housley MP, Pestel J, Keller L, Lai JK, van der Linde HC, Willemsen R, Piesker J, Al-Hassnan ZN, Almesned A, Dalinghaus M, van den Bersselaar LM, van Slegtenhorst MA, Tessadori F, Bakkers J, van Ham TJ, Stainier DY, Verhagen JM, Reischauer S. Biallelic variants in FLII cause pediatric cardiomyopathy by disrupting cardiomyocyte cell adhesion and myofibril organization. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168247. [PMID: 37561591 PMCID: PMC10544232 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cardiomyopathy (CM) represents a group of rare, severe disorders that affect the myocardium. To date, the etiology and mechanisms underlying pediatric CM are incompletely understood, hampering accurate diagnosis and individualized therapy development. Here, we identified biallelic variants in the highly conserved flightless-I (FLII) gene in 3 families with idiopathic, early-onset dilated CM. We demonstrated that patient-specific FLII variants, when brought into the zebrafish genome using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, resulted in the manifestation of key aspects of morphological and functional abnormalities of the heart, as observed in our patients. Importantly, using these genetic animal models, complemented with in-depth loss-of-function studies, we provided insights into the function of Flii during ventricular chamber morphogenesis in vivo, including myofibril organization and cardiomyocyte cell adhesion, as well as trabeculation. In addition, we identified Flii function to be important for the regulation of Notch and Hippo signaling, crucial pathways associated with cardiac morphogenesis and function. Taken together, our data provide experimental evidence for a role for FLII in the pathogenesis of pediatric CM and report biallelic variants as a genetic cause of pediatric CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine W.B. Ruijmbeek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Filomena Housley
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hafiza Idrees
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen/Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael P. Housley
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jenny Pestel
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Leonie Keller
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jason K.H. Lai
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Zuhair N. Al-Hassnan
- Department of Medical Genetics, and
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Michiel Dalinghaus
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa M. van den Bersselaar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjon A. van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen/Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), RheinMain partner site, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Judith M.A. Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen/Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), RheinMain partner site, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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3
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Ostrowska-Podhorodecka Z, Ali A, Norouzi M, Ding I, Abbasi S, Arora PD, Wong THF, Magalhaes M, McCulloch CA. Vimentin-mediated myosin 10 aggregation at tips of cell extensions drives MT1-MMP-dependent collagen degradation in colorectal cancer. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23097. [PMID: 37440280 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300672r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a high prevalence adenocarcinoma with progressive increases in metastasis-related mortality, but the mechanisms governing the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation important for metastasis in CRC are not well-defined. We investigated a functional relationship between vimentin (Vim) and myosin 10 (Myo10), and whether this relationship is associated with cancer progression. We tested the hypothesis that Vim regulates the aggregation of Myo10 at the tips of cell extensions, which increases membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP)-associated local collagen proteolysis and ECM degradation. Analysis of CRC samples revealed colocalization of Vim with Myo10 and MT1-MMP in cell extensions adjacent to sites of collagen degradation, suggesting an association with local cell invasion. We analyzed cultured CRC cells and fibroblasts and found that Vim accelerates aggregation of Myo10 at cell tips, which increases the cell extension rate. Vim stabilizes the interaction of Myo10 with MT1-MMP, which in turn increases collagenolysis. Vim depletion reduced the aggregation of Myo10 at the cell extension tips and MT1-MMP-dependent collagenolysis. We propose that Vim interacts with Myo10, which in turn associates with MT1-MMP to facilitate the transport of these molecules to the termini of cell extensions and there enhance cancer invasion of soft connective tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aiman Ali
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masoud Norouzi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Ding
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sevil Abbasi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamma D Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy H F Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences Department, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Ahangar P, Strudwick XL, Cowin AJ. Wound Healing from an Actin Cytoskeletal Perspective. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a041235. [PMID: 35074864 PMCID: PMC9341468 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing requires a complex cascade of highly controlled and conserved cellular and molecular processes. These involve numerous cell types and extracellular matrix molecules regulated by the actin cytoskeleton. This microscopic network of filaments is present within the cytoplasm of all cells and provides the shape and mechanical support required for cell movement and proliferation. Here, an overview of the processes of wound healing are described from the perspective of the cell in relation to the actin cytoskeleton. Key points of discussion include the role of actin, its binding proteins, signaling pathways, and events that play significant roles in the phases of wound healing. The identification of cytoskeletal targets that can be used to manipulate and improve wound healing is included as an emerging area of focus that may inform future therapeutic approaches to improve healing of complex wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Ahangar
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Strudwick
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Future Industries Institute, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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5
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Strudwick XL, Cowin AJ. Multifunctional Roles of the Actin-Binding Protein Flightless I in Inflammation, Cancer and Wound Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603508. [PMID: 33330501 PMCID: PMC7732498 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Flightless I is an actin-binding member of the gelsolin family of actin-remodeling proteins that inhibits actin polymerization but does not possess actin severing ability. Flightless I functions as a regulator of many cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration all of which are important for many physiological processes including wound repair, cancer progression and inflammation. More than simply facilitating cytoskeletal rearrangements, Flightless I has other important roles in the regulation of gene transcription within the nucleus where it interacts with nuclear hormone receptors to modulate cellular activities. In conjunction with key binding partners Leucine rich repeat in the Flightless I interaction proteins (LRRFIP)1/2, Flightless I acts both synergistically and competitively to regulate a wide range of cellular signaling including interacting with two of the most important inflammatory pathways, the NLRP3 inflammasome and the MyD88-TLR4 pathways. In this review we outline the current knowledge about this important cytoskeletal protein and describe its many functions across a range of health conditions and pathologies. We provide perspectives for future development of Flightless I as a potential target for clinical translation and insights into potential therapeutic approaches to manipulate Flightless I functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthe L Strudwick
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
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6
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Pintér R, Huber T, Bukovics P, Gaszler P, Vig AT, Tóth MÁ, Gazsó-Gerhát G, Farkas D, Migh E, Mihály J, Bugyi B. The Activities of the Gelsolin Homology Domains of Flightless-I in Actin Dynamics. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:575077. [PMID: 33033719 PMCID: PMC7509490 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.575077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flightless-I is a unique member of the gelsolin superfamily alloying six gelsolin homology domains and leucine-rich repeats. Flightless-I is an established regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, however, its biochemical activities in actin dynamics are still largely elusive. To better understand the biological functioning of Flightless-I we studied the actin activities of Drosophila Flightless-I by in vitro bulk fluorescence spectroscopy and single filament fluorescence microscopy, as well as in vivo genetic approaches. Flightless-I was found to interact with actin and affects actin dynamics in a calcium-independent fashion in vitro. Our work identifies the first three gelsolin homology domains (1–3) of Flightless-I as the main actin-binding site; neither the other three gelsolin homology domains (4–6) nor the leucine-rich repeats bind actin. Flightless-I inhibits polymerization by high-affinity (∼nM) filament barbed end capping, moderately facilitates nucleation by low-affinity (∼μM) monomer binding, and does not sever actin filaments. Our work reveals that in the presence of profilin Flightless-I is only able to cap actin filament barbed ends but fails to promote actin assembly. In line with the in vitro data, while gelsolin homology domains 4–6 have no effect on in vivo actin polymerization, overexpression of gelsolin homology domains 1–3 prevents the formation of various types of actin cables in the developing Drosophila egg chambers. We also show that the gelsolin homology domains 4–6 of Flightless-I interact with the C-terminus of Drosophila Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis formin and negatively regulates its actin assembly activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Pintér
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Huber
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Bukovics
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Gaszler
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Teréz Vig
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mónika Ágnes Tóth
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Gazsó-Gerhát
- Biological Research Centre Szeged, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary.,Faculty of Science and Informatics, Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Farkas
- Biological Research Centre Szeged, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ede Migh
- Biological Research Centre Szeged, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Mihály
- Biological Research Centre Szeged, Institute of Genetics, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bugyi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Center, Pécs, Hungary
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7
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Nakajima K, Arora PD, Plaha A, McCulloch CA. Role of the small GTPase activating protein IQGAP1 in collagen phagocytosis. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1270-1280. [PMID: 32643295 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Many adult connective tissues undergo continuous remodeling to maintain matrix homeostasis. Physiological remodeling involves the degradation of collagen fibers by the intracellular cathepsin-dependent phagocytic pathway. We considered that a multidomain, small GTPase activating protein, IQGAP1, which is involved in the generation of cell extensions, is required for collagen phagocytosis, possibly arising from its interactions with cdc42 and the actin-binding protein Flightless I (FliI). We examined the role of IQGAP1 in collagen phagocytosis by human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and by IQGAP1+/+ and IQGAP1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts. IQGAP1 was strongly expressed by HGFs, localized to vinculin-stained cell adhesions and sites where cell extensions are initiated, and colocalized with FliI. Immunoprecipitation showed that IQGAP1 associated with FliI. HGFs showed 10-fold increases of collagen binding, 6-fold higher internalization, and 3-fold higher β1 integrin activation between 30 and 180 min after incubation with collagen. Compared with IQGAP1+/+ fibroblasts, deletion of IQGAP1 reduced collagen binding (1.4-fold), collagen internalization (3-fold), β1 integrin activation (2-fold), and collagen degradation (1.8-fold). We conclude that IQGAP1 affects collagen remodeling through its regulation of phagocytic degradation pathways, which may involve the interaction of IQGAP1 with FliI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pamela D Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ajay Plaha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Arora PD, Nakajima K, Nanda A, Plaha A, Wilde A, Sacks DB, McCulloch CA. Flightless anchors IQGAP1 and R-ras to mediate cell extension formation and matrix remodeling. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1595-1610. [PMID: 32432944 PMCID: PMC7521798 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tractional remodeling of collagen fibrils by fibroblasts requires long cell extensions that mediate fibril alignment. The formation of these cell extensions involves flightless I (FliI), an actin-binding protein that contains a leucine-rich-repeat (LRR), which binds R-ras and may regulate cdc42. We considered that FliI interacts with small GTPases and their regulators to mediate assembly of cell extensions. Mass spectrometry analyses of FliI immunoprecipitates showed abundant Ras GTPase-activating-like protein (IQGAP1), which in immunostained samples colocalized with FliI at cell adhesions. Knockdown of IQGAP1 reduced the numbers of cell extensions and the alignment of collagen fibrils. In experiments using dominant negative mutants, cdc42 activity was required for the formation of short extensions while R-ras was required for the formation of long extensions. Immunoprecipitation of wild-type and mutant constructs showed that IQGAP1 associated with cdc42 and R-ras; this association required the GAP-related domain (1004–1237 aa) of IQGAP1. In cells transfected with FliI mutants, the LRR of FliI, but not its gelsolin-like domains, mediated association with cdc42, R-ras, and IQGAP1. We conclude that FliI interacts with IQGAP1 and co-ordinates with cdc42 and R-ras to control the formation of cell extensions that enable collagen tractional remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - K Nakajima
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - A Nanda
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - A Plaha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - A Wilde
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - D B Sacks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - C A McCulloch
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
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9
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Chen A, Arora PD, Lai CC, Copeland JW, Moraes TF, McCulloch CA, Lavoie BD, Wilde A. The scaffold-protein IQGAP1 enhances and spatially restricts the actin-nucleating activity of Diaphanous-related formin 1 (DIAPH1). J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3134-3147. [PMID: 32005666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic array of filaments that undergoes rapid remodeling to drive many cellular processes. An essential feature of filament remodeling is the spatio-temporal regulation of actin filament nucleation. One family of actin filament nucleators, the Diaphanous-related formins, is activated by the binding of small G-proteins such as RhoA. However, RhoA only partially activates formins, suggesting that additional factors are required to fully activate the formin. Here we identify one such factor, IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein-1 (IQGAP1), which enhances RhoA-mediated activation of the Diaphanous-related formin (DIAPH1) and targets DIAPH1 to the plasma membrane. We find that the inhibitory intramolecular interaction within DIAPH1 is disrupted by the sequential binding of RhoA and IQGAP1. Binding of RhoA and IQGAP1 robustly stimulates DIAPH1-mediated actin filament nucleation in vitro In contrast, the actin capping protein Flightless-I, in conjunction with RhoA, only weakly stimulates DIAPH1 activity. IQGAP1, but not Flightless-I, is required to recruit DIAPH1 to the plasma membrane where actin filaments are generated. These results indicate that IQGAP1 enhances RhoA-mediated activation of DIAPH1 in vivo Collectively these data support a model where the combined action of RhoA and an enhancer ensures the spatio-temporal regulation of actin nucleation to stimulate robust and localized actin filament production in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Pam D Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Christine C Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - John W Copeland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Trevor F Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | | | - Brigitte D Lavoie
- Department Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Andrew Wilde
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Department Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.
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10
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Coelho NM, Wang A, McCulloch CA. Discoidin domain receptor 1 interactions with myosin motors contribute to collagen remodeling and tissue fibrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118510. [PMID: 31319111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Discoidin Domain Receptor (DDR) genes and their homologues have been identified in sponges, worms and flies. These genes code for proteins that are implicated in cell adhesion to matrix proteins. DDRs are now recognized as playing central regulatory roles in several high prevalence human diseases, including invasive cancers, atherosclerosis, and organ fibrosis. While the mechanisms by which DDRs contribute to these diseases are just now being delineated, one of the common themes involves cell adhesion to collagen and the assembly and organization of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix. In mammals, the multi-functional roles of DDRs in promoting cell adhesion to collagen fibers and in mediating collagen-dependent signaling, suggest that DDRs contribute to multiple pathways of extracellular matrix remodeling, which are centrally important processes in health and disease. In this review we consider that interactions of the cytoplasmic domains of DDR1 with cytoskeletal motor proteins may contribute to matrix remodeling by promoting collagen fiber alignment and compaction. Poorly controlled collagen remodeling with excessive compaction of matrix proteins is a hallmark of fibrotic lesions in many organs and tissues that are affected by infectious, traumatic or chemical-mediated injury. An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which DDRs mediate collagen remodeling and collagen-dependent signaling could suggest new drug targets for treatment of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Coelho
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C A McCulloch
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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11
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Hinz B, McCulloch CA, Coelho NM. Mechanical regulation of myofibroblast phenoconversion and collagen contraction. Exp Cell Res 2019; 379:119-128. [PMID: 30910400 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activated fibroblasts promote physiological wound repair following tissue injury. However, dysregulation of fibroblast activation contributes to the development of fibrosis by enhanced production and contraction of collagen-rich extracellular matrix. At the peak of their activities, fibroblasts undergo phenotypic conversion into highly contractile myofibroblasts by developing muscle-like features, including formation of contractile actin-myosin bundles. The phenotype and function of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are mechanically regulated by matrix stiffness using a feedback control system that is integrated with the progress of tissue remodelling. The actomyosin contraction machinery and cell-matrix adhesion receptors are critical elements that are needed for mechanosensing by fibroblasts and the translation of mechanical signals into biological responses. Here, we focus on mechanical and chemical regulation of collagen contraction by fibroblasts and the involvement of these factors in their phenotypic conversion to myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
| | | | - Nuno M Coelho
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
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12
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Arora PD, He T, Ng K, McCulloch CA. The leucine-rich region of Flightless I interacts with R-ras to regulate cell extension formation. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2481-2493. [PMID: 30091651 PMCID: PMC6233052 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-03-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flightless I (FliI) is a calcium-dependent, actin severing and capping protein that localizes to cell matrix adhesions, contributes to the generation of cell extensions, and colocalizes with Ras. Currently, the mechanism by which FliI interacts with Ras to enable assembly of actin-based cell protrusions is not defined. R-Ras, but not K-ras, H-ras, or N-ras, associated with the leucine-rich region (LRR) of FliI. Mutations of the proline-rich region of R-ras (P202A, P203A) prevented this association. Knockdown of Ras GTPase-activating SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP1) or Rasgap120 by small interfering RNA inhibited the formation of cell extensions and prevented interaction of R-ras and G3BP1 in FliI wild-type (WT) cells. Pull-down assays using G3BP1 fusion proteins showed a strong association of R-ras with the C-terminus of G3BP1 (amino acids 236-466), which also required the LRR of FliI. In cells that expressed the truncated N-terminus or C-terminus of G3BP1, the formation of cell extensions was blocked. Endogenous Rasgap120 interacted with the N-terminus of G3BP1 (amino acids 1-230). We conclude that in cells plated on collagen FliI-LRR interacts with R-ras to promote cell extension formation and that FliI is required for the interaction of Rasgap120 with G3BP1 to regulate R-ras activity and growth of cell extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Arora
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - T He
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - K Ng
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - C A McCulloch
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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Rauscher AÁ, Gyimesi M, Kovács M, Málnási-Csizmadia A. Targeting Myosin by Blebbistatin Derivatives: Optimization and Pharmacological Potential. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:700-713. [PMID: 30057142 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Blebbistatin is a widely used inhibitor of myosin 2 that enables the study of a broad range of cytoskeleton-related processes. However, blebbistatin has several limitations hindering its applicability: it is fluorescent, poorly water soluble, cytotoxic, and prone to (photo)degradation. Despite these adverse effects, being the only available myosin 2-specific inhibitor, blebbistatin is rather a choice of necessity. Blebbistatin has been modified to improve its properties and some of the new compounds have proven to be useful replacements of the original molecule. This review summarizes recent results on blebbistatin development. We also discuss the pharmacological perspectives of these efforts, as myosins are becoming promising drug target candidates for a variety of conditions ranging from neurodegeneration to muscle disease, wound healing, and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Á Rauscher
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Gyimesi
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Kovács
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - András Málnási-Csizmadia
- Motor Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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14
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Shutova MS, Svitkina TM. Mammalian nonmuscle myosin II comes in three flavors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:394-402. [PMID: 29550471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonmuscle myosin II is an actin-based motor that executes numerous mechanical tasks in cells including spatiotemporal organization of the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion, migration, cytokinesis, tissue remodeling, and membrane trafficking. Nonmuscle myosin II is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells as a tissue-specific combination of three paralogs. Recent studies reveal novel specific aspects of their kinetics, intracellular regulation and functions. On the other hand, the three paralogs also can copolymerize and cooperate in cells. Here we review the recent advances from the prospective of how distinct features of the three myosin II paralogs adapt them to perform specialized and joint tasks in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Shutova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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15
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Arora PD, Di Gregorio M, He P, McCulloch CA. TRPV4 mediates the Ca 2+ influx required for the interaction between flightless-1 and non-muscle myosin, and collagen remodeling. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2196-2208. [PMID: 28526784 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.201665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts remodel extracellular matrix collagen, in part, through phagocytosis. This process requires formation of cell extensions, which in turn involves interaction of the actin-binding protein flightless-1 (FliI) with non-muscle myosin IIA (NMMIIA; heavy chain encoded by MYH9) at cell-matrix adhesion sites. As Ca2+ plays a central role in controlling actomyosin-dependent functions, we examined how Ca2+ controls the generation of cell extensions and collagen remodeling. Ratio fluorimetry demonstrated localized Ca2+ influx at the extensions of fibroblasts. Western blotting and quantitative (q)PCR showed high expression levels of the Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) channel, which co-immunoprecipitated with β1 integrin and localized to adhesions. Treatment with α2β1-integrin-blocking antibody or the TRPV4-specific antagonist AB159908, as well as reduction of TRPV4 expression through means of siRNA, blocked Ca2+ influx. These treatments also inhibited the interaction of FliI with NMMIIA, reduced the number and length of cell extensions, and blocked collagen remodeling. Pulldown assays showed that Ca2+ depletion inhibited the interaction of purified FliI with NMMIIA filaments. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments showed that FliI-NMMIIA interactions require Ca2+ influx. We conclude that Ca2+ influx through the TRPV4 channel regulates FliI-NMMIIA interaction, which in turn enables generation of the cell extensions essential for collagen remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamma D Arora
- University of Toronto, Room 244, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Madeleine Di Gregorio
- University of Toronto, Room 244, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Pei He
- University of Toronto, Room 244, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Christopher A McCulloch
- University of Toronto, Room 244, Fitzgerald Building, 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
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16
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Marei H, Malliri A. GEFs: Dual regulation of Rac1 signaling. Small GTPases 2017; 8:90-99. [PMID: 27314616 PMCID: PMC5464116 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1202635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
GEFs play a critical role in regulating Rac1 signaling. They serve as signaling nodes converting upstream signals into downstream Rac1-driven cellular responses. Through associating with membrane-bound Rac1, GEFs facilitate the exchange of GDP for GTP, thereby activating Rac1. As a result, Rac1 undergoes conformational changes that mediate its interaction with downstream effectors, linking Rac1 to a multitude of physiological and pathological processes. Interestingly, there are at least 20 GEFs involved in Rac1 activation, suggesting a more complex role of GEFs in regulating Rac1 signaling apart from promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP. Indeed, accumulating evidence implicates GEFs in directing the specificity of Rac1-driven signaling cascades, although the underlying mechanisms were poorly defined. Recently, through conducting a comparative study, we highlighted the role of 2 Rac-specific GEFs, Tiam1 and P-Rex1, in dictating the biological outcome downstream of Rac1. Importantly, further proteomic analysis uncovered a GEF activity-independent function for both GEFs in modulating the Rac1 interactome, which results in the stimulation of GEF-specific signaling cascades. Here, we provide an overview of our recent findings and discuss the role of GEFs as master regulators of Rac1 signaling with a particular focus on GEF-mediated modulation of cell migration following Rac1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadir Marei
- Cell Signaling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signaling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Kopecki Z, Yang GN, Jackson JE, Melville EL, Calley MP, Murrell DF, Darby IA, O'Toole EA, Samuel MS, Cowin AJ. Cytoskeletal protein Flightless I inhibits apoptosis, enhances tumor cell invasion and promotes cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma progression. Oncotarget 2017; 6:36426-40. [PMID: 26497552 PMCID: PMC4742187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Flightless I (Flii) is an actin remodeling protein that affects cellular processes including adhesion, proliferation and migration. In order to determine the role of Flii during carcinogenesis, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were induced in Flii heterozygous (Flii+/-), wild-type and Flii overexpressing (FliiTg/Tg) mice by intradermal injection of 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA). Flii levels were further assessed in biopsies from human SCCs and the human SCC cell line (MET-1) was used to determine the effect of Flii on cellular invasion. Flii was highly expressed in human SCC biopsies particularly by the invading cells at the tumor edge. FliiTg/Tg mice developed large, aggressive SCCs in response to MCA. In contrast Flii+/- mice had significantly smaller tumors that were less invasive. Intradermal injection of Flii neutralizing antibodies during SCC initiation and progression significantly reduced the size of the tumors and, in vitro, decreased cellular sphere formation and invasion. Analysis of the tumors from the Flii overexpressing mice showed reduced caspase I and annexin V expression suggesting Flii may negatively regulate apoptosis within these tumors. These studies therefore suggest that Flii enhances SCC tumor progression by decreasing apoptosis and enhancing tumor cell invasion. Targeting Flii may be a potential strategy for reducing the severity of SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Kopecki
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gink N Yang
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica E Jackson
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Melville
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew P Calley
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, St. George Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian A Darby
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Allison J Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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18
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Marei H, Carpy A, Woroniuk A, Vennin C, White G, Timpson P, Macek B, Malliri A. Differential Rac1 signalling by guanine nucleotide exchange factors implicates FLII in regulating Rac1-driven cell migration. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10664. [PMID: 26887924 PMCID: PMC4759627 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 has been implicated in the formation and dissemination of tumours. Upon activation by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Rac1 associates with a variety of proteins in the cell thereby regulating various functions, including cell migration. However, activation of Rac1 can lead to opposing migratory phenotypes raising the possibility of exacerbating tumour progression when targeting Rac1 in a clinical setting. This calls for the identification of factors that influence Rac1-driven cell motility. Here we show that Tiam1 and P-Rex1, two Rac GEFs, promote Rac1 anti- and pro-migratory signalling cascades, respectively, through regulating the Rac1 interactome. In particular, we demonstrate that P-Rex1 stimulates migration through enhancing the interaction between Rac1 and the actin-remodelling protein flightless-1 homologue, to modulate cell contraction in a RhoA-ROCK-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadir Marei
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M204BX, UK
| | - Alejandro Carpy
- Proteome Center Tuebingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72026, Germany
| | - Anna Woroniuk
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M204BX, UK
| | - Claire Vennin
- Invasion and Metastasis Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Gavin White
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M204BX, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- Invasion and Metastasis Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Boris Macek
- Proteome Center Tuebingen, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72026, Germany
| | - Angeliki Malliri
- Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M204BX, UK
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