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Ruijmbeek CW, Housley F, Idrees H, Housley MP, Pestel J, Keller L, Lai JK, van der Linde HC, Willemsen R, Piesker J, Al-Hassnan ZN, Almesned A, Dalinghaus M, van den Bersselaar LM, van Slegtenhorst MA, Tessadori F, Bakkers J, van Ham TJ, Stainier DY, Verhagen JM, Reischauer S. Biallelic variants in FLII cause pediatric cardiomyopathy by disrupting cardiomyocyte cell adhesion and myofibril organization. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e168247. [PMID: 37561591 PMCID: PMC10544232 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cardiomyopathy (CM) represents a group of rare, severe disorders that affect the myocardium. To date, the etiology and mechanisms underlying pediatric CM are incompletely understood, hampering accurate diagnosis and individualized therapy development. Here, we identified biallelic variants in the highly conserved flightless-I (FLII) gene in 3 families with idiopathic, early-onset dilated CM. We demonstrated that patient-specific FLII variants, when brought into the zebrafish genome using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, resulted in the manifestation of key aspects of morphological and functional abnormalities of the heart, as observed in our patients. Importantly, using these genetic animal models, complemented with in-depth loss-of-function studies, we provided insights into the function of Flii during ventricular chamber morphogenesis in vivo, including myofibril organization and cardiomyocyte cell adhesion, as well as trabeculation. In addition, we identified Flii function to be important for the regulation of Notch and Hippo signaling, crucial pathways associated with cardiac morphogenesis and function. Taken together, our data provide experimental evidence for a role for FLII in the pathogenesis of pediatric CM and report biallelic variants as a genetic cause of pediatric CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine W.B. Ruijmbeek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Filomena Housley
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hafiza Idrees
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen/Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michael P. Housley
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jenny Pestel
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Leonie Keller
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jason K.H. Lai
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Herma C. van der Linde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janett Piesker
- Scientific Service Group Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Zuhair N. Al-Hassnan
- Department of Medical Genetics, and
- Cardiovascular Genetics Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Michiel Dalinghaus
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa M. van den Bersselaar
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjon A. van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federico Tessadori
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tjakko J. van Ham
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Didier Y.R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen/Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), RheinMain partner site, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Judith M.A. Verhagen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen/Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), RheinMain partner site, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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2
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Saraswathy VM, Zhou L, McAdow AR, Burris B, Dogra D, Reischauer S, Mokalled MH. Myostatin is a negative regulator of adult neurogenesis after spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111705. [PMID: 36417881 PMCID: PMC9742758 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition of neuronal regeneration obstruct spinal cord (SC) repair in mammals. In contrast, adult zebrafish achieve functional recovery after complete SC transection. While studies of innate SC regeneration have focused on axon regrowth as a primary repair mechanism, how local adult neurogenesis affects functional recovery is unknown. Here, we uncover dynamic expression of zebrafish myostatin b (mstnb) in a niche of dorsal SC progenitors after injury. mstnb mutants show impaired functional recovery, normal glial and axonal bridging across the lesion, and an increase in the profiles of newborn neurons. Molecularly, neuron differentiation genes are upregulated, while the neural stem cell maintenance gene fgf1b is downregulated in mstnb mutants. Finally, we show that human fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) treatment rescues the molecular and cellular phenotypes of mstnb mutants. These studies uncover unanticipated neurogenic functions for mstnb and establish the importance of local adult neurogenesis for innate SC repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Muraleedharan Saraswathy
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anthony R McAdow
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brooke Burris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deepika Dogra
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; Medical Clinic I, (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; The Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mayssa H Mokalled
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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3
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Mattonet K, Riemslagh FW, Guenther S, Prummel KD, Kesavan G, Hans S, Ebersberger I, Brand M, Burger A, Reischauer S, Mosimann C, Stainier DYR. Endothelial versus pronephron fate decision is modulated by the transcription factors Cloche/Npas4l, Tal1, and Lmo2. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabn2082. [PMID: 36044573 PMCID: PMC9432843 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial specification is a key event during embryogenesis; however, when, and how, endothelial cells separate from other lineages is poorly understood. In zebrafish, Npas4l is indispensable for endothelial specification by inducing the expression of the transcription factor genes etsrp, tal1, and lmo2. We generated a knock-in reporter in zebrafish npas4l to visualize endothelial progenitors and their derivatives in wild-type and mutant embryos. Unexpectedly, we find that in npas4l mutants, npas4l reporter-expressing cells contribute to the pronephron tubules. Single-cell transcriptomics and live imaging of the early lateral plate mesoderm in wild-type embryos indeed reveals coexpression of endothelial and pronephron markers, a finding confirmed by creERT2-based lineage tracing. Increased contribution of npas4l reporter-expressing cells to pronephron tubules is also observed in tal1 and lmo2 mutants and is reversed in npas4l mutants injected with tal1 mRNA. Together, these data reveal that Npas4l/Tal1/Lmo2 regulate the fate decision between the endothelial and pronephron lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Mattonet
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- DZL (German Center for Lung Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
| | - Fréderike W. Riemslagh
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stefan Guenther
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Karin D. Prummel
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gokul Kesavan
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center (S-BIKF), Frankfurt 60325, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies at TU Dresden (CRTD); Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexa Burger
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
| | - Christian Mosimann
- Section of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, 61231, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- CPI (Cardio Pulmonary Institute), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- DZL (German Center for Lung Research), partner site, 43, D-61231 Bad Nauheim
- Corresponding author.
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4
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Lipps C, Yogeswaran A, McNamara J, Wilhelm J, Truschel T, Aslam M, Reischauer S, Voss S, Keller T, Doerr O, Nef H, Hamm CW, Sadayappan S, Troidl C. C0-C1f region of cardiac myosin binding protein-C induces pro-inflammatory responses in fibroblasts. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C is a protein expressed in the myosin thick filament backbone that was recently described as a novel cardiac biomarker. Its N-terminal region, C0-C1f, is released within the first minutes of ischemia and plays a crucial role in the initiation of inflammation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Long-term C0-C1f exposure induces cardiac fibrosis in transgenic mice; however, the mechanism by which C0-C1f causes fibrosis is unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of C0-C1f on fibroblasts, which are the main contributor to cardiac fibrosis, in vitro. We determined whether C0-C1f directly activates fibroblasts and causes a transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts or induces inflammatory responses. Moreover, we clarify whether other cell types could be involved in inducing fibrosis, i.e. by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon C0-C1f interaction.
Methods
A novel human fibroblast cell line (huFib) was treated with C0-C1f, C0-Linker, TGF-β, or LPS for different time periods. Inflammatory and fibrotic responses were evaluated at the RNA and protein level using different techniques including microarray, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence imaging. For signalling pathway analysis, TLR4 and NFκB were inhibited using chemical compounds TAK-242 or Bay11–0785 respectively.
Results
C0-C1f treatment induced an increase in mRNA corresponding to pro-inflammatory genes in huFib cells (i.a. CXL1 upon 24 hours treatment: 29 fold, p<0.001 and CCL2 4-fold, p<0.001). The mRNA expression levels of pro-fibrotic genes such as ACTA2 or COL1A1, which were upregulated by TGF-β, were not reduced by C0-C1f (ACTA2 induced by TGF-β: 3,8 fold, p<0.001, co-stimulation with C0-C1f: 1,8 fold, p=0.11 compared to control; COL1A1 induced by TGF-β: 2,94 fold, p<0.001, co-stimulation with C0-C1f: 2.09 fold (p<0.01) compared to control. Interestingly, co-stimulation of fibroblasts with C0-C1f and TGF-β led also to markedly lower inflammatory response compared to C0-C1f treatment alone (CXCL1 induction upon co-stimulation: 2,0 fold, p<0.001, CCL2: 1,9 fold, p=0.001, which is a reduction by 27 fold, p<0.001 or 2 fold, p=0.002, respectively). Inhibition of TLR4 or NFκB signaling diminished C0-C1f-mediated inflammatory responses.
Conclusion
C0-C1f induces inflammation in fibroblasts via TLR4/NFκB signalling pathway. Downregulation of C0-C1f mediated inflammatory responses upon co-stimulation with TGF-β suggests crosstalk between the two signaling pathways. Contrary, C0-C1f reduced TGF-β mediated pro-fibrotic responses reflected by conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts was not observed. Taken together, these data are consistent with the idea that C0-C1f might play a key role in the early initiation of inflammation upon myocardial infarction, also in fibroblasts, and that TGF-β acts as a counterpart at later stages of cardiac remodeling.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): William G. Kerckhoff Stiftung für wissenschaftliche Forschung und Fortbildung
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lipps
- Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Experimental Cardiology, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Yogeswaran
- Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Experimental Cardiology, Giessen, Germany
| | - J McNamara
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - J Wilhelm
- Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | | | - M Aslam
- Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Experimental Cardiology, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Reischauer
- Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Experimental Cardiology, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Voss
- Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - T Keller
- Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - O Doerr
- UKGM Giessen, Cardiology and Angiology, Giessen, Germany
| | - H Nef
- UKGM Giessen, Cardiology and Angiology, Giessen, Germany
| | - C W Hamm
- Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Sadayappan
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Cincinnati, United States of America
| | - C Troidl
- Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Experimental Cardiology, Giessen, Germany
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5
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Allanki S, Strilic B, Scheinberger L, Onderwater YL, Marks A, Günther S, Preussner J, Kikhi K, Looso M, Stainier DYR, Reischauer S. Interleukin-11 signaling promotes cellular reprogramming and limits fibrotic scarring during tissue regeneration. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabg6497. [PMID: 34516874 PMCID: PMC8442930 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Damage-induced fibrotic scarring limits tissue regeneration in mammals and is a leading cause of morbidity. In contrast, species like zebrafish can regenerate damaged tissues without excessive fibrosis. However, whether specific signaling pathways can both limit fibrosis and promote regeneration is unclear. Here, we show that interleukin-11 (Il-11)/Stat3 signaling has such a dual function. Zebrafish lacking Il-11 receptor function display severely compromised heart, fin, and scale regeneration. Deep phenotyping and transcriptional analysis of adult hearts and fins show that Il-11 signaling drives cellular reprogramming to orchestrate global and tissue-specific regenerative programs and broadly antagonizes hallmarks of adult mammalian scarring. Mechanistically, our data indicate that IL-11 signaling in endothelial cells antagonizes profibrotic transforming growth factor–β signaling and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, limiting scarring and promoting cardiomyocyte repopulation, after injury. Overall, our findings position damage-induced Il-11/Stat3 signaling in a key role limiting fibrosis and promoting regeneration, revealing novel targets for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Allanki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Lilly Scheinberger
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yeszamin L. Onderwater
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alora Marks
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jens Preussner
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Khrievono Kikhi
- Flow Cytometry Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Medical Clinic I (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany
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6
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Liu KC, Villasenor A, Bertuzzi M, Schmitner N, Radros N, Rautio L, Mattonet K, Matsuoka RL, Reischauer S, Stainier DY, Andersson O. Insulin-producing β-cells regenerate ectopically from a mesodermal origin under the perturbation of hemato-endothelial specification. eLife 2021; 10:65758. [PMID: 34403334 PMCID: PMC8370765 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of the vasculature in pancreatic β-cell regeneration, we crossed a zebrafish β-cell ablation model into the avascular npas4l mutant (i.e. cloche). Surprisingly, β-cell regeneration increased markedly in npas4l mutants owing to the ectopic differentiation of β-cells in the mesenchyme, a phenotype not previously reported in any models. The ectopic β-cells expressed endocrine markers of pancreatic β-cells, and also responded to glucose with increased calcium influx. Through lineage tracing, we determined that the vast majority of these ectopic β-cells has a mesodermal origin. Notably, ectopic β-cells were found in npas4l mutants as well as following knockdown of the endothelial/myeloid determinant Etsrp. Together, these data indicate that under the perturbation of endothelial/myeloid specification, mesodermal cells possess a remarkable plasticity enabling them to form β-cells, which are normally endodermal in origin. Understanding the restriction of this differentiation plasticity will help exploit an alternative source for β-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alethia Villasenor
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Maria Bertuzzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Schmitner
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niki Radros
- Dermatology and Venereology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linn Rautio
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenny Mattonet
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Frankfurt, Germany; Medical Clinic I, (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Barz CS, Garderes PM, Ganea DA, Reischauer S, Feldmeyer D, Haiss F. Functional and Structural Properties of Highly Responsive Somatosensory Neurons in Mouse Barrel Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4533-4553. [PMID: 33963394 PMCID: PMC8408454 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparse population activity is a well-known feature of supragranular sensory neurons in neocortex. The mechanisms underlying sparseness are not well understood because a direct link between the neurons activated in vivo, and their cellular properties investigated in vitro has been missing. We used two-photon calcium imaging to identify a subset of neurons in layer L2/3 (L2/3) of mouse primary somatosensory cortex that are highly active following principal whisker vibrotactile stimulation. These high responders (HRs) were then tagged using photoconvertible green fluorescent protein for subsequent targeting in the brain slice using intracellular patch-clamp recordings and biocytin staining. This approach allowed us to investigate the structural and functional properties of HRs that distinguish them from less active control cells. Compared to less responsive L2/3 neurons, HRs displayed increased levels of stimulus-evoked and spontaneous activity, elevated noise and spontaneous pairwise correlations, and stronger coupling to the population response. Intrinsic excitability was reduced in HRs, while we found no evidence for differences in other electrophysiological and morphological parameters. Thus, the choice of which neurons participate in stimulus encoding may be determined largely by network connectivity rather than by cellular structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Barz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-10, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance - Translational Brain Medicine, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,IZKF Aachen, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - P M Garderes
- IZKF Aachen, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Unit of Neural Circuits Dynamics and Decision Making, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - D A Ganea
- IZKF Aachen, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Biomedical Department, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Reischauer
- Medical Clinic I, (Cardiology/Angiology) and Campus Kerckhoff, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen Germany.,Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - D Feldmeyer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-10, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance - Translational Brain Medicine, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Haiss
- IZKF Aachen, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Unit of Neural Circuits Dynamics and Decision Making, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
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8
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Marass M, Beisaw A, Gerri C, Luzzani F, Fukuda N, Günther S, Kuenne C, Reischauer S, Stainier DYR. Genome-wide strategies reveal target genes of Npas4l associated with vascular development in zebrafish. Development 2019; 146:dev.173427. [PMID: 31097478 DOI: 10.1242/dev.173427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of a vascular network is essential to nourish tissues and sustain organ function throughout life. Endothelial cells (ECs) are the building blocks of blood vessels, yet our understanding of EC specification remains incomplete. Zebrafish cloche/npas4l mutants have been used broadly as an avascular model, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of action of the Npas4l transcription factor. Here, to identify its direct and indirect target genes, we have combined complementary genome-wide approaches, including transcriptome analyses and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The cross-analysis of these datasets indicates that Npas4l functions as a master regulator by directly inducing a group of transcription factor genes that are crucial for hematoendothelial specification, such as etv2, tal1 and lmo2 We also identified new targets of Npas4l and investigated the function of a subset of them using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Phenotypic characterization of tspan18b mutants reveals a novel player in developmental angiogenesis, confirming the reliability of the datasets generated. Collectively, these data represent a useful resource for future studies aimed to better understand EC fate determination and vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Marass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Arica Beisaw
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Claudia Gerri
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Francesca Luzzani
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Nana Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
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9
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Boskovic S, Marín-Juez R, Jasnic J, Reischauer S, El Sammak H, Kojic A, Faulkner G, Radojkovic D, Stainier DYR, Kojic S. Characterization of zebrafish (Danio rerio) muscle ankyrin repeat proteins reveals their conserved response to endurance exercise. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204312. [PMID: 30252882 PMCID: PMC6155536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle proteins with ankyrin repeats (MARPs) ANKRD1 and ANKRD2 are titin-associated proteins with a putative role as transcriptional co-regulators in striated muscle, involved in the cellular response to mechanical, oxidative and metabolic stress. Since many aspects of the biology of MARPs, particularly exact mechanisms of their action, in striated muscle are still elusive, research in this field will benefit from novel animal model system. Here we investigated the MARPs found in zebrafish for protein structure, evolutionary conservation, spatiotemporal expression profiles and response to increased muscle activity. Ankrd1 and Ankrd2 show overall moderate conservation at the protein level, more pronounced in the region of ankyrin repeats, motifs indispensable for their function. The two zebrafish genes, ankrd1a and ankrd1b, counterparts of mammalian ANKRD1/Ankrd1, have different expression profiles during first seven days of development. Mild increase of ankrd1a transcript levels was detected at 72 hpf (1.74±0.24 fold increase relative to 24 hpf time point), while ankrd1b expression was markedly upregulated from 24 hpf onward and peaked at 72 hpf (92.18±36.95 fold increase relative to 24 hpf time point). Spatially, they exhibited non-overlapping expression patterns during skeletal muscle development in trunk (ankrd1a) and tail (ankrd1b) somites. Expression of ankrd2 was barely detectable. Zebrafish MARPs, expressed at a relatively low level in adult striated muscle, were found to be responsive to endurance exercise training consisting of two bouts of 3 hours of forced swimming daily, for five consecutive days. Three hours after the last exercise bout, ankrd1a expression increased in cardiac muscle (6.19±5.05 fold change), while ankrd1b and ankrd2 were upregulated in skeletal muscle (1.97±1.05 and 1.84±0.58 fold change, respectively). This study provides the foundation to establish zebrafish as a novel in vivo model for further investigation of MARPs function in striated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Boskovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jovana Jasnic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hadil El Sammak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ana Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dragica Radojkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Snezana Kojic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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10
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Uribe V, Ramadass R, Dogra D, Rasouli SJ, Gunawan F, Nakajima H, Chiba A, Reischauer S, Mochizuki N, Stainier DYR. In vivo analysis of cardiomyocyte proliferation during trabeculation. Development 2018; 145:145/14/dev164194. [PMID: 30061167 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte proliferation is crucial for cardiac growth, patterning and regeneration; however, few studies have investigated the behavior of dividing cardiomyocytes in vivo Here, we use time-lapse imaging of beating hearts in combination with the FUCCI system to monitor the behavior of proliferating cardiomyocytes in developing zebrafish. Confirming in vitro observations, sarcomere disassembly, as well as changes in cell shape and volume, precede cardiomyocyte cytokinesis. Notably, cardiomyocytes in zebrafish embryos and young larvae mostly divide parallel to the myocardial wall in both the compact and trabecular layers, and cardiomyocyte proliferation is more frequent in the trabecular layer. While analyzing known regulators of cardiomyocyte proliferation, we observed that the Nrg/ErbB2 and TGFβ signaling pathways differentially affect compact and trabecular layer cardiomyocytes, indicating that distinct mechanisms drive proliferation in these two layers. In summary, our data indicate that, in zebrafish, cardiomyocyte proliferation is essential for trabecular growth, but not initiation, and set the stage to further investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Uribe
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Deepika Dogra
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Ayano Chiba
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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11
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Guerra A, Germano RF, Stone O, Arnaout R, Guenther S, Ahuja S, Uribe V, Vanhollebeke B, Stainier DY, Reischauer S. Distinct myocardial lineages break atrial symmetry during cardiogenesis in zebrafish. eLife 2018; 7:32833. [PMID: 29762122 PMCID: PMC5953537 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ultimate formation of a four-chambered heart allowing the separation of the pulmonary and systemic circuits was key for the evolutionary success of tetrapods. Complex processes of cell diversification and tissue morphogenesis allow the left and right cardiac compartments to become distinct but remain poorly understood. Here, we describe an unexpected laterality in the single zebrafish atrium analogous to that of the two atria in amniotes, including mammals. This laterality appears to derive from an embryonic antero-posterior asymmetry revealed by the expression of the transcription factor gene meis2b. In adult zebrafish hearts, meis2b expression is restricted to the left side of the atrium where it controls the expression of pitx2c, a regulator of left atrial identity in mammals. Altogether, our studies suggest that the multi-chambered atrium in amniotes arose from a molecular blueprint present before the evolutionary emergence of cardiac septation and provide insights into the establishment of atrial asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almary Guerra
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Raoul Fv Germano
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Oliver Stone
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Stefan Guenther
- ECCPS Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Suchit Ahuja
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Verónica Uribe
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Benoit Vanhollebeke
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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12
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Dogra D, Ahuja S, Kim HT, Rasouli SJ, Stainier DYR, Reischauer S. Opposite effects of Activin type 2 receptor ligands on cardiomyocyte proliferation during development and repair. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1902. [PMID: 29196619 PMCID: PMC5711791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish regenerate damaged myocardial tissue very effectively. Hence, insights into the molecular networks underlying zebrafish heart regeneration might help develop alternative strategies to restore human cardiac performance. While TGF-β signaling has been implicated in zebrafish cardiac regeneration, the role of its individual ligands remains unclear. Here, we report the opposing expression response during zebrafish heart regeneration of two genes, mstnb and inhbaa, which encode TGF-β family ligands. Using gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) approaches, we show that these ligands mediate inverse effects on cardiac regeneration and specifically on cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation. Notably, we find that Inhbaa functions as a CM mitogen and that its overexpression leads to accelerated cardiac recovery and scar clearance after injury. In contrast, mstnb GOF and inhbaa LOF both lead to unresolved scarring after cardiac injury. We further show that Mstnb and Inhbaa inversely control Smad2 and Smad3 transcription factor activities through alternate Activin type 2 receptors. Zebrafish can regenerate damaged myocardial tissue but it is unclear how this is regulated. Here, the authors show that two TGF-β family members, Mstnb and Inhbaa, have opposite effects in regeneration, with mstnb overexpression or inhbaa loss-of-function causing cardiac scarring after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dogra
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Suchit Ahuja
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA.
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13
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Gut P, Reischauer S, Stainier DYR, Arnaout R. LITTLE FISH, BIG DATA: ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:889-938. [PMID: 28468832 PMCID: PMC5817164 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases worldwide is staggering. The emergence of systems approaches in biology promises new therapies, faster and cheaper diagnostics, and personalized medicine. However, a profound understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels remains a fundamental requirement for discovery and therapeutics. Animal models of human disease are cornerstones of drug discovery as they allow identification of novel pharmacological targets by linking gene function with pathogenesis. The zebrafish model has been used for decades to study development and pathophysiology. More than ever, the specific strengths of the zebrafish model make it a prime partner in an age of discovery transformed by big-data approaches to genomics and disease. Zebrafish share a largely conserved physiology and anatomy with mammals. They allow a wide range of genetic manipulations, including the latest genome engineering approaches. They can be bred and studied with remarkable speed, enabling a range of large-scale phenotypic screens. Finally, zebrafish demonstrate an impressive regenerative capacity scientists hope to unlock in humans. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide on applications of zebrafish to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We delineate advantages and limitations of zebrafish models of human disease and summarize their most significant contributions to understanding disease progression to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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14
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Reischauer S, Stone OA, Villasenor A, Chi N, Jin SW, Martin M, Lee MT, Fukuda N, Marass M, Witty A, Fiddes I, Kuo T, Chung WS, Salek S, Lerrigo R, Alsiö J, Luo S, Tworus D, Augustine SM, Mucenieks S, Nystedt B, Giraldez AJ, Schroth GP, Andersson O, Stainier DYR. Cloche is a bHLH-PAS transcription factor that drives haemato-vascular specification. Nature 2016; 535:294-8. [PMID: 27411634 DOI: 10.1038/nature18614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular and haematopoietic cells organize into specialized tissues during early embryogenesis to supply essential nutrients to all organs and thus play critical roles in development and disease. At the top of the haemato-vascular specification cascade lies cloche, a gene that when mutated in zebrafish leads to the striking phenotype of loss of most endothelial and haematopoietic cells and a significant increase in cardiomyocyte numbers. Although this mutant has been analysed extensively to investigate mesoderm diversification and differentiation and continues to be broadly used as a unique avascular model, the isolation of the cloche gene has been challenging due to its telomeric location. Here we used a deletion allele of cloche to identify several new cloche candidate genes within this genomic region, and systematically genome-edited each candidate. Through this comprehensive interrogation, we succeeded in isolating the cloche gene and discovered that it encodes a PAS-domain-containing bHLH transcription factor, and that it is expressed in a highly specific spatiotemporal pattern starting during late gastrulation. Gain-of-function experiments show that it can potently induce endothelial gene expression. Epistasis experiments reveal that it functions upstream of etv2 and tal1, the earliest expressed endothelial and haematopoietic transcription factor genes identified to date. A mammalian cloche orthologue can also rescue blood vessel formation in zebrafish cloche mutants, indicating a highly conserved role in vertebrate vasculogenesis and haematopoiesis. The identification of this master regulator of endothelial and haematopoietic fate enhances our understanding of early mesoderm diversification and may lead to improved protocols for the generation of endothelial and haematopoietic cells in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Reischauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Oliver A Stone
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Alethia Villasenor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Neil Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marcel Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna 17121, Sweden
| | - Miler T Lee
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Nana Fukuda
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Michele Marass
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Alec Witty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Ian Fiddes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Taiyi Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sherveen Salek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Lerrigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jessica Alsiö
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shujun Luo
- Illumina, San Diego, California 92122, USA
| | - Dominika Tworus
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Sruthy M Augustine
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Sophie Mucenieks
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Björn Nystedt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden
| | - Antonio J Giraldez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | | | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
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15
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Ahuja S, Dogra D, Stainier DYR, Reischauer S. Id4 functions downstream of Bmp signaling to restrict TCF function in endocardial cells during atrioventricular valve development. Dev Biol 2016; 412:71-82. [PMID: 26892463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The atrioventricular canal (AVC) connects the atrial and ventricular chambers of the heart and its formation is critical for the development of the cardiac valves, chamber septation and formation of the cardiac conduction system. Consequently, problems in AVC formation can lead to congenital defects ranging from cardiac arrhythmia to incomplete cardiac septation. While our knowledge about early heart tube formation is relatively comprehensive, much remains to be investigated about the genes that regulate AVC formation. Here we identify a new role for the basic helix-loop-helix factor Id4 in zebrafish AVC valve development and function. id4 is first expressed in the AVC endocardium and later becomes more highly expressed in the atrial chamber. TALEN induced inactivation of id4 causes retrograde blood flow at the AV canal under heat induced stress conditions, indicating defects in AV valve function. At the molecular level, we found that id4 inactivation causes misexpression of several genes important for AVC and AV valve formation including bmp4 and spp1. We further show that id4 appears to control the number of endocardial cells that contribute to the AV valves by regulating Wnt signaling in the developing AVC endocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchit Ahuja
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Deepika Dogra
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.
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16
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Abstract
Use of the zebrafish model system for studying development, regeneration, and disease is expanding toward use of adult hearts for cell dissociation and purification of RNA, DNA, and proteins. All of these applications demand the rapid recovery of significant numbers of zebrafish hearts to avoid gene regulatory, metabolic, and other changes that begin after death. Adult zebrafish hearts are also required for studying heart structure for a variety of mutants and for studying heart regeneration. However, the traditional zebrafish heart dissection is slow and difficult and requires specialized tools, making large-scale dissection of adult zebrafish hearts tedious. Traditional methods also harbor the risk of damaging the heart during the dissection. Here, we describe a method for dissection of adult zebrafish hearts that is fast, reproducible, and preserves heart architecture. Furthermore, this method does not require specialized tools, is painless for the zebrafish, can be performed on fresh or fixed specimens, and can be performed on zebrafish as young as one month old. The approach described expands the use of adult zebrafish for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Arnaout
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, University of California San Francisco;
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department for Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco; Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department for Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco; Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research
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17
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Housley MP, Reischauer S, Dieu M, Raes M, Stainier DYR, Vanhollebeke B. Translational profiling through biotinylation of tagged ribosomes in zebrafish. Development 2014; 141:3988-93. [PMID: 25231762 DOI: 10.1242/dev.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity within a population of cells of the same type is a common theme in metazoan biology. Dissecting complex developmental and physiological processes crucially relies on our ability to probe the expression profile of these cell subpopulations. Current strategies rely on cell enrichment based on sequential or simultaneous use of multiple intersecting markers starting from a heterogeneous cell suspension. The extensive tissue manipulations required to generate single-cell suspensions, as well as the complexity of the required equipment, inherently complicate these approaches. Here, we propose an alternative methodology based on a genetically encoded system in the model organism Danio rerio (zebrafish). In transgenic fish, we take advantage of the combinatorial biotin transfer system, where polysome-associated mRNAs are selectively recovered from cells expressing both a tagged ribosomal subunit, Rpl10a, and the bacterial biotin ligase BirA. We have applied this technique to skeletal muscle development and identified new genes with interesting temporal expression patterns. Through this work we have thus developed additional tools for highly specific gene expression profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Housley
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Marc Dieu
- URBC-Narilis, University of Namur, Namur B-5000, Belgium
| | - Martine Raes
- URBC-Narilis, University of Namur, Namur B-5000, Belgium
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Reischauer S, Arnaout R, Ramadass R, Stainier DYR. Actin binding GFP allows 4D in vivo imaging of myofilament dynamics in the zebrafish heart and the identification of Erbb2 signaling as a remodeling factor of myofibril architecture. Circ Res 2014; 115:845-56. [PMID: 25228389 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dilated cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of congestive heart failure and a debilitating complication of antineoplastic therapies. Despite disparate causes for dilated cardiomyopathy, maladaptive cardiac remodeling and decreased systolic function are common clinical consequences, begging an investigation of in vivo contractile dynamics in development and disease, one that has been impossible to date. OBJECTIVE To image myocardial contractile filament dynamics in vivo and to assess potential causes of dilated cardiomyopathy in antineoplastic therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor Erbb2. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a transgenic zebrafish line expressing an actin-binding green fluorescent protein in cardiomyocytes, allowing an in vivo imaging of myofilaments. Analysis of this line revealed architectural differences in myofibrils of the distinct cardiomyocyte subtypes. We used this model to investigate the effects of Erbb2 signaling on myofibrillar organization because drugs targeting ERBB2 (HER2/NEU) signaling, a mainstay of breast cancer chemotherapy, cause dilated cardiomyopathy in many patients. High-resolution in vivo imaging revealed that Erbb2 signaling regulates a switch between a dense apical network of filamentous myofibrils and the assembly of basally localized myofibrils in ventricular cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Using this novel line, we compiled a reference for myofibrillar microarchitecture among myocardial subtypes in vivo and at different developmental stages, establishing this model as a tool to analyze in vivo cardiomyocyte contractility and remodeling for a broad range of cardiovascular questions. Furthermore, we applied this model to study Erbb2 signaling in cardiomyopathy. We show a direct link between Erbb2 activity and remodeling of myofibrils, revealing an unexpected mechanism with potentially important implications for prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Reischauer
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (S.R., D.Y.R.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.A.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.R., R.R., D.Y.R.S.).
| | - Rima Arnaout
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (S.R., D.Y.R.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.A.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.R., R.R., D.Y.R.S.)
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (S.R., D.Y.R.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.A.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.R., R.R., D.Y.R.S.)
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (S.R., D.Y.R.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute (R.A.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (S.R., R.R., D.Y.R.S.).
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Reischauer S, Levesque MP, Nüsslein-Volhard C, Sonawane M. Lgl2 executes its function as a tumor suppressor by regulating ErbB signaling in the zebrafish epidermis. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000720. [PMID: 19911055 PMCID: PMC2771016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in tissue homeostasis, acquisition of invasive cell characteristics, and tumor formation can often be linked to the loss of epithelial cell polarity. In carcinogenesis, the grade of neoplasia correlates with impaired cell polarity. In Drosophila, lethal giant larvae (lgl), discs large (dlg), and scribble, which are components of the epithelial apico-basal cell polarity machinery, act as tumor suppressors, and orthologs of this evolutionary conserved pathway are lost in human carcinoma with high frequency. However, a mechanistic link between neoplasia and vertebrate orthologs of these tumor-suppressor genes remains to be fully explored at the organismal level. Here, we show that the pen/lgl2 mutant phenotype shares two key cellular and molecular features of mammalian malignancy: cell autonomous epidermal neoplasia and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) of basal epidermal cells including the differential expression of several regulators of EMT. Further, we found that epidermal neoplasia and EMT in pen/lgl2 mutant epidermal cells is promoted by ErbB signalling, a pathway of high significance in human carcinomas. Intriguingly, EMT in the pen/lgl2 mutant is facilitated specifically by ErbB2 mediated E-cadherin mislocalization and not via canonical snail-dependent down-regulation of E-cadherin expression. Our data reveal that pen/lgl2 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in vertebrates, establishing zebrafish pen/lgl2 mutants as a valuable cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Reischauer
- Max-Planck Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Department of Genetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mitchell P. Levesque
- Max-Planck Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Department of Genetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Mahendra Sonawane
- Max-Planck Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie, Department of Genetics, Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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