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Neiman AM. Membrane and organelle rearrangement during ascospore formation in budding yeast. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024:e0001324. [PMID: 38899894 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00013-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIn ascomycete fungi, sexual spores, termed ascospores, are formed after meiosis. Ascospore formation is an unusual cell division in which daughter cells are created within the cytoplasm of the mother cell by de novo generation of membranes that encapsulate each of the haploid chromosome sets created by meiosis. This review describes the molecular events underlying the creation, expansion, and closure of these membranes in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of gene expression and the dynamic behavior of different membrane-bound organelles during this process are detailed. While less is known about ascospore formation in other systems, comparison to the distantly related fission yeast suggests that the molecular events will be broadly similar throughout the ascomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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2
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Koch LB, Spanos C, Kelly V, Ly T, Marston AL. Rewiring of the phosphoproteome executes two meiotic divisions in budding yeast. EMBO J 2024; 43:1351-1383. [PMID: 38413836 PMCID: PMC10987667 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is ordered by a controlled network of kinases and phosphatases. To generate gametes via meiosis, two distinct and sequential chromosome segregation events occur without an intervening S phase. How canonical cell cycle controls are modified for meiosis is not well understood. Here, using highly synchronous budding yeast populations, we reveal how the global proteome and phosphoproteome change during the meiotic divisions. While protein abundance changes are limited to key cell cycle regulators, dynamic phosphorylation changes are pervasive. Our data indicate that two waves of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdc28Cdk1) and Polo (Cdc5Polo) kinase activity drive successive meiotic divisions. These two distinct phases of phosphorylation are ensured by the meiosis-specific Spo13 protein, which rewires the phosphoproteome. Spo13 binds to Cdc5Polo to promote phosphorylation in meiosis I, particularly of substrates containing a variant of the canonical Cdc5Polo motif. Overall, our findings reveal that a master regulator of meiosis directs the activity of a kinase to change the phosphorylation landscape and elicit a developmental cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori B Koch
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Van Kelly
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Tony Ly
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Adele L Marston
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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3
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Durant M, Mucelli X, Huang LS. Meiotic Cytokinesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Spores That Just Need Closure. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:132. [PMID: 38392804 PMCID: PMC10890087 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sporulation occurs during starvation of a diploid cell and results in the formation of four haploid spores forming within the mother cell ascus. Meiosis divides the genetic material that is encapsulated by the prospore membrane that grows to surround the haploid nuclei; this membrane will eventually become the plasma membrane of the haploid spore. Cellularization of the spores occurs when the prospore membrane closes to capture the haploid nucleus along with some cytoplasmic material from the mother cell, and thus, closure of the prospore membrane is the meiotic cytokinetic event. This cytokinetic event involves the removal of the leading-edge protein complex, a complex of proteins that localizes to the leading edge of the growing prospore membrane. The development and closure of the prospore membrane must be coordinated with other meiotic exit events such as spindle disassembly. Timing of the closure of the prospore membrane depends on the meiotic exit pathway, which utilizes Cdc15, a Hippo-like kinase, and Sps1, an STE20 family GCKIII kinase, acting in parallel to the E3 ligase Ama1-APC/C. This review describes the sporulation process and focuses on the development of the prospore membrane and the regulation of prospore membrane closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Durant
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Xheni Mucelli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Linda S Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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4
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Benson A, McMurray M. Simultaneous co-overexpression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae septins Cdc3 and Cdc10 drives pervasive, phospholipid-, and tag-dependent plasma membrane localization. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:199-214. [PMID: 37098755 PMCID: PMC10524705 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Septin proteins contribute to many eukaryotic processes involving cellular membranes. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septin hetero-oligomers interact with the plasma membrane (PM) almost exclusively at the future site of cytokinesis. While multiple mechanisms of membrane recruitment have been identified, including direct interactions with specific phospholipids and curvature-sensitive interactions via amphipathic helices, these do not fully explain why yeast septins do not localize all over the inner leaflet of the PM. While engineering an inducible split-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) system to measure the kinetics of yeast septin complex assembly, we found that ectopic co-overexpression of two tagged septins, Cdc3 and Cdc10, resulted in nearly uniform PM localization, as well as perturbation of endogenous septin function. Septin localization and function in gametogenesis were also perturbed. PM localization required the C-terminal YFP fragment fused to the C terminus of Cdc3, the septin-associated kinases Cla4 and Gin4, and phosphotidylinositol-4,5-bis-phosphate (PI[4,5]P2 ), but not the putative PI(4,5)P2 -binding residues in Cdc3. Endogenous Cdc10 was recruited to the PM, likely contributing to the functional interference. PM-localized septins did not exchange with the cytosolic pool, indicative of stable polymers. These findings provide new clues as to what normally restricts septin localization to specific membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleyna Benson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael McMurray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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5
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Schuster T, Geiger H. Septins in Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:801507. [PMID: 34957123 PMCID: PMC8695968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins were first described in yeast. Due to extensive research in non-yeast cells, Septins are now recognized across all species as important players in the regulation of the cytoskeleton, in the establishment of polarity, for migration, vesicular trafficking and scaffolding. Stem cells are primarily quiescent cells, and this actively maintained quiescent state is critical for proper stem cell function. Equally important though, stem cells undergo symmetric or asymmetric division, which is likely linked to the level of symmetry found in the mother stem cell. Due to the ability to organize barriers and be able to break symmetry in cells, Septins are thought to have a significant impact on organizing quiescence as well as the mode (symmetric vs asymmetric) of stem cell division to affect self-renewal versus differentiation. Mechanisms of regulating mammalian quiescence and symmetry breaking by Septins are though still somewhat elusive. Within this overview article, we summarize current knowledge on the role of Septins in stem cells ranging from yeast to mice especially with respect to quiescence and asymmetric division, with a special focus on hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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6
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Abstract
Septins, a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins, are widely recognized as an essential cytoskeletal component, playing important roles in a variety of biological processes, including division, polarity, and membrane remodeling, in different eukaryotes. Although the roles played by septins were identified in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their importance in other fungi, especially pathogenic fungi, have recently been determined. In this review, we summarize the functions of septins in pathogenic fungi in the cell cycle, autophagy, endocytosis and invasion host-microbe interactions that were reported in the last two years in the field of septin cell biology. These new discoveries may be expanded to investigate the functions of septin proteins in fungal pathogenesis and may be of wide interest to the readers of Microbiology and Molecular Pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Spiliotis ET, McMurray MA. Masters of asymmetry - lessons and perspectives from 50 years of septins. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 31:2289-2297. [PMID: 32991244 PMCID: PMC7851956 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Septins are a unique family of GTPases, which were discovered 50 years ago as essential genes for the asymmetric cell shape and division of budding yeast. Septins assemble into filamentous nonpolar polymers, which associate with distinct membrane macrodomains and subpopulations of actin filaments and microtubules. While structurally a cytoskeleton-like element, septins function predominantly as spatial regulators of protein localization and interactions. Septin scaffolds and barriers have provided a long-standing paradigm for the generation and maintenance of asymmetry in cell membranes. Septins also promote asymmetry by regulating the spatial organization of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, and biasing the directionality of membrane traffic. In this 50th anniversary perspective, we highlight how septins have conserved and adapted their roles as effectors of membrane and cytoplasmic asymmetry across fungi and animals. We conclude by outlining principles of septin function as a module of symmetry breaking, which alongside the monomeric small GTPases provides a core mechanism for the biogenesis of molecular asymmetry and cell polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael A McMurray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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8
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Huang J, Chen J, Liu F, He Q, Wu Y, Sun Q, Long M, Li T, Pan G, Zhou Z. Septin homologs cooperating in the Proliferative Stage of Microsporidia Nosema bombycis. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 183:107600. [PMID: 33961882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The single-celled pathogen Nosema bombycis, that can infect silkworm Bombyx mori and other lepidoptera including Spodoptera, is the first identified Microsporidia which has diplokaryotic nuclei throughout the life cycle. Septin proteins can form highly ordered filaments, bundles or ring structures related to the cytokinesis in fungi. Here, three septin proteins (NbSeptin1, NbSeptin2 and NbSeptin3) from Nosema bombycis CQ I are described. These proteins, appear to be conserved within the phylum Microsporidia. NbSeptins transcripts were detected throughout the pathogen developmental cycle and were significantly enhanced from second days of infection, which lead to our hypothesis that NbSeptins play a role in merogony. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed a broad distribution of NbSeptins in meronts and partly co-localization of NbSeptins. Interestingly, in some of meronts, NbSeptin2 and NbSeptin3 showed localization between the nuclei of the diplokaryon. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation analysis verified that NbSeptins can interact with each other. Our findings suggest that NbSeptins can cooperate in the proliferation stage of Nosema bombycis and contribute towards the understanding of the rols of septins in microsporidia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Fangyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yujiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Quan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Mengxian Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Prevention, Chongqing 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China.
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9
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Barve G, Manjithaya R. Cross-talk between autophagy and sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2021; 38:401-413. [PMID: 33608896 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular organisms, like yeast, have developed mechanisms to overcome environmental stress conditions like nutrient starvation. Autophagy and sporulation are two such mechanisms employed by yeast cells. Autophagy is a well-conserved, catabolic process that degrades excess and unwanted cytoplasmic materials and provides building blocks during starvation conditions. Thus, autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis at basal conditions and acts as a survival mechanism during stress conditions. Sporulation is an essential process that, like autophagy, is triggered due to stress conditions in yeast. It involves the formation of ascospores that protect the yeast cells during extreme conditions and germinate when the conditions are favorable. Studies show that autophagy is required for the sporulation process in yeast. However, the exact mechanism of action is not clear. Furthermore, several of the core autophagy gene knockouts do not sporulate and at what stage of sporulation they are involved is not clear. Besides, many overlapping proteins function in both sporulation and autophagy and it is unclear how the pathway-specific roles of these proteins are determined. All these observations suggest that the two processes cross-talk. Individually, some key features from both the processes remain to be studied with respect to the source of membrane for autophagosomes, prospore membrane (PSM) formation, and closure of the membranes. Therefore, it becomes crucial to study the cross-talk between autophagy and sporulation. In this review, the cross-talk between the two pathways, the common protein machineries have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Barve
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore, India
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10
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Takagi J, Cho C, Duvalyan A, Yan Y, Halloran M, Hanson-Smith V, Thorner J, Finnigan GC. Reconstructed evolutionary history of the yeast septins Cdc11 and Shs1. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6025175. [PMID: 33561226 PMCID: PMC7849910 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Septins are GTP-binding proteins conserved across metazoans. They can polymerize into extended filaments and, hence, are considered a component of the cytoskeleton. The number of individual septins varies across the tree of life—yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has seven distinct subunits, a nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) has two, and humans have 13. However, the overall geometric unit (an apolar hetero-octameric protomer and filaments assembled there from) has been conserved. To understand septin evolutionary variation, we focused on a related pair of yeast subunits (Cdc11 and Shs1) that appear to have arisen from gene duplication within the fungal clade. Either Cdc11 or Shs1 occupies the terminal position within a hetero-octamer, yet Cdc11 is essential for septin function and cell viability, whereas Shs1 is not. To discern the molecular basis of this divergence, we utilized ancestral gene reconstruction to predict, synthesize, and experimentally examine the most recent common ancestor (“Anc.11-S”) of Cdc11 and Shs1. Anc.11-S was able to occupy the terminal position within an octamer, just like the modern subunits. Although Anc.11-S supplied many of the known functions of Cdc11, it was unable to replace the distinct function(s) of Shs1. To further evaluate the history of Shs1, additional intermediates along a proposed trajectory from Anc.11-S to yeast Shs1 were generated and tested. We demonstrate that multiple events contributed to the current properties of Shs1: (1) loss of Shs1–Shs1 self-association early after duplication, (2) co-evolution of heterotypic Cdc11–Shs1 interaction between neighboring hetero-octamers, and (3) eventual repurposing and acquisition of novel function(s) for its C-terminal extension domain. Thus, a pair of duplicated proteins, despite constraints imposed by assembly into a highly conserved multi-subunit structure, could evolve new functionality via a complex evolutionary pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Takagi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA
| | - Christina Cho
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA
| | - Angela Duvalyan
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA
| | - Yao Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Megan Halloran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Victor Hanson-Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeremy Thorner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA
| | - Gregory C Finnigan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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11
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Johnson CR, Steingesser MG, Weems AD, Khan A, Gladfelter A, Bertin A, McMurray MA. Guanidine hydrochloride reactivates an ancient septin hetero-oligomer assembly pathway in budding yeast. eLife 2020; 9:e54355. [PMID: 31990274 PMCID: PMC7056273 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septin proteins evolved from ancestral GTPases and co-assemble into hetero-oligomers and cytoskeletal filaments. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, five septins comprise two species of hetero-octamers, Cdc11/Shs1-Cdc12-Cdc3-Cdc10-Cdc10-Cdc3-Cdc12-Cdc11/Shs1. Slow GTPase activity by Cdc12 directs the choice of incorporation of Cdc11 vs Shs1, but many septins, including Cdc3, lack GTPase activity. We serendipitously discovered that guanidine hydrochloride rescues septin function in cdc10 mutants by promoting assembly of non-native Cdc11/Shs1-Cdc12-Cdc3-Cdc3-Cdc12-Cdc11/Shs1 hexamers. We provide evidence that in S. cerevisiae Cdc3 guanidinium occupies the site of a 'missing' Arg side chain found in other fungal species where (i) the Cdc3 subunit is an active GTPase and (ii) Cdc10-less hexamers natively co-exist with octamers. We propose that guanidinium reactivates a latent septin assembly pathway that was suppressed during fungal evolution in order to restrict assembly to octamers. Since homodimerization by a GTPase-active human septin also creates hexamers that exclude Cdc10-like central subunits, our new mechanistic insights likely apply throughout phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Marc G Steingesser
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Andrew D Weems
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Anum Khan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Amy Gladfelter
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Aurélie Bertin
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 168ParisFrance
- Sorbonne Université UPMC Univ Paris 06ParisFrance
| | - Michael A McMurray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
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12
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Mela A, Momany M. Septin mutations and phenotypes in S. cerevisiae. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 76:33-44. [PMID: 30171672 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Septins are highly conserved guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins that are a component of the cytoskeletal systems of virtually all eukaryotes (except higher plants). Septins play important roles in a multitude of cellular processes, including cytokinesis, establishment of cell polarity, and cellular partitioning. The ease of genetic screens and a fully sequenced genome have made Saccharomyces cerevisiae one of the most extensively studied and well-annotated model organisms in eukaryotic biology. Here, we present a synopsis of the known point mutations in the seven S. cerevisiae septin genes: CDC3, CDC10, CDC11, CDC12, SHS1, SPR3, and SPR28. We map these mutations onto septin protein structures, highlighting important conserved motifs, and relating the functional consequences of mutations in each domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mela
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Michelle Momany
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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13
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Roggenkamp E, Giersch RM, Schrock MN, Turnquist E, Halloran M, Finnigan GC. Tuning CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Drives in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2018; 8:999-1018. [PMID: 29348295 PMCID: PMC5844318 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Control of biological populations is an ongoing challenge in many fields, including agriculture, biodiversity, ecological preservation, pest control, and the spread of disease. In some cases, such as insects that harbor human pathogens (e.g., malaria), elimination or reduction of a small number of species would have a dramatic impact across the globe. Given the recent discovery and development of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, a unique arrangement of this system, a nuclease-based "gene drive," allows for the super-Mendelian spread and forced propagation of a genetic element through a population. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of a gene drive to rapidly spread within and nearly eliminate insect populations in a laboratory setting. While there are still ongoing technical challenges to design of a more optimal gene drive to be used in wild populations, there are still serious ecological and ethical concerns surrounding the nature of this powerful biological agent. Here, we use budding yeast as a safe and fully contained model system to explore mechanisms that might allow for programmed regulation of gene drive activity. We describe four conserved features of all CRISPR-based drives and demonstrate the ability of each drive component-Cas9 protein level, sgRNA identity, Cas9 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and novel Cas9-Cas9 tandem fusions-to modulate drive activity within a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Roggenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Rachael M Giersch
- Department of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Madison N Schrock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
- Department of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Emily Turnquist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Megan Halloran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - Gregory C Finnigan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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14
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Barve G, Sridhar S, Aher A, Sahani MH, Chinchwadkar S, Singh S, K N L, McMurray MA, Manjithaya R. Septins are involved at the early stages of macroautophagy in S. cerevisiae. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs209098. [PMID: 29361537 PMCID: PMC5868950 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.209098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation pathway wherein double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes capture long-lived proteins, and damaged or superfluous organelles, and deliver them to the lysosome for degradation. Septins are conserved GTP-binding proteins involved in many cellular processes, including phagocytosis and the autophagy of intracellular bacteria, but no role in general autophagy was known. In budding yeast, septins polymerize into ring-shaped arrays of filaments required for cytokinesis. In an unbiased genetic screen and in subsequent targeted analysis, we found autophagy defects in septin mutants. Upon autophagy induction, pre-assembled septin complexes relocalized to the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) where they formed non-canonical septin rings at PAS. Septins also colocalized with autophagosomes, where they physically interacted with the autophagy proteins Atg8 and Atg9. When autophagosome degradation was blocked in septin-mutant cells, fewer autophagic structures accumulated, and an autophagy mutant defective in early stages of autophagosome biogenesis (atg1Δ), displayed decreased septin localization to the PAS. Our findings support a role for septins in the early stages of budding yeast autophagy, during autophagosome formation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Barve
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shreyas Sridhar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Amol Aher
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Mayurbhai H Sahani
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sarika Chinchwadkar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sunaina Singh
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Lakshmeesha K N
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Michael A McMurray
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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15
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Suda Y, Tachikawa H, Inoue I, Kurita T, Saito C, Kurokawa K, Nakano A, Irie K. Activation of Rab GTPase Sec4 by its GEF Sec2 is required for prospore membrane formation during sporulation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res 2017; 18:4780275. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Suda
- Faculty of medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tachikawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ichiro Inoue
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kurita
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chieko Saito
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Irie
- Faculty of medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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16
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The Unsolved Problem of How Cells Sense Micron-Scale Curvature. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:961-976. [PMID: 29089160 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Membrane curvature is a fundamental feature of cells and their organelles. Much of what we know about how cells sense curved surfaces comes from studies examining nanometer-sized molecules on nanometer-scale curvatures. We are only just beginning to understand how cells recognize curved topologies at the micron scale. In this review, we provide the reader with an overview of our current understanding of how cells sense and respond to micron-scale membrane curvature.
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17
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Nakamura TS, Numajiri Y, Okumura Y, Hidaka J, Tanaka T, Inoue I, Suda Y, Takahashi T, Nakanishi H, Gao XD, Neiman AM, Tachikawa H. Dynamic localization of a yeast development-specific PP1 complex during prospore membrane formation is dependent on multiple localization signals and complex formation. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3881-3895. [PMID: 29046399 PMCID: PMC5739302 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-08-0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospore membrane formation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a powerful model for understanding the mechanisms of de novo membrane formation. Protein phosphatase type1, Glc7, and a sporulation-specific targeting subunit, Gip1, show dynamic localization using multiple localization signals and regulate membrane growth during sporulation. During the developmental process of sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, membrane structures called prospore membranes are formed de novo, expand, extend, acquire a round shape, and finally become plasma membranes of the spores. GIP1 encodes a regulatory/targeting subunit of protein phosphatase type 1 that is required for sporulation. Gip1 recruits the catalytic subunit Glc7 to septin structures that form along the prospore membrane; however, the molecular basis of its localization and function is not fully understood. Here we show that Gip1 changes its localization dynamically and is required for prospore membrane extension. Gip1 first associates with the spindle pole body as the prospore membrane forms, moves onto the prospore membrane and then to the septins as the membrane extends, distributes around the prospore membrane after closure, and finally translocates into the nucleus in the maturing spore. Deletion and mutation analyses reveal distinct sequences in Gip1 that are required for different localizations and for association with Glc7. Binding to Glc7 is also required for proper localization. Strikingly, localization to the prospore membrane, but not association with septins, is important for Gip1 function. Further, our genetic analysis suggests that a Gip1–Glc7 phosphatase complex regulates prospore membrane extension in parallel to the previously reported Vps13, Spo71, Spo73 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi S Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yumi Numajiri
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuuya Okumura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Junji Hidaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ichiro Inoue
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Suda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycotechnology, Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Aaron M Neiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Hiroyuki Tachikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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18
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Roggenkamp E, Giersch RM, Wedeman E, Eaton M, Turnquist E, Schrock MN, Alkotami L, Jirakittisonthon T, Schluter-Pascua SE, Bayne GH, Wasko C, Halloran M, Finnigan GC. CRISPR-UnLOCK: Multipurpose Cas9-Based Strategies for Conversion of Yeast Libraries and Strains. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1773. [PMID: 28979241 PMCID: PMC5611381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae continues to serve as a powerful model system for both basic biological research and industrial application. The development of genome-wide collections of individually manipulated strains (libraries) has allowed for high-throughput genetic screens and an emerging global view of this single-celled Eukaryote. The success of strain construction has relied on the innate ability of budding yeast to accept foreign DNA and perform homologous recombination, allowing for efficient plasmid construction (in vivo) and integration of desired sequences into the genome. The development of molecular toolkits and “integration cassettes” have provided fungal systems with a collection of strategies for tagging, deleting, or over-expressing target genes; typically, these consist of a C-terminal tag (epitope or fluorescent protein), a universal terminator sequence, and a selectable marker cassette to allow for convenient screening. However, there are logistical and technical obstacles to using these traditional genetic modules for complex strain construction (manipulation of many genomic targets in a single cell) or for the generation of entire genome-wide libraries. The recent introduction of the CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology has provided a powerful methodology for multiplexed editing in many biological systems including yeast. We have developed four distinct uses of the CRISPR biotechnology to generate yeast strains that utilizes the conversion of existing, commonly-used yeast libraries or strains. We present Cas9-based, marker-less methodologies for (i) N-terminal tagging, (ii) C-terminally tagging yeast genes with 18 unique fusions, (iii) conversion of fluorescently-tagged strains into newly engineered (or codon optimized) variants, and finally, (iv) use of a Cas9 “gene drive” system to rapidly achieve a homozygous state for a hypomorphic query allele in a diploid strain. These CRISPR-based methods demonstrate use of targeting universal sequences previously introduced into a genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Roggenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Rachael M Giersch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Emily Wedeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Muriel Eaton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Emily Turnquist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Madison N Schrock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Linah Alkotami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Thitikan Jirakittisonthon
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | | | - Gareth H Bayne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Cory Wasko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Megan Halloran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
| | - Gregory C Finnigan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State UniversityManhattan, KS, United States
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19
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Vargas-Muñiz JM, Juvvadi PR, Steinbach WJ. Forging the ring: from fungal septins' divergent roles in morphology, septation and virulence to factors contributing to their assembly into higher order structures. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1527-1534. [PMID: 27559018 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Septins are a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins that are distributed across different lineages of the eukaryotes, with the exception of plants. Septins perform a myriad of functions in fungal cells, ranging from controlling morphogenetic events to contributing to host tissue invasion and virulence. One key attribute of the septins is their ability to assemble into heterooligomeric complexes that organizse into higher order structures. In addition to the established role of septins in the model budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, their importance in other fungi recently emerges. While newer roles for septins are being uncovered in these fungi, the mechanism of how septins assemble into a complex and their regulation is only beginning to be comprehended. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of septins in different fungi and focus on how the septin complexes of different fungi are organized in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we discuss on how phosphorylation/dephosphorylation can serve as an important mechanism of septin complex assembly and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Vargas-Muñiz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Praveen R Juvvadi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William J Steinbach
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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Garcia G, Finnigan GC, Heasley LR, Sterling SM, Aggarwal A, Pearson CG, Nogales E, McMurray MA, Thorner J. Assembly, molecular organization, and membrane-binding properties of development-specific septins. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:515-29. [PMID: 26929450 PMCID: PMC4772501 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201511029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the contribution of meiotic septins Spr3 and Spr28 to overall septin complex architecture at the ultrastructural level provides insights into how alternative subunits endow septin complexes with unique properties. Septin complexes display remarkable plasticity in subunit composition, yet how a new subunit assembled into higher-order structures confers different functions is not fully understood. Here, this question is addressed in budding yeast, where during meiosis Spr3 and Spr28 replace the mitotic septin subunits Cdc12 and Cdc11 (and Shs1), respectively. In vitro, the sole stable complex that contains both meiosis-specific septins is a linear Spr28–Spr3–Cdc3–Cdc10–Cdc10–Cdc3–Spr3–Spr28 hetero-octamer. Only coexpressed Spr3 and Spr28 colocalize with Cdc3 and Cdc10 in mitotic cells, indicating that incorporation requires a Spr28-Spr3 protomer. Unlike their mitotic counterparts, Spr28-Spr3–capped rods are unable to form higher-order structures in solution but assemble to form long paired filaments on lipid monolayers containing phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, mimicking presence of this phosphoinositide in the prospore membrane. Spr28 and Spr3 fail to rescue the lethality of a cdc11Δ cdc12Δ mutant, and Cdc11 and Cdc12 fail to restore sporulation proficiency to spr3Δ/spr3Δ spr28Δ/spr28Δ diploids. Thus, specific meiotic and mitotic subunits endow septin complexes with functionally distinct properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galo Garcia
- Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Gregory C Finnigan
- Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lydia R Heasley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Sarah M Sterling
- Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Adeeti Aggarwal
- Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chad G Pearson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Eva Nogales
- Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Michael A McMurray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jeremy Thorner
- Division of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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21
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Zander S, Baumann S, Weidtkamp-Peters S, Feldbrügge M. Endosomal assembly and transport of heteromeric septin complexes promote septin cytoskeleton formation. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2778-92. [PMID: 27252385 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Septins are conserved cytoskeletal structures functioning in a variety of biological processes including cytokinesis and cell polarity. A wealth of information exists on the heterooligomeric architecture of septins and their subcellular localization at distinct sites. However, the precise mechanisms of their subcellular assembly and their intracellular transport are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that endosomal transport of septins along microtubules is crucial for formation of higher-order structures in the fungus Ustilago maydis Importantly, endosomal septin transport is dependent on each individual septin providing strong evidence that septin heteromeric complexes are assembled on endosomes. Furthermore, endosomal trafficking of all four septin mRNAs is required for endosomal localization of their translation products. Based on these results, we propose that local translation promotes the assembly of newly synthesized septins in heteromeric structures on the surface of endosomes. This is important for the long-distance transport of septins and the efficient formation of the septin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Zander
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Baumann
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weidtkamp-Peters
- Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Imaging (CAi), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- Department of Biology, Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Short B. Switching septins spurs sporulation. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2016. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2125if] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers investigate how developmental changes in subunit composition allow septins to perform different functions.
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