1
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Roy B, Pekec T, Yuan L, Shivashankar GV. Implanting mechanically reprogrammed fibroblasts for aged tissue regeneration and wound healing. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14032. [PMID: 38010905 PMCID: PMC10861198 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are essential for tissue regeneration and wound healing during aging. Autologous transplantation of aging cells is ineffective due to their increased senescence and reduced tissue remodeling capabilities. Alternatively, implanting reprogrammed aged cells provides unique opportunities. In this paper, we demonstrate the implantation of partially reprogrammed aged human dermal fibroblasts into in vitro aged skin models for tissue regeneration and wound healing. The partially reprogrammed cells were obtained using our previously reported, highly efficient mechanical approach. Implanted cells showed enhanced expression of extracellular matrix proteins in the large area of aged tissue. In addition, the implanted cells at wound sites showed increased extracellular matrix protein synthesis and matrix alignment. Transcriptome analysis, combined with chromatin biomarkers, revealed these implanted cells upregulated tissue regeneration and wound healing pathways. Collectively our results provide a novel, nongenetic, partial reprogramming of aged cells for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhas Roy
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Tina Pekec
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Luezhen Yuan
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - G. V. Shivashankar
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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2
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Lichtenberg JY, Ramamurthy E, Young AD, Redman TP, Leonard CE, Das SK, Fisher PB, Lemmon CA, Hwang PY. Leader cells mechanically respond to aligned collagen architecture to direct collective migration. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296153. [PMID: 38165954 PMCID: PMC10760762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Leader cells direct collective migration through sensing cues in their microenvironment to determine migration direction. The mechanism by which leader cells sense the mechanical cue of organized matrix architecture culminating in a mechanical response is not well defined. In this study, we investigated the effect of organized collagen matrix fibers on leader cell mechanics and demonstrate that leader cells protrude along aligned fibers resulting in an elongated phenotype of the entire cluster. Further, leader cells show increased mechanical interactions with their nearby matrix compared to follower cells, as evidenced by increased traction forces, increased and larger focal adhesions, and increased expression of integrin-α2. Together our results demonstrate changes in mechanical matrix cues drives changes in leader cell mechanoresponse that is required for directional collective migration. Our findings provide new insights into two fundamental components of carcinogenesis, namely invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessanne Y. Lichtenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ella Ramamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Anna D. Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Trey P. Redman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Corinne E. Leonard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Swadesh K. Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Priscilla Y. Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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3
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Graybill PM, Jacobs EJ, Jana A, Agashe A, Nain AS, Davalos RV. Ultra-thin and ultra-porous nanofiber networks as a basement-membrane mimic. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4565-4578. [PMID: 37772328 PMCID: PMC10623910 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Current basement membrane (BM) mimics used for modeling endothelial and epithelial barriers in vitro do not faithfully recapitulate key in vivo physiological properties such as BM thickness, porosity, stiffness, and fibrous composition. Here, we use networks of precisely arranged nanofibers to form ultra-thin (∼3 μm thick) and ultra-porous (∼90%) BM mimics for blood-brain barrier modeling. We show that these nanofiber networks enable close contact between endothelial monolayers and pericytes across the membrane, which are known to regulate barrier tightness. Cytoskeletal staining and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements reveal barrier formation on nanofiber membranes integrated within microfluidic devices and transwell inserts. Further, significantly higher TEER values indicate a biological benefit for co-cultures formed on the ultra-thin nanofiber membranes. Our BM mimic overcomes critical technological challenges in forming co-cultures that are in proximity and facilitate cell-cell contact, while still being constrained to their respective sides. We anticipate that our nanofiber networks will find applications in drug discovery, cell migration, and barrier dysfunction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Graybill
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Edward J Jacobs
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Aniket Jana
- Spinneret-Based Tunable Engineering Parameters (STEP) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Atharva Agashe
- Spinneret-Based Tunable Engineering Parameters (STEP) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Spinneret-Based Tunable Engineering Parameters (STEP) Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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4
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Cavanaugh M, Asheghali D, Motta CM, Silantyeva E, Nikam SP, Becker ML, Willits RK. Influence of Touch-Spun Nanofiber Diameter on Contact Guidance during Peripheral Nerve Repair. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2635-2646. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- McKay Cavanaugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Darya Asheghali
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Cecilia M. Motta
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Elena Silantyeva
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Shantanu P. Nikam
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthew L. Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rebecca K. Willits
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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5
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Hussain Z, Ding P, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Ullah S, Liu Y, Ullah I, Wang Z, Zheng P, Pei R. Multifaceted tannin crosslinked bioinspired dECM decorated nanofibers modulating cell-scaffold biointerface for tympanic membrane perforation bioengineering. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35334475 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac6125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tympanic membrane (TM) perforation leads to persistent otitis media, conductive deafness, and affects life quality. Ointment medication may not be sufficient to treat TM perforation due to the lack of an underlying tissue matrix and thus requiring a scaffold-based application. The engineering of scaffold biointerface close to the matrix via tissue-specific decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is crucial in instructing cell behaviour and regulating cell-material interaction in the bioengineering domain. Herein, polycaprolactone (PCL) and TM-dECM (from SD rats) were combined in a different ratio in nanofibrous form using an electrospinning process and crosslinked via tannic acid. The histological and biochemical assays demonstrated that chemical and enzymatic decellularization steps removed cellular/immunogenic contents while retaining collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The morphological, physicochemical, thermomechanical, contact angle, and surface chemical studies demonstrated that the tannin crosslinked PCL/dECM nanofibers fine-tune biophysical and biochemical properties. The multifaceted crosslinked nanofibers hold the tunable distribution of dECM moieties, assembled into a spool-shaped membrane, and could easily insert into perforated sites. The dECM decorated fibers provide a preferable biomimetic matrix for L929 fibroblast adhesion, proliferation, matrix adsorption, and f-actin saturation, which could be crucial for bioengineering. Overall, dECM patterning, surface hydrophilicity, interconnected microporosities, and multifaceted nanofibrous biosystem modulate cell-scaffold performance and could open opportunities to reconstruct TM perforation in a biomimetic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, CHINA
| | - Pi Ding
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, CHINA
| | - Liwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, CHINA
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, CHINA
| | - Salim Ullah
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, CHINA
| | - Yuanshan Liu
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, CHINA
| | - Ismat Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, CHINA
| | - Zhili Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, CHINA
| | - Penghui Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, CHINA
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, CHINA
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6
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Li B. Chemo-mechanical feedback in collective cell migration. Biophys J 2022; 121:1117-1118. [PMID: 35279223 PMCID: PMC9034287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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7
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Fang C, Yao J, Zhang Y, Lin Y. Active chemo-mechanical feedbacks dictate the collective migration of cells on patterned surfaces. Biophys J 2022; 121:1266-1275. [PMID: 35183521 PMCID: PMC9034249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that, when cultured on micro-patterned surfaces, living cells can move in a coordinated manner and form distinct migration patterns, including flowing chain, suspended propagating bridge, rotating vortex, etc. However, the fundamental question of exactly how and why cells migrate in these fashions remains elusive. Here, we present a theoretical investigation to show that the tight interplay between internal cellular activities, such as chemo-mechanical feedbacks and polarization, and external geometrical constraints are behind these intriguing experimental observations. In particular, on narrow strip patterns, strongly force-dependent cellular contractility and intercellular adhesion were found to be critical for reinforcing the leading edge of the migrating cell monolayer and eventually result in the formation of suspended cell bridges flying over nonadhesive regions. On the other hand, a weak force-contractility feedback led to the movement of cells like a flowing chain along the adhesive strip. Finally, we also showed that the random polarity forces generated in migrating cells are responsible for driving them into rotating vortices on strips with width above a threshold value (~10 times the size of the cell).
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8
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Rens EG, Edelstein-Keshet L. Cellular Tango: how extracellular matrix adhesion choreographs Rac-Rho signaling and cell movement. Phys Biol 2021; 18. [PMID: 34544056 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPases Rac and Rho are known to regulate eukaryotic cell shape, promoting front protrusion (Rac) or rear retraction (Rho) of the cell edge. Such cell deformation changes the contact and adhesion of cell to the extracellular matrix (ECM), while ECM signaling through integrin receptors also affects GTPase activity. We develop and investigate a model for this three-way feedback loop in 1D and 2D spatial domains, as well as in a fully deforming 2D cell shapes with detailed adhesion-bond biophysics. The model consists of reaction-diffusion equations solved numerically with open-source software, Morpheus, and with custom-built cellular Potts model simulations. We find a variety of patterns and cell behaviors, including persistent polarity, flipped front-back cell polarity oscillations, spiral waves, and random protrusion-retraction. We show that the observed spatial patterns depend on the cell shape, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G Rens
- Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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9
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Yaegashi LB, Baldavira CM, Prieto TG, Machado-Rugolo J, Velosa APP, da Silveira LKR, Assato A, Ab'Saber AM, Falzoni R, Takagaki T, Silva PL, Teodoro WR, Capelozzi VL. In Situ Overexpression of Matricellular Mechanical Proteins Demands Functional Immune Signature and Mitigates Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714230. [PMID: 34484217 PMCID: PMC8415570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a complex cancer biome composed of malignant cells embedded in a sophisticated tumor microenvironment (TME) combined with different initiating cell types, including immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. However, little is known about these tumors’ immune-matricellular relationship as functional and mechanical barriers. This study investigated 120 patients with NSCLC to describe the immune-matricellular phenotypes of their TME and their relationship with malignant cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to characterize immune checkpoints (PD-L1, LAG-3, CTLA-4+, VISTA 1), T cells (CD3+), cytotoxic T cells (CD8+, Granzyme B), macrophages (CD68+), regulatory T cells (FOXP3+, CD4+), natural killer cells (CD57+), and B lymphocytes (CD20+), whereas CAFs and collagen types I, III, and V were characterized by immunofluorescence (IF). We observed two distinct functional immune-cellular barriers—the first of which showed proximity between malignant cells and cytotoxic T cells, and the second of which showed distant proximity between non-cohesive nests of malignant cells and regulatory T cells. We also identified three tumor-associated matricellular barriers: the first, with a localized increase in CAFs and a low deposition of Col V, the second with increased CAFs, Col III and Col I fibers, and the third with a high amount of Col fibers and CAFs bundled and aligned perpendicularly to the tumor border. The Cox regression analysis was designed in two steps. First, we investigated the relationship between the immune-matricellular components and tumor pathological stage (I, II, and IIIA), and better survival rates were seen in patients whose tumors expressed collagen type III > 24.89 fibers/mm². Then, we included patients who had progressed to pathological stage IV and found an association between poor survival and tumor VISTA 1 expression > 52.86 cells/mm² and CD3+ ≤ 278.5 cells/mm². We thus concluded that differential patterns in the distribution of immune-matricellular phenotypes in the TME of NSCLC patients could be used in translational studies to predict new treatment strategies and improve patient outcome. These data raise the possibility that proteins with mechanical barrier function in NSCLC may be used by cancer cells to protect them from immune cell infiltration and immune-mediated destruction, which can otherwise be targeted effectively with immunotherapy or collagen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juliana Machado-Rugolo
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Health Technology Assessment Center (NATS), Clinical Hospital (HCFMB), Medical School of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Velosa
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Assato
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Falzoni
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa Takagaki
- Division of Pneumology, Instituto do Coração (Incor), University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Zhang H, Ding C, Li Y, Xing C, Wang S, Yu Z, Chen L, Li P, Dai M. Data mining-based study of collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1) prognostic value and immune exploration in pan-cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3634-3646. [PMID: 34252356 PMCID: PMC8806444 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1949838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) shows an essential effect during the occurrence and procession of human cancers. Type III collagen is a crucial component of ECM. Collagen Type III Alpha 1(COL3A1) is aberrantly expressed in a variety of cancers. Nevertheless, the role of COL3A1 in pan-cancer stays unidentified. In this study, we explored public databases, including Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GTEx, GEPIA, cBioPortal, Oncommine, TIMER and GENEMANIA databases to identify the differential expression of COL3A1 in human cancer tissues and normal samples, followed by its prognostic value for patient survival. In addition, we explore the association between COL3A1 expression and immune infiltration. Further, we used the GeneMANIA database and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to investigate Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) and gene functional enrichment. Results show that COL3A1 expressed higher in tumor samples than in normal samples. Upregulation of COL3A1 is associated with a worse prognosis and a more advanced cancer stage. COL3A1 expression shows significant positive correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), including neutrophils, macrophages, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, dendritic cells, and B cells. Markers of TIICs demonstrated distinct patterns of COL3A1-related immune infiltration. COL3A1 expression was associated with ECM receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion pathways via GSEA analysis. In conclusion, COL3A1 may be a molecular biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltration in pan-cancer. It might act as a potential target for a new insight of human cancers management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Yatong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Cheng Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Shunda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Zhangping Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Pengyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing China
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11
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Rules of contact inhibition of locomotion for cells on suspended nanofibers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2011815118. [PMID: 33737392 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011815118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), in which cells repolarize and move away from contact, is now established as a fundamental driving force in development, repair, and disease biology. Much of what we know of CIL stems from studies on two-dimensional (2D) substrates that do not provide an essential biophysical cue-the curvature of extracellular matrix fibers. We discover rules controlling outcomes of cell-cell collisions on suspended nanofibers and show them to be profoundly different from the stereotyped CIL behavior on 2D substrates. Two approaching cells attached to a single fiber do not repolarize upon contact but rather usually migrate past one another. Fiber geometry modulates this behavior; when cells attach to two fibers, reducing their freedom to reorient, only one cell repolarizes on contact, leading to the cell pair migrating as a single unit. CIL outcomes also change when one cell has recently divided and moves with high speed-cells more frequently walk past each other. Our computational model of CIL in fiber geometries reproduces the core qualitative results of the experiments robustly to model parameters. Our model shows that the increased speed of postdivision cells may be sufficient to explain their increased walk-past rate. We also identify cell-cell adhesion as a key mediator of collision outcomes. Our results suggest that characterizing cell-cell interactions on flat substrates, channels, or micropatterns is not sufficient to predict interactions in a matrix-the geometry of the fiber can generate entirely new behaviors.
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12
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Zhang Y, Huang Z, Dong S, Liu Z, Liu Y, Tang L, Cheng T, Zhou X. Evaluation of Cell's Passability in the ECM Network. Biophys J 2020; 119:1056-1064. [PMID: 32891186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in affecting cell migration, especially nonproteolytic migration. It is difficult, however, to measure some properties of the ECM, such as stiffness and the passability for cell migration. On the basis of a network model of collagen fiber in the ECM, which has been well applied to simulate mechanical behaviors such as the stress-strain relationship, damage, and failure, we proposed a series of methods to study the microstructural properties containing pore size and pore stiffness and to search for the possible migration paths for cells. Finally, with a given criterion, we quantitatively evaluated the passability of the ECM network for cell migration. The fiber network model with a microstructure and the analysis method presented in this study further our understanding of and ability to evaluate the properties of an ECM network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrou Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zetao Huang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shoubin Dong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejia Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yiping Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Taobo Cheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangdong Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Bourgot I, Primac I, Louis T, Noël A, Maquoi E. Reciprocal Interplay Between Fibrillar Collagens and Collagen-Binding Integrins: Implications in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1488. [PMID: 33014790 PMCID: PMC7461916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are complex ecosystems composed of malignant cells embedded in an intricate microenvironment made of different non-transformed cell types and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. The tumor microenvironment is governed by constantly evolving cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions, which are now recognized as key actors in the genesis, progression and treatment of cancer lesions. The ECM is composed of a multitude of fibrous proteins, matricellular-associated proteins, and proteoglycans. This complex structure plays critical roles in cancer progression: it functions as the scaffold for tissues organization and provides biochemical and biomechanical signals that regulate key cancer hallmarks including cell growth, survival, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and immune response. Cells sense the biochemical and mechanical properties of the ECM through specialized transmembrane receptors that include integrins, discoidin domain receptors, and syndecans. Advanced stages of several carcinomas are characterized by a desmoplastic reaction characterized by an extensive deposition of fibrillar collagens in the microenvironment. This compact network of fibrillar collagens promotes cancer progression and metastasis, and is associated with low survival rates for cancer patients. In this review, we highlight how fibrillar collagens and their corresponding integrin receptors are modulated during cancer progression. We describe how the deposition and alignment of collagen fibers influence the tumor microenvironment and how fibrillar collagen-binding integrins expressed by cancer and stromal cells critically contribute in cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Erik Maquoi
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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14
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Electrospun chitosan membranes containing bioactive and therapeutic agents for enhanced wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:153-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Padhi A, Singh K, Franco-Barraza J, Marston DJ, Cukierman E, Hahn KM, Kapania RK, Nain AS. Force-exerting perpendicular lateral protrusions in fibroblastic cell contraction. Commun Biol 2020; 3:390. [PMID: 32694539 PMCID: PMC7374753 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aligned extracellular matrix fibers enable fibroblasts to undergo myofibroblastic activation and achieve elongated shapes. Activated fibroblasts are able to contract, perpetuating the alignment of these fibers. This poorly understood feedback process is critical in chronic fibrosis conditions, including cancer. Here, using fiber networks that serve as force sensors, we identify "3D perpendicular lateral protrusions" (3D-PLPs) that evolve from lateral cell extensions named twines. Twines originate from stratification of cyclic-actin waves traversing the cell and swing freely in 3D to engage neighboring fibers. Once engaged, a lamellum forms and extends multiple secondary twines, which fill in to form a sheet-like PLP, in a force-entailing process that transitions focal adhesions to activated (i.e., pathological) 3D-adhesions. The specific morphology of PLPs enables cells to increase contractility and force on parallel fibers. Controlling geometry of extracellular networks confirms that anisotropic fibrous environments support 3D-PLP formation and function, suggesting an explanation for cancer-associated desmoplastic expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Padhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Karanpreet Singh
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Janusz Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Biology Program, Marvin & Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Marston
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Marvin & Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Klaus M Hahn
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rakesh K Kapania
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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16
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Beauchesne CC, Chabanon M, Smaniotto B, Ladoux B, Goyeau B, David B. Channeling Effect and Tissue Morphology in a Perfusion Bioreactor Imaged by X-Ray Microtomography. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:301-311. [PMID: 32314312 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfusion bioreactors for tissue engineering hold great promises. Indeed, the perfusion of culture medium enhances species transport and mechanically stimulates the cells, thereby increasing cell proliferation and tissue formation. Nonetheless, their development is still hampered by a lack of understanding of the relationship between mechanical cues and tissue growth. METHODS Combining tissue engineering, three-dimensional visualization and numerical simulations, we analyze the morphological evolution of neo-tissue in a model bioreactor with respect to the local flow pattern. NIH-3T3 cells were grown under perfusion for one, two and three weeks on a stack of 2 mm polyacetal beads. The model bioreactor was then imaged by X-ray micro-tomography and local tissue morphology was analyzed. To relate experimental observations and mechanical stimulii, a computational fluid dynamics model of flow around spheres in a canal was developed and solved using the finite element method. RESULTS We observe a preferential tissue formation at the bioreactor periphery, and relate it to a channeling effect leading to regions of higher flow intensity. Additionally, we find that circular crater-like tissue patterns form in narrow channel regions at early culture times. Using computational fluid dynamic simulations, we show that the location and morphology of these patterns match those of shear stress maxima. Finally, the morphology of the tissue is qualitatively described as the tissue grows and reorganizes itself. CONCLUSION Altogether, our study points out the key role of local flow conditions on the tissue morphology developed on a stack of beads in perfusion bioreactors and provides new insights for effective design of hydrodynamic bioreactors for tissue engineering using bead packings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Beauchesne
- Lab. EM2C, UPR CNRS 288, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- Lab. MSSMat, UMR CNRS 8579, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Morgan Chabanon
- Single Molecule Biophotonics Lab. ICFO, The Institute of Photonic Sciences, av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Smaniotto
- ENS Paris Saclay, LMT, CNRS, UMR 8535, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94230, Cachan, France
| | - Benoît Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), UMR CNRS 7592, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Benoît Goyeau
- Lab. EM2C, UPR CNRS 288, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - Bertrand David
- Lab. MSSMat, UMR CNRS 8579, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 3 rue Joliot-Curie, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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17
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Obenaus AM, Mollica MY, Sniadecki NJ. (De)form and Function: Measuring Cellular Forces with Deformable Materials and Deformable Structures. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901454. [PMID: 31951099 PMCID: PMC7274881 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability for biological cells to produce mechanical forces is important for the development, function, and homeostasis of tissue. The measurement of cellular forces is not a straightforward task because individual cells are microscopic in size and the forces they produce are at the nanonewton scale. Consequently, studies in cell mechanics rely on advanced biomaterials or flexible structures that permit one to infer these forces by the deformation they impart on the material or structure. Herein, the scientific progression on the use of deformable materials and deformable structures to measure cellular forces are reviewed. The findings and insights made possible with these approaches in the field of cell mechanics are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M Obenaus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Molly Y Mollica
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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18
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The current state of tissue engineering in the management of hypospadias. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:162-175. [DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Alvarez-Elizondo MB, Li CW, Marom A, Tung YT, Drillich G, Horesh Y, Lin SC, Wang GJ, Weihs D. Micropatterned topographies reveal measurable differences between cancer and benign cells. Med Eng Phys 2020; 75:5-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Padhi A, Thomson AH, Perry JB, Davis GN, McMillan RP, Loesgen S, Kaweesa EN, Kapania R, Nain AS, Brown DA. Bioenergetics underlying single-cell migration on aligned nanofiber scaffolds. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C476-C485. [PMID: 31875698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00221.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is centrally involved in a myriad of physiological processes, including morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair, and metastatic growth. The bioenergetics that underlie migratory behavior are not fully understood, in part because of variations in cell culture media and utilization of experimental cell culture systems that do not model physiological connective extracellular fibrous networks. In this study, we evaluated the bioenergetics of C2C12 myoblast migration and force production on fibronectin-coated nanofiber scaffolds of controlled diameter and alignment, fabricated using a nonelectrospinning spinneret-based tunable engineered parameters (STEP) platform. The contribution of various metabolic pathways to cellular migration was determined using inhibitors of cellular respiration, ATP synthesis, glycolysis, or glucose uptake. Despite immediate effects on oxygen consumption, mitochondrial inhibition only modestly reduced cell migration velocity, whereas inhibitors of glycolysis and cellular glucose uptake led to striking decreases in migration. The migratory metabolic sensitivity was modifiable based on the substrates present in cell culture media. Cells cultured in galactose (instead of glucose) showed substantial migratory sensitivity to mitochondrial inhibition. We used nanonet force microscopy to determine the bioenergetic factors responsible for single-cell force production and observed that neither mitochondrial nor glycolytic inhibition altered single-cell force production. These data suggest that myoblast migration is heavily reliant on glycolysis in cells grown in conventional media. These studies have wide-ranging implications for the causes, consequences, and putative therapeutic treatments aimed at cellular migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Padhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Alexander H Thomson
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Justin B Perry
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Grace N Davis
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Ryan P McMillan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Virginia Tech Metabolism Core, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Sandra Loesgen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | - Rakesh Kapania
- Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Virginia Tech Metabolism Core, Blacksburg, Virginia
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21
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Morrow CM, Mukherjee A, Traore MA, Leaman EJ, Kim A, Smith EM, Nain AS, Behkam B. Integrating nanofibers with biochemical gradients to investigate physiologically-relevant fibroblast chemotaxis. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3641-3651. [PMID: 31560021 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00602h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Persistent cell migration can occur due to anisotropy in the extracellular matrix (ECM), the gradient of a chemo-effector, or a combination of both. Through a variety of in vitro platforms, the contributions of either stimulus have been extensively studied, while the combined effect of both cues remains poorly described. Here, we report an integrative microfluidic chemotaxis assay device that enables the study of single cell chemotaxis on ECM-mimicking, aligned, and suspended nanofibers. Using this assay, we evaluated the effect of fiber spacing on the morphology and chemotaxis response of embryonic murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in the presence of temporally invariant, linear gradients of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). We found that the strength of PDGF-mediated chemotaxis response depends on not only the gradient slope but also the cell morphology. Low aspect ratio (3.4 ± 0.2) cells on flat substrata exhibited a chemotaxis response only at a PDGF-BB gradient of 0-10 ng mL-1. However, high aspect ratio (19.1 ± 0.7) spindle-shaped cells attached to individual fibers exhibited maximal chemotaxis response at a ten-fold shallower gradient of 0-1 ng mL-1, which was robustly maintained up to 0-10 ng mL-1. Quadrilateral-shaped cells of intermediate aspect ratio (13.6 ± 0.8) attached to two fibers exhibited a weaker response compared to the spindle-shaped cells, but still stronger compared to cells attached to 2D featureless substrata. Through pharmacological inhibition, we show that the mesenchymal chemotaxis pathway is conserved in cells on fibers. Altogether, our findings show that chemotaxis on ECM-mimicking fibers is modulated by fiber spacing-driven cell shape and can be significantly different from the behavior observed on flat 2D substrata. We envisage that this microfluidic platform will have wide applicability in understanding the combined role of ECM architecture and chemotaxis in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Morrow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Apratim Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Mahama A Traore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. and School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Eric J Leaman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - AhRam Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Evan M Smith
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. and School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. and School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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22
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Jana A, Nookaew I, Singh J, Behkam B, Franco AT, Nain AS. Crosshatch nanofiber networks of tunable interfiber spacing induce plasticity in cell migration and cytoskeletal response. FASEB J 2019; 33:10618-10632. [PMID: 31225977 PMCID: PMC6766658 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900131r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomechanical cues within tissue microenvironments are critical for maintaining homeostasis, and their disruption can contribute to malignant transformation and metastasis. Once transformed, metastatic cancer cells can migrate persistently by adapting (plasticity) to changes in the local fibrous extracellular matrix, and current strategies to recapitulate persistent migration rely exclusively on the use of aligned geometries. Here, the controlled interfiber spacing in suspended crosshatch networks of nanofibers induces cells to exhibit plasticity in migratory behavior (persistent and random) and the associated cytoskeletal arrangement. At dense spacing (3 and 6 µm), unexpectedly, elongated cells migrate persistently (in 1 dimension) at high speeds in 3-dimensional shapes with thick nuclei, and short focal adhesion cluster (FAC) lengths. With increased spacing (18 and 36 µm), cells attain 2-dimensional morphologies, have flattened nuclei and longer FACs, and migrate randomly by rapidly detaching their trailing edges that strain the nuclei by ∼35%. At 54-µm spacing, kite-shaped cells become near stationary. Poorly developed filamentous actin stress fibers are found only in cells on 3-µm networks. Gene-expression profiling shows a decrease in transcriptional potential and a differential up-regulation of metabolic pathways. The consistency in observed phenotypes across cell lines supports using this platform to dissect hallmarks of plasticity in migration in vitro.-Jana, A., Nookaew, I., Singh, J., Behkam, B., Franco, A. T., Nain, A. S. Crosshatch nanofiber networks of tunable interfiber spacing induce plasticity in cell migration and cytoskeletal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Jana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jugroop Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Aime T. Franco
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amrinder S. Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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23
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Sarker B, Bagchi A, Walter C, Almeida J, Pathak A. Longer collagen fibers trigger multicellular streaming on soft substrates via enhanced forces and cell-cell cooperation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs226753. [PMID: 31444287 PMCID: PMC6765186 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Grouped cells often leave large cell colonies in the form of narrow multicellular streams. However, it remains unknown how collective cell streaming exploits specific matrix properties, like stiffness and fiber length. It is also unclear how cellular forces, cell-cell adhesion and velocities are coordinated within streams. To independently tune stiffness and collagen fiber length, we developed new hydrogels and discovered invasion-like streaming of normal epithelial cells on soft substrates coated with long collagen fibers. Here, streams arise owing to a surge in cell velocities, forces, YAP activity and expression of mesenchymal marker proteins in regions of high-stress anisotropy. Coordinated velocities and symmetric distribution of tensile and compressive stresses support persistent stream growth. Stiff matrices diminish cell-cell adhesions, disrupt front-rear velocity coordination and do not promote sustained fiber-dependent streaming. Rac inhibition reduces cell elongation and cell-cell cooperation, resulting in a complete loss of streaming in all matrix conditions. Our results reveal a stiffness-modulated effect of collagen fiber length on collective cell streaming and unveil a biophysical mechanism of streaming governed by a delicate balance of enhanced forces, monolayer cohesion and cell-cell cooperation.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapi Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Amrit Bagchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Christopher Walter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - José Almeida
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Amit Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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24
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Padhi A, Nain AS. ECM in Differentiation: A Review of Matrix Structure, Composition and Mechanical Properties. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:1071-1089. [PMID: 31485876 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell regenerative potential owing to the capacity to self-renew as well as differentiate into other cell types is a promising avenue in regenerative medicine. Stem cell niche not only provides physical scaffolding but also possess instructional capacity as it provides a milieu of biophysical and biochemical cues. Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been identified as a major dictator of stem cell lineage, thus understanding the structure of in vivo ECM pertaining to specific tissue differentiation will aid in devising in vitro strategies to improve the differentiation efficiency. In this review, we summarize details about the native architecture, composition and mechanical properties of in vivo ECM of the early embryonic stages and the later adult stages. Native ECM from adult tissues categorized on their origin from respective germ layers are discussed while engineering techniques employed to facilitate differentiation of stem cells into particular lineages are noted. Overall, we emphasize that in vitro strategies need to integrate tissue specific ECM biophysical cues for developing accurate artificial environments for optimizing stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Padhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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25
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Fenu M, Bettermann T, Vogl C, Darwish-Miranda N, Schramel J, Jenner F, Ribitsch I. A novel magnet-based scratch method for standardisation of wound-healing assays. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12625. [PMID: 31477739 PMCID: PMC6718675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel magnetic scratch method achieves repeatability, reproducibility and geometric control greater than pipette scratch assays and closely approximating the precision of cell exclusion assays while inducing the cell injury inherently necessary for wound healing assays. The magnetic scratch is affordable, easily implemented and standardisable and thus may contribute toward better comparability of data generated in different studies and laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fenu
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, VETERM, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Bettermann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, VETERM, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Vogl
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Darwish-Miranda
- IST Austria, Bioimaging Facility, AM Campus 1, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - J Schramel
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, VETERM, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Jenner
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, VETERM, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - I Ribitsch
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Surgery Unit, VETERM, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Mukherjee A, Behkam B, Nain AS. Cancer Cells Sense Fibers by Coiling on them in a Curvature-Dependent Manner. iScience 2019; 19:905-915. [PMID: 31513975 PMCID: PMC6742781 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells sense the complex and heterogeneous fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) by formation of protrusions, and our knowledge of how cells physically recognize these fibers remains in its infancy. Here, using suspended ECM-mimicking isodiameter fibers ranging from 135 to 1,000 nm, we show that metastatic breast cancer cells sense fiber diameters differentially by coiling (wrapping-around) on them in a curvature-dependent manner, whereas non-tumorigenic cells exhibit diminished coiling. We report that coiling occurs at the tip of growing protrusions and the coil width and coiling rate increase in a curvature-dependent manner, but time to maximum coil width occurs biphasically. Interestingly, bundles of 135-nm diameter fibers recover coiling width and rate on 1,000-nm-diameter fibers. Coiling also coincides with curvature-dependent persistent and ballistic transport of endogenous granules inside the protrusions. Altogether, our results lay the groundwork to link biophysical sensing with biological signaling to quantitate pro- and anti-invasive fibrous environments. Video Abstract
Cells sense ECM-mimicking suspended fibers by coiling (wrapping around) Coiling occurs at the tip of growing protrusions in a curvature-dependent manner Non-tumorigenic cells exhibit diminished coiling compared with metastatic cells A bundle of small-diameter fibers recover coiling observed on a large-diameter fiber
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Affiliation(s)
- Apratim Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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27
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Uncoupling Traditional Functionalities of Metastasis: The Parting of Ways with Real-Time Assays. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070941. [PMID: 31261795 PMCID: PMC6678138 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental evaluation of metastasis overly focuses on the gain of migratory and invasive properties, while disregarding the contributions of cellular plasticity, extra-cellular matrix heterogeneity, niche interactions, and tissue architecture. Traditional cell-based assays often restrict the inclusion of these processes and warrant the implementation of approaches that provide an enhanced spatiotemporal resolution of the metastatic cascade. Time lapse imaging represents such an underutilized approach in cancer biology, especially in the context of disease progression. The inclusion of time lapse microscopy and microfluidic devices in routine assays has recently discerned several nuances of the metastatic cascade. Our review emphasizes that a complete comprehension of metastasis in view of evolving ideologies necessitates (i) the use of appropriate, context-specific assays and understanding their inherent limitations; (ii) cautious derivation of inferences to avoid erroneous/overestimated clinical extrapolations; (iii) corroboration between multiple assay outputs to gauge metastatic potential; and (iv) the development of protocols with improved in situ implications. We further believe that the adoption of improved quantitative approaches in these assays can generate predictive algorithms that may expedite therapeutic strategies targeting metastasis via the development of disease relevant model systems. Such approaches could potentiate the restructuring of the cancer metastasis paradigm through an emphasis on the development of next-generation real-time assays.
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Abstract
In various physiological processes, the cell collective is organized in a monolayer, such as seen in a simple epithelium. The advances in the understanding of mechanical behavior of the monolayer and its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms will help to elucidate the properties of cell collectives. In this Review, we discuss recent in vitro studies on monolayer mechanics and their implications on collective dynamics, regulation of monolayer mechanics by physical confinement and geometrical cues and the effect of tissue mechanics on biological processes, such as cell division and extrusion. In particular, we focus on the active nematic property of cell monolayers and the emerging approach to view biological systems in the light of liquid crystal theory. We also highlight the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction mechanisms at the sub-cellular and molecular level that are mediated by the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton and cell-cell adhesion proteins, such as E-cadherin and α-catenin. To conclude, we argue that, in order to have a holistic understanding of the cellular response to biophysical environments, interdisciplinary approaches and multiple techniques - from large-scale traction force measurements to molecular force protein sensors - must be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Chen
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Thuan Beng Saw
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,National University of Singapore, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
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Role of Extracellular Matrix in Development and Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103028. [PMID: 30287763 PMCID: PMC6213383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 623] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense diversity of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins confers distinct biochemical and biophysical properties that influence cell phenotype. The ECM is highly dynamic as it is constantly deposited, remodelled, and degraded during development until maturity to maintain tissue homeostasis. The ECM’s composition and organization are spatiotemporally regulated to control cell behaviour and differentiation, but dysregulation of ECM dynamics leads to the development of diseases such as cancer. The chemical cues presented by the ECM have been appreciated as key drivers for both development and cancer progression. However, the mechanical forces present due to the ECM have been largely ignored but recently recognized to play critical roles in disease progression and malignant cell behaviour. Here, we review the ways in which biophysical forces of the microenvironment influence biochemical regulation and cell phenotype during key stages of human development and cancer progression.
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Werner M, Kurniawan NA, Korus G, Bouten CVC, Petersen A. Mesoscale substrate curvature overrules nanoscale contact guidance to direct bone marrow stromal cell migration. J R Soc Interface 2018; 15:20180162. [PMID: 30089684 PMCID: PMC6127159 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic architecture of biological tissues and of implanted biomaterials provides cells with large-scale geometrical cues. To understand how cells are able to sense and respond to complex structural environments, a deeper insight into the cellular response to multi-scale and conflicting geometrical cues is needed. In this study, we subjected human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) to mesoscale cylindrical surfaces (diameter 250-5000 µm) and nanoscale collagen fibrils (diameter 100-200 nm) that were aligned perpendicular to the cylinder axis. On flat surfaces and at low substrate curvatures (cylinder diameter d > 1000 µm), cell alignment and migration were governed by the nanoscale collagen fibrils, consistent with the contact guidance effect. With increasing surface curvature (decreasing cylinder diameter, d < 1000 µm), cells increasingly aligned and migrated along the cylinder axis, i.e. the direction of zero curvature. An increase in phosphorylated myosin light chain levels was observed with increasing substrate curvature, suggesting a link between substrate-induced cell bending and the F-actin-myosin machinery. Taken together, this work demonstrates that geometrical cues of up to 10× cell size can play a dominant role in directing hBMSC alignment and migration and that the effect of nanoscale contact guidance can even be overruled by mesoscale curvature guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Werner
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A Kurniawan
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Korus
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Pathak A. Modeling and predictions of biphasic mechanosensitive cell migration altered by cell-intrinsic properties and matrix confinement. Phys Biol 2018; 15:065001. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aabdcc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Design of Fiber Networks for Studying Metastatic Invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:289-318. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Electrospun Antimicrobial Wound Dressings: Novel Strategies to Fight Against Wound Infections. CHRONIC WOUNDS, WOUND DRESSINGS AND WOUND HEALING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/15695_2018_133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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