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So WY, Johnson B, Gordon PB, Bishop KS, Gong H, Burr HA, Staunton JR, Handler C, Sood R, Scarcelli G, Tanner K. Macrophage mediated mesoscale brain mechanical homeostasis mechanically imaged via optical tweezers and Brillouin microscopy in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.27.573380. [PMID: 38234798 PMCID: PMC10793422 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Tissues are active materials where epithelial turnover, immune surveillance, and remodeling of stromal cells such as macrophages all regulate form and function. Scattering modalities such as Brillouin microscopy (BM) can non-invasively access mechanical signatures at GHz. However, our traditional understanding of tissue material properties is derived mainly from modalities which probe mechanical properties at different frequencies. Thus, reconciling measurements amongst these modalities remains an active area. Here, we compare optical tweezer active microrheology (OT-AMR) and Brillouin microscopy (BM) to longitudinally map brain development in the larval zebrafish. We determine that each measurement is able to detect a mechanical signature linked to functional units of the brain. We demonstrate that the corrected BM-Longitudinal modulus using a density factor correlates well with OT-AMR storage modulus at lower frequencies. We also show that the brain tissue mechanical properties are dependent on both the neuronal architecture and the presence of macrophages. Moreover, the BM technique is able to delineate the contributions to mechanical properties of the macrophage from that due to colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) mediated stromal remodeling. Here, our data suggest that macrophage remodeling is instrumental in the maintenance of tissue mechanical homeostasis during development. Moreover, the strong agreement between the OT-AM and BM further demonstrates that scattering-based technique is sensitive to both large and minute structural modification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Young So
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Bailey Johnson
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | | | - Kevin S. Bishop
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Hyeyeon Gong
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
- University of Maryland - College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hannah A Burr
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | | | | | - Raman Sood
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, MD, USA
| | | | - Kandice Tanner
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
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2
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Mittelheisser V, Gensbittel V, Bonati L, Li W, Tang L, Goetz JG. Evidence and therapeutic implications of biomechanically regulated immunosurveillance in cancer and other diseases. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:281-297. [PMID: 38286876 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Disease progression is usually accompanied by changes in the biochemical composition of cells and tissues and their biophysical properties. For instance, hallmarks of cancer include the stiffening of tissues caused by extracellular matrix remodelling and the softening of individual cancer cells. In this context, accumulating evidence has shown that immune cells sense and respond to mechanical signals from the environment. However, the mechanisms regulating these mechanical aspects of immune surveillance remain partially understood. The growing appreciation for the 'mechano-immunology' field has urged researchers to investigate how immune cells sense and respond to mechanical cues in various disease settings, paving the way for the development of novel engineering strategies that aim at mechanically modulating and potentiating immune cells for enhanced immunotherapies. Recent pioneer developments in this direction have laid the foundations for leveraging 'mechanical immunoengineering' strategies to treat various diseases. This Review first outlines the mechanical changes occurring during pathological progression in several diseases, including cancer, fibrosis and infection. We next highlight the mechanosensitive nature of immune cells and how mechanical forces govern the immune responses in different diseases. Finally, we discuss how targeting the biomechanical features of the disease milieu and immune cells is a promising strategy for manipulating therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Mittelheisser
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentin Gensbittel
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucia Bonati
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Strasbourg, France.
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Maung Ye SS, Phng LK. A cell-and-plasma numerical model reveals hemodynamic stress and flow adaptation in zebrafish microvessels after morphological alteration. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011665. [PMID: 38048371 PMCID: PMC10721208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a functional cardiovascular system ensures a sustainable oxygen, nutrient and hormone delivery system for successful embryonic development and homeostasis in adulthood. While early vessels are formed by biochemical signaling and genetic programming, the onset of blood flow provides mechanical cues that participate in vascular remodeling of the embryonic vascular system. The zebrafish is a prolific animal model for studying the quantitative relationship between blood flow and vascular morphogenesis due to a combination of favorable factors including blood flow visualization in optically transparent larvae. In this study, we have developed a cell-and-plasma blood transport model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to understand how red blood cell (RBC) partitioning affect lumen wall shear stress (WSS) and blood pressure in zebrafish trunk blood vascular networks with altered rheology and morphology. By performing live imaging of embryos with reduced hematocrit, we discovered that cardiac output and caudal artery flow rates were maintained. These adaptation trends were recapitulated in our CFD models, which showed reduction in network WSS via viscosity reduction in the caudal artery/vein and via pressure gradient weakening in the intersegmental vessels (ISVs). Embryos with experimentally reduced lumen diameter showed reduced cardiac output and caudal artery flow rate. Factoring in this trend into our CFD models, simulations highlighted that lumen diameter reduction increased vessel WSS but this increase was mitigated by flow reduction due to the adaptive network pressure gradient weakening. Additionally, hypothetical network CFD models with different vessel lumen diameter distribution characteristics indicated the significance of axial variation in lumen diameter and cross-sectional shape for establishing physiological WSS gradients along ISVs. In summary, our work demonstrates how both experiment-driven and hypothetical CFD modeling can be employed for the study of blood flow physiology during vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swe Soe Maung Ye
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Li-Kun Phng
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
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4
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So WY, Wong CS, Azubuike UF, Paul CD, Sangsari PR, Gordon PB, Gong H, Maity TK, Lim P, Yang Z, Haryanto CA, Batchelor E, Jenkins LM, Morgan NY, Tanner K. YAP localization mediates mechanical adaptation of human cancer cells during extravasation in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567015. [PMID: 38076880 PMCID: PMC10705547 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Biophysical profiling of primary tumors has revealed that individual tumor cells fall along a highly heterogeneous continuum of mechanical phenotypes. One idea is that a subset of tumor cells is "softer" to facilitate detachment and escape from the primary site, a step required to initiate metastasis. However, it has also been postulated that cells must be able to deform and generate sufficient force to exit into distant sites. Here, we aimed to dissect the mechanical changes that occur during extravasation and organ colonization. Using multiplexed methods of intravital microscopy and optical tweezer based active microrheology, we obtained longitudinal images and mechanical profiles of cells during organ colonization in vivo. We determined that cells were softer, more liquid like upon exit of the vasculature but stiffened and became more solid like once in the new organ microenvironment. We also determined that a YAP mediated mechanogenotype influenced the global dissemination in our in vivo and in vitro models and that reducing mechanical heterogeneity could reduce extravasation. Moreover, our high throughput analysis of mechanical phenotypes of patient samples revealed that this mechanics was in part regulated by the external hydrodynamic forces that the cancer cells experienced within capillary mimetics. Our findings indicate that disseminated cancer cells can keep mutating with a continuum landscape of mechano-phenotypes, governed by the YAP-mediated mechanosensing of hydrodynamic flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Young So
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Claudia S. Wong
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | | | - Colin D. Paul
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Paniz Rezvan Sangsari
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Hyeyeon Gong
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Tapan K. Maity
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Perry Lim
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Zhilin Yang
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa M. Jenkins
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
| | - Nicole Y. Morgan
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health
| | - Kandice Tanner
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), MD, USA
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5
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Shakiba D, Genin GM, Zustiak SP. Mechanobiology of cancer cell responsiveness to chemotherapy and immunotherapy: Mechanistic insights and biomaterial platforms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114771. [PMID: 36889646 PMCID: PMC10133187 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are central to how cancer treatments such as chemotherapeutics and immunotherapies interact with cells and tissues. At the simplest level, electrostatic forces underlie the binding events that are critical to therapeutic function. However, a growing body of literature points to mechanical factors that also affect whether a drug or an immune cell can reach a target, and to interactions between a cell and its environment affecting therapeutic efficacy. These factors affect cell processes ranging from cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix remodeling to transduction of signals by the nucleus to metastasis of cells. This review presents and critiques the state of the art of our understanding of how mechanobiology impacts drug and immunotherapy resistance and responsiveness, and of the in vitro systems that have been of value in the discovery of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Shakiba
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guy M Genin
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Silviya P Zustiak
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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6
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Yang Y, Fu Z, Zhu W, Hu H, Wang J. Application of optical tweezers in cardiovascular research: More than just a measuring tool. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:947918. [PMID: 36147537 PMCID: PMC9486066 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.947918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of optical tweezer technology have shown intriguing potential for applications in cardiovascular medicine, bringing this laboratory nanomechanical instrument into the spotlight of translational medicine. This article summarizes cardiovascular system findings generated using optical tweezers, including not only rigorous nanomechanical measurements but also multifunctional manipulation of biologically active molecules such as myosin and actin, of cells such as red blood cells and cardiomyocytes, of subcellular organelles, and of microvessels in vivo. The implications of these findings in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as potential perspectives that could also benefit from this tool, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Fu
- Quantum Sensing Center, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhu, ; Huizhu Hu, ; Jian’an Wang,
| | - Huizhu Hu
- Quantum Sensing Center, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhu, ; Huizhu Hu, ; Jian’an Wang,
| | - Jian’an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhu, ; Huizhu Hu, ; Jian’an Wang,
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7
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On non-Kolmogorov turbulence in blood flow and its possible role in mechanobiological stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13166. [PMID: 35915207 PMCID: PMC9343407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of turbulence in physiologic blood flow is important due to its strong relevance to endothelial mechanobiology and vascular disease. Recently, Saqr et al. (Sci Rep 10, 15,492, 2020) discovered non-Kolmogorov turbulence in physiologic blood flow in vivo, traced its origins to the Navier–Stokes equation and demonstrated some of its properties using chaos and hydrodynamic-stability theories. The present work extends these findings and investigates some inherent characteristics of non-Kolmogorov turbulence in monoharmonic and multiharmonic pulsatile flow under ideal physiologic conditions. The purpose of this work is to propose a conjecture for the origins for picoNewton forces that are known to regulate endothelial cells’ functions. The new conjecture relates these forces to physiologic momentum-viscous interactions in the near-wall region of the flow. Here, we used high-resolution large eddy simulation (HRLES) to study pulsatile incompressible flow in a straight pipe of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$L/D=20$$\end{document}L/D=20. The simulations presented Newtonian and Carreau–Yasuda fluid flows, at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R{e}_{m}\approx 250$$\end{document}Rem≈250, each represented by one, two and three boundary harmonics. Comparison was established based on maintaining constant time-averaged mass flow rate in all simulations. First, we report the effect of primary harmonics on the global power budget using primitive variables in phase space. Second, we describe the non-Kolmogorov turbulence in frequency domain. Third, we investigate the near-wall coherent structures in time and space domains. Finally, we propose a new conjecture for the role of turbulence in endothelial cells’ mechanobiology. The proposed conjecture correlates near-wall turbulence to a force field of picoNewton scale, suggesting possible relevance to endothelial cells mechanobiology.
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Català-Castro F, Schäffer E, Krieg M. Exploring cell and tissue mechanics with optical tweezers. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259355. [PMID: 35942913 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and tissue biosystems emerge from the assembly of their constituent molecules and obtain a set of specific material properties. To measure these properties and understand how they influence cellular function is a central goal of mechanobiology. From a bottoms-up, physics or engineering point-of-view, such systems are a composition of basic mechanical elements. However, the sheer number and dynamic complexity of them, including active molecular machines and their emergent properties, makes it currently intractable to calculate how biosystems respond to forces. Because many diseases result from an aberrant mechanotransduction, it is thus essential to measure this response. Recent advances in the technology of optical tweezers have broadened their scope from single-molecule applications to measurements inside complex cellular environments, even within tissues and animals. Here, we summarize the basic optical trapping principles, implementations and calibration procedures that enable force measurements using optical tweezers directly inside cells of living animals, in combination with complementary techniques. We review their versatility to manipulate subcellular organelles and measure cellular frequency-dependent mechanics in the piconewton force range from microseconds to hours. As an outlook, we address future challenges to fully unlock the potential of optical tweezers for mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Català-Castro
- Neurophotonics and Mechanical Systems Biology, ICFO, Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Erik Schäffer
- Cellular Nanoscience, ZMBP, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Krieg
- Neurophotonics and Mechanical Systems Biology, ICFO, Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
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Godeau AL, Leoni M, Comelles J, Guyomar T, Lieb M, Delanoë-Ayari H, Ott A, Harlepp S, Sens P, Riveline D. 3D single cell migration driven by temporal correlation between oscillating force dipoles. eLife 2022; 11:71032. [PMID: 35899947 PMCID: PMC9395190 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional cell locomotion requires symmetry breaking between the front and rear of the cell. In some cells, symmetry breaking manifests itself in a directional flow of actin from the front to the rear of the cell. Many cells, especially in physiological 3D matrices do not show such coherent actin dynamics and present seemingly competing protrusion/retraction dynamics at their front and back. How symmetry breaking manifests itself for such cells is therefore elusive. We take inspiration from the scallop theorem proposed by Purcell for micro-swimmers in Newtonian fluids: self-propelled objects undergoing persistent motion at low Reynolds number must follow a cycle of shape changes that breaks temporal symmetry. We report similar observations for cells crawling in 3D. We quantified cell motion using a combination of 3D live cell imaging, visualization of the matrix displacement and a minimal model with multipolar expansion. We show that our cells embedded in a 3D matrix form myosin-driven force dipoles at both sides of the nucleus, that locally and periodically pinch the matrix. The existence of a phase shift between the two dipoles is required for directed cell motion which manifests itself as cycles with finite area in the dipole-quadrupole diagram, a formal equivalence to the Purcell cycle. We confirm this mechanism by triggering local dipolar contractions with a laser. This leads to directed motion. Our study reveals that these cells control their motility by synchronizing dipolar forces distributed at front and back. This result opens new strategies to externally control cell motion as well as for the design of micro-crawlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Luise Godeau
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Jordi Comelles
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Tristan Guyomar
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Michele Lieb
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Hélène Delanoë-Ayari
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5306, LyonVilleurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Albrecht Ott
- Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sebastien Harlepp
- INSERM UMR S1109, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Development and stem cells, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
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10
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Xie Y, Liu X. Multifunctional manipulation of red blood cells using optical tweezers. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100315. [PMID: 34773382 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Serving as natural vehicles to deliver oxygen throughout the whole body, red blood cells (RBCs) have been regarded as important indicators for biomedical analysis and clinical diagnosis. Various diseases can be induced due to the dysfunction of RBCs. Hence, a flexible tool is required to perform precise manipulation and quantitative characterization of their physiological mechanisms and viscoelastic properties. Optical tweezers have emerged as potential candidates due to their noncontact manipulation and femtonewton-precision measurements. This review aimed to highlight the recent advances in the multifunctional manipulation of RBCs using optical tweezers, including controllable deformation, dynamic stretching, RBC aggregation, blood separation and Raman characterization. Further, great attentions have been focused on the precise assembly of functional biophotonics devices with trapped RBCs, and a brief overview was offered for the growing interests to manipulate RBCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Xie
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Liu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Yu Z, Liu KK. Soft Polymer-Based Technique for Cellular Force Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2672. [PMID: 34451211 PMCID: PMC8399510 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft polymers have emerged as a vital type of material adopted in biomedical engineering to perform various biomechanical characterisations such as sensing cellular forces. Distinct advantages of these materials used in cellular force sensing include maintaining normal functions of cells, resembling in vivo mechanical characteristics, and adapting to the customised functionality demanded in individual applications. A wide range of techniques has been developed with various designs and fabrication processes for the desired soft polymeric structures, as well as measurement methodologies in sensing cellular forces. This review highlights the merits and demerits of these soft polymer-based techniques for measuring cellular contraction force with emphasis on their quantitativeness and cell-friendliness. Moreover, how the viscoelastic properties of soft polymers influence the force measurement is addressed. More importantly, the future trends and advancements of soft polymer-based techniques, such as new designs and fabrication processes for cellular force sensing, are also addressed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuo-Kang Liu
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
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12
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Follain G, Osmani N, Gensbittel V, Asokan N, Larnicol A, Mercier L, Garcia-Leon MJ, Busnelli I, Pichot A, Paul N, Carapito R, Bahram S, Lefebvre O, Goetz JG. Impairing flow-mediated endothelial remodeling reduces extravasation of tumor cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13144. [PMID: 34162963 PMCID: PMC8222393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression and metastatic dissemination are driven by cell-intrinsic and biomechanical cues that favor the growth of life-threatening secondary tumors. We recently identified pro-metastatic vascular regions with blood flow profiles that are permissive for the arrest of circulating tumor cells. We have further established that such flow profiles also control endothelial remodeling, which favors extravasation of arrested CTCs. Yet, how shear forces control endothelial remodeling is unknown. In the present work, we aimed at dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving blood flow-dependent endothelial remodeling. Transcriptomic analysis of endothelial cells revealed that blood flow enhanced VEGFR signaling, among others. Using a combination of in vitro microfluidics and intravital imaging in zebrafish embryos, we now demonstrate that the early flow-driven endothelial response can be prevented upon specific inhibition of VEGFR tyrosine kinase and subsequent signaling. Inhibitory targeting of VEGFRs reduced endothelial remodeling and subsequent metastatic extravasation. These results confirm the importance of VEGFR-dependent endothelial remodeling as a driving force of CTC extravasation and metastatic dissemination. Furthermore, the present work suggests that therapies targeting endothelial remodeling might be a relevant clinical strategy in order to impede metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Follain
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Turku Bioscience Center,, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Naël Osmani
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Gensbittel
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Nandini Asokan
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Annabel Larnicol
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Luc Mercier
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- UMR 5297, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neurosciences, CNRS Université de Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria Jesus Garcia-Leon
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Angelique Pichot
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicodème Paul
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaël Carapito
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Seiamak Bahram
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Lefebvre
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Tumor Biomechanics, INSERM UMR_S1109, CRBS, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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13
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Zhou Y, Sheremet A, Kennedy JP, DiCola NM, Maciel CB, Burke SN, Maurer AP. Spectrum Degradation of Hippocampal LFP During Euthanasia. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:647011. [PMID: 33967707 PMCID: PMC8102791 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.647011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal local field potential (LFP) exhibits a strong correlation with behavior. During rest, the theta rhythm is not prominent, but during active behavior, there are strong rhythms in the theta, theta harmonics, and gamma ranges. With increasing running velocity, theta, theta harmonics and gamma increase in power and in cross-frequency coupling, suggesting that neural entrainment is a direct consequence of the total excitatory input. While it is common to study the parametric range between the LFP and its complementing power spectra between deep rest and epochs of high running velocity, it is also possible to explore how the spectra degrades as the energy is completely quenched from the system. Specifically, it is unknown whether the 1/f slope is preserved as synaptic activity becomes diminished, as low frequencies are generated by large pools of neurons while higher frequencies comprise the activity of more local neuronal populations. To test this hypothesis, we examined rat LFPs recorded from the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex during barbiturate overdose euthanasia. Within the hippocampus, the initial stage entailed a quasi-stationary LFP state with a power-law feature in the power spectral density. In the second stage, there was a successive erosion of power from high- to low-frequencies in the second stage that continued until the only dominant remaining power was <20 Hz. This stage was followed by a rapid collapse of power spectrum toward the absolute electrothermal noise background. As the collapse of activity occurred later in hippocampus compared with medial entorhinal cortex, it suggests that the ability of a neural network to maintain the 1/f slope with decreasing energy is a function of general connectivity. Broadly, these data support the energy cascade theory where there is a cascade of energy from large cortical populations into smaller loops, such as those that supports the higher frequency gamma rhythm. As energy is pulled from the system, neural entrainment at gamma frequency (and higher) decline first. The larger loops, comprising a larger population, are fault-tolerant to a point capable of maintaining their activity before a final collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhou
- Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alex Sheremet
- Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jack P Kennedy
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicholas M DiCola
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Carolina B Maciel
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sara N Burke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew P Maurer
- Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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14
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Follain G, Herrmann D, Harlepp S, Hyenne V, Osmani N, Warren SC, Timpson P, Goetz JG. Fluids and their mechanics in tumour transit: shaping metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2020; 20:107-124. [PMID: 31780785 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a dynamic succession of events involving the dissemination of tumour cells to distant sites within the body, ultimately reducing the survival of patients with cancer. To colonize distant organs and, therefore, systemically disseminate within the organism, cancer cells and associated factors exploit several bodily fluid systems, which provide a natural transportation route. Indeed, the flow mechanics of the blood and lymphatic circulatory systems can be co-opted to improve the efficiency of cancer cell transit from the primary tumour, extravasation and metastatic seeding. Flow rates, vessel size and shear stress can all influence the survival of cancer cells in the circulation and control organotropic seeding patterns. Thus, in addition to using these fluids as a means to travel throughout the body, cancer cells exploit the underlying physical forces within these fluids to successfully seed distant metastases. In this Review, we describe how circulating tumour cells and tumour-associated factors leverage bodily fluids, their underlying forces and imposed stresses during metastasis. As the contribution of bodily fluids and their mechanics raises interesting questions about the biology of the metastatic cascade, an improved understanding of this process might provide a new avenue for targeting cancer cells in transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Follain
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - David Herrmann
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Hyenne
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- CNRS SNC 505, Strasbourg, France
| | - Naël Osmani
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Sean C Warren
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Multiscale Imaging of Metastasis in Zebrafish. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:766-778. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Dagro A, Rajbhandari L, Orrego S, Kang SH, Venkatesan A, Ramesh KT. Quantifying the Local Mechanical Properties of Cells in a Fibrous Three-Dimensional Microenvironment. Biophys J 2019; 117:817-828. [PMID: 31421835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of the mechanical response of biological cells are critical for understanding injury and disease, for developing diagnostic tools, and for computational models in mechanobiology. Although it is well known that cells are sensitive to the topography of their microenvironment, the current paradigm in mechanical testing of adherent cells is mostly limited to specimens grown on flat two-dimensional substrates. In this study, we introduce a technique in which cellular indentation via optical trapping is performed on cells at a high spatial resolution to obtain their regional mechanical properties while they exist in a more favorable three-dimensional microenvironment. We combine our approach with nonlinear contact mechanics theory to consider the effects of a large deformation. This allows us to probe length scales that are relevant for obtaining overall cell stiffness values. The experimental results herein provide the hyperelastic material properties at both high (∼100 s-1) and low (∼1-10 s-1) strain rates of murine central nervous system glial cells. The limitations due to possible misalignment of the indenter in the three-dimensional space are examined using a computational model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dagro
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.
| | | | - Santiago Orrego
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Arun Venkatesan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kaliat T Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Jackson S, Meeks C, Vézina A, Robey RW, Tanner K, Gottesman MM. Model systems for studying the blood-brain barrier: Applications and challenges. Biomaterials 2019; 214:119217. [PMID: 31146177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a serious impediment to the delivery of effective therapies to the central nervous system (CNS). Over time, various model systems have been crafted and used to evaluate the complexities of the BBB, which includes an impermeable physical barrier and a series of energy-dependent efflux pumps. Models of the BBB have mainly sought to assess changes in endothelial cell permeability, the role of ATP-dependent efflux transporters in drug disposition, and alterations in communication between BBB cells and the microenvironment. In the context of disease, various animal models have been utilized to examine real time BBB drug permeability, CNS dynamic changes, and overall treatment response. In this review, we outline the use of these in vitro and in vivo blood-brain barrier model systems to study normal physiology and diseased states. These current models each have their own advantages and disadvantages for studying the response of biologic processes to physiological and pathological conditions. Additional models are needed to mimic more closely the dynamic quality of the BBB, with the goal focused on potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Jackson
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Caitlin Meeks
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Amélie Vézina
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Robert W Robey
- Multidrug Resistance Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Kandice Tanner
- Tissue Morphodynamics Unit, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Multidrug Resistance Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
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18
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Basoli F, Giannitelli SM, Gori M, Mozetic P, Bonfanti A, Trombetta M, Rainer A. Biomechanical Characterization at the Cell Scale: Present and Prospects. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1449. [PMID: 30498449 PMCID: PMC6249385 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly growing field of mechanobiology demands for robust and reproducible characterization of cell mechanical properties. Recent achievements in understanding the mechanical regulation of cell fate largely rely on technological platforms capable of probing the mechanical response of living cells and their physico–chemical interaction with the microenvironment. Besides the established family of atomic force microscopy (AFM) based methods, other approaches include optical, magnetic, and acoustic tweezers, as well as sensing substrates that take advantage of biomaterials chemistry and microfabrication techniques. In this review, we introduce the available methods with an emphasis on the most recent advances, and we discuss the challenges associated with their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Manuele Gori
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Mozetic
- Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alessandra Bonfanti
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcella Trombetta
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Rainer
- Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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19
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Xie M, Shakoor A, Wu C. Manipulation of Biological Cells Using a Robot-Aided Optical Tweezers System. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E245. [PMID: 30424178 PMCID: PMC6187456 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the autonomous manipulation strategies of biological cells utilizing optical tweezers, mainly including optical direct and indirect manipulation strategies. The typical and latest achievements in the optical manipulation of cells are presented, and the existing challenges for autonomous optical manipulation of biological cells are also introduced. Moreover, the integrations of optical tweezers with other manipulation tools are presented, which broadens the applications of optical tweezers in the biomedical manipulation areas and will also foster new developments in cell-based physiology and pathology studies, such as cell migration, single cell surgery, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Xie
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Adnan Shakoor
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Changcheng Wu
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
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20
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Tanner K. Perspective: The role of mechanobiology in the etiology of brain metastasis. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031801. [PMID: 31069312 PMCID: PMC6324204 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor latency and dormancy are obstacles to effective cancer treatment. In brain
metastases, emergence of a lesion can occur at varying intervals from diagnosis
and in some cases following successful treatment of the primary tumor. Genetic
factors that drive brain metastases have been identified, such as those involved
in cell adhesion, signaling, extravasation, and metabolism. From this wealth of
knowledge, vexing questions still remain; why is there a difference in strategy
to facilitate outgrowth and why is there a difference in latency? One missing
link may be the role of tissue biophysics of the brain microenvironment in
infiltrating cells. Here, I discuss the mechanical cues that may influence
disseminated tumor cells in the brain, as a function of age and disease. I
further discuss in vitro and in vivo
preclinical models such as 3D culture systems and zebrafish to study the role of
the mechanical environment in brain metastasis in an effort of providing novel
targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandice Tanner
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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