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Liu P, Wang L, Yu H. Polyploid giant cancer cells: origin, possible pathways of formation, characteristics, and mechanisms of regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1410637. [PMID: 39055650 PMCID: PMC11269155 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1410637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are characterized by the presence of either a single enlarged nucleus or multiple nuclei and are closely associated with tumor progression and treatment resistance. These cells contribute significantly to cellular heterogeneity and can arise from various stressors, including radiation, chemotherapy, hypoxia, and environmental factors. The formation of PGCCs can occur through mechanisms such as endoreplication, cell fusion, cytokinesis failure, mitotic slippage, or cell cannibalism. Notably, PGCCs exhibit traits similar to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and generate highly invasive progeny through asymmetric division. The presence of PGCCs and their progeny is pivotal in conferring resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, as well as facilitating tumor recurrence and metastasis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the origins, potential formation mechanisms, stressors, unique characteristics, and regulatory pathways of PGCCs, alongside therapeutic strategies targeting these cells. The objective is to enhance the understanding of PGCC initiation and progression, offering novel insights into tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Beifang Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiying Yu
- Laboratory of Basic Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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2
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Richl T, Kuper J, Kisker C. G-quadruplex-mediated genomic instability drives SNVs in cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2198-2211. [PMID: 38407356 PMCID: PMC10954472 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4s) DNA structures have been implicated in inducing genomic instability and contributing to cancer development. However, the relationship between G4s and cancer-related single nucleotide variants (cSNVs) in clinical settings remains unclear. In this large-scale study, we integrated experimentally validated G4s with genomic cSNVs from 13480 cancer patients to investigate the spatial association of G4s with the cellular cSNV landscape. Our findings demonstrate an increase in local genomic instability with increasing local G4 content in cancer patients, suggesting a potential role for G4s in driving cSNVs. Notably, we observed distinct spatial patterns of cSNVs and common single nucleotide variants (dbSNVs) in relation to G4s, implying different mechanisms for their generation and accumulation. We further demonstrate large, cancer-specific differences in the relationship of G4s and cSNVs, which could have important implications for a new class of G4-stabilizing cancer therapeutics. Moreover, we show that high G4-content can serve as a prognostic marker for local cSNV density and patient survival rates. Our findings underscore the importance of considering G4s in cancer research and highlight the need for further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms of G4-mediated genomic instability, especially in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Richl
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany
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3
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Wang Y, Tamori Y. Polyploid Cancer Cell Models in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:96. [PMID: 38254985 PMCID: PMC10815460 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes have been found in more than 90% of solid tumors, and among these, polyploidy accounts for about 40%. Polyploidized cells most often have duplicate centrosomes as well as genomes, and thus their mitosis tends to promote merotelic spindle attachments and chromosomal instability, which produces a variety of aneuploid daughter cells. Polyploid cells have been found highly resistant to various stress and anticancer therapies, such as radiation and mitogenic inhibitors. In other words, common cancer therapies kill proliferative diploid cells, which make up the majority of cancer tissues, while polyploid cells, which lurk in smaller numbers, may survive. The surviving polyploid cells, prompted by acute environmental changes, begin to mitose with chromosomal instability, leading to an explosion of genetic heterogeneity and a concomitant cell competition and adaptive evolution. The result is a recurrence of the cancer during which the tenacious cells that survived treatment express malignant traits. Although the presence of polyploid cells in cancer tissues has been observed for more than 150 years, the function and exact role of these cells in cancer progression has remained elusive. For this reason, there is currently no effective therapeutic treatment directed against polyploid cells. This is due in part to the lack of suitable experimental models, but recently several models have become available to study polyploid cells in vivo. We propose that the experimental models in Drosophila, for which genetic techniques are highly developed, could be very useful in deciphering mechanisms of polyploidy and its role in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoichiro Tamori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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4
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Zheng S, Guerrero-Haughton E, Foijer F. Chromosomal Instability-Driven Cancer Progression: Interplay with the Tumour Microenvironment and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2023; 12:2712. [PMID: 38067140 PMCID: PMC10706135 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a prevalent characteristic of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. CIN results in an increased frequency of chromosome mis-segregation events, thus yielding numerical and structural copy number alterations, a state also known as aneuploidy. CIN is associated with increased chances of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and acquisition of resistance to therapeutic interventions, and this is a dismal prognosis. In this review, we delve into the interplay between CIN and cancer, with a focus on its impact on the tumour microenvironment-a driving force behind metastasis. We discuss the potential therapeutic avenues that have resulted from these insights and underscore their crucial role in shaping innovative strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zheng
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erika Guerrero-Haughton
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Research in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
- Sistema Nacional de Investigación, SENACYT, Panama City 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Negreira GH, de Groote R, Van Giel D, Monsieurs P, Maes I, de Muylder G, Van den Broeck F, Dujardin J, Domagalska MA. The adaptive roles of aneuploidy and polyclonality in Leishmania in response to environmental stress. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57413. [PMID: 37470283 PMCID: PMC10481652 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is generally considered harmful, but in some microorganisms, it can act as an adaptive mechanism against environmental stress. Here, we use Leishmania-a protozoan parasite with remarkable genome plasticity-to study the early steps of aneuploidy evolution under high drug pressure (using antimony or miltefosine as stressors). By combining single-cell genomics, lineage tracing with cellular barcodes, and longitudinal genome characterization, we reveal that aneuploidy changes under antimony pressure result from polyclonal selection of pre-existing karyotypes, complemented by further and rapid de novo alterations in chromosome copy number along evolution. In the case of miltefosine, early parasite adaptation is associated with independent point mutations in a miltefosine transporter gene, while aneuploidy changes only emerge later, upon exposure to increased drug levels. Therefore, polyclonality and genome plasticity are hallmarks of parasite adaptation, but the scenario of aneuploidy dynamics depends on the nature and strength of the environmental stress as well as on the existence of other pre-adaptive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel H Negreira
- Molecular Parasitology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Robin de Groote
- Molecular Parasitology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Dorien Van Giel
- Molecular Parasitology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Molecular Parasitology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Ilse Maes
- Molecular Parasitology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Frederik Van den Broeck
- Molecular Parasitology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical ResearchKatholieke Universiteit LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jean‐Claude Dujardin
- Molecular Parasitology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
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6
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Ota S, Tanaka Y, Yasutake R, Ikeda Y, Yuki R, Nakayama Y, Saito Y. Distinct effects of heat shock temperatures on mitotic progression by influencing the spindle assembly checkpoint. Exp Cell Res 2023; 429:113672. [PMID: 37339729 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock is a physiological and environmental stress that leads to the denaturation and inactivation of cellular proteins and is used in hyperthermia cancer therapy. Previously, we revealed that mild heat shock (42 °C) delays the mitotic progression by activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, it is unclear whether SAC activation is maintained at higher temperatures than 42 °C. Here, we demonstrated that a high temperature of 44 °C just before mitotic entry led to a prolonged mitotic delay in the early phase, which was shortened by the SAC inhibitor, AZ3146, indicating SAC activation. Interestingly, mitotic slippage was observed at 44 °C after a prolonged delay but not at 42 °C heat shock. Furthermore, the multinuclear cells were generated by mitotic slippage in 44 °C-treated cells. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that heat shock at 44 °C reduces the kinetochore localization of MAD2, which is essential for mitotic checkpoint activation, in nocodazole-arrested mitotic cells. These results indicate that 44 °C heat shock causes SAC inactivation even after full activation of SAC and suggest that decreased localization of MAD2 at the kinetochore is involved in heat shock-induced mitotic slippage, resulting in multinucleation. Since mitotic slippage causes drug resistance and chromosomal instability, we propose that there may be a risk of cancer malignancy when the cells are exposed to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Ota
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yui Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ryuji Yasutake
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuki Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Yuki
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-Nakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan.
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7
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Prasad K, Bloomfield M, Levi H, Keuper K, Bernhard SV, Baudoin NC, Leor G, Eliezer Y, Giam M, Wong CK, Rancati G, Storchová Z, Cimini D, Ben-David U. Whole-Genome Duplication Shapes the Aneuploidy Landscape of Human Cancers. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1736-1752. [PMID: 35502547 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer with tissue-specific prevalence patterns that suggest it plays a driving role in cancer initiation and progression. However, the contribution of aneuploidy to tumorigenesis depends on both cellular and genomic contexts. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) is a common macroevolutionary event that occurs in more than 30% of human tumors early in tumorigenesis. Although tumors that have undergone WGD are reported to be more permissive to aneuploidy, it remains unknown whether WGD also affects aneuploidy prevalence patterns. Here we analyzed clinical tumor samples from 5,586 WGD- tumors and 3,435 WGD+ tumors across 22 tumor types and found distinct patterns of aneuploidy in WGD- and WGD+ tumors. WGD+ tumors were characterized by more promiscuous aneuploidy patterns, in line with increased aneuploidy tolerance. Moreover, the genetic interactions between chromosome arms differed between WGD- and WGD+ tumors, giving rise to distinct cooccurrence and mutual exclusivity aneuploidy patterns. The proportion of whole-chromosome aneuploidy compared with arm-level aneuploidy was significantly higher in WGD+ tumors, indicating distinct dominant mechanisms for aneuploidy formation. Human cancer cell lines successfully reproduced these WGD/aneuploidy interactions, confirming the relevance of studying this phenomenon in culture. Finally, induction of WGD and assessment of aneuploidy in isogenic WGD-/WGD+ human colon cancer cell lines under standard or selective conditions validated key findings from the clinical tumor analysis, supporting a causal link between WGD and altered aneuploidy landscapes. We conclude that WGD shapes the aneuploidy landscape of human tumors and propose that this interaction contributes to tumor evolution. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that the interactions between whole-genome duplication and aneuploidy are important for tumor evolution, highlighting the need to consider genome status in the analysis and modeling of cancer aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Prasad
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mathew Bloomfield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Virginia
| | - Hagai Levi
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kristina Keuper
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sara V Bernhard
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Nicolaas C Baudoin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Virginia
| | - Gil Leor
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Eliezer
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maybelline Giam
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Kit Wong
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Rancati
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zuzana Storchová
- Department of Molecular Genetics, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg Virginia
| | - Uri Ben-David
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Datta S, Patel M, Kashyap S, Patel D, Singh U. Chimeric chromosome landscapes of human somatic cell cultures show dependence on stress and regulation of genomic repeats by CGGBP1. Oncotarget 2022; 13:136-155. [PMID: 35070079 PMCID: PMC8765472 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomes of somatic cells in culture are prone to spontaneous mutations due to errors in replication and DNA repair. Some of these errors, such as chromosomal fusions, are not rectifiable and subject to selection or elimination in growing cultures. Somatic cell cultures are thus expected to generate background levels of potentially stable chromosomal chimeras. A description of the landscape of such spontaneously generated chromosomal chimeras in cultured cells will help understand the factors affecting somatic mosaicism. Here we show that short homology-associated non-homologous chromosomal chimeras occur in normal human fibroblasts and HEK293T cells at genomic repeats. The occurrence of chromosomal chimeras is enhanced by heat stress and depletion of a repeat regulatory protein CGGBP1. We also present evidence of homologous chromosomal chimeras between allelic copies in repeat-rich DNA obtained by methylcytosine immunoprecipitation. The formation of homologous chromosomal chimeras at Alu and L1 repeats increases upon depletion of CGGBP1. Our data are derived from de novo sequencing from three different cell lines under different experimental conditions and our chromosomal chimera detection pipeline is applicable to long as well as short read sequencing platforms. These findings present significant information about the generation, sensitivity and regulation of somatic mosaicism in human cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhamoy Datta
- HoMeCell Lab, Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Manthan Patel
- HoMeCell Lab, Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Sukesh Kashyap
- HoMeCell Lab, Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Divyesh Patel
- HoMeCell Lab, Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
- Current address: Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Umashankar Singh
- HoMeCell Lab, Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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9
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Abstract
Aneuploidy, a genomic alternation characterized by deviations in the copy number of chromosomes, affects organisms from early development through to aging. Although it is a main cause of human pregnancy loss and a hallmark of cancer, how aneuploidy affects cellular function has been elusive. The last two decades have seen rapid advances in the understanding of the causes and consequences of aneuploidy at the molecular and cellular levels. These studies have uncovered effects of aneuploidy that can be beneficial or detrimental to cells and organisms in an environmental context-dependent and karyotype-dependent manner. Aneuploidy also imposes general stress on cells that stems from an imbalanced genome and, consequently, also an imbalanced proteome. These insights provide the fundamental framework for understanding the impact of aneuploidy in genome evolution, human pathogenesis and drug resistance.
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10
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Chen S, Yang M, Zhong N, Yu D, Jian J, Jiang D, Xiao Y, Wei W, Wang T, Lou Y, Zhou Z, Xu W, Wan W, Wu Z, Wei H, Liu T, Zhao J, Yang X, Xiao J. Quantified CIN Score From Cell-free DNA as a Novel Noninvasive Predictor of Survival in Patients With Spinal Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:767340. [PMID: 34957099 PMCID: PMC8696126 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Most currently available scores for survival prediction of patients with bone metastasis lack accuracy. In this study, we present a novel quantified CIN (Chromosome Instability) score modeled from cfDNA copy number variation (CNV) for survival prediction. Experimental Design: Plasma samples collected from 67 patients with bone metastases from 11 different cancer types between November 2015 and May 2016 were sent through low-coverage whole genome sequencing followed by CIN computation to make a correlation analysis between the CIN score and survival prognosis. The results were validated in an independent cohort of 213 patients. Results: During the median follow-up period of 598 (95% CI 364-832) days until December 25, 2018, 124 (44.3%) of the total 280 patients died. Analysis of the discovery dataset showed that CIN score = 12 was the optimal CIN cutoff. Validation dataset showed that CIN was elevated (score ≥12) in 87 (40.8%) patients, including 5 (5.75%) with head and neck cancer, 11 (12.6%) with liver and gallbladder cancer, 11 (12.6%) with cancer from unidentified sites, 21 (24.1%) with lung cancer, 7 (8.05%) with breast cancer, 4 (4.60%) with thyroid cancer, 6 (6.90%) with colorectal cancer, 4 (4.60%) with kidney cancer, 2 (2.30%) with prostate cancer, and 16 (18.4%) with other types of cancer. Further analysis showed that patients with elevated CIN were associated with worse survival (p < 0.001). For patients with low Tokuhashi score (≤8) who had predictive survival of less than 6 months, the CIN score was able to distinguish patients with a median overall survival (OS) of 443 days (95% CI 301-585) from those with a median OS of 258 days (95% CI 184-332). Conclusion: CNV examination in bone metastatic cancer from cfDNA is superior to the traditional predictive model in that it provides a noninvasive and objective method of monitoring the survival of patients with spine metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanzhe Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Center of Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Jian
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjie Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yasong Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yan Lou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Wollenberg Valero KC, Garcia-Porta J, Irisarri I, Feugere L, Bates A, Kirchhof S, Jovanović Glavaš O, Pafilis P, Samuel SF, Müller J, Vences M, Turner AP, Beltran-Alvarez P, Storey KB. Functional genomics of abiotic environmental adaptation in lacertid lizards and other vertebrates. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:1163-1179. [PMID: 34695234 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genomic basis of adaptation to different abiotic environments is important in the context of climate change and resulting short-term environmental fluctuations. Using functional and comparative genomics approaches, we here investigated whether signatures of genomic adaptation to a set of environmental parameters are concentrated in specific subsets of genes and functions in lacertid lizards and other vertebrates. We first identify 200 genes with signatures of positive diversifying selection from transcriptomes of 24 species of lacertid lizards and demonstrate their involvement in physiological and morphological adaptations to climate. To understand how functionally similar these genes are to previously predicted candidate functions for climate adaptation and to compare them with other vertebrate species, we then performed a meta-analysis of 1,100 genes under selection obtained from -omics studies in vertebrate species adapted to different abiotic factors. We found that the vertebrate gene set formed a tightly connected interactome, which was to 23% enriched in previously predicted functions of adaptation to climate, and to a large part (18%) involved in organismal stress response. We found a much higher degree of identical genes being repeatedly selected among different animal groups (43.6%), and of functional similarity and post-translational modifications than expected by chance, and no clear functional division between genes used for ectotherm and endotherm physiological strategies. In total, 171 out of 200 genes of Lacertidae were part of this network. These results highlight an important role of a comparatively small set of genes and their functions in environmental adaptation and narrow the set of candidate pathways and markers to be used in future research on adaptation and stress response related to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Garcia-Porta
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Campus Institut Data Science (CIDAS), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lauric Feugere
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-Upon-Hull, UK
| | - Adam Bates
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-Upon-Hull, UK
| | - Sebastian Kirchhof
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.,New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Section of Zoology and Marine Biology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sabrina F Samuel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Kingston-Upon-Hull, UK
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexander P Turner
- Department of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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12
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Song Y, Zhao Y, Deng Z, Zhao R, Huang Q. Stress-Induced Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells: Unique Way of Formation and Non-Negligible Characteristics. Front Oncol 2021; 11:724781. [PMID: 34527590 PMCID: PMC8435787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.724781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy is a conserved mechanism in cell development and stress responses. Multiple stresses of treatment, including radiation and chemotherapy drugs, can induce the polyploidization of tumor cells. Through endoreplication or cell fusion, diploid tumor cells convert into giant tumor cells with single large nuclei or multiple small nucleuses. Some of the stress-induced colossal cells, which were previously thought to be senescent and have no ability to proliferate, can escape the fate of death by a special way. They can remain alive at least before producing progeny cells through asymmetric cell division, a depolyploidization way named neosis. Those large and danger cells are recognized as polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). Such cells are under suspicion of being highly related to tumor recurrence and metastasis after treatment and can bring new targets for cancer therapy. However, differences in formation mechanisms between PGCCs and well-accepted polyploid cancer cells are largely unknown. In this review, the methods used in different studies to induce polyploid cells are summarized, and several mechanisms of polyploidization are demonstrated. Besides, we discuss some characteristics related to the poor prognosis caused by PGCCs in order to provide readers with a more comprehensive understanding of these huge cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yucui Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Li J, Ohmura S, Marchetto A, Orth MF, Imle R, Dallmayer M, Musa J, Knott MML, Hölting TLB, Stein S, Funk CM, Sastre A, Alonso J, Bestvater F, Kasan M, Romero-Pérez L, Hartmann W, Ranft A, Banito A, Dirksen U, Kirchner T, Cidre-Aranaz F, Grünewald TGP. Therapeutic targeting of the PLK1-PRC1-axis triggers cell death in genomically silent childhood cancer. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5356. [PMID: 34531368 PMCID: PMC8445938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer1. Yet, many childhood cancers, such as Ewing sarcoma (EwS), feature remarkably 'silent' genomes with minimal CIN2. Here, we show in the EwS model how uncoupling of mitosis and cytokinesis via targeting protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) or its activating polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) can be employed to induce fatal genomic instability and tumor regression. We find that the EwS-specific oncogenic transcription factor EWSR1-FLI1 hijacks PRC1, which physiologically safeguards controlled cell division, through binding to a proximal enhancer-like GGAA-microsatellite, thereby promoting tumor growth and poor clinical outcome. Via integration of transcriptome-profiling and functional in vitro and in vivo experiments including CRISPR-mediated enhancer editing, we discover that high PRC1 expression creates a therapeutic vulnerability toward PLK1 inhibition that can repress even chemo-resistant EwS cells by triggering mitotic catastrophe.Collectively, our results exemplify how aberrant PRC1 activation by a dominant oncogene can confer malignancy but provide opportunities for targeted therapy, and identify PRC1 expression as an important determinant to predict the efficacy of PLK1 inhibitors being used in clinical trials.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Child
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNAi Therapeutics/methods
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Ewing/therapy
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays/methods
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aruna Marchetto
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin F Orth
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Imle
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Soft tissue sarcoma Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlene Dallmayer
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Musa
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian M L Knott
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilman L B Hölting
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Stein
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelius M Funk
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Sastre
- Unidad Hemato-oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Pediatric Solid Tumour Laboratory, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Bestvater
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Merve Kasan
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Romero-Pérez
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Ranft
- Pediatrics III, AYA Unit, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Banito
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Soft tissue sarcoma Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Dirksen
- Pediatrics III, AYA Unit, West German Cancer Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florencia Cidre-Aranaz
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G P Grünewald
- Max-Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma Biology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Baudoin NC, Bloomfield M. Karyotype Aberrations in Action: The Evolution of Cancer Genomes and the Tumor Microenvironment. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:558. [PMID: 33921421 PMCID: PMC8068843 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease of cellular evolution. For this cellular evolution to take place, a population of cells must contain functional heterogeneity and an assessment of this heterogeneity in the form of natural selection. Cancer cells from advanced malignancies are genomically and functionally very different compared to the healthy cells from which they evolved. Genomic alterations include aneuploidy (numerical and structural changes in chromosome content) and polyploidy (e.g., whole genome doubling), which can have considerable effects on cell physiology and phenotype. Likewise, conditions in the tumor microenvironment are spatially heterogeneous and vastly different than in healthy tissues, resulting in a number of environmental niches that play important roles in driving the evolution of tumor cells. While a number of studies have documented abnormal conditions of the tumor microenvironment and the cellular consequences of aneuploidy and polyploidy, a thorough overview of the interplay between karyotypically abnormal cells and the tissue and tumor microenvironments is not available. Here, we examine the evidence for how this interaction may unfold during tumor evolution. We describe a bidirectional interplay in which aneuploid and polyploid cells alter and shape the microenvironment in which they and their progeny reside; in turn, this microenvironment modulates the rate of genesis for new karyotype aberrations and selects for cells that are most fit under a given condition. We conclude by discussing the importance of this interaction for tumor evolution and the possibility of leveraging our understanding of this interplay for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas C. Baudoin
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Mathew Bloomfield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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15
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Ko HJ, Tsai CY, Chiou SJ, Lai YL, Wang CH, Cheng JT, Chuang TH, Huang CYF, Kwan AL, Loh JK, Hong YR. The Phosphorylation Status of Drp1-Ser637 by PKA in Mitochondrial Fission Modulates Mitophagy via PINK1/Parkin to Exert Multipolar Spindles Assembly during Mitosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:424. [PMID: 33805672 PMCID: PMC7998912 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion cycles are integrated with cell cycle progression. Here we first re-visited how mitochondrial ETC inhibition disturbed mitosis progression, resulting in multipolar spindles formation in HeLa cells. Inhibitors of ETC complex I (rotenone, ROT) and complex III (antimycin A, AA) decreased the phosphorylation of Plk1 T210 and Aurora A T288 in the mitotic phase (M-phase), especially ROT, affecting the dynamic phosphorylation status of fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and the Ser637/Ser616 ratio. We then tested whether specific Drp1 inhibitors, Mdivi-1 or Dynasore, affected the dynamic phosphorylation status of Drp1. Similar to the effects of ROT and AA, our results showed that Mdivi-1 but not Dynasore influenced the dynamic phosphorylation status of Ser637 and Ser616 in Drp1, which converged with mitotic kinases (Cdk1, Plk1, Aurora A) and centrosome-associated proteins to significantly accelerate mitotic defects. Moreover, our data also indicated that evoking mito-Drp1-Ser637 by protein kinase A (PKA) rather than Drp1-Ser616 by Cdk1/Cyclin B resulted in mitochondrial fission via the PINK1/Parkin pathway to promote more efficient mitophagy and simultaneously caused multipolar spindles. Collectively, this study is the first to uncover that mito-Drp1-Ser637 by PKA, but not Drp1-Ser616, drives mitophagy to exert multipolar spindles formation during M-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jiun Ko
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jaw Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
| | - Yun-Ling Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
| | - Chi-Huei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan;
| | - Jiin-Tsuey Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Joon-Khim Loh
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Hong
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (H.-J.K.); (Y.-L.L.); (A.-L.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (C.-Y.F.H.)
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-Y.T.); (T.-H.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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16
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Was H, Borkowska A, Olszewska A, Klemba A, Marciniak M, Synowiec A, Kieda C. Polyploidy formation in cancer cells: How a Trojan horse is born. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 81:24-36. [PMID: 33727077 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy increase has been shown to occur in different type of tumors and participate in tumor initiation and resistance to the treatment. Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are cells with multiple nuclei or a single giant nucleus containing multiple complete sets of chromosomes. The mechanism leading to formation of PGCCs may depend on: endoreplication, mitotic slippage, cytokinesis failure, cell fusion or cell cannibalism. Polyploidy formation might be triggered in response to various genotoxic stresses including: chemotherapeutics, radiation, hypoxia, oxidative stress or environmental factors like: air pollution, UV light or hyperthermia. A fundamental feature of polyploid cancer cells is the generation of progeny during the reversal of the polyploid state (depolyploidization) that may show high aggressiveness resulting in the formation of resistant disease and tumor recurrence. Therefore, we propose that modern anti-cancer therapies should be designed taking under consideration polyploidization/ depolyploidization processes, which confer the polyploidization a hidden potential similar to a Trojan horse delayed aggressiveness. Various mechanisms and stress factors leading to polyploidy formation in cancer cells are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Was
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Borkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Olszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Zwirki i Wigury 61 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Klemba
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland; College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Marciniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Synowiec
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine, Szaserow 128 Street, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Galofré C, Gönül Geyik Ö, Asensio E, Wangsa D, Hirsch D, Parra C, Saez J, Mollà M, Yüce Z, Castells A, Ried T, Camps J. Tetraploidy-Associated Genetic Heterogeneity Confers Chemo-Radiotherapy Resistance to Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051118. [PMID: 32365785 PMCID: PMC7281619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploidy, or whole-genome duplication, is a common phenomenon in cancer and preludes chromosome instability, which strongly correlates with disease progression, metastasis, and treatment failure. Therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that tetraploidization confers multidrug resistance. Nevertheless, the contribution of whole-genome duplication to chemo-radiotherapy resistance remains unclear. Here, using isogenic diploid and near-tetraploid clones from three colorectal cancer cell lines and one non-transformed human epithelial cell line, we show a consistent growth impairment but a divergent tumorigenic potential of near-tetraploid cells. Next, we assessed the effects of first-line chemotherapeutic drugs, other commonly used agents and ionizing radiation, and found that whole-genome duplication promoted increased chemotherapy resistance and also conferred protection against irradiation. When testing the activation of apoptosis, we observed that tetraploid cells were less prone to caspase 3 activation after treatment with first-line chemotherapeutic agents. Furthermore, we found that pre-treatment with ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR) inhibitors, which targets response to replication stress, significantly enhanced the sensitivity of tetraploid cells to first-line chemotherapeutic agents as well as to ionizing radiation. Our findings provide further insight into how tetraploidy results in greater levels of tolerance to chemo-radiotherapeutic agents and, moreover, we show that ATR inhibitors can sensitize near-tetraploid cells to commonly used chemo-radiotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Galofré
- Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.); (E.A.); (C.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Öykü Gönül Geyik
- Section for Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Ö.G.G.); (D.W.); (D.H.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Elena Asensio
- Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.); (E.A.); (C.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Darawalee Wangsa
- Section for Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Ö.G.G.); (D.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniela Hirsch
- Section for Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Ö.G.G.); (D.W.); (D.H.)
| | - Carolina Parra
- Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.); (E.A.); (C.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Jordi Saez
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Meritxell Mollà
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (J.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Zeynep Yüce
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35330 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Antoni Castells
- Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.); (E.A.); (C.P.); (A.C.)
| | - Thomas Ried
- Section for Cancer Genomics, Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA; (Ö.G.G.); (D.W.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (J.C.)
| | - Jordi Camps
- Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.); (E.A.); (C.P.); (A.C.)
- Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular i Genètica Mèdica, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.R.); (J.C.)
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18
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Chen S, Liu M, Huang H, Li B, Zhao H, Feng XQ, Zhao HP. Heat Stress-Induced Multiple Multipolar Divisions of Human Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:E888. [PMID: 31412680 PMCID: PMC6721694 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipolar divisions of heated cells has long been thought to stem from centrosome aberrations of cells directly caused by heat stress. In this paper, through long-term live-cell imaging, we provide direct cellular evidences to demonstrate that heat stress can promote multiple multipolar divisions of MGC-803 and MCF-7 cells. Our results show that, besides facilitating centrosome aberration, polyploidy induced by heat stress is another mechanism that causes multipolar cell divisions, in which polyploid cancer cells engendered by mitotic slippage, cytokinesis failure, and cell fusion. Furthermore, we also find that the fates of theses polyploid cells depend on their origins, in the sense that the polyploid cells generated by mitotic slippage experience bipolar divisions with a higher rate than multipolar divisions, while those polyploid cells induced by both cytokinesis failure and cell fusion have a higher frequency of multipolar divisions compared with bipolar divisions. This work indicates that heat stress-induced multiple multipolar divisions of cancer cells usually produce aneuploid daughter cells, and might lead to genetically unstable cancer cells and facilitate tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Chen
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huiming Huang
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hucheng Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hong-Ping Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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