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Gioelli N, Neilson LJ, Wei N, Villari G, Chen W, Kuhle B, Ehling M, Maione F, Willox S, Brundu S, Avanzato D, Koulouras G, Mazzone M, Giraudo E, Yang XL, Valdembri D, Zanivan S, Serini G. Neuropilin 1 and its inhibitory ligand mini-tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase inversely regulate VE-cadherin turnover and vascular permeability. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4188. [PMID: 35858913 PMCID: PMC9300702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a functional blood vessel network relies on the ability of endothelial cells (ECs) to dynamically rearrange their adhesive contacts in response to blood flow and guidance cues, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and class 3 semaphorins (SEMA3s). Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is essential for blood vessel development, independently of its ligands VEGF-A and SEMA3, through poorly understood mechanisms. Grounding on unbiased proteomic analysis, we report here that NRP1 acts as an endocytic chaperone primarily for adhesion receptors on the surface of unstimulated ECs. NRP1 localizes at adherens junctions (AJs) where, interacting with VE-cadherin, promotes its basal internalization-dependent turnover and favors vascular permeability initiated by histamine in both cultured ECs and mice. We identify a splice variant of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (mini-WARS) as an unconventionally secreted extracellular inhibitory ligand of NRP1 that, by stabilizing it at the AJs, slows down both VE-cadherin turnover and histamine-elicited endothelial leakage. Thus, our work shows a role for NRP1 as a major regulator of AJs plasticity and reveals how mini-WARS acts as a physiological NRP1 inhibitory ligand in the control of VE-cadherin endocytic turnover and vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Gioelli
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | | | - Na Wei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Giulia Villari
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bernhard Kuhle
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Manuel Ehling
- Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Federica Maione
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Sander Willox
- Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Serena Brundu
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniele Avanzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Guido Serini
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo (TO), Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo (TO), Italy.
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Spindle Dynamics during Meiotic Development of the Fungus Podospora anserina Requires the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Shaping Protein RTN1. mBio 2021; 12:e0161521. [PMID: 34607459 PMCID: PMC8546617 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01615-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an elaborate organelle composed of distinct structural and functional domains. ER structure and dynamics involve membrane-shaping proteins of the reticulon and Yop1/DP1 families, which promote membrane curvature and regulate ER shaping and remodeling. Here, we analyzed the function of the reticulon (RTN1) and Yop1 proteins (YOP1 and YOP2) of the model fungus Podospora anserina and their contribution to sexual development. We found that RTN1 and YOP2 localize to the peripheral ER and are enriched in the dynamic apical ER domains of the polarized growing hyphal region. We discovered that the formation of these domains is diminished in the absence of RTN1 or YOP2 and abolished in the absence of YOP1 and that hyphal growth is moderately reduced when YOP1 is deleted in combination with RTN1 and/or YOP2. In addition, we found that RTN1 associates with the Spitzenkörper. Moreover, RTN1 localization is regulated during meiotic development, where it accumulates at the apex of growing asci (meiocytes) during their differentiation and at their middle region during the subsequent meiotic progression. Furthermore, we discovered that loss of RTN1 affects ascospore (meiotic spore) formation, in a process that does not involve YOP1 or YOP2. Finally, we show that the defects in ascospore formation of rtn1 mutants are associated with defective nuclear segregation and spindle dynamics throughout meiotic development. Our results show that sexual development in P. anserina involves a developmental remodeling of the ER that implicates the reticulon RTN1, which is required for meiotic nucleus segregation.
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Wojnacki J, Nola S, Bun P, Cholley B, Filippini F, Pressé MT, Lipecka J, Man Lam S, N’guyen J, Simon A, Ouslimani A, Shui G, Fader CM, Colombo MI, Guerrera IC, Galli T. Role of VAMP7-Dependent Secretion of Reticulon 3 in Neurite Growth. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wesley CC, Mishra S, Levy DL. Organelle size scaling over embryonic development. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e376. [PMID: 32003549 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell division without growth results in progressive cell size reductions during early embryonic development. How do the sizes of intracellular structures and organelles scale with cell size and what are the functional implications of such scaling relationships? Model organisms, in particular Caenorhabditis elegans worms, Drosophila melanogaster flies, Xenopus laevis frogs, and Mus musculus mice, have provided insights into developmental size scaling of the nucleus, mitotic spindle, and chromosomes. Nuclear size is regulated by nucleocytoplasmic transport, nuclear envelope proteins, and the cytoskeleton. Regulators of microtubule dynamics and chromatin compaction modulate spindle and mitotic chromosome size scaling, respectively. Developmental scaling relationships for membrane-bound organelles, like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, mitochondria, and lysosomes, have been less studied, although new imaging approaches promise to rectify this deficiency. While models that invoke limiting components and dynamic regulation of assembly and disassembly can account for some size scaling relationships in early embryos, it will be exciting to investigate the contribution of newer concepts in cell biology such as phase separation and interorganellar contacts. With a growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of organelle size scaling, future studies promise to uncover the significance of proper scaling for cell function and embryonic development, as well as how aberrant scaling contributes to disease. This article is categorized under: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing Early Embryonic Development > Fertilization to Gastrulation Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase C Wesley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Sampada Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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